A two-compartment model of the universe is proposed to further refine Albert Einstein’s insight into curvature of space and the energy tensor. The two compartments are energy contained by a shell prism. The model all...A two-compartment model of the universe is proposed to further refine Albert Einstein’s insight into curvature of space and the energy tensor. The two compartments are energy contained by a shell prism. The model allows for a non-unification of fundamental forces with gravity resulting from the curvature of a space-time prism. Carrier forces travel within the prism and particles emerge from the prism. Giving a thickness to the manifold negates infinity and will allow solutions at both microscopic and cosmic levels. Geometry is the link between quantum mechanics and general relativity. Negative entropy, as proposed by Erwin Schrödinger, gives order to particles and the cosmic. The source of this energy is in the shell of the containment vessel. The acceleration of the expansion of the universe occurred when energy within the container transformed into mass, warping the space-time container and causing an explosion of the container. Star movement is explained by the surface tension of the prism of space-time.展开更多
In this paper, the optimal control problem of parabolic integro-differential equations is solved by gradient recovery based two-grid finite element method. Piecewise linear functions are used to approximate state and ...In this paper, the optimal control problem of parabolic integro-differential equations is solved by gradient recovery based two-grid finite element method. Piecewise linear functions are used to approximate state and co-state variables, and piecewise constant function is used to approximate control variables. Generally, the optimal conditions for the problem are solved iteratively until the control variable reaches error tolerance. In order to calculate all the variables individually and parallelly, we introduce a gradient recovery based two-grid method. First, we solve the small scaled optimal control problem on coarse grids. Next, we use the gradient recovery technique to recover the gradients of state and co-state variables. Finally, using the recovered variables, we solve the large scaled optimal control problem for all variables independently. Moreover, we estimate priori error for the proposed scheme, and use an example to validate the theoretical results.展开更多
An “Eigenstate Adjustment Autonomy” Model, permeated by the Nanosystem’s Fermi Level Pinning along with its rigid Conduction Band Discontinuity, compatible with pertinent Experimental Measurements, is being employe...An “Eigenstate Adjustment Autonomy” Model, permeated by the Nanosystem’s Fermi Level Pinning along with its rigid Conduction Band Discontinuity, compatible with pertinent Experimental Measurements, is being employed for studying how the Functional Eigenstate of the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas (2DEG) dwelling within the Quantum Well of a typical Semiconductor Nanoheterointerface evolves versus (cryptographically) selectable consecutive Cumulative Photon Dose values. Thus, it is ultimately discussed that the experimentally observed (after a Critical Cumulative Photon Dose) Phenomenon of 2DEG Negative Differential Mobility allows for the Nanosystem to exhibit an Effective Qubit Specific Functionality potentially conducive to (Telecommunication) Quantum Information Registering.展开更多
Climate change is a reality. The burning of fossil fuels from oil, natural gas and coal is responsible for much of the pollution and the increase in the planet’s average temperature, which has raised discussions on t...Climate change is a reality. The burning of fossil fuels from oil, natural gas and coal is responsible for much of the pollution and the increase in the planet’s average temperature, which has raised discussions on the subject, given the emergencies related to climate. An energy transition to clean and renewable sources is necessary and urgent, but it will not be quick. In this sense, increasing the efficiency of oil extraction from existing sources is crucial, to avoid waste and the drilling of new wells. The purpose of this work was to add diffusive and dispersive terms to the Buckley-Leverett equation in order to incorporate extra phenomena in the temporal evolution between the water-oil and oil-water transitions in the pipeline. For this, the modified Buckley-Leverett equation was discretized via essentially weighted non-oscillatory schemes, coupled with a three-stage Runge-Kutta and a fourth-order centered finite difference methods. Then, computational simulations were performed and the results showed that new features emerge in the transitions, when compared to classical simulations. For instance, the dispersive term inhibits the diffusive term, adding oscillations, which indicates that the absorption of the fluid by the porous medium occurs in a non-homogeneous manner. Therefore, based on research such as this, decisions can be made regarding the replacement of the porous medium or the insertion of new components to delay the replacement.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper is to generalize the effect of two-phased demand and variable deterioration within the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) framework. The rate of deterioration is a linear function of time. Th...The main purpose of this paper is to generalize the effect of two-phased demand and variable deterioration within the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) framework. The rate of deterioration is a linear function of time. The two-phased demand function states the constant function for a certain period and the quadratic function of time for the rest part of the cycle time. No shortages as well as partial backlogging are allowed to occur. The mathematical expressions are derived for determining the optimal cycle time, order quantity and total cost function. An easy-to-use working procedure is provided to calculate the above quantities. A couple of numerical examples are cited to explain the theoretical results and sensitivity analysis of some selected examples is carried out.展开更多
