With the recent progress in scientific research,the combination of chemotherapy and PD-1 blockade has become the new standard-of-care first-line treatment for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma....With the recent progress in scientific research,the combination of chemotherapy and PD-1 blockade has become the new standard-of-care first-line treatment for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.This short review highlights the recent important findings and challenges regarding the optimal chemotherapy backbone in combination with PD-1 blockade,biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy,treatment strategies beyond chemo-immunotherapy,and secondary resistance to chemo-immunotherapy in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.展开更多
Esophageal carcinoma(EC)is a common malignant tumor of the upper digestive tract worldwide.An analysis of the latest data from cancer centers in China showed that the incidence of EC and the number of deaths due to EC...Esophageal carcinoma(EC)is a common malignant tumor of the upper digestive tract worldwide.An analysis of the latest data from cancer centers in China showed that the incidence of EC and the number of deaths due to EC in China in 2015 were 266,000 and 188,000,respectively,ranking sixth(6.3%)and fourth(8.0%)among all malignant tumors.The early diagnosis and treatment of EC and standardized diagnosis and treatment are important tasks for EC healthcare professionals in various centers across the country.At present,the 8th edition of the EC staging system jointly released by Union for International Cancer Control(UICC)and American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)is the most recent,authoritative and widely used EC staging standard.The EC professional committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association also organizes the"EC Standardization Campaign in China"every year to promote the development of EC diagnostic and treatment norms throughout the country.Since 2011,the EC Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association has published the Guidelines for Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment of EC.Considering the increasing number of EC clinical studies and the continuous progress in diagnostic and treatment technologies in recent years,the updated Guidelines will include the latest progress in the diagnosis and treatment of EC,with a goal of promoting the forward development of EC diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.展开更多
Purpose Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor worldwide.In China,the ratio of rectal cancer to coloncancer in terms of incidence is close to 1:1.Low rectal cancer accounts for more than half of all cases of re...Purpose Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor worldwide.In China,the ratio of rectal cancer to coloncancer in terms of incidence is close to 1:1.Low rectal cancer accounts for more than half of all cases of rectal cancer.In recent years,the proportion of rectal cancer has trended downward,however the incidence of rectal cancer inyounger adults is increasing.The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Rectal Cancer were editedto help improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment in China.Methods This guideline has been prepared by consensuses reached by the CACA Committee of Colorectal CancerSociety,based on a careful review of the latest evidence including China’s studies,and referred to domestic and internationalrelative guidelines,also considered China’s specific national conditions and clinical practice.Results The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Rectal Cancer include the epidemiology of rectalcancer,prevention and screening,diagnosis,treatment of nonmetastatic and metastatic rectal cancer,follow-up,and whole-course rehabilitation management.Conclusion Committee of Colorectal Cancer Society,Chinese Anti-Cancer Association,standardizes the diagnosisand treatment of rectal cancer in China through the formulation of the CACA Guidelines.展开更多
Objective To understand the effects of clock gene BMAL1 and HIF-1α(Hypoxia inducible factor-1α)on proliferation,migration and sensitivity to radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells HONE1.At the same time,whet...Objective To understand the effects of clock gene BMAL1 and HIF-1α(Hypoxia inducible factor-1α)on proliferation,migration and sensitivity to radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells HONE1.At the same time,whether the biological clock gene BMAL1 can affect the expression of HIF-1αprotein was investigated.It will lay the foundation for further study on the correlation between clock gene BMAL1 and HIF pathway.Methods BMAL1 gene overexpression and interference lentivirus and HIF-1αgene interference lentivirus were constructed respectively,and were transfected into nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells HONE1.Western blot was used to verify the establishment of overexpressed and knockdown BMAL1 cell lines and HIF-1αgene knockdown cell line,and to investigate the expression of HIF-1αprotein in overexpressed and knockdown BMAL1 cell lines.CCK-8 cell proliferation test and scratch test were used to analyze the proliferation and migration ability of cells.Cell apoptosis after radiotherapy was analyzed by flow cytometry.The effects of BMAL1 and HIF-1αon the sensitivity of HONE1 radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells after X-ray irradiation at different doses(0Gy,2Gy,4Gy,6Gy)were detected by clone formation assay.Results The overexpression of BMAL1 gene and lentivirus interference were constructed to effectively up regulate and down regulate the expression of BMAL1 protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells HONE1.Meanwhile,HIF-1αgene interference lentivirus was constructed to effectively down-regulate the expression of HIF-1αprotein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HONE1,and successfully screen out stable nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines.Western blot results showed that overexpression of BMAL1 gene could inhibit the expression of HIF-1αprotein in HONE1 of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells,while knockdown of BMAL1 gene promoted the expression of HIF-1αprotein in HONE1 of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells(P<0.05).CCK-8 cell proliferation and scratch test showed that overexpression of BMAL1 gene or knockdown of HIF-1αgene could inhibit the proliferation and migration of HONE1 cells(P<0.05).Flow cytometry results showed that after 8Gy irradiation for 72 h,the apoptosis rate of BMALl gene overexpression group was higher than that of the overexpression control group,similarly,the apoptosis rate of HIF-1αgene knockdown group was higher than that of the knockdown control group(P<0.05).After X-ray irradiation at different doses(0Gy,2Gy,4Gy,6Gy),clon-formation experiment showed that the clon-formation rate and cell survival fraction of BMALl overexpression group or HIF-1αknockdown group were lower than those of negative control group(P<0.05).Sigmaplot analysis showed that the D0,Dq and SF2 of the BMAL1 overexpression group or HIF-1αknockdown group were lower than those of the negative control group,and the radiosensitization ratios were 1.381 and 1.063,respectively.Conclusion Overexpression of BMAL1 gene can inhibit the proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HONE1,increase apoptosis after radiotherapy and improve radiosensitivity.Knock down HIF-1αGene can inhibit the proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HONE1,increase apoptosis after radiotherapy and improve radiosensitivity.In nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells HONE1,overexpression of BMAL1 gene can inhibit the expression of HIF-1αprotein while knockdown of BMAL1 gene can promote the expression of HIF-1αprotein.展开更多
