为更加全面、准确评估蔬菜中重金属铬(Cr)生物可给性及对人体健康风险的影响,本文利用生物原理提取法(physiologically based extraction test,PBET)联合微生物生态系统(simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystem,SHIME)模拟...为更加全面、准确评估蔬菜中重金属铬(Cr)生物可给性及对人体健康风险的影响,本文利用生物原理提取法(physiologically based extraction test,PBET)联合微生物生态系统(simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystem,SHIME)模拟实验,系统分析了贵州某铅锌矿区4种常见蔬菜(辣椒、芥菜、小白菜和甘蓝)在不同食用条件(生和熟)下Cr的含量变化,探究在肠道微生物影响下蔬菜Cr在不同消化吸收阶段(胃、小肠和结肠)中生物可给性差异,并对比了各消化阶段的膳食暴露风险.结果表明,4种蔬菜样品中Cr的含量(干重)表现为小白菜(13.86±7.33)mg·kg^(−1)>芥菜(9.84±1.79)mg·kg^(−1)>甘蓝(9.53±1.60)mg·kg^(−1)>辣椒(5.28±2.48)mg·kg^(−1);虽煮熟处理可显著降低4种蔬菜样品中的Cr含量(降低范围54.98%—63.44%,P<0.05),但生熟蔬菜样品中Cr含量仍超过国家食品卫生标准中的标准限值(GB 2762—2017:0.5 mg∙kg^(−1)).此外,研究发现结肠阶段中Cr的生物可给性最高,分别为成人:(22.56%±9.23%)—(36.04%±11.45%);儿童:(19.74%±8.26%)—(34.53%±10.82%),分别是小肠阶段的1.10—6.00倍和1.05—5.77倍,且蔬菜高温处理后增加了结肠阶段Cr的生物可给性(6.11%—21.51%).对比各消化阶段的危害商指数(HQ)发现,基于结肠阶段生物可给性计算的HQ累计概率较高,相比小肠阶段提高了约6.17%—62.12%,表明结肠阶段中肠道微生物作用下可增加蔬菜中Cr的生物可给性和提高人体健康风险.因此,在未来开展人体健康风险评估时,需综合评估不同食用条件下食物中重金属在结肠阶段中生物可给性的健康风险,以期为我国膳食重金属暴露的人体健康风险评估提供更多科学参考.展开更多
重金属污染已成为水产品质量安全存在的主要问题之一.本研究通过测定湘江干流铜锈环棱螺肉中重金属(Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb)含量,并基于荷兰RIVM(the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment)体外消化模型模拟口...重金属污染已成为水产品质量安全存在的主要问题之一.本研究通过测定湘江干流铜锈环棱螺肉中重金属(Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb)含量,并基于荷兰RIVM(the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment)体外消化模型模拟口腔、胃及肠道消化,计算螺肉中Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb的生物可给性,评估其食用健康风险.结果表明,螺肉中Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb的含量范围分别为35.68—116.96、202.51—323.20、4.41—95.93、0.29—16.08、0.12—17.35 mg·kg^(-1),且大多高于水产品重金属限量标准.螺肉中不同重金属的生物可给性差异较大,Zn、Cd和Pb在胃阶段的生物可给性高于口腔和肠阶段,Cu和Cr在肠阶段的生物可给性高于口腔和胃阶段.基于生物可给性的食用健康风险显示,螺肉中5种重金属的目标危害系数(THQ)和综合危害系数(HI)均小于1,不存在非致癌健康风险;但其综合致癌风险指数(TCR)均大于1×10^(-4),存在致癌风险.Cd对TCR值贡献率最高,为主要风险元素.展开更多
Staphylococcus aureus is a common marine foodborne pathogen.In this study,antibiotics ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were used to induce drug-resistance in S.aureus.The differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were anal...Staphylococcus aureus is a common marine foodborne pathogen.In this study,antibiotics ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were used to induce drug-resistance in S.aureus.The differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were analyzed and compared with those in the bacteria cultured without antibiotics.The primary proteomic alterations were in the levels of cell membrane components and proteins related to lysine and folic acid biosynthesis,which were all significantly up-regulated.The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC)for both test drugs were elevated to 10μg m L^(-1)following serial passaging.These results indicated that,for both ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin,drug-resistance were developed even in the subinhibitory levels and the primary response was a major alteration in the cell membrane proteome.These changes were similar to those observed in S.aureus cultured with super-MIC levels of these antibiotics.The current study provides a theoretical basis for in-depth study of the related changes of marine foodborne pathogens in subinhibitory concentrations that are commonly found in situ.展开更多
