The messenger RNA 3'-untranslated region(3'UTR)plays an important role in regulation of gene expres-sion on the posttranscriptional level. The 3'UTR con-trols gene expression via orchestrated interactionbe...The messenger RNA 3'-untranslated region(3'UTR)plays an important role in regulation of gene expres-sion on the posttranscriptional level. The 3'UTR con-trols gene expression via orchestrated interactionbetween the structural components of mRNAs(cis-ele-ment) and the specific trans-acting factors(RNA bind-ing proteins and non-coding RNAs). The crosstalk ofthese factors is based on the binding sequences and/or direct protein-protein interaction, or just functionalinteraction. Much new evidence that has accumulatedsupports the idea that several RNA binding factors canbind to common mRNA targets: to the non-overlappingbinding sites or to common sites in a competitive fash-ion. Various factors capable of binding to the sameRNA can cooperate or be antagonistic in their actions.The outcome of the collective function of all factorsbound to the same mRNA 3'UTR depends on manycircumstances, such as their expression levels, affinity to the binding sites, and localization in the cell, which can be controlled by various physiological conditions. Moreover, the functional and/or physical interactions of the factors binding to 3'UTR can change the character of their actions. These interactions vary during the cell cycle and in response to changing physiological condi-tions. Abnormal functioning of the factors can lead to disease. In this review we will discuss how alterations of these factors or their interaction can affect cancer development and promote or enhance the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Understanding these altera-tions and their impact on 3'UTR-directed posttran-scriptional gene regulation will uncover promising new targets for therapeutic intervention and diagnostics. We will also discuss emerging new tools in cancer di-agnostics and therapy based on 3'UTR binding factors and approaches to improve them.展开更多
Objective:To study evolutionary relationship of the 5'untranslated regions(5'UTRs) in low passage dengue3 viruses(DEN3) isolated from hospitalized children with different clinical manifestations in Bangkok dur...Objective:To study evolutionary relationship of the 5'untranslated regions(5'UTRs) in low passage dengue3 viruses(DEN3) isolated from hospitalized children with different clinical manifestations in Bangkok during 24 year-evolution(1977-2000) comparing to the DEN3prototype(H87).Methods:The 5'UTRs of these Thai DEN3 and the H87 prototype were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced.Their multiple sequence alignments were done by Codon Code Aligner v 4.0.4 software and their RNA secondary structures were predicted by MFOLD software.Replication of five Thai DEN3 candidates comparing to the 1187 prototype were done in human(HepG2) and the mosquito(C6/36) cell lines.Results:Among these Thai DEN3,the completely identical sequences of their first 89 nucleotides,their high-order secondary structure of 5'UTRs and three SNPs including the predominant C90 T,and two minor SNPs including A109 G and A112 G were found.The C90 T of Thai DEN3.Bangkok isolates was shown predominantly before 1977.Five Thai DEN3 candidates with the predominant C90 T were shown to replicate in human(HepG2) and the mosquito(C6/36) cell lines better than the H87 prototype.However,their highly conserved sequences as well as SNPs of the 5'UTR did not appear to correlate with their disease severity in human.Conclusions:Our findings highlighted evolutionary relationship of the completely identical 89 nucleotide sequence,the high-order secondary structure and the predominant C90 T of the 5'UTR of these Thai DEN3 during 24 year-evolution further suggesting to be their genetic markers and magic targets for future research on antiviral therapy as well as vaccine approaches of Thai DEN3.展开更多
The fine-tuned expression dynamics of the effector genes are pivotal for the transition from vegetative growth to host colonization of pathogenic filamentous fungi.However,mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation ...The fine-tuned expression dynamics of the effector genes are pivotal for the transition from vegetative growth to host colonization of pathogenic filamentous fungi.However,mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of these genes remain largely unknown.Here,through comparative transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)analyses of the methyltransferase PoKmt6 in rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae(syn.Magnaporthe oryzae),we found that PoKmt6-mediated H3K27me3 deposition was enriched mainly at fast-evolving regions and contributed to the silencing of a subset of secreted proteins(SP)and transposable element(TE)families during the vegetative growth of P.oryzae.Intriguingly,we observed that a group of SP genes,which were depleted of H3K27me3 modification,could also be silenced via the H3K27me3-mediated repression of the nearby TEs.In conclusion,our results indicate that H3K27me3 modification mediated by PoKmt6 regulates the expression of some SP genes in fast-evolving regions through the suppression of nearby TEs.展开更多
