this paper we study planned and unplanned adjustment processes in master-planned communities and new towns by a first wave of residents,in which changes in lifestyles play a central role.How can unplanned transitions ...this paper we study planned and unplanned adjustment processes in master-planned communities and new towns by a first wave of residents,in which changes in lifestyles play a central role.How can unplanned transitions be stimulated and play a role in making a new town more attractive,sustainable,adjustable,and fexible in use?We apply this to the case of Anting New Town in Shanghai.We focus on both personal and collective adjustments and appropriation in housing,commercial,as well as public space.We explore methods of doing visual research by observation,in line with methods by Venturi and Boudon.By adding economic and socio-cultural drivers and institutional frameworks,which allow these alterations to happen,conclusions are made about the possible sustainability,adjustability,and flexibility of these planned structures.We analyze adjustments from different perspectives on the themes of urbanity and identity:architectural-morphological,②functional-economical,and socio-cultural.Following different approaches to studying the planned and unplanned city,we explain how the urbanity and identity of Anting have changed in various ways.Appropriation of building structures and urban spaces is a key element in this process of change.It is the outcome of a wider process of economicand socio-culturalchange.展开更多
Built-up area(BUA)significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions,making strategic spatial planning crucial for carbon emission control.Given the diverse land use patterns and carbon emission sources in B...Built-up area(BUA)significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions,making strategic spatial planning crucial for carbon emission control.Given the diverse land use patterns and carbon emission sources in BUAs,this study proposed a land-based strategy system for carbon emission assessment and optimization.A three-step method was devised to create a planner-friendly tool for implementing the system,which involves carbon emission intensity calculation based on current land use,spatial illustration of carbon emission intensities based on land use planning,and planning program optimization and emission reduction effect assessment.The method was applied to the central urban area of Changxing County(Zhejiang)in China.The results showed that the structures and emission intensities of urban land use substantially influenced the overall carbon emissions in the central urban area.Our comprehensive land use optimization strategies reduced the overall carbon emissions of the central urban area by 36.9%when compared to the original planning program.The Monte Carlo simulation indicated that land use structure optimization and emission intensity control measures could reduce carbon emission rate by 5.20%to 18.28%,and 18.44%to 31.67%,respectively.The results underlined the importance of making specific adjustments to land use structure and implementing intensity control measures for effective carbon reduction.In conclusion,this study offers methods and insights for urban planners in creating sustainable and low-carbon urban spaces.展开更多
County-level administrative divisions and main functional areas are two basic governance systems that act concurrently on county-level geographical units.The administrative division governance focuses on local adminis...County-level administrative divisions and main functional areas are two basic governance systems that act concurrently on county-level geographical units.The administrative division governance focuses on local administration and regular social services,while the main functional area governance focuses on differentiated territorial space development.This paper summarizes the emerging trends and requirements of countylevel spatial governance in China and analyzes the coupling relationship of county-level administrative divisions and main functional areas.Then,the paper proposes to develop an interactive mechanism for the two systems,with administrative divisions focusing on local administration and social governance,and main functional areas focusing on strength complementation and differentiated development.In addition,it puts forward a new county-level spatial governance model featuring a coupling relationship of administrative and functional systems that is well matched with the coordination mechanism.It may provide a reference for improving administrative divisions,the main functional area policy system,and their dynamic adjustments.展开更多
Pedestrian well-being reflects emotional experience during walking.Analyzing which built environment factors influence pedestrian wellbeing not only helps to improve residents’physical and mental health but also enco...Pedestrian well-being reflects emotional experience during walking.Analyzing which built environment factors influence pedestrian wellbeing not only helps to improve residents’physical and mental health but also encourages more walking.Based on the data obtained via a questionnaire survey in Harbin,China,a gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT)model is developed to analyze how the perception of the built environment influences pedestrian well-being and to explain the differences across types of neighborhoods(old,new,and mixed).The results show that pedestrian well-being is most influenced by the diversity of daily service facilities,followed by the number of commercial facilities along a street,the accessibility of daily service facilities,and green spaces.Moreover,pedestrian well-being is also influenced by the type of neighborhoods.In new neighborhoods,it is dominated by the accessibility of public transport stations,while in old and mixed neighborhoods,pedestrian well-being is primarily determined by the accessibility of green spaces and the number of green spaces,respectively.Depending on the characteristics of the built environment,different intervention measures are proposed to improve pedestrian well-being and promote walking.展开更多
The development of tourism in historic areas imposes immense pressure on heritage conservation, leading to issues such as commercial encroachment and the loss of cultural uniqueness in many domestic areas. Dayan Ancie...The development of tourism in historic areas imposes immense pressure on heritage conservation, leading to issues such as commercial encroachment and the loss of cultural uniqueness in many domestic areas. Dayan Ancient Town, as an integral part of the Old Town of Lijiang, a World Cultural Heritage Site, faces increasing challenges due to commercialization. This paper explores the cultural and commercial development of Dayan Ancient Town from the perspective of tourist perception. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), this study develops an evaluation system and visualization to analyze both cultural and commercial perceptions of tourists. The findings reveal that tourists' cultural perception of the town is limited, while their commercial perception is prominent. Furthermore, the study examines the distribution of cultural attractions and commercial establishments, revealing that the current cultural attractions can't contribute to high and continuous cultural perception results. The study finally proposes recommendations for enhancing tourist perception of the ancient town, such as establishing multi-level protection and development strategies, infusing cultural attributes into business, and expanding cultural attraction clusters.展开更多
