Cropping structure has a close relationship with the optimal allocation of agricultural water resources. Based on the analysis of the relationship between agricultural water resources and sustainable development, this...Cropping structure has a close relationship with the optimal allocation of agricultural water resources. Based on the analysis of the relationship between agricultural water resources and sustainable development, this paper presents a multi objective fuzzy optimization model for cropping structure and water allocation, which overcomes the shortcoming of current models that only considered the economic objective,and ignored the social and environmental objectives. During the process, a new method named fuzzy deciding weight is developed to decide the objective weight. A case study shows that the model is reliable, the method is simple and objective, and the results are reasonable. This model is useful for agricultural management and sustainable development.展开更多
pH regulation is a complicated and comprehensive technique in the crop fertigation system. In this paper, a method is put forward to improve the quality of pH regulation, using artificial neural network to map a nonli...pH regulation is a complicated and comprehensive technique in the crop fertigation system. In this paper, a method is put forward to improve the quality of pH regulation, using artificial neural network to map a nonlinear relationship between pH interfering factor and the switching frequency of pH control valve, which achieves the dynamic feedforward compensation to the main control system.展开更多
China is by far the largest producer of tobacco products in the world. As a big tax source, tobacco industry brings about 10%of China's annual income.At present tobacco industry is under the administrative monopol...China is by far the largest producer of tobacco products in the world. As a big tax source, tobacco industry brings about 10%of China's annual income.At present tobacco industry is under the administrative monopoly management in China. The nation's policy and management mechanism greatly influence the competition structure of tobbacco industry. Due to the double character of tobacco, the country generally imposes a high tax and limits total product output in order to control the tobacco market. Therefore, the price signal of tobacco market is distorted and to a large extent the competition of the industry is far from a free one. The cigarette production is in a multi element competition style within the nation's planning system. In other words, administrative monopoly and over competition exist simultaneously in China's tobacco industry. The country predetermines the output quota of each cigarette manufacturing enterprise and the actual production outputs of these enterprises could be adjusted through the quota trades among them. The competition in tobacco industry is mainly represented in 3 modes, i.e.production output competition based on quota trades, value added competition in producing and marketing, and the niche market competition based on product classification.展开更多
Using a modified C D function and stochastic frontier model, the paper analyzed China's cotton yield capacity and found that the yield and technical efficiency of China's cotton planting system can be increas...Using a modified C D function and stochastic frontier model, the paper analyzed China's cotton yield capacity and found that the yield and technical efficiency of China's cotton planting system can be increased by the use of genetically modified (GM) varieties.展开更多
Remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems offer a good means of collecting and manipulating the data required for assessing conservation practices. A method for automatic generation of most of the d...Remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems offer a good means of collecting and manipulating the data required for assessing conservation practices. A method for automatic generation of most of the data required by the Agricultural Non point Source erosion model is developed from three sources:(1) file with contour lines from the topographic maps(TM), (2) soil mapping units from the soil surveys, and (3)land cover from land sat TM image classification.展开更多
Field experiment was carried out to nitrogen release characteristics of rice controlled release fertilizer (RCRF) coated with natural and half natural high molecular materials, and to thereof effects on the nitrogen u...Field experiment was carried out to nitrogen release characteristics of rice controlled release fertilizer (RCRF) coated with natural and half natural high molecular materials, and to thereof effects on the nitrogen uptake and yield of early and late hybrid rice from 1999 to 2000, with urea as control.In experimental fields regardless of early and late seasons, the amount of N in the plants increased exponentially at the early growth stage (y=abx) and nonlinearly at the middle and late growth stages (y=a+bx+cx2).Rice controlled release fertilizer lengthened the exponential phase and increased the parameter -b/c during the nonlinear phase. Although the N amount of plants was less in rice controlled release fertilizer plots man in urea plots within 20 days after transplanting, at the heading and maturity stages, the N amount of plants in rice controlled release fertilizer plots was above two times greater than in the urea plots due to the higher N recovery, and the high absorption density of N in the nonlinear phase.Tillers pattern and achievement of the maximum tillering stage varied with fertilizer types. The maximum tillering stage in the urea plots occurred a week earlier than in the rice controlled release fertilizer plots. Yield sink size and potential sink size of the plants reflected the N absorption pattern and the amount of N in the plants. The yields of early and late rice with 90 kg N ha-1 of rice controlled release fertilizer were respectively increased by 832.7 kg ha-1 and 412.8 kg ha-1 than those with 90 kg N ha-1 of urea, almost equivalent to the yield of early and late hybrid rice with 180 kg N ha-1 of urea.展开更多