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancer with high mortality and morbilidity in East Asia,especially in China.In recent year,new treatment strategies for gastric cancer have developed.Immune check point inhibit...Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancer with high mortality and morbilidity in East Asia,especially in China.In recent year,new treatment strategies for gastric cancer have developed.Immune check point inhibitors(ICIs)have been detected as a new standard treatment in Gastric cancer,which helped to improve the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Attempts to combine immunotherapy have become one of the research focuses.In this article,application of immunotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy and translational treatment of gastric cnacer are reviewed.Which is expected to be a reference for comprehensive treatment plan of accurate treatment methods for gastric cancer patients.In order to provide experiences and reference to develop individualized treatment of gastric cancer in clinical practice.展开更多
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma(ACC)has been considered as a"quiet"tumor.It is typically malignancy arising from exocrine glands with poor long-term prognosis due to high rate of recurrence and distant metastasis.I...Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma(ACC)has been considered as a"quiet"tumor.It is typically malignancy arising from exocrine glands with poor long-term prognosis due to high rate of recurrence and distant metastasis.It is characterized by perineural infiltration,distant metastasis,and positive incision edge.Surgery is the first line treatment for ACC,followed by cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy as adjuvant treatments to avoid recurrence.But recurrence or metastasis still occurs in more than 50%ACC.Recurrent and/or metastasis(R/M)ACC is usually incurable,and no systemic agent has been found effective.With the widespread use of whole exome sequencing(WES)and whole genome sequencing(WGS),its internal oncogenic mechanism is gradually revealed,which involving molecular mutations such as the MYB family gene translocation,Notch signal pathway,DNA damage repair(DDR)pathway and epigenetic molecular mutations.The review helps us to understand the linkage among the pathways and targeted genes in diagnosis and related treatment of ACC till now.展开更多
The occurrence and development of esophageal cancer(EC)is a multi-stage process involving from inflammation to invasive cancer.However,this process is very complex,and so far there are few relevant studies to reveal t...The occurrence and development of esophageal cancer(EC)is a multi-stage process involving from inflammation to invasive cancer.However,this process is very complex,and so far there are few relevant studies to reveal this process.Early diagnosis and treatment of EC is the focus of the early diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors project in China.How to screen EC in a lower cost and more efficient way deserves to be explored.Here,we reviewed the recent advances in the mechanisms of the occurrence and development,and early diagnosis and treatment of EC.展开更多
Purpose To analyze the long-term overall survival(OS)and influencing factors of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer(ESCC)under surgical treatment.Method We collected patients with ESCC who received surgical ...Purpose To analyze the long-term overall survival(OS)and influencing factors of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer(ESCC)under surgical treatment.Method We collected patients with ESCC who received surgical treatment in Sichuan Cancer Hospital&institute from January 2010 to December 2017,and selected 2,766 patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma with relatively complete follow-up results as the objects of this study.We analyzed the characteristics,postoperative complications and long-term OS results of those patients.Results Of the 2766 patients,81.6%were male,midthoracic esophageal cancer accounted for 53.5%.McKeown was used in 72.0%of patients and Ivor-Lewis was used in 26.4%of patients.About 47.8%of patients received minimally invasive esophagectomy(MIE).The overall complication rate was 25.8%.The 1-year,3-year and 5-year OS rates were 86.2%,57.5%and 46.8%,respectively.McKeown had a better long-term OS rate than Ivor-Lewis(49.5%vs 41.2%,P<0.001),and MIE is superior to open surgery(51.8%vs 42.5%,P<0.001).Conclusion McKeown has advantages over Ivor-Lewis.MIE results in better long-term survival outcomes for patients.But more prospective randomized controlled trials with large samples are needed.展开更多
Purpose Liquid biopsy is a promising technological method in patient management of early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The detection platforms exhibit high efficiency and related clinical applications also e...Purpose Liquid biopsy is a promising technological method in patient management of early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The detection platforms exhibit high efficiency and related clinical applications also emerge with high-quality performance.An overview of the current status is in need for an integrated perception on this field.Methods NSCLC takes up the largest proportion of lung cancer and there is a tendency for more early-stage patients in real practice.Hence,early-stage NSCLC participants occupy an important position in clinical work.Liquid biopsy,as a promising non-invasive detection method,had great potential in various aspects of the whole diagnosis-treatment procedure.We went through the landmark articles according to liquid biopsy in the field of early-stage NSCLC management and concluded the status quo of it.Results In this review,we summarized the improvement of the detection technologies regarding the most widely studied biomarkers and elucidated the current clinical applications of liquid biopsy in early detection,prognostic performance assessment,and predictive value respectively,in early-stage NSCLC patients.Conclusion Liquid biopsy has achieved favorable outcomes in different aspects of early-stage NSCLC.Although there are still barriers yet to conquer,liquid biopsy is a hopeful detection means to be put into clinical use.展开更多
Microbial-induced inflammation serves a dual role,safeguarding against pathogens but also posing a risk of secondary harm to host tissues,potentially leading to fibrosis and cancer.Beyond traditional pathogens,gut mic...Microbial-induced inflammation serves a dual role,safeguarding against pathogens but also posing a risk of secondary harm to host tissues,potentially leading to fibrosis and cancer.Beyond traditional pathogens,gut microbiota,the mutualistic microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract,crucial for digestion,immunity,and cancer prevention,can incite inflammation-related cancer when their microenvironment undergoes changes.Recent research reveals that microbiota members like Escherichia coli and other genotoxic pathogens can induce DNA damage across various cell types.Chronic infections involving microbiota members like Helicobacter spp.,linked to liver,colorectal,cervical cancers,and lymphoma,can activate carcinogenic processes.Inflammatory responses,driven by immune cells releasing inflammatory molecules like macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MMIF),superoxide peroxynitrite,pro-inflammatory cytokines,adhesion molecules,and growth factors,contribute to DNA damage and oncogenic mutations accumulation.This microenvironment further supports neoplastic cell survival and proliferation.This summary discusses the involvement of inflammatory pathways in microbial-triggered carcinogenesis and the potential role of microbiota modulation in cancer prevention.展开更多
