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Chloride ion battery:A new emerged electrochemical system for next-generation energy storage
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作者 Shulin Chen Lu Wu +3 位作者 Yu Liu Peng Zhou Qinyou An Liqiang Mai 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期154-168,I0004,共16页
In the scope of developing new electrochemical concepts to build batteries with high energy density,chloride ion batteries(CIBs)have emerged as a candidate for the next generation of novel electrochemical energy stora... In the scope of developing new electrochemical concepts to build batteries with high energy density,chloride ion batteries(CIBs)have emerged as a candidate for the next generation of novel electrochemical energy storage technologies,which show the potential in matching or even surpassing the current lithium metal batteries in terms of energy density,dendrite-free safety,and elimination of the dependence on the strained lithium and cobalt resources.However,the development of CIBs is still at the initial stage with unsatisfactory performance and several challenges have hindered them from reaching commercialization.In this review,we examine the current advances of CIBs by considering the electrode material design to the electrolyte,thus outlining the new opportunities of aqueous CIBs especially combined with desalination,chloride redox battery,etc.With respect to the developing road of lithium ion and fluoride ion batteries,the possibility of using solid-state chloride ion conductors to replace liquid electrolytes is tentatively discussed.Going beyond,perspectives and clear suggestions are concluded by highlighting the major obstacles and by prescribing specific research topics to inspire more efforts for CIBs in large-scale energy storage applications. 展开更多
关键词 chloride ion battery Anion shuttling Conversion reaction chloride redox
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Strategies of selective electroreduction of aqueous nitrate to N_(2) in chloride-free system:A critical review
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作者 Fukuan Li Weizhe Zhang +2 位作者 Peng Zhang Ao Gong Kexun Li 《Green Energy & Environment》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期198-216,共19页
Electroreduction of nitrate has been gaining wide attention in recent years owing to it's beneficial for converting nitrate into benign N_(2) from the perspective of electrocatalytic denitrification or into value-... Electroreduction of nitrate has been gaining wide attention in recent years owing to it's beneficial for converting nitrate into benign N_(2) from the perspective of electrocatalytic denitrification or into value-added ammonia from the perspective of electrocatalytic NH_(3) synthesis.By reason of the undesired formation of ammonia is dominant during electroreduction of nitrate-containing wastewater,chloride has been widely used to improve N_(2) selectivity.Nevertheless,selective electroreduction of nitrate to N2 gas in chloride-containing system poses several drawbacks.In this review,we focus on the key strategies for efficiently enhancing N_(2) selectivity of electroreduction of nitrate in chloride-free system,including optimal selection of elements,combining an active metal catalyst with another metal,manipulating the crystalline morphology and facet orientation,constructing core–shell structure catalysts,etc.Before summarizing the strategies,four possible reaction pathways of electro-reduction of nitrate to N_(2) are discussed.Overall,this review attempts to provide practical strategies for enhancing N2 selectivity without the aid of electrochlorination and highlight directions for future research for designing appropriate electrocatalyst for final electrocatalytic denitrifi-cation. 展开更多
关键词 NITRATE chloride ELECTROREDUCTION SELECTIVITY NITROGEN
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Reversed-Phase-HPLC Assay Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sorbitol, Sodium Lactate, and Sodium Chlorides in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Drug Solution for Infusion
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作者 Sreenivas Pippalla Venugopal Komreddy +2 位作者 Srinivasulu Kasa Vaishnavi Chintala Poluri Venkata Reddy 《American Journal of Analytical Chemistry》 CAS 2024年第2期57-71,共15页