文摘为更加全面、准确评估蔬菜中重金属铬(Cr)生物可给性及对人体健康风险的影响,本文利用生物原理提取法(physiologically based extraction test,PBET)联合微生物生态系统(simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystem,SHIME)模拟实验,系统分析了贵州某铅锌矿区4种常见蔬菜(辣椒、芥菜、小白菜和甘蓝)在不同食用条件(生和熟)下Cr的含量变化,探究在肠道微生物影响下蔬菜Cr在不同消化吸收阶段(胃、小肠和结肠)中生物可给性差异,并对比了各消化阶段的膳食暴露风险.结果表明,4种蔬菜样品中Cr的含量(干重)表现为小白菜(13.86±7.33)mg·kg^(−1)>芥菜(9.84±1.79)mg·kg^(−1)>甘蓝(9.53±1.60)mg·kg^(−1)>辣椒(5.28±2.48)mg·kg^(−1);虽煮熟处理可显著降低4种蔬菜样品中的Cr含量(降低范围54.98%—63.44%,P<0.05),但生熟蔬菜样品中Cr含量仍超过国家食品卫生标准中的标准限值(GB 2762—2017:0.5 mg∙kg^(−1)).此外,研究发现结肠阶段中Cr的生物可给性最高,分别为成人:(22.56%±9.23%)—(36.04%±11.45%);儿童:(19.74%±8.26%)—(34.53%±10.82%),分别是小肠阶段的1.10—6.00倍和1.05—5.77倍,且蔬菜高温处理后增加了结肠阶段Cr的生物可给性(6.11%—21.51%).对比各消化阶段的危害商指数(HQ)发现,基于结肠阶段生物可给性计算的HQ累计概率较高,相比小肠阶段提高了约6.17%—62.12%,表明结肠阶段中肠道微生物作用下可增加蔬菜中Cr的生物可给性和提高人体健康风险.因此,在未来开展人体健康风险评估时,需综合评估不同食用条件下食物中重金属在结肠阶段中生物可给性的健康风险,以期为我国膳食重金属暴露的人体健康风险评估提供更多科学参考.
文摘重金属污染已成为水产品质量安全存在的主要问题之一.本研究通过测定湘江干流铜锈环棱螺肉中重金属(Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb)含量,并基于荷兰RIVM(the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment)体外消化模型模拟口腔、胃及肠道消化,计算螺肉中Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb的生物可给性,评估其食用健康风险.结果表明,螺肉中Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb的含量范围分别为35.68—116.96、202.51—323.20、4.41—95.93、0.29—16.08、0.12—17.35 mg·kg^(-1),且大多高于水产品重金属限量标准.螺肉中不同重金属的生物可给性差异较大,Zn、Cd和Pb在胃阶段的生物可给性高于口腔和肠阶段,Cu和Cr在肠阶段的生物可给性高于口腔和胃阶段.基于生物可给性的食用健康风险显示,螺肉中5种重金属的目标危害系数(THQ)和综合危害系数(HI)均小于1,不存在非致癌健康风险;但其综合致癌风险指数(TCR)均大于1×10^(-4),存在致癌风险.Cd对TCR值贡献率最高,为主要风险元素.
基金funded by the Professional Innovation and Integration Project of Qingdao University(2020)。
文摘Staphylococcus aureus is a common marine foodborne pathogen.In this study,antibiotics ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were used to induce drug-resistance in S.aureus.The differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were analyzed and compared with those in the bacteria cultured without antibiotics.The primary proteomic alterations were in the levels of cell membrane components and proteins related to lysine and folic acid biosynthesis,which were all significantly up-regulated.The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC)for both test drugs were elevated to 10μg m L^(-1)following serial passaging.These results indicated that,for both ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin,drug-resistance were developed even in the subinhibitory levels and the primary response was a major alteration in the cell membrane proteome.These changes were similar to those observed in S.aureus cultured with super-MIC levels of these antibiotics.The current study provides a theoretical basis for in-depth study of the related changes of marine foodborne pathogens in subinhibitory concentrations that are commonly found in situ.