The acquisition of digital regional-scale information and ecological environmental data has high requirements for structural texture,spatial res-olution,and multiple parameter categories,which is challenging to achiev...The acquisition of digital regional-scale information and ecological environmental data has high requirements for structural texture,spatial res-olution,and multiple parameter categories,which is challenging to achieve using satellite remote sensing.Considering the convenient,facilitative,and flexible characteristics of UAV(unmanned air vehicle)remote sensing tech-nology,this study selects a campus as a typical research area and uses the Pegasus D2000 equipped with a D-MSPC2000 multi-spectral camera and a CAM3000 aerial camera to acquire oblique images and multi-spectral data.Using professional software,including Context Capture,ENVI,and ArcGIS,a 3D(three-dimensional)campus model,a digital orthophoto map,and multi-spectral remote sensing map drawing are realized,and the geometric accuracy of typical feature selection is evaluated.Based on a quantitative remote sensing model,the campus ecological environment assessment is performed from the perspectives of vegetation and water body.The results presented in this study could be of great significance to the scientific management and sustainable development of regional natural resources.展开更多
Based on the first arrival P and S data of 4 625 regional earthquakes recorded at 174 stations dispersed in the Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces, the 3-D velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in the region is deter...Based on the first arrival P and S data of 4 625 regional earthquakes recorded at 174 stations dispersed in the Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces, the 3-D velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in the region is determined, incorporating with previous deep geophysical data. In the upper crust, a positive anomaly velocity zone exists in the Sichuan basin, whereas a negative anomaly velocity zone exists in the western Sichuan plateau. The boundary between the positive and negative anomaly zones is the Longmenshan fault zone. The images of lower crust and upper mantle in the Longmenshan fault, Xianshuihe fault, Honghe fault and others show the characteristic of tectonic boundary, indicating that the faults likely penetrate the Moho discontinuity. The negative velocity anomalies at the depth of 50 km in the Tengchong volcanic area and the Panxi tectonic zone appear to be associated with the temperature and composition variations in the upper mantle. The overall features of the crustal and the upper mantle structures in the SichuanYunnan region are the lower average velocity in both crust and uppermost mantle, the large crustal thickness variations, and the existence of high conductivity layer in the crust or/and upper mantle, and higher geothermal value. All these features are closely related to the collision between the India and the Asia plates. The crustal velocity in the SichuanYunnan rhombic block generally shows normal value or positive anomaly, while the negative anomaly exists in the area along the large strike-slip faults as the block boundary. It is conducive to the crustal block side-pressing out along the faults. In the major seismic zones, the seismicity is relative to the negative anomaly velocity. Most strong earthquakes occurred in the upper-mid crust with positive anomaly or normal velocity, where the negative anomaly zone generally exists below.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the in vitro effect of amoxicillin and clarithromycin on the cag pathogenicity island(cag PAI).METHODS:One hundred and forty-nine clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)cultured from gastric...AIM:To evaluate the in vitro effect of amoxicillin and clarithromycin on the cag pathogenicity island(cag PAI).METHODS:One hundred and forty-nine clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)cultured from gastric biopsies from 206 Colombian patients with dyspeptic symptoms from a high-risk area for gastric cancer were included as study material.Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method.Resistant isolates at baseline and in amoxicillin and clarithromycin serial dilutions were subjected to genotyping(cagA,vacA alleles s and m),Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala(EPIYA)polymerase chain reaction and random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD).Images of the RAPD amplicons were analyzed by Gel-Pro Analyzer 4.5program.Cluster analyses was done using SPSS 15.0statistical package,where each of the fingerprint bands were denoted as variables.Dendrograms were designed by following Ward’s clustering method and the estimation of distances between each pair of H.pylori isolates was calculated with the squared Euclidean distance.RESULTS:Resistance rates were 4%for amoxicillin and 2.7%for clarithromycin with 2%double resistances.Genotyping evidenced a high prevalence of the genotype cagA-positive/vacA s1m1.The 3’region of cagA gene was successfully amplified in 92.3%(12/13)of the baseline resistant isolates and in 60%(36/60)of the resistant isolates growing in antibiotic dilutions.Upon observing the distribution of the number of EPIYA repetitions in each dilution with respect to baseline isolates,it was found that in 61.5%(8/13)of the baseline isolates,a change in the number of EPIYA repetitions lowered antibiotic pressure.The gain and loss of EPIYA motifs resulted in a diversity of H.pylori subclones after bacterial adjustment to changing conditions product of antibiotic pressure.RAPD PCR evidenced the close clonal relationship between baseline isolates and isolates growing in antibiotic dilutions.CONCLUSION:Antibiotic pressure does not induce loss of the cag pathogenicity island,but it can leadin most cases-to genetic rearrangements within the3’region cagA of the founding bacteria that can affect the level of tyrosine phosphorylation impacting on its cellular effects and lead to divergence of cagA-positive subclones.展开更多