A rapid, straightforward, sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was employed for the simultaneous determination of Sorbitol, Sodium Lactate, and Chloride... A rapid, straightforward, sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was employed for the simultaneous determination of Sorbitol, Sodium Lactate, and Chlorides in a drug solution for infusion. Sorbitol, Sodium lactate, and Chloride are all officially recognized in the USP monograph. Assay methods are provided through various techniques, with titrations being ineffective for trace-level quantification. Alternatively, IC, AAS, and ICP-MS, though highly accurate, are costly and often unavailable to most testing facilities. When considering methods, it’s important to prioritize both quality control requirements and user-friendly techniques. A simple HPLC simultaneous method was developed for the quantification of Chlorides, Sorbitol, and Sodium Lactate with a shorter run time. The separation utilized a Shimpack SCR-102(H) ion exclusion analytical column (7.9 mm × 300 mm, 7 μm), with a flow rate of 0.6 mL per min. The column compartment temperature was maintained at 40°C, and the injection volume was set at 10 μL, with detection at 200 nm. All measurements were conducted in a 0.1% solution of phosphoric acid. The analytical curves demonstrated linearity (r > 0.9999) in the concentration range of 0.79 to 3.8 mg per mL for Sodium Lactate (SL), 0.16 to 0.79 mg per mL for Sodium Chloride (SC), and 1.5 to 7.2 mg per mL for Sorbitol. Validation of the developed method followed the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q2B) and USP. The method exhibited precision, robustness, accuracy, and selectivity. In accelerated stability testing over 6 months, no significant variations were observed in organoleptic analysis and pH. Consequently, the developed method is deemed suitable for routine quality control analyses, enabling the simultaneous determination of Sodium Lactate, Sodium Chloride, and Sorbitol in pharmaceutical formulations and infusions. 展开更多
关键词 SORBITOL Sodium Lactate and chloride ASSAY Analytical Validation HPLC
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Oxygen-assisted zinc recovery from electric arc furnace dust using magnesium chloride
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作者 Jingdong Huang Xiao Yang 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第10期2300-2311,共12页
Electric arc furnace(EAF)dust is an important secondary resource containing metals,such as zinc(Zn)and iron(Fe).Recover-ing Zn from EAF dust can contribute to resource recycling and reduce environmental impacts.Howeve... Electric arc furnace(EAF)dust is an important secondary resource containing metals,such as zinc(Zn)and iron(Fe).Recover-ing Zn from EAF dust can contribute to resource recycling and reduce environmental impacts.However,the high chemical stability of ZnFe_(2)O_(4)in EAF dust poses challenges to Zn recovery.To address this issue,a facile approach that involves oxygen-assisted chlorination using molten MgCl_(2)is proposed.This work focused on elucidating the role of O2 in the reaction between ZnFe_(2)O_(4)and molten MgCl_(2).The results demonstrate that MgCl_(2)effectively broke down the ZnFe_(2)O_(4)structure,and the high O2 atmosphere considerably promoted the sep-aration of Zn from other components in the form of ZnCl_(2).The presence of O2 facilitated the formation of MgFe_(2)O_(4),which stabilized Fe and prevented its chlorination.Furthermore,the excessive use of MgCl_(2)resulted in increased evaporation loss,and high temperatures pro-moted the rapid separation of Zn.Building on these findings,we successfully extracted ZnCl_(2)-enriched volatiles from practical EAF dust through oxygen-assisted chlorination.Under optimized conditions,this method achieved exceptional Zn chlorination percentage of over 97%within a short period,while Fe chlorination remained below 1%.The resulting volatiles contained 85wt%of ZnCl_(2),which can be further processed to produce metallic Zn.The findings offer guidance for the selective recovery of valuable metals,particularly from solid wastes such as EAF dust. 展开更多
关键词 electric arc furnace dust ZINC OXYGEN magnesium chloride CHLORINATION
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One-step preparation of efficient cuprous chloride catalyst for direct synthesis of trimethoxysilane
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作者 Jiaxin Zhang Lu Wang +5 位作者 Zhiqiang Ma Chuanjun Di Guanghui Chen Jipeng Dong Jianlong Li Fei Gao 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期161-171,共11页
CuCl-based catalysts are the most commonly used catalysts for the“direct synthesis”of trimethoxysilane(M3).CuCl species are sensitive to air and water,and are prone to oxidation deactivation.When CuCl is directly us... CuCl-based catalysts are the most commonly used catalysts for the“direct synthesis”of trimethoxysilane(M3).CuCl species are sensitive to air and water,and are prone to oxidation deactivation.When CuCl is directly used as a catalyst,it needs to be purified before the utilization,and the operating conditions for the catalyst preparation are relatively harsh,requiring the inert gas environment.Considering a high-temperature activation step required for CuCl-based catalysts used for catalyzing synthesis of M3 to form active phase Cu–Si alloys(Cu_(x)Si)with Si powder,in this work,a series of catalysts for the“direct synthesis”of