Purpose In recent years,natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES)has gained widespread attention as an alternative approach.Although the safety and feasibility of NOSES have been well documented,many question...Purpose In recent years,natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES)has gained widespread attention as an alternative approach.Although the safety and feasibility of NOSES have been well documented,many questions remain open for discussion.The aim of this guideline is to provide more evidence for the promotion of NOSES.Methods This guideline has been prepared by the CACA Committee of Colorectal Cancer Society and the International NOSES Alliance,based on the latest evidence.Results The guideline on NOSES for colorectal cancer include the definition,classification,technology requirement,indications,technical difficulties and clinical research.Conclusion The guideline provides a full introduction of the theoretical and technical aspects of NOSES for colorectal cancer which will beneficial to development of NOSES.展开更多
Cancer immunotherapy represents a groundbreaking paradigm shift in the field of cancer treatment,harnessing the power of the immune system to combat cancer cells.As an innovative approach,it has shown immense promise ...Cancer immunotherapy represents a groundbreaking paradigm shift in the field of cancer treatment,harnessing the power of the immune system to combat cancer cells.As an innovative approach,it has shown immense promise and has revolutionized the way we perceive and treat cancer.This commentary aims to highlight the recent important advances in cancer immunotherapy,including immune checkpoint blockade therapy,chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy,T cell receptor-gene engineered T cell therapy,and tumor vaccines.展开更多
Purpose To investigate the methylation status and expression level of G protein-coupled receptor 135(GPR135)in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and determine its prognostic value.Methods The GPR135 methylation data of NPC...Purpose To investigate the methylation status and expression level of G protein-coupled receptor 135(GPR135)in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and determine its prognostic value.Methods The GPR135 methylation data of NPC and normal nasopharyngeal tissues were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)GSE52068 dataset.The GPR135 promoter region methylation level in four normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues and eight NPC tissues was detected by bisulfite sequencing.GPR135 expression in NPC and normal nasopharyngeal tissue was obtained from the GEO GSE13597 dataset.The GPR135 mRNA expression levels in 13 NPC and 26 healthy control tissues were assessed with quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).The GPR135 expression level in 124 NPC tissue sections was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.The correlation between GPR135 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed by a chi-square test.GPR135 expression in patients with NPC was evaluated by immunohistochemistry,and its influence on prognosis was assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses.Results The bisulfite sequencing demonstrated that the GPR135 promoter region was highly methylated in NPC tissues.The immunohistochemistry results revealed that patients with high GPR135 expression had better overall survival(hazard ratio[HR]=0.177,95%confidence interval[95%CI]:0.072–0.437,P=0.008),disease-free survival(HR=0.4401,95%CI:0.222–0.871,P=0.034),and local recurrence-free survival(HR=0.307,95%CI:0.119–0.790,P=0.046)than those with low GPR135 expression.Conclusion GPR135 is hypermethylated in NPC,where high GPR135 expression indicates a positive prognosis.Therefore,GPR135 might be a prognostic indicator.展开更多
Background The Philadelphia(Ph)chromosome is the hallmark chromosome aberration in chronic myeloid leukemia(CML),which confers the cancer phenotype of the disease.However,how the Ph chromosome forms and the genetic cl...Background The Philadelphia(Ph)chromosome is the hallmark chromosome aberration in chronic myeloid leukemia(CML),which confers the cancer phenotype of the disease.However,how the Ph chromosome forms and the genetic clonal evolution structure after targeted Ph treatment are still unclear.Methods In this study,we performed genome sequencing and clonal evolution analyses in a series of bone marrow specimens and skin biopsy from a CML patient who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from her sister,then relapsed(lymphoid blast crisis),and received Ph-targeted therapy.Results The Ph chromosome was the“driver”clonal change in the original CML and the relapse.Both the patient and her sister had micro-deletions in the BCR gene region;however,the patient had a frameshift BRIP1 mutation that may account for the malfunctioning homologous recombination DNA repair of the BCR gene region and formation of the Ph chromosome.Conclusion We found that the BCR-ABL1 translocation was the driving force of the patient’s CML and relapse.The malfunctioning double-strand DNA break repair caused by the BRIP1 mutation could be the cause of Ph chromosome formation in the patient.展开更多
Most of the patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancy are in the middle and advanced stages at diagnosis and the incidence rate is increasing in recent years.Chemotherapy alone is difficult to benefit the surviv...Most of the patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancy are in the middle and advanced stages at diagnosis and the incidence rate is increasing in recent years.Chemotherapy alone is difficult to benefit the survival of patients with advanced oral and maxillofacial malignancy.Ultrasound hyperthermia is a new and effective treatment for malignant tumor,which is developing rapidly in addition to conventional treatment.However,at present,ultrasound hyperthermia has not been widely used in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial malignancy.Therefore,formation of a guideline on ultrasound hyperthermia for oral and maxillofacial malignancy is mandatory,in order to promote and standardize the clinical practice of ultrasound hyperthermia in this field,and improve the long-term survival rate and quality of life of patients.展开更多
Objective Richter syndrome(RS)occurs in approximately 2–10%of chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)patients,more often during the disease course than at diagnosis,with a diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma(DLBCL)histology in 9...Objective Richter syndrome(RS)occurs in approximately 2–10%of chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)patients,more often during the disease course than at diagnosis,with a diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma(DLBCL)histology in 95%of cases.Despite great advances in the treatment of CLL in recent years,RS also develops in patients treated with novel agents,as summarized in our case report and review.Methods We summarized 3 patients with RS treated with immunochemotherapy combined with BTK inhibitor(BTKi)or BCL2 inhibitor(BCL2i)and reviewed the literature.Results Three RS patients were summarized.Patient 1 was transformed into DLBCL during dose reductions in ibrutinib and achieved bone marrow(BM)minimal residual disease(MRD)-negative complete response(CR)after rituximab etoposide,dexamethasone,doxorubicin,cyclophosphamide,and vincristine(R-EDOCH)combined with BTKi treatment and sustained progression-free survival(PFS)for more than 2 years.Patient 2,who transformed at the time of diagnosis,progressed after being treated with rituximab,cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,and prednisone(R-CHOP),followed by PD1 antibody combined with cytosine,arabinoside,cisplatin and dexamethasone(DHAP)treatment and PD1 antibody combined with ifosfamide,carboplatin,and etoposide(ICE)treatment.Patient 2 achieved CR after treatment with rituximab,gemcitabine,and oxaliplatin(R-GemOx)combined with BTKi.Patient 3,who transformed at the time of diagnosis with CARD11,TP53,and ATM mutations,progressed after being treated with R-EDOCH combined with BTKi and achieved MRD-negative CR after treatment with R-GemOx and venetoclax,which has continued for 3 months.We summarized new protocols utilizing targeted therapy,such as BTKi acalabrutinib,and checkpoint inhibition,and the potential role of precision medicine in future trials of RS treatment.The efficacy of these protocols as single agents or in combination with immunochemotherapy is currently being evaluated.Conclusion In our study,immunochemotherapy combined with BTKi or BCL2i achieved favorable efficacy in the treatment of RS.The treatments should be optimized by the combination of both chemotherapies and targeted therapy to develop a specific individual approach for each patient,according to previous treatment and biological characteristics.展开更多