This study was conducted to determine effects of four plant growth inhibitors viz. PP333,Het,CCC and B9 with different concentrations on growth and flowering of narcissus.The results indicated that the narcissus treat...This study was conducted to determine effects of four plant growth inhibitors viz. PP333,Het,CCC and B9 with different concentrations on growth and flowering of narcissus.The results indicated that the narcissus treated with certain concentration inhibitors could grow shorter plants with shorter scapes of flower and smaller leaves than the check, and the compact,straight and coordinate plants improve the decorative value obviously.展开更多
The inheritance of seed color and seed luster of mungbean was studied by using accessions/varieties with different seed color,black (Bkck),green (KPS1) and green (KPS2).In KPS2×Bkck combination,the p2 seed color ...The inheritance of seed color and seed luster of mungbean was studied by using accessions/varieties with different seed color,black (Bkck),green (KPS1) and green (KPS2).In KPS2×Bkck combination,the p2 seed color was shiny black.The F3 data indicated the following genotype:3B-for black seed color,and 1 bb for green seed color.Plant purple petiole gene and black seed color gene were very close linkage.There was no segregation between them.Perhaps the same gene B controlled the color of purple petiole.Moreover in KPS1X Bkck combination F3 seed color popuktion showed a wide rang of phenotypic variability.Perhaps seed luster was controlled by more than two genes.展开更多
By means of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, 43 kanamycin-resistant buds of Chinese cabbage were got. PCR, PCR-Southern blot and dot blot analysis were used to identify and characterize the putative transgenic p...By means of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, 43 kanamycin-resistant buds of Chinese cabbage were got. PCR, PCR-Southern blot and dot blot analysis were used to identify and characterize the putative transgenic plants. 26 plants had the predicted bands of the fragment of npt Ⅱ gene. Insect bioassays of 4 transformants showed that toxic protein had been translated and the translation levels were different among these transformants.展开更多
A new rapeseed TGMS line 402S has been bred through six years with seven generations by hybridization and systematic breeding.402S possesses the similar thermo-sensitive male sterility to its female parent Xiangyou 91...A new rapeseed TGMS line 402S has been bred through six years with seven generations by hybridization and systematic breeding.402S possesses the similar thermo-sensitive male sterility to its female parent Xiangyou 91S which performed fertile,partially sterile and sterile throughout the flowering stage,and resembles its male parent Zhongshuang 4 on agronomic traits.And 402S has the double-low (low erutic acid and low glucosinolate) quality like its original parents.展开更多
Protected fruit cultivation in China has developed very quickly from the early 1990s, and now it is an important branch in fruit cultivation. A brief review including fruit species, developing history, growing area, o...Protected fruit cultivation in China has developed very quickly from the early 1990s, and now it is an important branch in fruit cultivation. A brief review including fruit species, developing history, growing area, output, and distribution in the whole country is made in the paper. Characteristics of the dominant kinds of greenhouse, environmental control methods, and standards of temperature, humidity, light and CO2 for different fruit species are presented. Information on varieties, growing benefits, special management practices and other aspects of the main fruit species used for protected cultivation are also presented.展开更多
Effects of 60Co-γ ray radicidation on instant tea were studied through contaminant microbe assay,absorbed dose measurement and analysis of principal components of instant tea.The minimum effective dose of 4.0kGy and ...Effects of 60Co-γ ray radicidation on instant tea were studied through contaminant microbe assay,absorbed dose measurement and analysis of principal components of instant tea.The minimum effective dose of 4.0kGy and maximum tolerance dose of 8.0KGy were proposed.展开更多
2000 is the beginning of the new millennium from which on Hunan's agriculture will meet with a new challenge and chance. Hunan will carry out 12 central agricultural engineering projects in the early stage of the ...2000 is the beginning of the new millennium from which on Hunan's agriculture will meet with a new challenge and chance. Hunan will carry out 12 central agricultural engineering projects in the early stage of the new century to promote the adjustment and optimilization of the province'sindustries for agricultural production展开更多
This paper deals with the recent hybrid rice development in the Philippines and some information about developing economic and technical cooperation in hybrid rice between China and the Philippines.
s: The current status of AEE in Hunan Province is introduced in brief. The reasons why the AEE was polluted and destroyed are analyzed; the countermeasures for improving AEE are brought forward.