M3 were obtained by a one-step high-temperature activation of the mixture of stable CuCl_(2) precursors,activated carbon-reducing agent,and Si powder,simultaneously achieving the reduction of CuCl_(2) to CuCl and the formation of active phase Cu_(x)Si alloys of CuCl with Si powder.The prepared samples were characterized through various characterization techniques,and investigated for the catalytic performance for the“direct synthesis”of M3.Moreover,the operation conditions were optimized,including the activation temperature,catalyst dosage,Si powder particle size,and reaction temperature.The characterization results indicate that during the one-step activation process,the CuCl_(2) precursor is reduced to CuCl,and the resulting CuCl simultaneously reacts with Si powder to form active phases Cu3Si and Cu15Si4 alloys.The optimal catalyst Sacm(250,0.8:10)exhibits a good catalytic activity with selectivity of 95%and yield of 77%for M3,and shows a good universality for various alcohol substrates.Furthermore,the catalytic mechanism of the prepared catalyst for the“direct synthesis”of M3 was discussed. 展开更多
关键词 TRIMETHOXYSILANE Cuprous chloride CATALYSIS Catalyst activation Reduction Active phase formation
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RNA interference reveals chloride channel 7 gene helps short-term hypersalinity stress resistance in Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis
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作者 Yeshao PENG Ziao CHEN +5 位作者 Qiong DENG Zhen JIA Lingxin KONG Peng ZHU Youhou XU Zhicai SHE 《Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期1261-1271,共11页
The chloride channel 7 gene(CLC 7)of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis was cloned and named ChCLC 7.The cDNA was 2572 bp in length,with a 5′non-coding region containing 25 bp,a 3′non-coding region conta... The chloride channel 7 gene(CLC 7)of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis was cloned and named ChCLC 7.The cDNA was 2572 bp in length,with a 5′non-coding region containing 25 bp,a 3′non-coding region containing 327 bp,and an open reading frame of 2298 bp.ChCLC 7 has 96.8%and 92.1%homology with CLC 7 of Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea virginica,respectively,and it was clustered with CLC 7 of C.gigas and C.virginica.QRT-PCR showed that ChCLC 7 was expressed in all eight tissues,with the highest in adductor muscle and second in gill.The ChCLC 7 expression pattern in gill was altered significantly under high salinity stress with an overall upward and then downward trend.After RNA interference,the expression of ChCLC 7 and survival rate of oyster under high salinity stress was reduced significantly,and so did the concentration of hemolymph chloride ion in 48-96 h after RNA interference.We believed that ChCLC 7 could play an important role in osmoregulation of C.hongkongensis by regulating Cl^(-)transport.This study provided data for the analysis of molecular mechanism against oyster salinity stress. 展开更多
关键词 Crassostrea hongkongensis chloride channel 7 salinity stress RNA interference
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Effect of Modification Treatment on Chloride Ions Permeability and Microstructure of Recycled Brick-mixed Aggregate Concrete
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作者 何子明 申爱琴 +2 位作者 WANG Xiaobin WU Jinhua WANG Lusheng 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期728-737,共10页
The modification methods of pozzolan slurry combined with sodium silicate and silicon-based additive were respectively adopted to treat recycled coarse brick-mixed aggregate(RCBA)in this study.The compressive strength... The modification methods of pozzolan slurry combined with sodium silicate and silicon-based additive were respectively adopted to treat recycled coarse brick-mixed aggregate(RCBA)in this study.The compressive strength and chloride permeability resistance of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)before and after modification treatment were tested,and the microstructure of RAC was analyzed by mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results show that the physical properties of RCBA strengthened by modification treatment are improved,and the compressive strength and chloride permeability resistance of treated RAC are also significantly improved.The modification treatment optimizes the pore size distribution of RAC,which increases the number of gel pores and transition pores,and decreases the number of capillary pores and macro pores.The surface fractal dimension shows a significant correlation with chloride diffusion coefficient,indicating that the variation of chloride permeability of treated RAC is consistent with the microstructure evolution. 展开更多
关键词 recycled aggregate concrete modification treatment compressive strength chloride permeability resistance MICROSTRUCTURE