Purpose Intensive postoperative chemotherapy treatment use in early-onset colon cancer and late-onset colon cancer remains to be defined and their effects on prognosis were unclear.This study aims to investigate wheth...Purpose Intensive postoperative chemotherapy treatment use in early-onset colon cancer and late-onset colon cancer remains to be defined and their effects on prognosis were unclear.This study aims to investigate whether intensive adjuvant chemotherapy for stageⅡcolon cancer would result in matched survival improvement in young patients(<50 years)without risk factors and old-aged(70–85 years)patients with risk factors defined by guidelines.Methods We extracted eligible patients with pathologically confirmed TNM stageⅡcolon cancer from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database between 2004 and 2015.Patients aged<50 years old without risk factors were defined as non-high-risk early-onset colon cancer(non-HREOCC),and those aged 70 to 85 years with risk factors were defined as high-risk late-onset colon cancer(HRLOCC).Kaplan–Meier(KM)method with log-rank test was performed to calculate the overall survival(OS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS).Multivariate Cox model was used to estimate the association of adjuvant chemotherapy with CSS by adjusting potential confounding factors.Results Of 55,366 eligible stageⅡcolon cancer patients,3341 non-HREOCC patients and 11,722 HRLOCC patients were included.37.68%and 16.8%of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy among non-HREOCC and HRLOCC patients,respectively.For non-HREOCC patients,there was no significant association between adjuvant chemotherapy and CSS(HR=1.09,95%CI0.83–1.44).For HRLOCC patients,adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a better CSS(HR=0.88,95%CI0.79–0.99).Conclusion Our findings suggested that potential overuse of adjuvant chemotherapy among non-high-risk young patients with stageⅡcolon cancer did not lead to survival improvement,and caution should be called when using chemotherapy in these patients.However,chemotherapy can be used appropriately for high-risk stageⅡcolon cancer patients aged 70 to 85 years.展开更多
Purpose A“one-size-fits-all”treatment recommendation is not advisable for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).This article aims to review the risk-stratified strategies and propose future directions in NPC.Results For low...Purpose A“one-size-fits-all”treatment recommendation is not advisable for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).This article aims to review the risk-stratified strategies and propose future directions in NPC.Results For low-risk NPC patients,a review of literature shows that de-escalation approaches can be generally categorized into de-escalating systemic therapy and de-escalating radiotherapy.Studies have explored the exemption of concurrent chemotherapy in stage II and T3N0M0 NPC patients,as well as sparing concurrent chemotherapy after induction chemotherapy in selected low-risk patients,changing the cisplatin-based chemotherapy schedules,and doses.De-escalation of radiotherapy involves a reduction in dose and clinical treatment volume(CTV).For high-risk patients,increasing treatment intensity is commonly used,including selecting appropriate patients to receive induction or adjuvant chemotherapy or adding targeted therapy to standard chemo-radiotherapy to improve survival.In many instances,these risk-stratified approaches are guided by the measurement of Epstein-Barr virus DNA levels and various image-based modalities.Immunotherapy has shown initial efficacy in recurrent or metastatic NPC patients.The treatment advances of ICIs monotherapy in Locoregionally advanced NPC have remained scarce,and several phase II and III anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody clinical trials are currently underway.Conclusions Various strategies for the risk-stratified treatment of NPC have been investigated and remain highly effective in most approaches.Optimization of patient selection is still critical,and both long-term oncological outcomes and late complications remain to be determined.More prospective,multi-institutional researches are needed to elucidate how best to individualize the treatment of NPC.展开更多
Purpose Skin cutaneous melanoma(SKCM)is a malignant tumor responsible for over 75%of skin cancer deaths,the relationship between fibrosis and cancer has been increasingly appreciated.The aim of this study is to invest...Purpose Skin cutaneous melanoma(SKCM)is a malignant tumor responsible for over 75%of skin cancer deaths,the relationship between fibrosis and cancer has been increasingly appreciated.The aim of this study is to investigate the fibrotic gene signature(FGS)in melanoma and construct a prognostic model based on FGS.Methods SKCM-related datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database and The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.By weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)of the TCGA-SKCM cohort and GSE65904 cohort,core modules and central genes highly associated with fibrotic features were identified and intersecting genes were defined as fibrotic gene signature(FGS).The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression analysis and the Akaike information criterion(AIC)method were conducted to construct a prognostic model based on the FGS gene set.The fibrotic gene signature enrichment score(FGES)and fibrotic gene signature risk score(FGRS)were used to analyze immune infiltration.For FGRS,the correlation between clinical characteristics and the expression of immune checkpoint genes between different risk groups was also analyzed in depth.Results A total of 301 genes were defined as FGS,and a robust eight-gene prediction model was constructed based on FGS,these 8 genes are SV2A,HEYL,OLFML2A,PROX1,ACOX2,PRRX1,PHACTR1 and LHX6.On the basis of the model,a nomogram consisting of FGRS could accurately predict prognosis.In addition,patients in the high-risk group showed immunosuppression,while patients in the low-risk group may benefit more from immunotherapy.However,there was no significant difference between the immune infiltration of different FGES groups.Conclusion In this study,taken together,we developed a fibrotic gene signature in melanoma,and construct an eight-gene prognostic model based on the FGS to provide a reference for prognosis estimation and treatment selection for melanoma patients.展开更多
Epigenetic alteration studies in cancer research have been progressing rapidly in recent years.DNA methylation,including DNA hypermethylation and DNA hypomethylation,is one of the main epigenetic alterations in head a...Epigenetic alteration studies in cancer research have been progressing rapidly in recent years.DNA methylation,including DNA hypermethylation and DNA hypomethylation,is one of the main epigenetic alterations in head and neck cancer development.Here,we review recent advances in DNA methylation and factors affecting DNA methylation,including DNA methylation enzymes,HPV status and smoking and drinking habits,in the field of head and neck cancer occurrence,progression,metastasis,and prognosis,hoping to shed light on how DNA methylation interacts with head and neck cancer and lay a foundation for future prognosis prediction and therapy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81,930,065,82,173,128)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2019-I2M-5–036).