It is well established that Nash equilibrium exists within the framework of mixed strategies in strategic-form non-cooperative games. However, finding the Nash equilibrium generally belongs to the class of problems kn...It is well established that Nash equilibrium exists within the framework of mixed strategies in strategic-form non-cooperative games. However, finding the Nash equilibrium generally belongs to the class of problems known as PPAD (Polynomial Parity Argument on Directed graphs), for which no polynomial-time solution methods are known, even for two-player games. This paper demonstrates that in fixed-sum two-player games (including zero-sum games), the Nash equilibrium forms a convex set, and has a unique expected payoff. Furthermore, these equilibria are Pareto optimal. Additionally, it is shown that the Nash equilibrium of fixed-sum two-player games can theoretically be found in polynomial time using the principal-dual interior point method, a solution method of linear programming.展开更多
Our Solar System contains eight planets and their respective natural satellites excepting the inner two planets Mercury and Venus. A satellite hosted by a given Planet is well protected by the gravitational pertubatio...Our Solar System contains eight planets and their respective natural satellites excepting the inner two planets Mercury and Venus. A satellite hosted by a given Planet is well protected by the gravitational pertubation of much heavier planets such as Jupiter and Saturn if the natural satellite lies deep inside the respective host Planet Hill sphere. Each planet has a Hill radius a<sub>H</sub> and planet mean radius R<sub>P </sub>and the ratio R<sub>1</sub>=R<sub>P</sub>/a<sub>H</sub>. Under very low R<sub>1 </sub>(less than 0.006) the approximation of CRTBP (centrally restricted three-body problem) to two-body problem is valid and planet has spacious Hill lobe to capture a satellite and retain it. This ensures a high probability of capture of natural satellite by the given planet and Sun’s perturbation on Planet-Satellite binary can be neglected. This is the case with Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Uranus. But Mercury and Venus has R<sub>1</sub>=R<sub>P</sub>/a<sub>H</sub> =0.01 and 5.9862 × 10<sup>-3</sup> respectively hence they have no satellites. There is a limit to the dimension of the captured body. It must be a much smaller body both dimensionally as well masswise. The qantitative limit is a subject of an independent study.展开更多
The two universes multi-granularity fuzzy rough set model is an effective tool for handling uncertainty problems between two domains with the help of binary fuzzy relations. This article applies the idea of neighborho...The two universes multi-granularity fuzzy rough set model is an effective tool for handling uncertainty problems between two domains with the help of binary fuzzy relations. This article applies the idea of neighborhood rough sets to two universes multi-granularity fuzzy rough sets, and discusses the two-universes multi-granularity neighborhood fuzzy rough set model. Firstly, the upper and lower approximation operators are defined in the two universes multi-granularity neighborhood fuzzy rough set model. Secondly, the properties of the upper and lower approximation operators are discussed. Finally, the properties of the two universes multi-granularity neighborhood fuzzy rough set model are verified through case studies.展开更多
文摘A two-compartment model of the universe is proposed to further refine Albert Einstein’s insight into curvature of space and the energy tensor. The two compartments are energy contained by a shell prism. The model allows for a non-unification of fundamental forces with gravity resulting from the curvature of a space-time prism. Carrier forces travel within the prism and particles emerge from the prism. Giving a thickness to the manifold negates infinity and will allow solutions at both microscopic and cosmic levels. Geometry is the link between quantum mechanics and general relativity. Negative entropy, as proposed by Erwin Schrödinger, gives order to particles and the cosmic. The source of this energy is in the shell of the containment vessel. The acceleration of the expansion of the universe occurred when energy within the container transformed into mass, warping the space-time container and causing an explosion of the container. Star movement is explained by the surface tension of the prism of space-time.
文摘In this paper, the optimal control problem of parabolic integro-differential equations is solved by gradient recovery based two-grid finite element method. Piecewise linear functions are used to approximate state and co-state variables, and piecewise constant function is used to approximate control variables. Generally, the optimal conditions for the problem are solved iteratively until the control variable reaches error tolerance. In order to calculate all the variables individually and parallelly, we introduce a gradient recovery based two-grid method. First, we solve the small scaled optimal control problem on coarse grids. Next, we use the gradient recovery technique to recover the gradients of state and co-state variables. Finally, using the recovered variables, we solve the large scaled optimal control problem for all variables independently. Moreover, we estimate priori error for the proposed scheme, and use an example to validate the theoretical results.