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Overcoming the Na-ion conductivity bottleneck for the cost-competitive chloride solid electrolytes
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作者 Lv Hu Hui Li +3 位作者 Fang Chen Yating Liu Jinzhu Wang Cheng Ma 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期1-8,I0001,共9页
Chloride solid electrolytes possess multiple advantages for the construction of safe,energy-dense allsolid-state sodium batteries,but presently the chlorides with sufficiently high cost-competitiveness for commerciali... Chloride solid electrolytes possess multiple advantages for the construction of safe,energy-dense allsolid-state sodium batteries,but presently the chlorides with sufficiently high cost-competitiveness for commercialization almost all exhibit low Na-ion conductivities of around 10^(-5)S cm^(-1)or lower.Here,we report a chloride solid electrolyte,Na_(2.7)ZFCl_(5.3)O_(0.7),which reaches a Na-ion conductivity of 2.29×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 25℃without involving overly expensive raw materials such as rare-earth chlorides or Na_(2)S.In addition to the efficient ion transport,Na_(2.7)ZrCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)also shows an excellent deformability surpassing that of the widely studied Na_(3)PS_(4),Na_(3)SbS_(4),and Na_(2)ZrCl_(6)solid electrolytes.The combination of these advantages allows the all-solid-state cell based on Na_(2.7)ZrCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)and NaCrO_(2)to realize stable room-temperature cycling at a much higher specific current than those based on other non-viscoelastic chloride solid electrolytes in literature(120 mA g^(-1)vs.12-55 mA g^(-1));after 100 cycles at such a high rate,the Na_(2.7)ZFCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)-based cell can still deliver a discharge capacity of 80 mAh g^(-1)at25℃. 展开更多
关键词 All-solid-state sodium batteries Ionic conductivities Solid electrolytes chlorides High voltage stability
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Experimental Study on the Chloride Ion Concentration of Cement Pastes Prepared with Limestone Powder
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作者 ZHANG Kaijian HUANG Zeping +1 位作者 JIA Xuxiu WANG Dehui 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期1474-1483,共10页
To investigate the impact of limestone powder on the chloride ion concentration coefficient of cement pastes,various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermogravimetric analys... To investigate the impact of limestone powder on the chloride ion concentration coefficient of cement pastes,various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and mercury-porosimetry(MIP)were employed in this paper.The findings demonstrate that the creation of Friedel's salt is inversely associated with the addition of limestone powder,that is,Friedel's salt production is lessened by adding more limestone powder,however,the coefficient of chloride ion concentration initially decreased and then increased again,as does the porosity,and most likely the pore size as well.The specific surface area of limestone powder has increased,and the content of Friedel’s salt increased first and then decreased.However,the shifting trend of Friedel's salt and chloride ion concentration coefficient is in direct opposition,and the pore structure was therefore significantly enhanced.The results of this study offer robust theoretical backing for the inclusion of limestone powder in concrete and provide a positive assessment of its potential applications. 展开更多
关键词 limestone powder specific surface area CONTENT friedel's salt chloride ion concentration coefficient
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Influence of Polyaluminum Chloride Residue on the Strength andMicrostructure of Cement-Based Materials
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作者 Ping Xu Zhiwei Zhang +2 位作者 Zhenguo Hou Mankui Zheng Jin Tong 《Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing》 EI 2024年第6期1299-1312,共14页
In this paper,cement and dechlorinated Polyaluminum Chloride Residue(PACR)have been used to prepare a net slurry and mortar specimens.Two hydration activity indicators have been used to quantitatively analyze the dech... In this paper,cement and dechlorinated Polyaluminum Chloride Residue(PACR)have been used to prepare a net slurry and mortar specimens.Two hydration activity indicators have been used to quantitatively analyze the dechlorinated PACR hydration activity.In particular,the effect of dechlorinated PACR content on the compressive strength of mortar has been assessed by means of compressive strength tests.Moreover,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)have been employed to observe the microstructure of the considered hydration products.The following results have been obtained.The 28th day activity index of the dechlorinated PACR is 75%,and therefore it meets the criterion for the use of active admixture.The increase in the content of the dechlorinated PACR tends to reduce the compressive strength of mortar specimens,however,it is beneficial to its later strength growth.When the content is not greater than 10%,the strength remains unchanged,otherwise,it decreases.The PACR does not form a new crystalline phase in the cement slurry,and the dechlorinated PACR remains active until the age of the 28th day.The inclusion of the PACR mainly deteriorates the early strength of the cement slurry,but it promotes the production of hydration products in the cement slurry after the 7th day. 展开更多