文摘With the recent progress in scientific research,the combination of chemotherapy and PD-1 blockade has become the new standard-of-care first-line treatment for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.This short review highlights the recent important findings and challenges regarding the optimal chemotherapy backbone in combination with PD-1 blockade,biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy,treatment strategies beyond chemo-immunotherapy,and secondary resistance to chemo-immunotherapy in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
基金supported by China Anti-Cancer Association(CACA).
文摘Esophageal carcinoma(EC)is a common malignant tumor of the upper digestive tract worldwide.An analysis of the latest data from cancer centers in China showed that the incidence of EC and the number of deaths due to EC in China in 2015 were 266,000 and 188,000,respectively,ranking sixth(6.3%)and fourth(8.0%)among all malignant tumors.The early diagnosis and treatment of EC and standardized diagnosis and treatment are important tasks for EC healthcare professionals in various centers across the country.At present,the 8th edition of the EC staging system jointly released by Union for International Cancer Control(UICC)and American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)is the most recent,authoritative and widely used EC staging standard.The EC professional committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association also organizes the"EC Standardization Campaign in China"every year to promote the development of EC diagnostic and treatment norms throughout the country.Since 2011,the EC Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association has published the Guidelines for Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment of EC.Considering the increasing number of EC clinical studies and the continuous progress in diagnostic and treatment technologies in recent years,the updated Guidelines will include the latest progress in the diagnosis and treatment of EC,with a goal of promoting the forward development of EC diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.
文摘Purpose Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor worldwide.In China,the ratio of rectal cancer to coloncancer in terms of incidence is close to 1:1.Low rectal cancer accounts for more than half of all cases of rectal cancer.In recent years,the proportion of rectal cancer has trended downward,however the incidence of rectal cancer inyounger adults is increasing.The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Rectal Cancer were editedto help improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment in China.Methods This guideline has been prepared by consensuses reached by the CACA Committee of Colorectal CancerSociety,based on a careful review of the latest evidence including China’s studies,and referred to domestic and internationalrelative guidelines,also considered China’s specific national conditions and clinical practice.Results The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Rectal Cancer include the epidemiology of rectalcancer,prevention and screening,diagnosis,treatment of nonmetastatic and metastatic rectal cancer,follow-up,and whole-course rehabilitation management.Conclusion Committee of Colorectal Cancer Society,Chinese Anti-Cancer Association,standardizes the diagnosisand treatment of rectal cancer in China through the formulation of the CACA Guidelines.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 82060556,81560437the Department of Science and Technology,Guizhou Province,under grant number[2018]2755+3 种基金the Ordinary Colleges and Universities Youth Science and Technology Talent Growth Project,Guizhou Province,under grant number[2021]187The Health Commission Science and Technology Fund,Guizhou Provincial under grant number gzwkj2021-050Guizhou Medical University 2021 National Foundation Cultivation Project[20NSP041]the Hospital-level Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Cancer Hospital under grant number YJ2019-33.
文摘Objective To understand the effects of clock gene BMAL1 and HIF-1α(Hypoxia inducible factor-1α)on proliferation,migration and sensitivity to radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells HONE1.At the same time,whether the biological clock gene BMAL1 can affect the expression of HIF-1αprotein was investigated.It will lay the foundation for further study on the correlation between clock gene BMAL1 and HIF pathway.Methods BMAL1 gene overexpression and interference lentivirus and HIF-1αgene interference lentivirus were constructed respectively,and were transfected into nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells HONE1.Western blot was used to verify the establishment of overexpressed and knockdown BMAL1 cell lines and HIF-1αgene knockdown cell line,and to investigate the expression of HIF-1αprotein in overexpressed and knockdown BMAL1 cell lines.CCK-8 cell proliferation test and scratch test were used to analyze the proliferation and migration ability of cells.Cell apoptosis after radiotherapy was analyzed by flow cytometry.The effects of BMAL1 and HIF-1αon the sensitivity of HONE1 radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells after X-ray irradiation at different doses(0Gy,2Gy,4Gy,6Gy)were detected by clone formation assay.Results The overexpression of BMAL1 gene and lentivirus interference were constructed to effectively up regulate and down regulate the expression of BMAL1 protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells HONE1.Meanwhile,HIF-1αgene interference lentivirus was constructed to effectively down-regulate the expression of HIF-1αprotein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HONE1,and successfully screen out stable nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines.Western blot results showed that overexpression of BMAL1 gene could inhibit the expression of HIF-1αprotein in HONE1 of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells,while knockdown of BMAL1 gene promoted the expression of HIF-1αprotein in HONE1 of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells(P<0.05).CCK-8 cell proliferation and scratch test showed that overexpression of BMAL1 gene or knockdown of HIF-1αgene could inhibit the proliferation and migration of HONE1 cells(P<0.05).Flow cytometry results showed that after 8Gy irradiation for 72 h,the apoptosis rate of BMALl gene overexpression group was higher than that of the overexpression control group,similarly,the apoptosis rate of HIF-1αgene knockdown group was higher than that of the knockdown control group(P<0.05).After X-ray irradiation at different doses(0Gy,2Gy,4Gy,6Gy),clon-formation experiment showed that the clon-formation rate and cell survival fraction of BMALl overexpression group or HIF-1αknockdown group were lower than those of negative control group(P<0.05).Sigmaplot analysis showed that the D0,Dq and SF2 of the BMAL1 overexpression group or HIF-1αknockdown group were lower than those of the negative control group,and the radiosensitization ratios were 1.381 and 1.063,respectively.Conclusion Overexpression of BMAL1 gene can inhibit the proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HONE1,increase apoptosis after radiotherapy and improve radiosensitivity.Knock down HIF-1αGene can inhibit the proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HONE1,increase apoptosis after radiotherapy and improve radiosensitivity.In nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells HONE1,overexpression of BMAL1 gene can inhibit the expression of HIF-1αprotein while knockdown of BMAL1 gene can promote the expression of HIF-1αprotein.