To improve grain quality of the high-yielding hybrid rice in China, we introduced the aromatic rice MR365, an improved Indian cultivar, from IRRI in 1984 and began to transfer its aroma and good quality characters int...To improve grain quality of the high-yielding hybrid rice in China, we introduced the aromatic rice MR365, an improved Indian cultivar, from IRRI in 1984 and began to transfer its aroma and good quality characters into the existing maintainer lines. In the meantime, the research on the inheritance of aroma for increasing the breeding efficiency was also conducted.It was found that the inheritance of aroma in MR 365 and its derivatives was controlled by one pair of recessive major genes based on the KOH-soaking method. There existed disparity in aroma degree among different grains of F2 generation, and different aromatic CMS lines derived from the same aromatic donor had also a little difference in the degree of aroma, which implies that, besides the major genes, aroma may also be affected by the genetic backgrounds or minor genes.Xiangxiang 2A, developed from the cross of V20A//V20B/MR365, is the first aromatic CMS line bred in China. It is not only aromatic but also has good grain quality and combining ability. Using it as female parent, Xiangyou 63 (Xiangxiang 2A / Minghui 63), the first quasi-aromatic hybrid rice combination in China, was developed, and released to farmers in 1995. Xiangyou 63 is characteristic of quasi-aromatic or partially aromatic (because only a portion of or not all grains are aromatic), good grain quality, high-yielding ability, good blast resistance and wide adaptability.展开更多
Calli and adventitious buds induced from different explants such as young stems and leaves of tomato variety Moneymaker,and mature embryos and young spikelets of rice variety TP309 were used to establish hyperosmotic ...Calli and adventitious buds induced from different explants such as young stems and leaves of tomato variety Moneymaker,and mature embryos and young spikelets of rice variety TP309 were used to establish hyperosmotic transformation system at various osmotica treatments.The results revealed that the calli induced from tomato young leaves and rice young spikelets were the ideal transfomation acceptor.The cells of calli were still vigorous when treated with 0.75 mol/L hyperosmotic solution for 4 hours.The differentiation rates of calli varied from 7.5% to 93.3% in different media.The bud differentiation was apparently inhibited by hyperosmotic treatments.0.75mol/L sucrose hypertonic solution and 0.2mol/L CaCl2 solution were favorable hyperosmoticum and hypcosmoticum respectively.展开更多
Optimum technical parameters for extracting lycopene from tomatoes are studied with orthogonal experiments.The results show that chloroform has the best effect compared to 4 other groups of solvents:petroleum ether,ac...Optimum technical parameters for extracting lycopene from tomatoes are studied with orthogonal experiments.The results show that chloroform has the best effect compared to 4 other groups of solvents:petroleum ether,acetic add + ethanol,acetic ether,and acetone + diethyl ether,associated with the parameters of 40℃,pH 5 and the ratio of tomato paste to solvent 1:1.展开更多
Four concentrations of CCC were used to treat pepper seedlings.The results indicated that 50-150mg·L-1 CCC decreased the content of malonaldehydic acid (MDA) and increased the content of soluble protein,ascorbic ...Four concentrations of CCC were used to treat pepper seedlings.The results indicated that 50-150mg·L-1 CCC decreased the content of malonaldehydic acid (MDA) and increased the content of soluble protein,ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathion(GSH),and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT),whereas 200mg·L-1 CCC caused the soluble protein content and the CAT activity of Xiangyan 1 and the AsA content of Xiangyan 10 to descend.The comprehensive evaluation manifested that 100-150mg·L-1 CCC had obvious effects on water-logging resistance of pepper.Different varieties required different concentrations,eg,l00mg·L-1 CCC suited Xiangyan 1,while 150 mg·L-1 CCC suited Xiangyan 10.展开更多
The properties of the high molecular water-absorbing compound sodium polyacrylate (SP) and its application in agriculture are reviewed;and its safety in application is also introduced.
文摘Cropping structure has a close relationship with the optimal allocation of agricultural water resources. Based on the analysis of the relationship between agricultural water resources and sustainable development, this paper presents a multi objective fuzzy optimization model for cropping structure and water allocation, which overcomes the shortcoming of current models that only considered the economic objective,and ignored the social and environmental objectives. During the process, a new method named fuzzy deciding weight is developed to decide the objective weight. A case study shows that the model is reliable, the method is simple and objective, and the results are reasonable. This model is useful for agricultural management and sustainable development.
文摘pH regulation is a complicated and comprehensive technique in the crop fertigation system. In this paper, a method is put forward to improve the quality of pH regulation, using artificial neural network to map a nonlinear relationship between pH interfering factor and the switching frequency of pH control valve, which achieves the dynamic feedforward compensation to the main control system.