关键词 Dechlorinated polyaluminum chloride residue activity index STRENGTH MICROSTRUCTURE hydration product
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Fabrication of pollution-free coal gangue-based catalytic material utilizing ferrous chloride as activator for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation
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作者 Zhiming Sun Xinlin Wang +3 位作者 Shaoran Jia Jialin Liang Xiaotian Ning Chunquan Li 《International Journal of Coal Science & Technology》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期103-118,共16页
Novel coal gangue-based persulfate catalyst(CG-FeCl_(2))was successfully synthesized by the means of calcinating under nitrogen atmosphere with the addition of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate(FeCl_(2)·_(4)H_(2)O).T... Novel coal gangue-based persulfate catalyst(CG-FeCl_(2))was successfully synthesized by the means of calcinating under nitrogen atmosphere with the addition of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate(FeCl_(2)·_(4)H_(2)O).The phase transformation of the prepared materials and gas products during the heating process are thoroughly investigated.It is suggested that ferrous chloride participated in the phase transformation and formed Si-O-Fe bonds.And the main gaseous products are H_(2)O,H_(2),and HCl during the heating process.Besides,the ability of CG-FeCl_(2) to activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for catalytic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and phenol was deeply studied.More than 95%of naphthyl,phenanthrene and phenol were removed under optimizied conditions.In addition,1O_(2),·OH,and SO_(4)·−were involved in the CG-FeCl_(2)/PMS system from the free radical scavenging experiment,where 1O_(2) played a major role during the oxidation process.Furthermore,CG-FeCl_(2)/PMS system exhibited superior stability in a relatively wide pH range and the presence of common anion from related degradation experiments.Overall,the novel CG-FeCl_(2) is an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst,displaying potential application prospect in the field of PAHs and phenol-contaminated wastewater treatment. 展开更多
关键词 Coal gangue Persulfate activation Advanced oxidation processes Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Phenol Ferrous chloride
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Coupling Effect of Cryogenic Freeze-Thaw Cycles and Chloride Ion Erosion Effect in Pre-Cracked Reinforced Concrete
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作者 Yang Li Sibo Jiang Ruixin Lan 《Structural Durability & Health Monitoring》 EI 2024年第3期255-276,共22页
Chloride (Cl−) ion erosion effects can seriously impact the safety and service life of marine liquefied natural gas(LNG) storage tanks and other polar offshore structures. This study investigates the impact of differe... Chloride (Cl−) ion erosion effects can seriously impact the safety and service life of marine liquefied natural gas(LNG) storage tanks and other polar offshore structures. This study investigates the impact of different low-temperaturecycles (20°C, –80°C, and −160°C) and concrete specimen crack widths (0, 0.3, and 0.6 mm) on the Cl−ion diffusion performance through rapid erosion tests conducted on pre-cracked concrete. The results show thatthe minimum temperature and crack width of freeze-thaw cycles enhance the erosive effect of chloride ions. TheCl− ion concentration and growth rate increased with the increasing crack width. Based on the experimental modeland in accordance with Fick’s second law of diffusion, the Cl− ion diffusion equation was modified by introducingcorrection factors in consideration of the freeze-thaw temperature, crack width, and their coupling effect.The experimental and fitting results obtained from this model can provide excellent reference for practical engineeringapplications. 展开更多
关键词 chloride ions freeze-thaw cycles cracks
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Mepiquat chloride increases the Cry1Ac protein content of Bt cotton under high temperature and drought stress by regulating carbon and amino acid metabolism