Financial balance is a requisite for the sustained operation of urban regeneration projects in the stock-based planning period.From the perspective of financial balance,this paper analyzes the operation strategy and m...Financial balance is a requisite for the sustained operation of urban regeneration projects in the stock-based planning period.From the perspective of financial balance,this paper analyzes the operation strategy and mechanism of the LM Apartments Project in Shuiwei Village of Shenzhen from four aspects:the financial input in the initial stage,the revenue and expenditure in the operational stage,the financial relationship between multiple stakeholders,and the control of non-financial costs.The findings reveal that under the tripartite cooperation between the government,the state-owned enterprise,and the village collective,the LM Apartments Project in Shuiwei Village is a model of urban village regeneration that effectively supplements Shenzhen’s government-subsidized housing system.Of the three parties,the government provides policy support and asset-light investment;Shum Yip Group,a state-owned enterprise,has carried out innovative practices of urban village regeneration while making a small profit;the Shuiwei village collective has achieved sustained economic benefits and a high-quality living environment.The paper further discusses the external effects of this practice and probes into the conditions for the wide application of this mode in the hope of providing a useful reference for promoting the application of the financial balance mechanism in urban village regeneration projects.展开更多
Science and technology innovation corridors are important spatial carriers for the coordinated development of future urban agglomerations in China.Based on a coupling coordination evaluation method,this study builds a...Science and technology innovation corridors are important spatial carriers for the coordinated development of future urban agglomerations in China.Based on a coupling coordination evaluation method,this study builds an index system for the evaluation of collaborative development of the"industry-city-innovation"region,and conducts the index evaluation and coupling coordination evaluation on the"industry-city-innovation"in the Xiamen-Quanzhou Science and Technology Innovation Corridor,in the hope of exploring measurement and evaluation methods for the de-velopment level of science and technology industrial parks.Based on multidimensional quantitative evaluation,the study concludes that Xiamen and Quanzhou own a solid foundation for economic development and science and technology innovation.However,the difference in the innovation cultivation environment between the two cities is an apparent shortcoming in the construction of the science and technology innovation corridor.Moreover,according to the coupling coordination evaluation of the"industry-city-innovation"system,the result shows that the overall coupling coordination degree of Xiamen City is generally high.The various counties and districts along the Xiamen-Quanzhou Science and Technology Inno-vation Corridor are mainly affected by the coupling of"city innovation",forming an obvious spatial agglomeration form.The influence of industrial elements is relatively weak.At the same time,the study uses the gray correlation analysis method to evaluate the factors influencing the coupling co-ordination degree.It is found that in terms of the degree of influence,city>industry>innovation,and the proportion of age population of labor force,the public service index,and the proportion of added value of the tertiary industry are key factors.Finally,considering the collaborative development with"industry-city-innovation"as the driving force,this study puts forward specific policy suggestions for the construction of the Xiamen-Quanzhou Science and Technology Innovation Corridor based on the coupling evaluation results,providing a reference for the future development of science and technologyinnovation corridors.展开更多
Harbin, a typical emerging colonial city in modern times, has drawn worldwide attention due to its quick transformation from a fishing village to a modern globalized metropolis. With Harbin and its urban planning from...Harbin, a typical emerging colonial city in modern times, has drawn worldwide attention due to its quick transformation from a fishing village to a modern globalized metropolis. With Harbin and its urban planning from 1898 to 1917 as the subject of study from the perspective of planning historiography, this paper probes into the driving force behind Harbin's early modern urban development, historical phasing and characteristics of its urban planning, as well as evolution of planning and construction activities during this period. The findings reveal that Harbin's urban planning and construction activities were closely linked to Russia's political and economic interests and also reflected the political game between the powers led by Japan and Russia in the Manchurian region.展开更多
In China,in recent years it has become a prevailing trend to promote the spatial maturity and high-quality transformation of new towns,yet there are few quantitative methods to evaluate their urban morphological matur...In China,in recent years it has become a prevailing trend to promote the spatial maturity and high-quality transformation of new towns,yet there are few quantitative methods to evaluate their urban morphological maturity.From the perspective of quantitative urban morphology,this paper integrates street view data and cutting-edge analytical techniques into classic urban morphological study and develops a quantitative index for evalu-ating urban morphological maturity that fits Chinese cities by adjusting the indicators in line with the unique characteristics of the built environment ofChinese cities.Focusing on five new towns,as well as a historic area,of Shanghai,the paper evaluates their urban morphological maturity with this quantitative index and verifies its validity by comparing the evaluation result with that of expert consensus.It then proposes some design guidelines that may provide robust support for the regeneration of these new towns.Given its reliance on the multi-source data of open access and ready avail-ability,this index holds promise for evaluating the urban morphological maturity of other new towns,to provide support for urban form improvement frombothholisticanddetailed perspectives.展开更多
Urban agglomeration plays a vital role in fostering high-quality and sustainable development in China,where urbanization rates signifi-cantly influence both urban and rural environments,generating different economic a...Urban agglomeration plays a vital role in fostering high-quality and sustainable development in China,where urbanization rates signifi-cantly influence both urban and rural environments,generating different economic and socio-spatial impacts that,in turn,influence carbon emissions in cities.To delve into the influencing mechanisms of carbon emissions,this paper examines the spatio-temporal pattern of carbon emissions across 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in China.It utilizes data on economic,social,and spatial factors from 2012 to 2019 and employs a spatial econometric regression model for analysis.The results indicate that carbon emissions of cities in the urban agglomeration exhibited strong spatial correlation from 2012 to 2019,characterized by relatively stable cold and hot spots,along with continuous outward spread of high-value zones.Economic and social factors demonstrate a significant positive spatial correlation with carbon emissions of a city,with weak spatial spillover effects.Spatial factors exhibit correlations with carbon emissions in both the city and neighboring cities,with strong spatial spillover effects.Moreover,the spatial layout and functional division of cities in the urban agglomeration also significantly impact the spatio-temporal pattern of carbon emissions.展开更多