文摘China is by far the largest producer of tobacco products in the world. As a big tax source, tobacco industry brings about 10%of China's annual income.At present tobacco industry is under the administrative monopoly management in China. The nation's policy and management mechanism greatly influence the competition structure of tobbacco industry. Due to the double character of tobacco, the country generally imposes a high tax and limits total product output in order to control the tobacco market. Therefore, the price signal of tobacco market is distorted and to a large extent the competition of the industry is far from a free one. The cigarette production is in a multi element competition style within the nation's planning system. In other words, administrative monopoly and over competition exist simultaneously in China's tobacco industry. The country predetermines the output quota of each cigarette manufacturing enterprise and the actual production outputs of these enterprises could be adjusted through the quota trades among them. The competition in tobacco industry is mainly represented in 3 modes, i.e.production output competition based on quota trades, value added competition in producing and marketing, and the niche market competition based on product classification.
文摘Using a modified C D function and stochastic frontier model, the paper analyzed China's cotton yield capacity and found that the yield and technical efficiency of China's cotton planting system can be increased by the use of genetically modified (GM) varieties.
文摘Remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems offer a good means of collecting and manipulating the data required for assessing conservation practices. A method for automatic generation of most of the data required by the Agricultural Non point Source erosion model is developed from three sources:(1) file with contour lines from the topographic maps(TM), (2) soil mapping units from the soil surveys, and (3)land cover from land sat TM image classification.
文摘Field experiment was carried out to nitrogen release characteristics of rice controlled release fertilizer (RCRF) coated with natural and half natural high molecular materials, and to thereof effects on the nitrogen uptake and yield of early and late hybrid rice from 1999 to 2000, with urea as control.In experimental fields regardless of early and late seasons, the amount of N in the plants increased exponentially at the early growth stage (y=abx) and nonlinearly at the middle and late growth stages (y=a+bx+cx2).Rice controlled release fertilizer lengthened the exponential phase and increased the parameter -b/c during the nonlinear phase. Although the N amount of plants was less in rice controlled release fertilizer plots man in urea plots within 20 days after transplanting, at the heading and maturity stages, the N amount of plants in rice controlled release fertilizer plots was above two times greater than in the urea plots due to the higher N recovery, and the high absorption density of N in the nonlinear phase.Tillers pattern and achievement of the maximum tillering stage varied with fertilizer types. The maximum tillering stage in the urea plots occurred a week earlier than in the rice controlled release fertilizer plots. Yield sink size and potential sink size of the plants reflected the N absorption pattern and the amount of N in the plants. The yields of early and late rice with 90 kg N ha-1 of rice controlled release fertilizer were respectively increased by 832.7 kg ha-1 and 412.8 kg ha-1 than those with 90 kg N ha-1 of urea, almost equivalent to the yield of early and late hybrid rice with 180 kg N ha-1 of urea.
文摘This study was conducted to determine effects of four plant growth inhibitors viz. PP333,Het,CCC and B9 with different concentrations on growth and flowering of narcissus.The results indicated that the narcissus treated with certain concentration inhibitors could grow shorter plants with shorter scapes of flower and smaller leaves than the check, and the compact,straight and coordinate plants improve the decorative value obviously.
文摘The inheritance of seed color and seed luster of mungbean was studied by using accessions/varieties with different seed color,black (Bkck),green (KPS1) and green (KPS2).In KPS2×Bkck combination,the p2 seed color was shiny black.The F3 data indicated the following genotype:3B-for black seed color,and 1 bb for green seed color.Plant purple petiole gene and black seed color gene were very close linkage.There was no segregation between them.Perhaps the same gene B controlled the color of purple petiole.Moreover in KPS1X Bkck combination F3 seed color popuktion showed a wide rang of phenotypic variability.Perhaps seed luster was controlled by more than two genes.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Wuhan Key Sci-Tech Program
文摘By means of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, 43 kanamycin-resistant buds of Chinese cabbage were got. PCR, PCR-Southern blot and dot blot analysis were used to identify and characterize the putative transgenic plants. 26 plants had the predicted bands of the fragment of npt Ⅱ gene. Insect bioassays of 4 transformants showed that toxic protein had been translated and the translation levels were different among these transformants.
文摘A new rapeseed TGMS line 402S has been bred through six years with seven generations by hybridization and systematic breeding.402S possesses the similar thermo-sensitive male sterility to its female parent Xiangyou 91S which performed fertile,partially sterile and sterile throughout the flowering stage,and resembles its male parent Zhongshuang 4 on agronomic traits.And 402S has the double-low (low erutic acid and low glucosinolate) quality like its original parents.