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作者 Dian Jin Yuting Liu +7 位作者 Zhenyu Liu Yuyang Dai Jianing Du Run He Tianfan Wu Yuan Chen Dehua Chen Xiang Zhang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第12期4032-4045,共14页
The effects of mepiquat chloride(DPC)on the Cry1Ac protein content in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton boll shells under high temperature and drought stress were investigated to provide a theoretical reference for Bt ... The effects of mepiquat chloride(DPC)on the Cry1Ac protein content in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton boll shells under high temperature and drought stress were investigated to provide a theoretical reference for Bt cotton breeding and high-yield and-efficiency cotton cultivation.This study was conducted using Bt cotton cultivar‘Sikang 3'during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons at Yangzhou University Farm,Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province,China.Potted cotton plants were exposed to high temperature and drought stress,and sprayed with either 20 mg L^(-1)DPC or water(CK).Seven days after treatment,the Cry1Ac protein content,α-ketoglutarate content,pyruvic acid content,glutamate synthase activity,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity,soluble protein content,and amino acid content were measured,and transcriptome sequencing was performed.DESeq was used for differential gene analysis.Under the DPC treatment,the Cry1Ac protein content increased by 4.7-11.9% compared to CK.Theα-ketoglutarate content,pyruvic acid content,glutamate synthase activity,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity,soluble protein content,and amino acid content all increased.Transcriptome analysis revealed 7,542 upregulated genes and 10,449 downregulated genes for DPC vs.CK.Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes(KEGG)analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in biological processes,such as carbon and amino acid metabolism.For example,genes encoding 6-phosphofructokinase,pyruvate kinase,glutamic pyruvate transaminase,pyruvate dehydrogenase,citrate synthase,isocitrate dehydrogenase,2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase,glutamate synthase,1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,amino-acid N-acetyltransferase,and acetylornithine deacetylase were all significantly upregulated.The DPC treatment increased pyruvate,α-ketoglutarate,and oxaloacetate by increasing the operational rate of the glycolytic pathway of the citric acid cycle.It also significantly upregulated the genes encoding glutamate synthase,pyrrolidine-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase,glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase,and N-acetylglutamate synthetase,while it downregulated the genes encoding glutamine synthetase.Therefore,the synthesis of aspartic acid,glutamic acid,pyruvate,and arginine increased after treatment with DPC,and the Cry1Ac protein content was increased by regulating carbon and amino acid metabolism. 展开更多
关键词 amino acid metabolism Bt cotton carbon metabolism Cry1Ac protein mepiquat chloride
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Experimental investigation of the inhibition of deep-sea mining sediment plumes by polyaluminum chloride
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作者 Fengpeng Zhang Xuguang Chen +3 位作者 Jiakang Wei Yangyang Zhang Weikun Xu Hao Li 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期91-104,共14页
Deep-sea sediment disturbance may occur when collecting polymetallic nodules,resulting in the creation of plumes that could have a negative impact on the ecological environment.This study aims to investigate the poten... Deep-sea sediment disturbance may occur when collecting polymetallic nodules,resulting in the creation of plumes that could have a negative impact on the ecological environment.This study aims to investigate the potential solution of using polyaluminum chloride(PAC)in the water jet.The effects of PAC are examined through a self-designed simulation system for deep-sea polymetallic nodule collection and sediment samples from a potential deep-sea mining area.The experimental results showed that the optimal PAC dose was found to be 0.75 g/L.Compared with the test conditions without the addition of PAC,the presence of PAC leads to a reduction in volume,lower characteristic turbidity,smaller diffusion velocity,and shorter settling time of the plume.This indicates that PAC inhibits the entire development process of the plume.The addition of PAC leads to the flocculation of mm-sized particles,resulting in the formation of cm-sized flocs.The flocculation of particles decreases the rate of erosion on the seabed by around 30%.This reduction in erosion helps to decrease the formation of plumes.Additionally,when the size of suspended particles increases,it reduces the scale at which they diffuse.Furthermore,the settling velocity of flocs(around 10^(-2) m/s)is much higher that of compared to sediment particles(around 10^(-5) m/s),which effectively reduces the amount of time the plume remains in suspension. 展开更多