文摘An “Eigenstate Adjustment Autonomy” Model, permeated by the Nanosystem’s Fermi Level Pinning along with its rigid Conduction Band Discontinuity, compatible with pertinent Experimental Measurements, is being employed for studying how the Functional Eigenstate of the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas (2DEG) dwelling within the Quantum Well of a typical Semiconductor Nanoheterointerface evolves versus (cryptographically) selectable consecutive Cumulative Photon Dose values. Thus, it is ultimately discussed that the experimentally observed (after a Critical Cumulative Photon Dose) Phenomenon of 2DEG Negative Differential Mobility allows for the Nanosystem to exhibit an Effective Qubit Specific Functionality potentially conducive to (Telecommunication) Quantum Information Registering.
文摘Climate change is a reality. The burning of fossil fuels from oil, natural gas and coal is responsible for much of the pollution and the increase in the planet’s average temperature, which has raised discussions on the subject, given the emergencies related to climate. An energy transition to clean and renewable sources is necessary and urgent, but it will not be quick. In this sense, increasing the efficiency of oil extraction from existing sources is crucial, to avoid waste and the drilling of new wells. The purpose of this work was to add diffusive and dispersive terms to the Buckley-Leverett equation in order to incorporate extra phenomena in the temporal evolution between the water-oil and oil-water transitions in the pipeline. For this, the modified Buckley-Leverett equation was discretized via essentially weighted non-oscillatory schemes, coupled with a three-stage Runge-Kutta and a fourth-order centered finite difference methods. Then, computational simulations were performed and the results showed that new features emerge in the transitions, when compared to classical simulations. For instance, the dispersive term inhibits the diffusive term, adding oscillations, which indicates that the absorption of the fluid by the porous medium occurs in a non-homogeneous manner. Therefore, based on research such as this, decisions can be made regarding the replacement of the porous medium or the insertion of new components to delay the replacement.
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to generalize the effect of two-phased demand and variable deterioration within the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) framework. The rate of deterioration is a linear function of time. The two-phased demand function states the constant function for a certain period and the quadratic function of time for the rest part of the cycle time. No shortages as well as partial backlogging are allowed to occur. The mathematical expressions are derived for determining the optimal cycle time, order quantity and total cost function. An easy-to-use working procedure is provided to calculate the above quantities. A couple of numerical examples are cited to explain the theoretical results and sensitivity analysis of some selected examples is carried out.
文摘It is well established that Nash equilibrium exists within the framework of mixed strategies in strategic-form non-cooperative games. However, finding the Nash equilibrium generally belongs to the class of problems known as PPAD (Polynomial Parity Argument on Directed graphs), for which no polynomial-time solution methods are known, even for two-player games. This paper demonstrates that in fixed-sum two-player games (including zero-sum games), the Nash equilibrium forms a convex set, and has a unique expected payoff. Furthermore, these equilibria are Pareto optimal. Additionally, it is shown that the Nash equilibrium of fixed-sum two-player games can theoretically be found in polynomial time using the principal-dual interior point method, a solution method of linear programming.
文摘Our Solar System contains eight planets and their respective natural satellites excepting the inner two planets Mercury and Venus. A satellite hosted by a given Planet is well protected by the gravitational pertubation of much heavier planets such as Jupiter and Saturn if the natural satellite lies deep inside the respective host Planet Hill sphere. Each planet has a Hill radius a<sub>H</sub> and planet mean radius R<sub>P </sub>and the ratio R<sub>1</sub>=R<sub>P</sub>/a<sub>H</sub>. Under very low R<sub>1 </sub>(less than 0.006) the approximation of CRTBP (centrally restricted three-body problem) to two-body problem is valid and planet has spacious Hill lobe to capture a satellite and retain it. This ensures a high probability of capture of natural satellite by the given planet and Sun’s perturbation on Planet-Satellite binary can be neglected. This is the case with Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Uranus. But Mercury and Venus has R<sub>1</sub>=R<sub>P</sub>/a<sub>H</sub> =0.01 and 5.9862 × 10<sup>-3</sup> respectively hence they have no satellites. There is a limit to the dimension of the captured body. It must be a much smaller body both dimensionally as well masswise. The qantitative limit is a subject of an independent study.
文摘The two universes multi-granularity fuzzy rough set model is an effective tool for handling uncertainty problems between two domains with the help of binary fuzzy relations. This article applies the idea of neighborhood rough sets to two universes multi-granularity fuzzy rough sets, and discusses the two-universes multi-granularity neighborhood fuzzy rough set model. Firstly, the upper and lower approximation operators are defined in the two universes multi-granularity neighborhood fuzzy rough set model. Secondly, the properties of the upper and lower approximation operators are discussed. Finally, the properties of the two universes multi-granularity neighborhood fuzzy rough set model are verified through case studies.
