The transfer of pressurized water reactor(PWR)technology from France to China is an important event in the history of Sino-French scientific and technological relations.China has gradually achieved self-reliance in th...The transfer of pressurized water reactor(PWR)technology from France to China is an important event in the history of Sino-French scientific and technological relations.China has gradually achieved self-reliance in the field of PWR technology through the introduction and subsequent absorption of France's 900 MW reactors.Compared with the process of introducing and absorbing similar technology from the United States by France,China's experience has been more complicated.This circumstance reflects the differences in the nuclear power technology systems between the two countries.France's industrial strength and early acquisition of nuclear power technology laid a solid foundation for mastering PWR technology.On the other hand,although China established a weak foundation through the implementation of the"728 Project,"and tried hard to negotiate with France,the substantive content of the technology transfer was very limited.By way of the policy transition from"unhooking of technology and trade"to"integration of technology and trade,"China ultimately accomplished the absorption and innovation of PWR technology through the Ling'ao NPP.展开更多
The careers of three Chinese physicists,Hu Ning,Ma Shijun,and Peng Huanwu at the Dublin Institute for Advance Studies in the 1940s,and later,are described.A brief history of the foundation and operations of the instit...The careers of three Chinese physicists,Hu Ning,Ma Shijun,and Peng Huanwu at the Dublin Institute for Advance Studies in the 1940s,and later,are described.A brief history of the foundation and operations of the institute,as well as the roles in it of Erwin Schrodinger,Walter Heitler,Max Born,and others are included.Some details are given of the works carried out there.The three men's post-institute careers are described,Ma eventually in Australia,and Hu and Peng in the People's Republic of China where they became distinguished leaders of theoretical physics research.展开更多
It was generally accepted that manuscript maps,as distinct from printed maps,exhibited no signs of printing and were entirely hand-drawn.Western scholars Christopher Terrell and Tony Campbell were the first to break t...It was generally accepted that manuscript maps,as distinct from printed maps,exhibited no signs of printing and were entirely hand-drawn.Western scholars Christopher Terrell and Tony Campbell were the first to break this stereotype in 1987,followed by Catherine Delano-Smith and Chet Van Duzer who discovered a few Renaissance maps and two Qing dynasty maps that showed use of hand stamps.Inspired by these findings,this paper explores the stamped map signs in ten Chinese maps,three Japanese maps,and three Korean maps.By analyzing each map and each type of stamp,this paper provides more examples of this research,broadens the research horizons and geographical area,and demonstrates that use of stamps in manuscript maps was invented independently among people of different regions and civilizations as a result of human nature.展开更多
The November 1948 open session of the Institute of Geological Sciences AS USSR was previously unknown,in contrast to the August 1948 session of VASKhNIL.The publication of the transcript of the session of geologists i...The November 1948 open session of the Institute of Geological Sciences AS USSR was previously unknown,in contrast to the August 1948 session of VASKhNIL.The publication of the transcript of the session of geologists is based on the original verified transcript from the Geological Institute and the Archive RAS.It presented reports on the main scientific directions of geology:stratigraphy,the Quaternary geology,lithology,geotectonics,petrography and petrology,mineralogy and geochemistry,and the geology of ore and coal deposits.This thick book details all the Q&A sessions,discussions of theories,methods,and practice among the leading Soviet geoscientists.The session and its resolution describe the situation and development of geology in the USSR in the mid-twentieth century as well as the collateral impact of the Lysenko affair on the earth sciences in the USSR.展开更多
The idea of the hypothetical Magellanica Continent(Terra Australis Incognita)was introduced into China by the Jesuit missionaries during the seventeenth century.While not accepted by the Chinese government,it was affi...The idea of the hypothetical Magellanica Continent(Terra Australis Incognita)was introduced into China by the Jesuit missionaries during the seventeenth century.While not accepted by the Chinese government,it was affirmed and transmitted to the public by a few Chinese scholars,including Feng Yingjing,Cheng Bai'er,Zhang Huang,Xiong Mingyu,Xiong Renlin,You Yi,Zhou Yuqi,Jie Xuan,Wang Honghan,and Ye Zipei.Most of them communicated closely with the Jesuit missionaries,and several even helped the missionaries compose the maps.The concept was updated progressively by Matteo Ricci,Giulio Aleni,Johann Adam Schall von Bell,Francesco Sambiasi,and Ferdinand Verbiest.Chinese scholars copied the missionaries'relevant maps and textual introductions without much modification.However,they paid little attention to advancements in the idea,and many of them circulated outdated knowledge.It was not until the middle-and late-nineteenth century that Chinese scholars reexamined the correctness of this hypothetical continent.展开更多