基金supported by the joint fund for key projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20371).
文摘Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancer with high mortality and morbilidity in East Asia,especially in China.In recent year,new treatment strategies for gastric cancer have developed.Immune check point inhibitors(ICIs)have been detected as a new standard treatment in Gastric cancer,which helped to improve the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Attempts to combine immunotherapy have become one of the research focuses.In this article,application of immunotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy and translational treatment of gastric cnacer are reviewed.Which is expected to be a reference for comprehensive treatment plan of accurate treatment methods for gastric cancer patients.In order to provide experiences and reference to develop individualized treatment of gastric cancer in clinical practice.
基金National Key Research and Development Program 2017YFB1304300(Z.H.Z)Program of Medical Science and Technology of PLA LB20211A010038(X.Q)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China 81800939(S.J.L)Youth Incubation Program of Medical Science and Technology of PLA 21QNPY114(S.J.L).
文摘Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma(ACC)has been considered as a"quiet"tumor.It is typically malignancy arising from exocrine glands with poor long-term prognosis due to high rate of recurrence and distant metastasis.It is characterized by perineural infiltration,distant metastasis,and positive incision edge.Surgery is the first line treatment for ACC,followed by cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy as adjuvant treatments to avoid recurrence.But recurrence or metastasis still occurs in more than 50%ACC.Recurrent and/or metastasis(R/M)ACC is usually incurable,and no systemic agent has been found effective.With the widespread use of whole exome sequencing(WES)and whole genome sequencing(WGS),its internal oncogenic mechanism is gradually revealed,which involving molecular mutations such as the MYB family gene translocation,Notch signal pathway,DNA damage repair(DDR)pathway and epigenetic molecular mutations.The review helps us to understand the linkage among the pathways and targeted genes in diagnosis and related treatment of ACC till now.
文摘The occurrence and development of esophageal cancer(EC)is a multi-stage process involving from inflammation to invasive cancer.However,this process is very complex,and so far there are few relevant studies to reveal this process.Early diagnosis and treatment of EC is the focus of the early diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors project in China.How to screen EC in a lower cost and more efficient way deserves to be explored.Here,we reviewed the recent advances in the mechanisms of the occurrence and development,and early diagnosis and treatment of EC.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC2403400)International Cooperation Projects of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2020YFH0169)+2 种基金the Sichuan Key Research and Development Project from Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2023YFS0044,2023YFQ0055,2023YFQ0056,No.2021YJ0118)the Wu Jieping Clinical Research Projects(Grant No.320.6750.2020-15-3)Sichuan Province Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project。
文摘Purpose To analyze the long-term overall survival(OS)and influencing factors of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer(ESCC)under surgical treatment.Method We collected patients with ESCC who received surgical treatment in Sichuan Cancer Hospital&institute from January 2010 to December 2017,and selected 2,766 patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma with relatively complete follow-up results as the objects of this study.We analyzed the characteristics,postoperative complications and long-term OS results of those patients.Results Of the 2766 patients,81.6%were male,midthoracic esophageal cancer accounted for 53.5%.McKeown was used in 72.0%of patients and Ivor-Lewis was used in 26.4%of patients.About 47.8%of patients received minimally invasive esophagectomy(MIE).The overall complication rate was 25.8%.The 1-year,3-year and 5-year OS rates were 86.2%,57.5%and 46.8%,respectively.McKeown had a better long-term OS rate than Ivor-Lewis(49.5%vs 41.2%,P<0.001),and MIE is superior to open surgery(51.8%vs 42.5%,P<0.001).Conclusion McKeown has advantages over Ivor-Lewis.MIE results in better long-term survival outcomes for patients.But more prospective randomized controlled trials with large samples are needed.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)2022-I2M-C&T-B-120,Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2021RU002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92059203,No.82072566)+2 种基金Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project,Peking University,the Fundamental Research Funds for the CentralUniversities(PKU2023LCXQ008)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L222021)Peking University People’s Hospital Research and Development Funds(RZ2022-03).
文摘Purpose Liquid biopsy is a promising technological method in patient management of early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The detection platforms exhibit high efficiency and related clinical applications also emerge with high-quality performance.An overview of the current status is in need for an integrated perception on this field.Methods NSCLC takes up the largest proportion of lung cancer and there is a tendency for more early-stage patients in real practice.Hence,early-stage NSCLC participants occupy an important position in clinical work.Liquid biopsy,as a promising non-invasive detection method,had great potential in various aspects of the whole diagnosis-treatment procedure.We went through the landmark articles according to liquid biopsy in the field of early-stage NSCLC management and concluded the status quo of it.Results In this review,we summarized the improvement of the detection technologies regarding the most widely studied biomarkers and elucidated the current clinical applications of liquid biopsy in early detection,prognostic performance assessment,and predictive value respectively,in early-stage NSCLC patients.Conclusion Liquid biopsy has achieved favorable outcomes in different aspects of early-stage NSCLC.Although there are still barriers yet to conquer,liquid biopsy is a hopeful detection means to be put into clinical use.
文摘Microbial-induced inflammation serves a dual role,safeguarding against pathogens but also posing a risk of secondary harm to host tissues,potentially leading to fibrosis and cancer.Beyond traditional pathogens,gut microbiota,the mutualistic microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract,crucial for digestion,immunity,and cancer prevention,can incite inflammation-related cancer when their microenvironment undergoes changes.Recent research reveals that microbiota members like Escherichia coli and other genotoxic pathogens can induce DNA damage across various cell types.Chronic infections involving microbiota members like Helicobacter spp.,linked to liver,colorectal,cervical cancers,and lymphoma,can activate carcinogenic processes.Inflammatory responses,driven by immune cells releasing inflammatory molecules like macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MMIF),superoxide peroxynitrite,pro-inflammatory cytokines,adhesion molecules,and growth factors,contribute to DNA damage and oncogenic mutations accumulation.This microenvironment further supports neoplastic cell survival and proliferation.This summary discusses the involvement of inflammatory pathways in microbial-triggered carcinogenesis and the potential role of microbiota modulation in cancer prevention.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program for Young Scientists(Grant Number:2022YFC2505700)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(Grant Number:No.SZSM201911012).