文摘Protected fruit cultivation in China has developed very quickly from the early 1990s, and now it is an important branch in fruit cultivation. A brief review including fruit species, developing history, growing area, output, and distribution in the whole country is made in the paper. Characteristics of the dominant kinds of greenhouse, environmental control methods, and standards of temperature, humidity, light and CO2 for different fruit species are presented. Information on varieties, growing benefits, special management practices and other aspects of the main fruit species used for protected cultivation are also presented.
文摘Effects of 60Co-γ ray radicidation on instant tea were studied through contaminant microbe assay,absorbed dose measurement and analysis of principal components of instant tea.The minimum effective dose of 4.0kGy and maximum tolerance dose of 8.0KGy were proposed.
文摘2000 is the beginning of the new millennium from which on Hunan's agriculture will meet with a new challenge and chance. Hunan will carry out 12 central agricultural engineering projects in the early stage of the new century to promote the adjustment and optimilization of the province'sindustries for agricultural production
文摘This paper deals with the recent hybrid rice development in the Philippines and some information about developing economic and technical cooperation in hybrid rice between China and the Philippines.
文摘s: The current status of AEE in Hunan Province is introduced in brief. The reasons why the AEE was polluted and destroyed are analyzed; the countermeasures for improving AEE are brought forward.
文摘To improve grain quality of the high-yielding hybrid rice in China, we introduced the aromatic rice MR365, an improved Indian cultivar, from IRRI in 1984 and began to transfer its aroma and good quality characters into the existing maintainer lines. In the meantime, the research on the inheritance of aroma for increasing the breeding efficiency was also conducted.It was found that the inheritance of aroma in MR 365 and its derivatives was controlled by one pair of recessive major genes based on the KOH-soaking method. There existed disparity in aroma degree among different grains of F2 generation, and different aromatic CMS lines derived from the same aromatic donor had also a little difference in the degree of aroma, which implies that, besides the major genes, aroma may also be affected by the genetic backgrounds or minor genes.Xiangxiang 2A, developed from the cross of V20A//V20B/MR365, is the first aromatic CMS line bred in China. It is not only aromatic but also has good grain quality and combining ability. Using it as female parent, Xiangyou 63 (Xiangxiang 2A / Minghui 63), the first quasi-aromatic hybrid rice combination in China, was developed, and released to farmers in 1995. Xiangyou 63 is characteristic of quasi-aromatic or partially aromatic (because only a portion of or not all grains are aromatic), good grain quality, high-yielding ability, good blast resistance and wide adaptability.
文摘Calli and adventitious buds induced from different explants such as young stems and leaves of tomato variety Moneymaker,and mature embryos and young spikelets of rice variety TP309 were used to establish hyperosmotic transformation system at various osmotica treatments.The results revealed that the calli induced from tomato young leaves and rice young spikelets were the ideal transfomation acceptor.The cells of calli were still vigorous when treated with 0.75 mol/L hyperosmotic solution for 4 hours.The differentiation rates of calli varied from 7.5% to 93.3% in different media.The bud differentiation was apparently inhibited by hyperosmotic treatments.0.75mol/L sucrose hypertonic solution and 0.2mol/L CaCl2 solution were favorable hyperosmoticum and hypcosmoticum respectively.
文摘Optimum technical parameters for extracting lycopene from tomatoes are studied with orthogonal experiments.The results show that chloroform has the best effect compared to 4 other groups of solvents:petroleum ether,acetic add + ethanol,acetic ether,and acetone + diethyl ether,associated with the parameters of 40℃,pH 5 and the ratio of tomato paste to solvent 1:1.
文摘Four concentrations of CCC were used to treat pepper seedlings.The results indicated that 50-150mg·L-1 CCC decreased the content of malonaldehydic acid (MDA) and increased the content of soluble protein,ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathion(GSH),and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT),whereas 200mg·L-1 CCC caused the soluble protein content and the CAT activity of Xiangyan 1 and the AsA content of Xiangyan 10 to descend.The comprehensive evaluation manifested that 100-150mg·L-1 CCC had obvious effects on water-logging resistance of pepper.Different varieties required different concentrations,eg,l00mg·L-1 CCC suited Xiangyan 1,while 150 mg·L-1 CCC suited Xiangyan 10.
文摘The properties of the high molecular water-absorbing compound sodium polyacrylate (SP) and its application in agriculture are reviewed;and its safety in application is also introduced.