Pre-modern Chinese crafts,such as iron smelting,cookery,medicine,and the production of vehicles,bows,and arrows indicate the traditional Chinese view of technology as being organic,holistic,and comprehensive.This view...Pre-modern Chinese crafts,such as iron smelting,cookery,medicine,and the production of vehicles,bows,and arrows indicate the traditional Chinese view of technology as being organic,holistic,and comprehensive.This view of technology is guided by the concept of he(和)and employs the means and methods of he,thus achieving the purport of he.In Chinese,the character he(和)possesses positive connotations.It originated from the meaning of"to season;to add flavoring to"(调和)and that of flavors being"perfectly harmonious"(和美).From this sensory experience,he gradually extended to the abstract levels of materiality,humanity,sociality,"order"(wei位),and "power,situation,force"(shi势).Finally,he was elevated to the supreme level of"qi of great harmony"(taihe zhi qi太和之气),which is comparable to the concept of dao(道).The philosophy of he has exerted wide impact on such areas as technology,art,national character,cultural psychology,and behavior patterns,and has become an integral part of China's inherent culture.The paradoxes and deviations of he hold their own profound philosophical implications that merit further exploration.As humanity confronts significant challenges,such as how we can coexist with others,with technology,and with nature,the ancient Eastern wisdom embodied in he continues to possess practical characteristics and value.展开更多
1 Preparation of manuscripts The manuscript should be prepared with a major word processing program and the file also submitted as a PDF (to clearly indicate all fonts). Please provide the author’s affiliation (addre...1 Preparation of manuscripts The manuscript should be prepared with a major word processing program and the file also submitted as a PDF (to clearly indicate all fonts). Please provide the author’s affiliation (address and email), an abstract of 150–300 words presenting the main arguments of the paper, 4–8 keywords, high-resolution figures (with permissions),acknowledgments and references.展开更多
Aims and Scope Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology (CAHST) aims at further research on the formation and development of science and technology in China,and will disseminate the communication and intera...Aims and Scope Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology (CAHST) aims at further research on the formation and development of science and technology in China,and will disseminate the communication and interaction on science and technology between China and other parts of the world.CAHST encourages studies with different perspectives and approaches,especially interdisciplinary research and cross-cultural and transnational studies on the history of science and knowledge,including issues of dissemination and transformation that go beyond the Chinese tradition.We hope that CAHST will bring to the international academic community a new understanding of the diversity and global character of science and technology.展开更多
The manuscript should be prepared with a major word processing program and the file also submitted as a PDF(to clearly indicate all fonts).Please provide the author's affiliation(address and email),an abstract of ...The manuscript should be prepared with a major word processing program and the file also submitted as a PDF(to clearly indicate all fonts).Please provide the author's affiliation(address and email),an abstract of 150-300 words presenting the main arguments of the paper,4-8 keywords,high-resolution figures(with permissions),acknowledgments and references.展开更多
VJictor Seow's Carbon Technocracy:Energy Regimes in Modern East Asia is both a landmark study of coal,energy,and industrial development in the making of modern East Asia,including Japan and China,and a model for s...VJictor Seow's Carbon Technocracy:Energy Regimes in Modern East Asia is both a landmark study of coal,energy,and industrial development in the making of modern East Asia,including Japan and China,and a model for scholars to(re)think doing history of science and technology in view of the climate crisis.展开更多
From June 24 to June 25,"The Establishment and Development of the Discipline of History of Science and Technology in China:Symposium Commemorating the130th Anniversary of the Births of Li Yan and Qian Baocong&quo...From June 24 to June 25,"The Establishment and Development of the Discipline of History of Science and Technology in China:Symposium Commemorating the130th Anniversary of the Births of Li Yan and Qian Baocong"was held at the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IHNS,CAS).Financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the symposium was jointly held by the IHNS,CAS and the Chinese Mathematical Society(CMS),and was chaired by Academician Tian Gang田刚(president of the CMS and director of the Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research)and Professor Guan Xiaowu关晓武(deputy director of the IHNS,CAS,who also presided over the work of the institute).展开更多
基金a phase study of a key project of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan of the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences:“A Comparative Study of the Sino-Foreign History of Scientific and Technological Innovation:The Road to Scientific and Technological Self-Reliance and Self-Improvement”,E2291J01。
文摘The transfer of pressurized water reactor(PWR)technology from France to China is an important event in the history of Sino-French scientific and technological relations.China has gradually achieved self-reliance in the field of PWR technology through the introduction and subsequent absorption of France's 900 MW reactors.Compared with the process of introducing and absorbing similar technology from the United States by France,China's experience has been more complicated.This circumstance reflects the differences in the nuclear power technology systems between the two countries.France's industrial strength and early acquisition of nuclear power technology laid a solid foundation for mastering PWR technology.On the other hand,although China established a weak foundation through the implementation of the"728 Project,"and tried hard to negotiate with France,the substantive content of the technology transfer was very limited.By way of the policy transition from"unhooking of technology and trade"to"integration of technology and trade,"China ultimately accomplished the absorption and innovation of PWR technology through the Ling'ao NPP.