Against the backdrop of China's socio-economic transition, there is a growing imperative to examine neighborhood renovation initiatives in addressing the emerging needs of residents. Developing Granovetter's c...Against the backdrop of China's socio-economic transition, there is a growing imperative to examine neighborhood renovation initiatives in addressing the emerging needs of residents. Developing Granovetter's classic work on embeddedness, this paper proposes a conceptual framework of spatial embeddedness to understand changes in the physical space brought about by neighborhood renovation, in order to explore how it affects residents' satisfaction in a dynamic temporal and spatial process. It presents whether and why residents' real feelings produced from their interaction with neighborhood renovation are(un)different, and how their feelings are shaped based on six months of fieldwork in a danwei neighborhood in Xi'an, China. The paper conceptualizes the relationship between the neighborhood space and embeddedness by adopting spatial embeddedness to capture the interplay of temporal, spatial, and social factors in the process of danwei neighborhood renovation. This framework not only integrates multiple perspectives and scales, but also reflects different levels of residents' satisfaction, trying to establish a connection between the abstract space and the renovation space. It suggests that spatial embeddedness should be considered as a response to the negative social impacts resulting from changes in the physical space in neighborhood renovation.展开更多
Global climate change,driven by increasing carbon emissions,has posed a significant challenge to both human survival and development,becoming a major issue for the sustainable progress of human society.This paper exam...Global climate change,driven by increasing carbon emissions,has posed a significant challenge to both human survival and development,becoming a major issue for the sustainable progress of human society.This paper examines the characteristics and differences in the spatio-temporal distribution of carbon emissions and sinks across Wuhan Region that is stratified into three spatial levels:Hubei Province,the Wuhan Metropolitan Area,and Wuhan City.On a finer spatial scale within Wuhan,it uncovers the spatial correlations and disparities between carbon emissions and sinks.Accordingly,the paper proposes strategies and suggestions for reducing carbon emissions and enhancing carbon sinks at the provincial,metropolitan,and municipal levels.These findings are valuable for sustainable regional development and construction of low-carbon eco-cities.展开更多
Caregivers,i.e.,parents,grandparents,and anyone caring for children,make up the majority of users in many urban centers around the world,including in China.Yet urban design and planning rarely consider specific needs ...Caregivers,i.e.,parents,grandparents,and anyone caring for children,make up the majority of users in many urban centers around the world,including in China.Yet urban design and planning rarely consider specific needs of caregivers.This can result in a negative perception among people that cities are unfriendly places to raise children.Such negative perception is among the major contributors to the aging population problem,as parents and parents-to-be feel reluctant to give birth and raise more than one or even any children.Using an interdisciplinary approach,i.e.,cognitive science,psychology,behavioral economics,and urban studies,this paper examines a new city model of"parent-friendly city,"where urban design serves the needs of caregivers,effectively creating a perception that cities are friendly places for raising children.First,we identify that caregivers'needs are characterized by two major factors:provision:parents want to provide for their children,such as providing places for play and learning,and@restoration:parents want to restore things that they lack due to childcare responsibilities,such as lack of rest and interaction with other adults.Second,we offer cognitive-based design principles that can work powerfully and effectively to fll both needs.Third,using real case studies from cities in China and around the world,we illustrate how these design principles work,even reversing caregivers'perception from negative to positive.Ultimately,thoughtful urban design can support parents in raising children,making cities into partners in parenthood.展开更多
Compared with the stock-land exploitation of developed regions in eastern China,the development path in the western regions still relies on land expansion.Among them,Shaanxi stands out as an early-developing region wi...Compared with the stock-land exploitation of developed regions in eastern China,the development path in the western regions still relies on land expansion.Among them,Shaanxi stands out as an early-developing region with the highest comprehensive social and economic development level in the west,presenting a more significant and typical phenomenon of urban expansion.This paper utilizes remote sensing image data and socio-economic statistical data,employing mathematical and statistical analysis methods to examine the types and patterns of urban spatial expansion in Shaanxi over multiple years.It also summarizes the laws of expansion and subsequently delves into the driving factors of the spatial expansion.The result shows that the important driving factors of urban expansion in Shaanxi include natural geographical conditions,the economic development basis,the development of new towns and new areas,the drive of large-scale projects,and the guidance of urban and rural planning.The differences in driving factors between the east and west can be explained by the stages of regional development and the effects of administrative boundaries.This research aims to provide localized insights into the rational regulation of urban spatial evolution and efficient land use in similar regions and late-developing regions inwestern China.展开更多
Community residents are important stakeholders in preserving historic districts. This paper introduces the extended theory of planned behavior to explore the intentions of residents to participate in heritage preserva...Community residents are important stakeholders in preserving historic districts. This paper introduces the extended theory of planned behavior to explore the intentions of residents to participate in heritage preservation, and further explains the influencing factors. Seven historic districts in Tianjin are selected as case studies. The results show that the residents' intentions to preserve heritage are positively influenced by three subjective perception factors of heritage preservation attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, as well as two objective situational factors of environmental quality of historic district and policy guidance for heritage preservation. Furthermore, the objective situational factors indirectly influence heritage preservation intentions through the subjective perception factors. Based on these findings, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions to enhance the heritage preservation intentions of community residents.展开更多