文摘Purpose In recent years,natural orifice specimen extraction surgery(NOSES)has gained widespread attention as an alternative approach.Although the safety and feasibility of NOSES have been well documented,many questions remain open for discussion.The aim of this guideline is to provide more evidence for the promotion of NOSES.Methods This guideline has been prepared by the CACA Committee of Colorectal Cancer Society and the International NOSES Alliance,based on the latest evidence.Results The guideline on NOSES for colorectal cancer include the definition,classification,technology requirement,indications,technical difficulties and clinical research.Conclusion The guideline provides a full introduction of the theoretical and technical aspects of NOSES for colorectal cancer which will beneficial to development of NOSES.
文摘Cancer immunotherapy represents a groundbreaking paradigm shift in the field of cancer treatment,harnessing the power of the immune system to combat cancer cells.As an innovative approach,it has shown immense promise and has revolutionized the way we perceive and treat cancer.This commentary aims to highlight the recent important advances in cancer immunotherapy,including immune checkpoint blockade therapy,chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy,T cell receptor-gene engineered T cell therapy,and tumor vaccines.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation Key Projects of Guangxi[grant number 2018GXNSFDA050021]the“139”Talent Cultivation Plan Program of Guangxi Medical High-level Backbone,the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 82160479]+1 种基金the CSCO Youth Innovative Oncology Research Fund[grant number Y-Young2020-0520]the Scientific Research Program of the Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region[grant numbers Z20201200,Z20170816,Z20170207].
文摘Purpose To investigate the methylation status and expression level of G protein-coupled receptor 135(GPR135)in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and determine its prognostic value.Methods The GPR135 methylation data of NPC and normal nasopharyngeal tissues were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)GSE52068 dataset.The GPR135 promoter region methylation level in four normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues and eight NPC tissues was detected by bisulfite sequencing.GPR135 expression in NPC and normal nasopharyngeal tissue was obtained from the GEO GSE13597 dataset.The GPR135 mRNA expression levels in 13 NPC and 26 healthy control tissues were assessed with quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).The GPR135 expression level in 124 NPC tissue sections was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.The correlation between GPR135 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed by a chi-square test.GPR135 expression in patients with NPC was evaluated by immunohistochemistry,and its influence on prognosis was assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses.Results The bisulfite sequencing demonstrated that the GPR135 promoter region was highly methylated in NPC tissues.The immunohistochemistry results revealed that patients with high GPR135 expression had better overall survival(hazard ratio[HR]=0.177,95%confidence interval[95%CI]:0.072–0.437,P=0.008),disease-free survival(HR=0.4401,95%CI:0.222–0.871,P=0.034),and local recurrence-free survival(HR=0.307,95%CI:0.119–0.790,P=0.046)than those with low GPR135 expression.Conclusion GPR135 is hypermethylated in NPC,where high GPR135 expression indicates a positive prognosis.Therefore,GPR135 might be a prognostic indicator.
基金supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1001903)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 39870046,81270605,30971066,81470324)to J.C+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(92046014)Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Jointed Research Program(19JCZDJC64700)to W-D.L.
文摘Background The Philadelphia(Ph)chromosome is the hallmark chromosome aberration in chronic myeloid leukemia(CML),which confers the cancer phenotype of the disease.However,how the Ph chromosome forms and the genetic clonal evolution structure after targeted Ph treatment are still unclear.Methods In this study,we performed genome sequencing and clonal evolution analyses in a series of bone marrow specimens and skin biopsy from a CML patient who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from her sister,then relapsed(lymphoid blast crisis),and received Ph-targeted therapy.Results The Ph chromosome was the“driver”clonal change in the original CML and the relapse.Both the patient and her sister had micro-deletions in the BCR gene region;however,the patient had a frameshift BRIP1 mutation that may account for the malfunctioning homologous recombination DNA repair of the BCR gene region and formation of the Ph chromosome.Conclusion We found that the BCR-ABL1 translocation was the driving force of the patient’s CML and relapse.The malfunctioning double-strand DNA break repair caused by the BRIP1 mutation could be the cause of Ph chromosome formation in the patient.
文摘Most of the patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancy are in the middle and advanced stages at diagnosis and the incidence rate is increasing in recent years.Chemotherapy alone is difficult to benefit the survival of patients with advanced oral and maxillofacial malignancy.Ultrasound hyperthermia is a new and effective treatment for malignant tumor,which is developing rapidly in addition to conventional treatment.However,at present,ultrasound hyperthermia has not been widely used in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial malignancy.Therefore,formation of a guideline on ultrasound hyperthermia for oral and maxillofacial malignancy is mandatory,in order to promote and standardize the clinical practice of ultrasound hyperthermia in this field,and improve the long-term survival rate and quality of life of patients.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82200224 to LX)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021MH072 to LX).
文摘Objective Richter syndrome(RS)occurs in approximately 2–10%of chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)patients,more often during the disease course than at diagnosis,with a diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma(DLBCL)histology in 95%of cases.Despite great advances in the treatment of CLL in recent years,RS also develops in patients treated with novel agents,as summarized in our case report and review.Methods We summarized 3 patients with RS treated with immunochemotherapy combined with BTK inhibitor(BTKi)or BCL2 inhibitor(BCL2i)and reviewed the literature.Results Three RS patients were summarized.Patient 1 was transformed into DLBCL during dose reductions in ibrutinib and achieved bone marrow(BM)minimal residual disease(MRD)-negative complete response(CR)after rituximab etoposide,dexamethasone,doxorubicin,cyclophosphamide,and vincristine(R-EDOCH)combined with BTKi treatment and sustained progression-free survival(PFS)for more than 2 years.Patient 2,who transformed at the time of diagnosis,progressed after being treated with rituximab,cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,and prednisone(R-CHOP),followed by PD1 antibody combined with cytosine,arabinoside,cisplatin and dexamethasone(DHAP)treatment and PD1 antibody combined with ifosfamide,carboplatin,and etoposide(ICE)treatment.Patient 2 achieved CR after treatment with rituximab,gemcitabine,and oxaliplatin(R-GemOx)combined with BTKi.Patient 3,who transformed at the time of diagnosis with CARD11,TP53,and ATM mutations,progressed after being treated with R-EDOCH combined with BTKi and achieved MRD-negative CR after treatment with R-GemOx and venetoclax,which has continued for 3 months.We summarized new protocols utilizing targeted therapy,such as BTKi acalabrutinib,and checkpoint inhibition,and the potential role of precision medicine in future trials of RS treatment.The efficacy of these protocols as single agents or in combination with immunochemotherapy is currently being evaluated.Conclusion In our study,immunochemotherapy combined with BTKi or BCL2i achieved favorable efficacy in the treatment of RS.The treatments should be optimized by the combination of both chemotherapies and targeted therapy to develop a specific individual approach for each patient,according to previous treatment and biological characteristics.