The development of 3D geological models involves the integration of large amounts of geological data,as well as additional accessible proprietary lithological, structural,geochemical,geophysical,and borehole data.Luan...The development of 3D geological models involves the integration of large amounts of geological data,as well as additional accessible proprietary lithological, structural,geochemical,geophysical,and borehole data.Luanchuan,the case study area,southwestern Henan Province,is an important molybdenum-tungsten -lead-zinc polymetallic belt in China.展开更多
At the 3' end of genomic hepatitis C virus(HCV) RNA there is a highly conserved untranslated region,the 3'X-tail,which forms part of the 3'UTR.This region plays key functions in regulation of critical proc...At the 3' end of genomic hepatitis C virus(HCV) RNA there is a highly conserved untranslated region,the 3'X-tail,which forms part of the 3'UTR.This region plays key functions in regulation of critical processes of the viral life cycle.The 3'X region is essential for viral replication and infectivity.It is also responsible for regulation of switching between translation and transcription of the viral RNA.There is some evidence indicating the contribution of the 3'X region to the translation efficiency of the viral polyprotein and to the encapsidation process.Several different secondary structure models of the 3'X region,based on computer predictions and experimental structure probing,have been proposed.It is likely that the 3'X region adopts more than one structural form in infected cells and that a specific equilibrium between the various forms regulates several aspects of the viral life cycle.The most intriguing explanations of the structural heterogeneity problem of the 3'X region came with the discovery of its involvement in long-range RNA-RNA interactions and the potential for homodimer formation.This article summarizes current knowledge on the structure and function of the 3'X region of hepatitis C genomic RNA,reviews previous opinions,presents new hypotheses and summarizes the questions that still remain unanswered.展开更多
Infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is a putative cause of various gastric disorders, including gastric adenocarcinoma. Incident rates are associated with variants of the H. pylori virulence factor cytotoxi...Infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is a putative cause of various gastric disorders, including gastric adenocarcinoma. Incident rates are associated with variants of the H. pylori virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A protein (CagA), encoded by the gene cagA. However, these variants have not been characterized in China, where gastric cancer is common. We investigated the diversity of CagA variants in H. pylori strains isolated from a Chinese population. The 3' variable region of cagA genes from 66 clinical isolates in China were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, aligned, and analyzed. All 66 H. pylori strains were CagA-positive, of which 93.9% were East Asian type and the tyrosine phosphorylation motifs (TPMs) were EPIYA-ABD. The remainder was Western type, in which TPMs were EPIYA-ABC. Interestingly, two of sixty-two strains (3.2%) of the East Asian type were mutated into ESIYA-B, whereas all four Western type (100%) strains were mutated into EPIYT-B. Both of the two strains with Western-type CagA obtained from gastric cancer patients contained a distinguished mutation on the first residue following the EPIYA site in the EPIYA-A motif. The predominant CagA type in these H. pylori strains isolated from Chinese patients in China was East Asian, with TPMs EPIYA-ABD, and there existed mutations in both the East Asian and Western type CagA.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Some scholars believed that the neuronal injury after status epilepticus is apoptosis,the main evidence is the changes of expressions of various apoptosis releted genes,such as immediate-early gene,p53 gen...BACKGROUND: Some scholars believed that the neuronal injury after status epilepticus is apoptosis,the main evidence is the changes of expressions of various apoptosis releted genes,such as immediate-early gene,p53 gene and genes of bcl-2 family,etc.But there is still no ultrastructural evidence for apoptosis.OBJECTIVE: To observe the ultrastructural damages of mitochondrion and nucleus and the changes of caspase expression in neurons of hippocampal CA3 region in rats with status epilepticus induced by kainic acid.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Neurology,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University.MATERIALS: Seventy-five adult male Wistar rats of 250-300 g.clean degree,were provided by the experimental animal center of Shandong University.Kainic acid was purchased from Sigma Company (USA);rabbit anti-rat polyclonal antibody caspase-3 from Santa Cruz Company(USA).METHODS:The experiments were carried out in the Department of Anesthesiology,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from October 2005 to February 2006.