正确认识不同区域能量和水分循环特征是研究局地地气相互作用及准确预测区域天气,气候变化的关键.为了研究属于干旱/半干旱气候的青藏高原(TP)和湿润/半湿润气候的长江流域(YRR)之间地表能量和水分交换的异同,本文对比分析了两个区域8...正确认识不同区域能量和水分循环特征是研究局地地气相互作用及准确预测区域天气,气候变化的关键.为了研究属于干旱/半干旱气候的青藏高原(TP)和湿润/半湿润气候的长江流域(YRR)之间地表能量和水分交换的异同,本文对比分析了两个区域8个不同地表类型(包括高山荒漠,高山草地,(平原)城市和(平原)草地等)观测站点的地表辐射和能量通量数据.结果显示:(1)TP由于高原大气层稀薄且空气洁净,年平均入射短波辐射为251.3W m^(-2),是YRR的1.7倍.加之高原地表反照率高导致反射辐射(59.6 W m^(-2))是YRR的2.87倍.入射及出射的长波辐射为231.5和338.0 W m^(-2),分别为YRR的0.64和0.83.而两个区域的净辐射差异不大;(2)草地站更多的潜热释放使得地表总加热效率高于城市和高山荒漠,TP和YRR的草地站的年平均潜热分别为35.0和38.8 W m^(-2),而植被稀疏且土壤干燥的高山荒漠地区感热最大,年平均感热为42.1 W m^(-2);其次是城市下垫面,其年平均感热为37.7 W m^(-2).研究结果揭示了不同气候背景下典型下垫面地气相互作用特征,为地气相互作用过程深入分析奠定了基础.展开更多
The Tibetan Plateau (TP), located at a height of nearly 4000 m above sea level, has a unique setting that effects the environment of the whole of northern hemisphere. It acts as the “water reservoir” of Asia as seve...The Tibetan Plateau (TP), located at a height of nearly 4000 m above sea level, has a unique setting that effects the environment of the whole of northern hemisphere. It acts as the “water reservoir” of Asia as several important rivers originate from this region. Therefore, even slight alternations in the TP’s hydrological cycle may have profound ecological and social impacts. However, it is experiencing a significant increase in accumulation of dust from local and global sources. The impact of dust on the region’s climate has become an active area of research. Further, the study of sources of dust arriving at the TP is also critical. Accumulation of dust is impacting temperature, snow cover, glaciers, water resources, biodiversity and soil desertification. This manuscript tries to provide a comprehensive summary of the impact of dust on weather, climate, and environmental components of the TP. The impact of dust on clouds, radiative energy, precipitation, atmospheric circulation, snow and ice cover, soil, air quality, and river water quality of the TP are discussed. It further discusses the steps immediately needed to mitigate the devastating impact of dust on the fragile ecosystem of the TP.展开更多
青藏高原藏南谷地中部的玛不错湖位于印度夏季风和西风影响区内,对气候变化响应敏感。不同年份相同时相的遥感影像反映了湖面的变化特征,是探究区域气候变化的重要对象。湖岸堤和湖成阶地沉积物记录了湖面水位变化的历史,可帮助认识区...青藏高原藏南谷地中部的玛不错湖位于印度夏季风和西风影响区内,对气候变化响应敏感。不同年份相同时相的遥感影像反映了湖面的变化特征,是探究区域气候变化的重要对象。湖岸堤和湖成阶地沉积物记录了湖面水位变化的历史,可帮助认识区域古气候的变化和定量重建湖面波动。本文运用ArcGIS遥感解译、AMS ^( 14)C测年和DEM等方法确定玛不错北岸湖岸堤的高程和湖岸阶地的年代,结合湖成阶地剖面的沉积序列指示的湖面变化过程,重建晚更新世以来玛不错湖面的变化过程。S_(7)-S_(4)湖岸堤阶段,14256~13984 a BP之前,玛不错与其南侧的嘎拉错、多庆错为一体,是一个统一的大湖。S_(7)→S_(4),湖平面总体上呈逐渐下降的趋势,玛不错与多庆错、嘎拉错先后分离形成独立湖泊。S_(4)→S_(3)阶段,湖面逐渐上涨,分离的玛不错与嘎拉错重新连为一体,但这个过程持续时间比较短暂。S_(3)-S_(1)阶段,14256~13984 a BP之后,玛不错成为一个独立的湖泊。S_(3)→S_(1)阶段,湖面整体上呈逐渐下降的趋势。综合来看,晚更新世以来玛不错湖面经历了高→低→高→低的变化过程,湖面升降变化主要受区域大气降水和冰川融水的控制,反映了印度季风的强弱变化和全球气候的变化。近十年来遥感解译的湖面变化显示,玛不错2013-2015年期间呈萎缩状态,2016-2018年期间呈扩张状态,反映近年来青藏高原藏南谷地中部的气候有向暖湿化发展的趋势。该认识对于全球气候变暖背景下青藏高原气候环境变化趋势研究领域提供了新的参考。展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research[grant number 2020B0301030004]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 91937302].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,under the project entitled“The study of land-atmosphere water and heat flux interaction over the complex terrain of the north and south slopes of the Qomolangma region"[grant number 42230610]a Ministry of Science and Technology of China project called“Landatmosphere interaction and its climate effect of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program"[grant number 2019QzKK0103]the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[2022069].