With China's urbanization entering a stage of high-quality development,refined urban governance has become an important part in the modernization of governance capacity,in which urban design plays a major role.Thi...With China's urbanization entering a stage of high-quality development,refined urban governance has become an important part in the modernization of governance capacity,in which urban design plays a major role.This paper briefly reviews the background of urban design digi-talization and discusses the issues that need to be addressed in digital management and control of urban design in China.On this basis,the paper summarizes the practice of digital management and control of urban design in Zhuhai in three aspects:building a rule base for digital management and control,developing a 3D quantitative analysis method for urban space from the macro,meso,and micro perspectives,and establishing a digital urban design management platform and storing 2D and 3D urban design schemes in the database according to unified standards,so as to realize the standardized management,intelligent review,and scientific decision-making of urban design.展开更多
With the focus of urban regeneration gradually shifting to the community level, community regeneration has become an important path for improving residents' quality of life and the governance of grassroots society...With the focus of urban regeneration gradually shifting to the community level, community regeneration has become an important path for improving residents' quality of life and the governance of grassroots society. How to innovate the governance model and how to improve the community public space utilization efficiency become vital questions. From the perspective of property rights regime, this paper puts forward the theoretical framework of “property rights regime-governance model-space utilization,” and argues that the property rights regime can be adjusted through the subdivision of property rights, which can change the governance model of public space and affect the space utilization efficiency. Through an in-depth investigation of the community regeneration of Shanghai KIC Garden, this study finds that different property rights regimes affect the process and results of collective action in public space governance, and the monocentric governance model formed by the concentration of governmental power can easily lead to the governance dilemmas such as rent-seeking, ineffective supervision, and information asymmetry. By subdividing and decentralizing property rights, social organizations, and community residents can be introduced to participate in the process of spatial governance, so as to facilitate the sinking of governance centers to the grassroots level and form a polycentric governance model. Moreover, multiple stakeholders can be motivated to make full use of public space through the property rights regime adjustment, and the public space utilization efficiency can be enhanced as a result.展开更多
During rapid urbanization, megacities see disparities in the spatial distribution of basic public service facilities and the urban built environment. Current research on basic public service facilities focuses on equa...During rapid urbanization, megacities see disparities in the spatial distribution of basic public service facilities and the urban built environment. Current research on basic public service facilities focuses on equal spatial distribution, leading to the overlook of their match with the surrounding built environment. Based on a case study on education, healthcare, and elderly care facilities in Chengdu central urban area, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution of these facilities and the built environment, and examines their spatial matching degree using a bivariate spatial autocorrelation model. The findings reveal the following insights: firstly, education and healthcare facilities present a “one core and multi-center” spatial distribution pattern, with the city center serving as the core and suburban subdistricts acting as the multiple centers, while elderly care facilities present a core-edge distribution pattern in contrast;secondly, the built environment presents a core-edge radial distribution pattern, with the city center acting as the nucleus that connects suburban subdistricts;thirdly, the spatial matching degree between the facilities and the urban built environment from the city center outwards is characterized by high, low, medium, and high levels. Notably, a significant spatial mismatch is observed in urban-rural transitional zones. In light of these findings, the paper comes to a conclusion that during urbanization, the efforts to equalize basic public service facilities in the urban-rural transitional zones may lead to spatial mismatches, to which urban planners and managers should pay close attention.展开更多
As Chinese cities undergo a transition from incremental development to retrofit development and urban governance tends to be more refined, the renovation mode of old residential communities is also under the transform...As Chinese cities undergo a transition from incremental development to retrofit development and urban governance tends to be more refined, the renovation mode of old residential communities is also under the transformation from large-scale bulldozer demolition and reconstruction to small-scale refined renovation and regeneration. However, the practice of micro community renovation has encountered a number of challenges throughout the implementation process, including conflicts between multiple stakeholders in the initial stage of planning, unconcordance between different implementation bodies in the intermediate stage of construction, and the lack of guarantee mechanisms in the later stage of maintenance.Based on the concept of life cycle, this paper divides the practical process of micro community renovation into seven steps, i.e., establishing communal platforms, identifying community features, cultivating communal organizations, designing community activities, formulating planning schemes,conducting participatory constructions, and establishing long-lasting mechanisms. It takes the Gejiaying Community in Wuhan as a case to verify the above analysis, in the hope of providing a reference for the current practice of urban regeneration and community renovation in China.展开更多
Urban Regeneration Institutions and Beijing’s Exploration:Multiple Stakeholders,Capital Source,Physical Space,and Operational Service Authors:Tang Yan,Zhang Lu,and Yin Xiaoyong Year:2023 Publisher:China Architecture&...Urban Regeneration Institutions and Beijing’s Exploration:Multiple Stakeholders,Capital Source,Physical Space,and Operational Service Authors:Tang Yan,Zhang Lu,and Yin Xiaoyong Year:2023 Publisher:China Architecture&Building Press ISBN:9787507435603(300 pages,in Chinese)The mode shift of urban development from“incremental expansion”to“stock regeneration”is inevitable when the urbanization process enters the middle and later stages.In China,it has been considered as an important national strategy in the new period,as well as a key field for innovation and exploration in various cities,to take urban regeneration as a means to achieve the goals of optimizing urban functions,improving space quality,promoting economic and social development,and enhancing people’s sense of well-being.While promoting the high-quality development of cities,urban regeneration practices have shifted from large-scale demolition and reconstruction to small-scale micro-regeneration,from the development-focused approach to multi-objective approaches,and from government-led to joint governance and sharing,which have made the pursuit of comprehensive values,the participation of multiple stakeholders,and the balance of various benefits in urban regeneration the hot topics in the current society.展开更多