文摘The careers of three Chinese physicists,Hu Ning,Ma Shijun,and Peng Huanwu at the Dublin Institute for Advance Studies in the 1940s,and later,are described.A brief history of the foundation and operations of the institute,as well as the roles in it of Erwin Schrodinger,Walter Heitler,Max Born,and others are included.Some details are given of the works carried out there.The three men's post-institute careers are described,Ma eventually in Australia,and Hu and Peng in the People's Republic of China where they became distinguished leaders of theoretical physics research.
文摘It was generally accepted that manuscript maps,as distinct from printed maps,exhibited no signs of printing and were entirely hand-drawn.Western scholars Christopher Terrell and Tony Campbell were the first to break this stereotype in 1987,followed by Catherine Delano-Smith and Chet Van Duzer who discovered a few Renaissance maps and two Qing dynasty maps that showed use of hand stamps.Inspired by these findings,this paper explores the stamped map signs in ten Chinese maps,three Japanese maps,and three Korean maps.By analyzing each map and each type of stamp,this paper provides more examples of this research,broadens the research horizons and geographical area,and demonstrates that use of stamps in manuscript maps was invented independently among people of different regions and civilizations as a result of human nature.
文摘The November 1948 open session of the Institute of Geological Sciences AS USSR was previously unknown,in contrast to the August 1948 session of VASKhNIL.The publication of the transcript of the session of geologists is based on the original verified transcript from the Geological Institute and the Archive RAS.It presented reports on the main scientific directions of geology:stratigraphy,the Quaternary geology,lithology,geotectonics,petrography and petrology,mineralogy and geochemistry,and the geology of ore and coal deposits.This thick book details all the Q&A sessions,discussions of theories,methods,and practice among the leading Soviet geoscientists.The session and its resolution describe the situation and development of geology in the USSR in the mid-twentieth century as well as the collateral impact of the Lysenko affair on the earth sciences in the USSR.
文摘The idea of the hypothetical Magellanica Continent(Terra Australis Incognita)was introduced into China by the Jesuit missionaries during the seventeenth century.While not accepted by the Chinese government,it was affirmed and transmitted to the public by a few Chinese scholars,including Feng Yingjing,Cheng Bai'er,Zhang Huang,Xiong Mingyu,Xiong Renlin,You Yi,Zhou Yuqi,Jie Xuan,Wang Honghan,and Ye Zipei.Most of them communicated closely with the Jesuit missionaries,and several even helped the missionaries compose the maps.The concept was updated progressively by Matteo Ricci,Giulio Aleni,Johann Adam Schall von Bell,Francesco Sambiasi,and Ferdinand Verbiest.Chinese scholars copied the missionaries'relevant maps and textual introductions without much modification.However,they paid little attention to advancements in the idea,and many of them circulated outdated knowledge.It was not until the middle-and late-nineteenth century that Chinese scholars reexamined the correctness of this hypothetical continent.