关键词 Deep-sea mining Deep-sea polymetallic nodules Sediment plume Polyaluminum chloride Jet impact Particle flocculation
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Effectiveness of Sodium Silicate on the Corrosion Protection of AA7075-T6 Aluminium Alloy in Sodium Chloride Solution
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作者 Francesco Rosalbino Giorgio Scavino Graziano Ubertalli 《Materials Sciences and Applications》 2024年第4期53-65,共13页
The influence of sodium silicate on the corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy 7075-T6 in 0.1 M sodium chloride solution was studied by open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tec... The influence of sodium silicate on the corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy 7075-T6 in 0.1 M sodium chloride solution was studied by open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the AA7075-T6 surface. Silicate can significantly reduce corrosion deterioration and the inhibition efficiency increases with the concentration of Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>. The corrosion inhibition mechanism involves the formation of a protective film over the alloy surface by adsorption of aluminosilicate anions from solution, as has also been suggested by others in literature. 展开更多
关键词 Aluminium Alloy 7075-T6 SILICATE Sodium chloride Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
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A cleaner two-step synthesis of high purity diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomers for flocculant preparation 被引量:12
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作者 TIAN Bing-hui FAN Bin +1 位作者 PENG Xian-jia LUAN Zhao-kun 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第5期798-801,共4页
In order to improve the flocculation efficiency of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride(PDADMAC), high molecular weight PDADMAC should be prepared from high purity diallyldimethylammonium chloride(DADMAC) monomers... In order to improve the flocculation efficiency of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride(PDADMAC), high molecular weight PDADMAC should be prepared from high purity diallyldimethylammonium chloride(DADMAC) monomers. In this paper, a cleaner method with microwave irradiation and alkali solidification was proposed for preparing high pure DADMAC by selective heating under low temperature, and the prepared high purity DADMAC is characterized using FTIR and atomic absorption spectrometry. The new method provides a solution to the key technical problem of PDADMAC synthesis. Comparing with the conventional methods, the results showed that the advantages of the novel synthesis include: (a) high purity DADMAC is improved from 57% to 71% ; (b) reaction time of tertiary amine preparation is shortened from 6 h to 7 min; (c) water instead of acetone was used as reaction medium; (d) toxic by-products, wastewater and waste gas are eliminated. Flocculant made from the synthesized high purity DADMAC monomers was proved more efficient in flocculation tests. 展开更多
关键词 diallyldimethylammonium chloride microwave irradiation FLOCCULANT cleaner process
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Carboxylative Suzuki coupling reactions of benzyl chlorides with allyl pinacolborate catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles 被引量:4
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作者 Jian Sun Jiasheng Wang +5 位作者 Xiujuan Feng Yoshinori Yamamoto Abdulrahman I.Almansour Natarajan Arumugam Raju Suresh Kumar Ming Bao 《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2018年第7期1258-1262,共5页
Palladium-catalyzed carboxylative Suzuki coupling reactions of benzyl chlorides with allyl pinacol-borate were successfully conducted in the absence of any extra ligand to produce β,γ-unsaturated esters in satisfact... Palladium-catalyzed carboxylative Suzuki coupling reactions of benzyl chlorides with allyl pinacol-borate were successfully conducted in the absence of any extra ligand to produce β,γ-unsaturated esters in satisfactory to good yields. The carboxylative Suzuki coupling reaction proceeded smooth-ly under mild conditions in the presence of palladium nanoparticles generated in situ through the formation of a π-benzylpalladium chloride intermediate. 展开更多
关键词 Palladium nanoparticles Carboxylative Suzuki coupling Carbon dioxide Benzyl chlorides allyl pinacolborate
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Synthesis and structure characterization of diethyldiallylammonium chloride 被引量:5
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作者 刘立华 龚竹青 郑雅杰 《Journal of Central South University of Technology》 2003年第4期347-351,共5页