文摘this paper we study planned and unplanned adjustment processes in master-planned communities and new towns by a first wave of residents,in which changes in lifestyles play a central role.How can unplanned transitions be stimulated and play a role in making a new town more attractive,sustainable,adjustable,and fexible in use?We apply this to the case of Anting New Town in Shanghai.We focus on both personal and collective adjustments and appropriation in housing,commercial,as well as public space.We explore methods of doing visual research by observation,in line with methods by Venturi and Boudon.By adding economic and socio-cultural drivers and institutional frameworks,which allow these alterations to happen,conclusions are made about the possible sustainability,adjustability,and flexibility of these planned structures.We analyze adjustments from different perspectives on the themes of urbanity and identity:architectural-morphological,②functional-economical,and socio-cultural.Following different approaches to studying the planned and unplanned city,we explain how the urbanity and identity of Anting have changed in various ways.Appropriation of building structures and urban spaces is a key element in this process of change.It is the outcome of a wider process of economicand socio-culturalchange.
文摘Built-up area(BUA)significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions,making strategic spatial planning crucial for carbon emission control.Given the diverse land use patterns and carbon emission sources in BUAs,this study proposed a land-based strategy system for carbon emission assessment and optimization.A three-step method was devised to create a planner-friendly tool for implementing the system,which involves carbon emission intensity calculation based on current land use,spatial illustration of carbon emission intensities based on land use planning,and planning program optimization and emission reduction effect assessment.The method was applied to the central urban area of Changxing County(Zhejiang)in China.The results showed that the structures and emission intensities of urban land use substantially influenced the overall carbon emissions in the central urban area.Our comprehensive land use optimization strategies reduced the overall carbon emissions of the central urban area by 36.9%when compared to the original planning program.The Monte Carlo simulation indicated that land use structure optimization and emission intensity control measures could reduce carbon emission rate by 5.20%to 18.28%,and 18.44%to 31.67%,respectively.The results underlined the importance of making specific adjustments to land use structure and implementing intensity control measures for effective carbon reduction.In conclusion,this study offers methods and insights for urban planners in creating sustainable and low-carbon urban spaces.
文摘County-level administrative divisions and main functional areas are two basic governance systems that act concurrently on county-level geographical units.The administrative division governance focuses on local administration and regular social services,while the main functional area governance focuses on differentiated territorial space development.This paper summarizes the emerging trends and requirements of countylevel spatial governance in China and analyzes the coupling relationship of county-level administrative divisions and main functional areas.Then,the paper proposes to develop an interactive mechanism for the two systems,with administrative divisions focusing on local administration and social governance,and main functional areas focusing on strength complementation and differentiated development.In addition,it puts forward a new county-level spatial governance model featuring a coupling relationship of administrative and functional systems that is well matched with the coordination mechanism.It may provide a reference for improving administrative divisions,the main functional area policy system,and their dynamic adjustments.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51878204,52278057).
文摘Pedestrian well-being reflects emotional experience during walking.Analyzing which built environment factors influence pedestrian wellbeing not only helps to improve residents’physical and mental health but also encourages more walking.Based on the data obtained via a questionnaire survey in Harbin,China,a gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT)model is developed to analyze how the perception of the built environment influences pedestrian well-being and to explain the differences across types of neighborhoods(old,new,and mixed).The results show that pedestrian well-being is most influenced by the diversity of daily service facilities,followed by the number of commercial facilities along a street,the accessibility of daily service facilities,and green spaces.Moreover,pedestrian well-being is also influenced by the type of neighborhoods.In new neighborhoods,it is dominated by the accessibility of public transport stations,while in old and mixed neighborhoods,pedestrian well-being is primarily determined by the accessibility of green spaces and the number of green spaces,respectively.Depending on the characteristics of the built environment,different intervention measures are proposed to improve pedestrian well-being and promote walking.
基金funded by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52038007):Research on Reconstruction of Contemporary Construction System Based on the Integration Mechanism of “Architecture, Human, and Environment” in the Chinese Context。
文摘The development of tourism in historic areas imposes immense pressure on heritage conservation, leading to issues such as commercial encroachment and the loss of cultural uniqueness in many domestic areas. Dayan Ancient Town, as an integral part of the Old Town of Lijiang, a World Cultural Heritage Site, faces increasing challenges due to commercialization. This paper explores the cultural and commercial development of Dayan Ancient Town from the perspective of tourist perception. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), this study develops an evaluation system and visualization to analyze both cultural and commercial perceptions of tourists. The findings reveal that tourists' cultural perception of the town is limited, while their commercial perception is prominent. Furthermore, the study examines the distribution of cultural attractions and commercial establishments, revealing that the current cultural attractions can't contribute to high and continuous cultural perception results. The study finally proposes recommendations for enhancing tourist perception of the ancient town, such as establishing multi-level protection and development strategies, infusing cultural attributes into business, and expanding cultural attraction clusters.