文摘正确认识不同区域能量和水分循环特征是研究局地地气相互作用及准确预测区域天气,气候变化的关键.为了研究属于干旱/半干旱气候的青藏高原(TP)和湿润/半湿润气候的长江流域(YRR)之间地表能量和水分交换的异同,本文对比分析了两个区域8个不同地表类型(包括高山荒漠,高山草地,(平原)城市和(平原)草地等)观测站点的地表辐射和能量通量数据.结果显示:(1)TP由于高原大气层稀薄且空气洁净,年平均入射短波辐射为251.3W m^(-2),是YRR的1.7倍.加之高原地表反照率高导致反射辐射(59.6 W m^(-2))是YRR的2.87倍.入射及出射的长波辐射为231.5和338.0 W m^(-2),分别为YRR的0.64和0.83.而两个区域的净辐射差异不大;(2)草地站更多的潜热释放使得地表总加热效率高于城市和高山荒漠,TP和YRR的草地站的年平均潜热分别为35.0和38.8 W m^(-2),而植被稀疏且土壤干燥的高山荒漠地区感热最大,年平均感热为42.1 W m^(-2);其次是城市下垫面,其年平均感热为37.7 W m^(-2).研究结果揭示了不同气候背景下典型下垫面地气相互作用特征,为地气相互作用过程深入分析奠定了基础.
文摘The Tibetan Plateau (TP), located at a height of nearly 4000 m above sea level, has a unique setting that effects the environment of the whole of northern hemisphere. It acts as the “water reservoir” of Asia as several important rivers originate from this region. Therefore, even slight alternations in the TP’s hydrological cycle may have profound ecological and social impacts. However, it is experiencing a significant increase in accumulation of dust from local and global sources. The impact of dust on the region’s climate has become an active area of research. Further, the study of sources of dust arriving at the TP is also critical. Accumulation of dust is impacting temperature, snow cover, glaciers, water resources, biodiversity and soil desertification. This manuscript tries to provide a comprehensive summary of the impact of dust on weather, climate, and environmental components of the TP. The impact of dust on clouds, radiative energy, precipitation, atmospheric circulation, snow and ice cover, soil, air quality, and river water quality of the TP are discussed. It further discusses the steps immediately needed to mitigate the devastating impact of dust on the fragile ecosystem of the TP.
文摘青藏高原藏南谷地中部的玛不错湖位于印度夏季风和西风影响区内,对气候变化响应敏感。不同年份相同时相的遥感影像反映了湖面的变化特征,是探究区域气候变化的重要对象。湖岸堤和湖成阶地沉积物记录了湖面水位变化的历史,可帮助认识区域古气候的变化和定量重建湖面波动。本文运用ArcGIS遥感解译、AMS ^( 14)C测年和DEM等方法确定玛不错北岸湖岸堤的高程和湖岸阶地的年代,结合湖成阶地剖面的沉积序列指示的湖面变化过程,重建晚更新世以来玛不错湖面的变化过程。S_(7)-S_(4)湖岸堤阶段,14256~13984 a BP之前,玛不错与其南侧的嘎拉错、多庆错为一体,是一个统一的大湖。S_(7)→S_(4),湖平面总体上呈逐渐下降的趋势,玛不错与多庆错、嘎拉错先后分离形成独立湖泊。S_(4)→S_(3)阶段,湖面逐渐上涨,分离的玛不错与嘎拉错重新连为一体,但这个过程持续时间比较短暂。S_(3)-S_(1)阶段,14256~13984 a BP之后,玛不错成为一个独立的湖泊。S_(3)→S_(1)阶段,湖面整体上呈逐渐下降的趋势。综合来看,晚更新世以来玛不错湖面经历了高→低→高→低的变化过程,湖面升降变化主要受区域大气降水和冰川融水的控制,反映了印度季风的强弱变化和全球气候的变化。近十年来遥感解译的湖面变化显示,玛不错2013-2015年期间呈萎缩状态,2016-2018年期间呈扩张状态,反映近年来青藏高原藏南谷地中部的气候有向暖湿化发展的趋势。该认识对于全球气候变暖背景下青藏高原气候环境变化趋势研究领域提供了新的参考。