基金the support of the Center for Cultural Studies on Science and Technology in China at Technische Universitat Berlin。
文摘Pre-modern Chinese crafts,such as iron smelting,cookery,medicine,and the production of vehicles,bows,and arrows indicate the traditional Chinese view of technology as being organic,holistic,and comprehensive.This view of technology is guided by the concept of he(和)and employs the means and methods of he,thus achieving the purport of he.In Chinese,the character he(和)possesses positive connotations.It originated from the meaning of"to season;to add flavoring to"(调和)and that of flavors being"perfectly harmonious"(和美).From this sensory experience,he gradually extended to the abstract levels of materiality,humanity,sociality,"order"(wei位),and "power,situation,force"(shi势).Finally,he was elevated to the supreme level of"qi of great harmony"(taihe zhi qi太和之气),which is comparable to the concept of dao(道).The philosophy of he has exerted wide impact on such areas as technology,art,national character,cultural psychology,and behavior patterns,and has become an integral part of China's inherent culture.The paradoxes and deviations of he hold their own profound philosophical implications that merit further exploration.As humanity confronts significant challenges,such as how we can coexist with others,with technology,and with nature,the ancient Eastern wisdom embodied in he continues to possess practical characteristics and value.
文摘1 Preparation of manuscripts The manuscript should be prepared with a major word processing program and the file also submitted as a PDF (to clearly indicate all fonts). Please provide the author’s affiliation (address and email), an abstract of 150–300 words presenting the main arguments of the paper, 4–8 keywords, high-resolution figures (with permissions),acknowledgments and references.
文摘Aims and Scope Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology (CAHST) aims at further research on the formation and development of science and technology in China,and will disseminate the communication and interaction on science and technology between China and other parts of the world.CAHST encourages studies with different perspectives and approaches,especially interdisciplinary research and cross-cultural and transnational studies on the history of science and knowledge,including issues of dissemination and transformation that go beyond the Chinese tradition.We hope that CAHST will bring to the international academic community a new understanding of the diversity and global character of science and technology.
基金a phase achievement of the volume on history of science and technology under the Project for Compilation of the New General History of China,a Major Academic and Cultural Project of the National 14th Five-Year Plan。
基金a result of research project“The Western Scholars’Translations,Interpretations and Understandings since the Nineteenth Century of Mathematical Works in Ancient China”(十九世纪以来西方对中国古代算学著作的翻译、阐释与认识研究)(20CZS081)sponsored by“The National Social Science Fund of China(Youth Research Project)”the research project“The Practical Mathematics in Thirteenth-to-Sixteenth-Century China”(十三至十六世纪中国实用数学)(E2292G01)sponsored by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences
基金supported by both the DFG research project “Making Technology Appropriate:Technology Transfer from Germany to ChinaThe Case of Steam and Ordnance Technologies,1860–1980”the CAS research project “Creation and Dissemination of Scientific and Technological Knowledge”(科技知识的创造与传播)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China Project“Research on the Calendrical Practice and Operation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties”明清历算的实践与操作研究(Grant No.12173101)the National Social Science Fund of China for Lesser-Known Traditional Knowledge Project“Research on the Hui Hui Calendar”回回历法研究(Grant No.18VJX041)
基金supported by the volume on history of science and technology under the Project for the Compilation of the New General History of China,a Major Academic and Cultural Project of the National 14th Five-Year Planthe Project“A Comparative Study of the Sino-Foreign History of Scientific and Technological Innovation:The Road to Scientific and Technological SelfReliance and Self-Improvement”(E2291J01)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(Y2022058)~~
文摘The manuscript should be prepared with a major word processing program and the file also submitted as a PDF(to clearly indicate all fonts).Please provide the author's affiliation(address and email),an abstract of 150-300 words presenting the main arguments of the paper,4-8 keywords,high-resolution figures(with permissions),acknowledgments and references.
文摘VJictor Seow's Carbon Technocracy:Energy Regimes in Modern East Asia is both a landmark study of coal,energy,and industrial development in the making of modern East Asia,including Japan and China,and a model for scholars to(re)think doing history of science and technology in view of the climate crisis.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Fund of China“Pioneering and Laying the Foundation:Retrospect and Prospect of Mathematical History Research”(No.12242113)
文摘From June 24 to June 25,"The Establishment and Development of the Discipline of History of Science and Technology in China:Symposium Commemorating the130th Anniversary of the Births of Li Yan and Qian Baocong"was held at the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IHNS,CAS).Financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the symposium was jointly held by the IHNS,CAS and the Chinese Mathematical Society(CMS),and was chaired by Academician Tian Gang田刚(president of the CMS and director of the Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research)and Professor Guan Xiaowu关晓武(deputy director of the IHNS,CAS,who also presided over the work of the institute).