基金the General Program of the Social Science Fund of Fujian Province entitled“Research on Spatial Planning and Control of Coastal Zones in Fujian Province Based on Socio-Ecological Vulnerability Assessment”(No.FJ2022B051)the program of the Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of Xiamen City entitled“Research on Spatial Vulnerability Assessment and Resilience and Safety Improvement Technology in Coastal Zones”(No.3502Z20227024)+1 种基金the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China entitled“Research on Identification,Characteristics,and Formation Mechanism of New Urban Space Based on Consumers’Willingness”(No.52378078)the Natural Science Foundation Program of Fujian Province entitled“Research on Spatial Resilience and Safety Planning and Control Technology for Coastal Zones Based on Vulnerability Assessment”(No.2023J01009).
文摘Financial balance is a requisite for the sustained operation of urban regeneration projects in the stock-based planning period.From the perspective of financial balance,this paper analyzes the operation strategy and mechanism of the LM Apartments Project in Shuiwei Village of Shenzhen from four aspects:the financial input in the initial stage,the revenue and expenditure in the operational stage,the financial relationship between multiple stakeholders,and the control of non-financial costs.The findings reveal that under the tripartite cooperation between the government,the state-owned enterprise,and the village collective,the LM Apartments Project in Shuiwei Village is a model of urban village regeneration that effectively supplements Shenzhen’s government-subsidized housing system.Of the three parties,the government provides policy support and asset-light investment;Shum Yip Group,a state-owned enterprise,has carried out innovative practices of urban village regeneration while making a small profit;the Shuiwei village collective has achieved sustained economic benefits and a high-quality living environment.The paper further discusses the external effects of this practice and probes into the conditions for the wide application of this mode in the hope of providing a useful reference for promoting the application of the financial balance mechanism in urban village regeneration projects.
文摘Science and technology innovation corridors are important spatial carriers for the coordinated development of future urban agglomerations in China.Based on a coupling coordination evaluation method,this study builds an index system for the evaluation of collaborative development of the"industry-city-innovation"region,and conducts the index evaluation and coupling coordination evaluation on the"industry-city-innovation"in the Xiamen-Quanzhou Science and Technology Innovation Corridor,in the hope of exploring measurement and evaluation methods for the de-velopment level of science and technology industrial parks.Based on multidimensional quantitative evaluation,the study concludes that Xiamen and Quanzhou own a solid foundation for economic development and science and technology innovation.However,the difference in the innovation cultivation environment between the two cities is an apparent shortcoming in the construction of the science and technology innovation corridor.Moreover,according to the coupling coordination evaluation of the"industry-city-innovation"system,the result shows that the overall coupling coordination degree of Xiamen City is generally high.The various counties and districts along the Xiamen-Quanzhou Science and Technology Inno-vation Corridor are mainly affected by the coupling of"city innovation",forming an obvious spatial agglomeration form.The influence of industrial elements is relatively weak.At the same time,the study uses the gray correlation analysis method to evaluate the factors influencing the coupling co-ordination degree.It is found that in terms of the degree of influence,city>industry>innovation,and the proportion of age population of labor force,the public service index,and the proportion of added value of the tertiary industry are key factors.Finally,considering the collaborative development with"industry-city-innovation"as the driving force,this study puts forward specific policy suggestions for the construction of the Xiamen-Quanzhou Science and Technology Innovation Corridor based on the coupling evaluation results,providing a reference for the future development of science and technologyinnovation corridors.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Youth Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education entitled “Research on Scope Identification and Integral Spatial Construction of Cultural Corridor of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal (Jiangnan Section)”(No. 24C10332002)。
文摘Harbin, a typical emerging colonial city in modern times, has drawn worldwide attention due to its quick transformation from a fishing village to a modern globalized metropolis. With Harbin and its urban planning from 1898 to 1917 as the subject of study from the perspective of planning historiography, this paper probes into the driving force behind Harbin's early modern urban development, historical phasing and characteristics of its urban planning, as well as evolution of planning and construction activities during this period. The findings reveal that Harbin's urban planning and construction activities were closely linked to Russia's political and economic interests and also reflected the political game between the powers led by Japan and Russia in the Manchurian region.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52078343)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.20ZR1462200)。
文摘In China,in recent years it has become a prevailing trend to promote the spatial maturity and high-quality transformation of new towns,yet there are few quantitative methods to evaluate their urban morphological maturity.From the perspective of quantitative urban morphology,this paper integrates street view data and cutting-edge analytical techniques into classic urban morphological study and develops a quantitative index for evalu-ating urban morphological maturity that fits Chinese cities by adjusting the indicators in line with the unique characteristics of the built environment ofChinese cities.Focusing on five new towns,as well as a historic area,of Shanghai,the paper evaluates their urban morphological maturity with this quantitative index and verifies its validity by comparing the evaluation result with that of expert consensus.It then proposes some design guidelines that may provide robust support for the regeneration of these new towns.Given its reliance on the multi-source data of open access and ready avail-ability,this index holds promise for evaluating the urban morphological maturity of other new towns,to provide support for urban form improvement frombothholisticanddetailed perspectives.