①The 75 rats were randomly divided into experimental group (n=45)and control group(n=30).②Model establishment,convulsion grading and the judging standards for status epilepticus:Rats in the experimental group were given intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid(10 mg/kg),and those in the control group were injected with saline of the same volume.The time of seizure was recorded and their behavioral manifestations were observed,and the seizure was terminated by intraperitoneal injection of diazepam(10 mg/kg).③Observation under electron microscope:At 3, 12 and 24 hours after status epilepticus respectively,bilateral hippocampal tissues were taken out,semithin sections of about 75 nm were prepared after fixation,dehydration and embedding,and then observed under H-800 transmission electron microscope.④Immunohistochemical detection:Bilateral hippocampi were removed at 3,12 and 24 hours after status epilepticus respectively,the fixation,dehydration,transparence,wax immersion and embedding were performed,then serial sections of CA3 region were immunohistochemically determined by the SABC method.Leica QWinV3 image analytical software was applied,then the average number and average gray value of positive cells were calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Results of observation under electron microscope,that of immunohistochemical staining of neurons in hippocampal CA3 region;Comparison of number of caspase-3 positive cells and gray value.RESULTS: All the 75 Wistar rats were involved in the analysis of results.①Results of observation under electron microscope:At 3 hours after status epilepticus,swelling crista and membranous disintegration were observed under electron microscope.At 24 hours,obvious nuclear changes occurred,and manifested as the side-aggegation of chromatins.②Results of immunohistochemical detection:In the experimental group,the number of caspase-3 positive cells at 3 hours after status epilepticus had no obvious difference as compared with that in the control group(P＞0.05):At 12 hours,the number and gray value of caspase-3 positive cells in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (10.49±0.68 vs.5.33±0.43;45.57±2.27 vs,19.79±0.33,P＜0.05),the same results were also observed at 24 hours(37.36±0.57 vs.5.12±0.47;115.24±1.22 vs.18.73±0.42,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:In the rat models of status epilepticus induced by kainic acid,mitochondrial damage was earlier than the increase of caspase-3 expression and nuclear changes,which suggested that mitochondrion was the key link for the neuronal death after status epilepticus.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verda...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To carry out a 3D vector reconstruction of the muscles of the ventral region of the neck from anatomical sections of the “Korean Visible Human” for educational purposes. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The anatomical subject was a 33-year-old Korean man who died of leukemia. He was 164 cm tall and weighed 55</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">kgs</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The anatomical sections were made in 2010 after an MRI and a CT scan. A special saw (cryomacrotome) made it possible to make cuts 0.2 mm thick on the frozen body, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 5960 cuts. Sections numbered 1500 to 2000 (or 500 cuts covering the neck) were used for our study. A segmentation by manual contouring of each anatomical element of the anterior neck region was done using Winsurf version 3.5 software on a laptop PC running Windows 7 equipped with an 8 gigabyte RAM. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We modeled the sternocleidomastoid muscles, the supra-hyoid muscles, the infra-hyoid muscles and the muscle structures of the anterior neck region, the aero-digestive axis of the anterior neck region and the vasculo-nervous axis of the neck. This model is easily manipulated using the Acrobat 3Dpdf interface. Each item accessible in a menu can be displayed, hidden or made transparent, and 3D labels are available as well as educational menus for learning anatomy. This vector model has been integrated into the Diva3d virtual dissection table, a new educational tool used by universities and medical schools to learn anatomy. This model was also uploaded to the Sketchfab</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">?</span></sup></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> website and 3D printed using an ENDER</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">?</span></sup></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pro 3 printer. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This original work constitutes a remarkable educational tool for the anatomical study of the anterior neck region and can also be used as a 3D atlas for simulation purposes for training in therapeutic gestures.展开更多
本研究旨在通过TB Green Real-time PCR的方法对国内6个省(四川省、山西省、河南省、河北省、江苏省和内蒙古自治区)的9个规模化养牛场140份以流鼻涕、发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难为特征的病牛呼吸道鼻拭子样本开展牛腺病毒3型(bovine adenovi...本研究旨在通过TB Green Real-time PCR的方法对国内6个省(四川省、山西省、河南省、河北省、江苏省和内蒙古自治区)的9个规模化养牛场140份以流鼻涕、发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难为特征的病牛呼吸道鼻拭子样本开展牛腺病毒3型(bovine adenovirus type 3,BAdV-3)感染状况调查,并对其中的阳性样本进行fiber轴区基因检测。结果显示,140份样品中BAdV-3阳性率为36.4%,除河北省以外,其余各省均有BAdV-3检出,其中,四川及河南省检出率最高,分别达到82.9%(29/35)和83.3%(10/12)。其中,传统型占总阳性比的80.4%,fiber轴区缺失毒株占总阳性样本的19.6%。缺失位置与数量一致,轴区连续缺失237个碱基对(79个氨基酸),且缺失型仅在四川和河南两省检出,检出率分别为24.1%(7/29)和30%(3/10),场群阳性率分别为100%(2/2)和100%(1/1)。结果表明,BAdV-3已在我国牛场中广泛分布,目前流行的主要以传统型毒株为主,fiber轴区缺失毒株在我国具有独特的地域分布,主要在四川和河南省流行。展开更多