The unsaturated quaternary ammonium salt diethyldiallylammonium chloride(DEDAAC) was synthesized in a two-step synthetic method. The influences of the adding method of raw materials and temperature on the yields of di... The unsaturated quaternary ammonium salt diethyldiallylammonium chloride(DEDAAC) was synthesized in a two-step synthetic method. The influences of the adding method of raw materials and temperature on the yields of diethylallylamine (DEAA), and drying and temperature on the synthesis of DEDAAC were investigated. The content of in-process product DEAA was determined by non-aqueous titration. The structure of product DEDAAC was identified with IR, 1 H NMR and elemental analysis. The results show that adding allyl chloride and sodium hydroxide alternately can increase the yield of DEAA and decrease by-products. In further synthesizing of DEDAAC from DEAA, the step of drying DEAA is very necessary. When DEAA is dried by solid sodium hydroxide, good columnar crystals with a high purity(mp 199.5-201.0 ℃) are obtained; when DEAA is undried or the content of water in DEAA is above 20%, only platelets with bad quality are obtained even without crystals. The suitable synthesis conditions for DEAA and DEDAAC are 35 ℃, 6 h and 40 ℃, 36 h, respectively, and their yields are 69.7% and 67.3%, respectively. 展开更多
关键词 UNSATURATED quaternary ammoniun salt diethylallylamine diethyldiallylammonium chloride DIETHYLAMINE allylchloride SYNTHESIS characterization
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FTIR analysis of adsorption of poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride on kaolinite 被引量:4
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作者 孙伟 刘文莉 胡岳华 《Journal of Central South University of Technology》 EI 2008年第3期373-377,共5页
The flocculation behavior of ultrafine kaolinite suspension was investigated through settlement tests and FTIR method was employed to probe the adsorption mechanism of flocculant on kaolinite. The results show that th... The flocculation behavior of ultrafine kaolinite suspension was investigated through settlement tests and FTIR method was employed to probe the adsorption mechanism of flocculant on kaolinite. The results show that the maximum settling rate of kaolinite occurs at pH value of 3.33,which is close to the point of zero charge(PZC) of kaolinite (3.5). This result is in good agreement with the double electric layer theory. Kaolinite suspension reaches the largest settling rate at a low concentration of 39 g/t for poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride(PDADMA) flocculant,whereas for polyacrylamides(PAM) the dosage is required to be 500 g/t. When macromolecule polymer is adsorbed on surface,kaolinite particles may be flocculant due to the bridging effect. There are cation flocculant characteristic bands on the spectrum of kaolinite but no obvious shifting. Thus,the adsorption of poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride on kaolinite surface is physical adsorption. 展开更多
关键词 ADSORPTION FTIR spectrum KAOLINITE poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride ELECTROSTATIC FLOCCULANT
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Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor Based on Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes-graphene Hybrid Film 被引量:1
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作者 Xia Sun Zhili Gong +1 位作者 Yaoyao Cao Xiangyou Wang 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第1期47-56,共10页
In this paper, an amperometric acetylcholinesterase(ACh E) biosensor for quantitative determination of carbaryl was developed. Firstly, the poly(diallyldimethy-lammonium chloride)-multi-walled carbon nanotubes-graphen... In this paper, an amperometric acetylcholinesterase(ACh E) biosensor for quantitative determination of carbaryl was developed. Firstly, the poly(diallyldimethy-lammonium chloride)-multi-walled carbon nanotubes-graphene hybrid film was modified onto the glassy carbon electrode(GCE) surface, then ACh E was immobilized onto the modified GCE to fabricate the ACh E biosensor. The morphologies and electrochemistry properties of the prepared ACh E biosensor were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. All variables involved in the preparation process and analytical performance of the biosensor were optimized. Based on the inhibition of pesticides on the ACh E activity, using carbaryl as model compounds, the biosensor exhibited low detection limit, good reproducibility and high stability in a wide range. Moreover, the biosensor can also be used for direct analysis of practical samples, which would provide a new promising tool for pesticide residues analysis. 展开更多
关键词 BIOSENSOR ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE Multi-walled carbon nanotubes GRAPHENE Poly(diallyldimethy lammonium chloride)
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