文摘Urban agglomeration plays a vital role in fostering high-quality and sustainable development in China,where urbanization rates signifi-cantly influence both urban and rural environments,generating different economic and socio-spatial impacts that,in turn,influence carbon emissions in cities.To delve into the influencing mechanisms of carbon emissions,this paper examines the spatio-temporal pattern of carbon emissions across 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in China.It utilizes data on economic,social,and spatial factors from 2012 to 2019 and employs a spatial econometric regression model for analysis.The results indicate that carbon emissions of cities in the urban agglomeration exhibited strong spatial correlation from 2012 to 2019,characterized by relatively stable cold and hot spots,along with continuous outward spread of high-value zones.Economic and social factors demonstrate a significant positive spatial correlation with carbon emissions of a city,with weak spatial spillover effects.Spatial factors exhibit correlations with carbon emissions in both the city and neighboring cities,with strong spatial spillover effects.Moreover,the spatial layout and functional division of cities in the urban agglomeration also significantly impact the spatio-temporal pattern of carbon emissions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 7227419742371238)。
文摘Against the backdrop of China's socio-economic transition, there is a growing imperative to examine neighborhood renovation initiatives in addressing the emerging needs of residents. Developing Granovetter's classic work on embeddedness, this paper proposes a conceptual framework of spatial embeddedness to understand changes in the physical space brought about by neighborhood renovation, in order to explore how it affects residents' satisfaction in a dynamic temporal and spatial process. It presents whether and why residents' real feelings produced from their interaction with neighborhood renovation are(un)different, and how their feelings are shaped based on six months of fieldwork in a danwei neighborhood in Xi'an, China. The paper conceptualizes the relationship between the neighborhood space and embeddedness by adopting spatial embeddedness to capture the interplay of temporal, spatial, and social factors in the process of danwei neighborhood renovation. This framework not only integrates multiple perspectives and scales, but also reflects different levels of residents' satisfaction, trying to establish a connection between the abstract space and the renovation space. It suggests that spatial embeddedness should be considered as a response to the negative social impacts resulting from changes in the physical space in neighborhood renovation.
基金the Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China entitled Big Data-Based Spatio-Temporal Spatial Planning Methods for Enhancing Governance Capacity(No.52078389).
文摘Global climate change,driven by increasing carbon emissions,has posed a significant challenge to both human survival and development,becoming a major issue for the sustainable progress of human society.This paper examines the characteristics and differences in the spatio-temporal distribution of carbon emissions and sinks across Wuhan Region that is stratified into three spatial levels:Hubei Province,the Wuhan Metropolitan Area,and Wuhan City.On a finer spatial scale within Wuhan,it uncovers the spatial correlations and disparities between carbon emissions and sinks.Accordingly,the paper proposes strategies and suggestions for reducing carbon emissions and enhancing carbon sinks at the provincial,metropolitan,and municipal levels.These findings are valuable for sustainable regional development and construction of low-carbon eco-cities.
文摘Caregivers,i.e.,parents,grandparents,and anyone caring for children,make up the majority of users in many urban centers around the world,including in China.Yet urban design and planning rarely consider specific needs of caregivers.This can result in a negative perception among people that cities are unfriendly places to raise children.Such negative perception is among the major contributors to the aging population problem,as parents and parents-to-be feel reluctant to give birth and raise more than one or even any children.Using an interdisciplinary approach,i.e.,cognitive science,psychology,behavioral economics,and urban studies,this paper examines a new city model of"parent-friendly city,"where urban design serves the needs of caregivers,effectively creating a perception that cities are friendly places for raising children.First,we identify that caregivers'needs are characterized by two major factors:provision:parents want to provide for their children,such as providing places for play and learning,and@restoration:parents want to restore things that they lack due to childcare responsibilities,such as lack of rest and interaction with other adults.Second,we offer cognitive-based design principles that can work powerfully and effectively to fll both needs.Third,using real case studies from cities in China and around the world,we illustrate how these design principles work,even reversing caregivers'perception from negative to positive.Ultimately,thoughtful urban design can support parents in raising children,making cities into partners in parenthood.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52008336 and No.52008335).
文摘Compared with the stock-land exploitation of developed regions in eastern China,the development path in the western regions still relies on land expansion.Among them,Shaanxi stands out as an early-developing region with the highest comprehensive social and economic development level in the west,presenting a more significant and typical phenomenon of urban expansion.This paper utilizes remote sensing image data and socio-economic statistical data,employing mathematical and statistical analysis methods to examine the types and patterns of urban spatial expansion in Shaanxi over multiple years.It also summarizes the laws of expansion and subsequently delves into the driving factors of the spatial expansion.The result shows that the important driving factors of urban expansion in Shaanxi include natural geographical conditions,the economic development basis,the development of new towns and new areas,the drive of large-scale projects,and the guidance of urban and rural planning.The differences in driving factors between the east and west can be explained by the stages of regional development and the effects of administrative boundaries.This research aims to provide localized insights into the rational regulation of urban spatial evolution and efficient land use in similar regions and late-developing regions inwestern China.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Fund of Ministry of Education (No. 24A10056036)the Research Fund of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (No. 202405000103)。
文摘Community residents are important stakeholders in preserving historic districts. This paper introduces the extended theory of planned behavior to explore the intentions of residents to participate in heritage preservation, and further explains the influencing factors. Seven historic districts in Tianjin are selected as case studies. The results show that the residents' intentions to preserve heritage are positively influenced by three subjective perception factors of heritage preservation attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, as well as two objective situational factors of environmental quality of historic district and policy guidance for heritage preservation. Furthermore, the objective situational factors indirectly influence heritage preservation intentions through the subjective perception factors. Based on these findings, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions to enhance the heritage preservation intentions of community residents.