基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226–2022-00009)the Project of the regional diagnosis and treatment center of the Health Planning Committee(No.JBZX-201903).
文摘Purpose Intensive postoperative chemotherapy treatment use in early-onset colon cancer and late-onset colon cancer remains to be defined and their effects on prognosis were unclear.This study aims to investigate whether intensive adjuvant chemotherapy for stageⅡcolon cancer would result in matched survival improvement in young patients(<50 years)without risk factors and old-aged(70–85 years)patients with risk factors defined by guidelines.Methods We extracted eligible patients with pathologically confirmed TNM stageⅡcolon cancer from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database between 2004 and 2015.Patients aged<50 years old without risk factors were defined as non-high-risk early-onset colon cancer(non-HREOCC),and those aged 70 to 85 years with risk factors were defined as high-risk late-onset colon cancer(HRLOCC).Kaplan–Meier(KM)method with log-rank test was performed to calculate the overall survival(OS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS).Multivariate Cox model was used to estimate the association of adjuvant chemotherapy with CSS by adjusting potential confounding factors.Results Of 55,366 eligible stageⅡcolon cancer patients,3341 non-HREOCC patients and 11,722 HRLOCC patients were included.37.68%and 16.8%of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy among non-HREOCC and HRLOCC patients,respectively.For non-HREOCC patients,there was no significant association between adjuvant chemotherapy and CSS(HR=1.09,95%CI0.83–1.44).For HRLOCC patients,adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a better CSS(HR=0.88,95%CI0.79–0.99).Conclusion Our findings suggested that potential overuse of adjuvant chemotherapy among non-high-risk young patients with stageⅡcolon cancer did not lead to survival improvement,and caution should be called when using chemotherapy in these patients.However,chemotherapy can be used appropriately for high-risk stageⅡcolon cancer patients aged 70 to 85 years.
基金supported by the Beijing hope run fund(grant number LC2021L06).
文摘Purpose A“one-size-fits-all”treatment recommendation is not advisable for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).This article aims to review the risk-stratified strategies and propose future directions in NPC.Results For low-risk NPC patients,a review of literature shows that de-escalation approaches can be generally categorized into de-escalating systemic therapy and de-escalating radiotherapy.Studies have explored the exemption of concurrent chemotherapy in stage II and T3N0M0 NPC patients,as well as sparing concurrent chemotherapy after induction chemotherapy in selected low-risk patients,changing the cisplatin-based chemotherapy schedules,and doses.De-escalation of radiotherapy involves a reduction in dose and clinical treatment volume(CTV).For high-risk patients,increasing treatment intensity is commonly used,including selecting appropriate patients to receive induction or adjuvant chemotherapy or adding targeted therapy to standard chemo-radiotherapy to improve survival.In many instances,these risk-stratified approaches are guided by the measurement of Epstein-Barr virus DNA levels and various image-based modalities.Immunotherapy has shown initial efficacy in recurrent or metastatic NPC patients.The treatment advances of ICIs monotherapy in Locoregionally advanced NPC have remained scarce,and several phase II and III anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody clinical trials are currently underway.Conclusions Various strategies for the risk-stratified treatment of NPC have been investigated and remain highly effective in most approaches.Optimization of patient selection is still critical,and both long-term oncological outcomes and late complications remain to be determined.More prospective,multi-institutional researches are needed to elucidate how best to individualize the treatment of NPC.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants(No.8197102109).
文摘Purpose Skin cutaneous melanoma(SKCM)is a malignant tumor responsible for over 75%of skin cancer deaths,the relationship between fibrosis and cancer has been increasingly appreciated.The aim of this study is to investigate the fibrotic gene signature(FGS)in melanoma and construct a prognostic model based on FGS.Methods SKCM-related datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database and The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.By weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)of the TCGA-SKCM cohort and GSE65904 cohort,core modules and central genes highly associated with fibrotic features were identified and intersecting genes were defined as fibrotic gene signature(FGS).The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression analysis and the Akaike information criterion(AIC)method were conducted to construct a prognostic model based on the FGS gene set.The fibrotic gene signature enrichment score(FGES)and fibrotic gene signature risk score(FGRS)were used to analyze immune infiltration.For FGRS,the correlation between clinical characteristics and the expression of immune checkpoint genes between different risk groups was also analyzed in depth.Results A total of 301 genes were defined as FGS,and a robust eight-gene prediction model was constructed based on FGS,these 8 genes are SV2A,HEYL,OLFML2A,PROX1,ACOX2,PRRX1,PHACTR1 and LHX6.On the basis of the model,a nomogram consisting of FGRS could accurately predict prognosis.In addition,patients in the high-risk group showed immunosuppression,while patients in the low-risk group may benefit more from immunotherapy.However,there was no significant difference between the immune infiltration of different FGES groups.Conclusion In this study,taken together,we developed a fibrotic gene signature in melanoma,and construct an eight-gene prognostic model based on the FGS to provide a reference for prognosis estimation and treatment selection for melanoma patients.
基金supported by the Sichuan University-Panzhihua City 2021 Campus Cooperation Special Fund Project[grant number 2021CDPZH-7].
文摘Epigenetic alteration studies in cancer research have been progressing rapidly in recent years.DNA methylation,including DNA hypermethylation and DNA hypomethylation,is one of the main epigenetic alterations in head and neck cancer development.Here,we review recent advances in DNA methylation and factors affecting DNA methylation,including DNA methylation enzymes,HPV status and smoking and drinking habits,in the field of head and neck cancer occurrence,progression,metastasis,and prognosis,hoping to shed light on how DNA methylation interacts with head and neck cancer and lay a foundation for future prognosis prediction and therapy.