文摘With China's urbanization entering a stage of high-quality development,refined urban governance has become an important part in the modernization of governance capacity,in which urban design plays a major role.This paper briefly reviews the background of urban design digi-talization and discusses the issues that need to be addressed in digital management and control of urban design in China.On this basis,the paper summarizes the practice of digital management and control of urban design in Zhuhai in three aspects:building a rule base for digital management and control,developing a 3D quantitative analysis method for urban space from the macro,meso,and micro perspectives,and establishing a digital urban design management platform and storing 2D and 3D urban design schemes in the database according to unified standards,so as to realize the standardized management,intelligent review,and scientific decision-making of urban design.
文摘With the focus of urban regeneration gradually shifting to the community level, community regeneration has become an important path for improving residents' quality of life and the governance of grassroots society. How to innovate the governance model and how to improve the community public space utilization efficiency become vital questions. From the perspective of property rights regime, this paper puts forward the theoretical framework of “property rights regime-governance model-space utilization,” and argues that the property rights regime can be adjusted through the subdivision of property rights, which can change the governance model of public space and affect the space utilization efficiency. Through an in-depth investigation of the community regeneration of Shanghai KIC Garden, this study finds that different property rights regimes affect the process and results of collective action in public space governance, and the monocentric governance model formed by the concentration of governmental power can easily lead to the governance dilemmas such as rent-seeking, ineffective supervision, and information asymmetry. By subdividing and decentralizing property rights, social organizations, and community residents can be introduced to participate in the process of spatial governance, so as to facilitate the sinking of governance centers to the grassroots level and form a polycentric governance model. Moreover, multiple stakeholders can be motivated to make full use of public space through the property rights regime adjustment, and the public space utilization efficiency can be enhanced as a result.
文摘During rapid urbanization, megacities see disparities in the spatial distribution of basic public service facilities and the urban built environment. Current research on basic public service facilities focuses on equal spatial distribution, leading to the overlook of their match with the surrounding built environment. Based on a case study on education, healthcare, and elderly care facilities in Chengdu central urban area, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution of these facilities and the built environment, and examines their spatial matching degree using a bivariate spatial autocorrelation model. The findings reveal the following insights: firstly, education and healthcare facilities present a “one core and multi-center” spatial distribution pattern, with the city center serving as the core and suburban subdistricts acting as the multiple centers, while elderly care facilities present a core-edge distribution pattern in contrast;secondly, the built environment presents a core-edge radial distribution pattern, with the city center acting as the nucleus that connects suburban subdistricts;thirdly, the spatial matching degree between the facilities and the urban built environment from the city center outwards is characterized by high, low, medium, and high levels. Notably, a significant spatial mismatch is observed in urban-rural transitional zones. In light of these findings, the paper comes to a conclusion that during urbanization, the efforts to equalize basic public service facilities in the urban-rural transitional zones may lead to spatial mismatches, to which urban planners and managers should pay close attention.
文摘As Chinese cities undergo a transition from incremental development to retrofit development and urban governance tends to be more refined, the renovation mode of old residential communities is also under the transformation from large-scale bulldozer demolition and reconstruction to small-scale refined renovation and regeneration. However, the practice of micro community renovation has encountered a number of challenges throughout the implementation process, including conflicts between multiple stakeholders in the initial stage of planning, unconcordance between different implementation bodies in the intermediate stage of construction, and the lack of guarantee mechanisms in the later stage of maintenance.Based on the concept of life cycle, this paper divides the practical process of micro community renovation into seven steps, i.e., establishing communal platforms, identifying community features, cultivating communal organizations, designing community activities, formulating planning schemes,conducting participatory constructions, and establishing long-lasting mechanisms. It takes the Gejiaying Community in Wuhan as a case to verify the above analysis, in the hope of providing a reference for the current practice of urban regeneration and community renovation in China.
文摘Urban Regeneration Institutions and Beijing’s Exploration:Multiple Stakeholders,Capital Source,Physical Space,and Operational Service Authors:Tang Yan,Zhang Lu,and Yin Xiaoyong Year:2023 Publisher:China Architecture&Building Press ISBN:9787507435603(300 pages,in Chinese)The mode shift of urban development from“incremental expansion”to“stock regeneration”is inevitable when the urbanization process enters the middle and later stages.In China,it has been considered as an important national strategy in the new period,as well as a key field for innovation and exploration in various cities,to take urban regeneration as a means to achieve the goals of optimizing urban functions,improving space quality,promoting economic and social development,and enhancing people’s sense of well-being.While promoting the high-quality development of cities,urban regeneration practices have shifted from large-scale demolition and reconstruction to small-scale micro-regeneration,from the development-focused approach to multi-objective approaches,and from government-led to joint governance and sharing,which have made the pursuit of comprehensive values,the participation of multiple stakeholders,and the balance of various benefits in urban regeneration the hot topics in the current society.