Myostatin, with a highly conservative gene among breeds is a negative regulator of muscle. The 3′ coding regions of wild boar and crossbred pig myostatin were cloned by RT-PCR and sequenced respectively. The homology...Myostatin, with a highly conservative gene among breeds is a negative regulator of muscle. The 3′ coding regions of wild boar and crossbred pig myostatin were cloned by RT-PCR and sequenced respectively. The homology of the nucleotide sequence between wild boar and crossbred pig was 100% and there was no difference in this region compared with pig myostatin gene of Genbank. This indicated that there was not change of gene sequence in this region during the evolution processes.展开更多
The staggered distribution of joints and fissures in space constitutes the weak part of any rock mass.The identification of rock mass structural planes and the extraction of characteristic parameters are the basis of ...The staggered distribution of joints and fissures in space constitutes the weak part of any rock mass.The identification of rock mass structural planes and the extraction of characteristic parameters are the basis of rock-mass integrity evaluation,which is very important for analysis of slope stability.The laser scanning technique can be used to acquire the coordinate information pertaining to each point of the structural plane,but large amount of point cloud data,uneven density distribution,and noise point interference make the identification efficiency and accuracy of different types of structural planes limited by point cloud data analysis technology.A new point cloud identification and segmentation algorithm for rock mass structural surfaces is proposed.Based on the distribution states of the original point cloud in different neighborhoods in space,the point clouds are characterized by multi-dimensional eigenvalues and calculated by the robust randomized Hough transform(RRHT).The normal vector difference and the final eigenvalue are proposed for characteristic distinction,and the identification of rock mass structural surfaces is completed through regional growth,which strengthens the difference expression of point clouds.In addition,nearest Voxel downsampling is also introduced in the RRHT calculation,which further reduces the number of sources of neighborhood noises,thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the calculation.The advantages of the method have been verified by laboratory models.The results showed that the proposed method can better achieve the segmentation and statistics of structural planes with interfaces and sharp boundaries.The method works well in the identification of joints,fissures,and other structural planes on Mangshezhai slope in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,China.It can provide a stable and effective technique for the identification and segmentation of rock mass structural planes,which is beneficial in engineering practice.展开更多
Objective To screen the proteins associated with four-and-a-half LIM domains 3(FHL3) 3' untranslated region(3'UTR) in glioma cells. Methods Western blot was adopted to detect the regulatory effect of poly(C)-b...Objective To screen the proteins associated with four-and-a-half LIM domains 3(FHL3) 3' untranslated region(3'UTR) in glioma cells. Methods Western blot was adopted to detect the regulatory effect of poly(C)-binding protein 2(PCBP2) on FHL3. Biotin pull-down and sliver staining were employed to screen and verify the candidate binding proteins of FHL3 3'UTR. Then liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) and molecule annotation system were used to identify and analyze the candidate binding proteins. Immunoprecipitation was conducted to study the interaction between PCBP2 and polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1(PTBP1), a binding protein identified by LC-MS/MS. Results PCBP2 could bind to FHL3 mRNA 3'UTR-A and inhibited the expression of FHL3 in T98 G glioms cells. 22 candidate binding proteins were identified. Among them, there were 11 RNA binding proteins, including PCBP2. PTBP1 associated with FHL3 mRNA 3'UTR and interacted with PCBP2 protein. Conclusion PCBP2 and PTBP1 can both associate with FHL3 mRNA 3'UTR through forming a protein complex.展开更多
文摘The messenger RNA 3'-untranslated region(3'UTR)plays an important role in regulation of gene expres-sion on the posttranscriptional level. The 3'UTR con-trols gene expression via orchestrated interactionbetween the structural components of mRNAs(cis-ele-ment) and the specific trans-acting factors(RNA bind-ing proteins and non-coding RNAs). The crosstalk ofthese factors is based on the binding sequences and/or direct protein-protein interaction, or just functionalinteraction. Much new evidence that has accumulatedsupports the idea that several RNA binding factors canbind to common mRNA targets: to the non-overlappingbinding sites or to common sites in a competitive fash-ion. Various factors capable of binding to the sameRNA can cooperate or be antagonistic in their actions.The outcome of the collective function of all factorsbound to the same mRNA 3'UTR depends on manycircumstances, such as their expression levels, affinity to the binding sites, and localization in the cell, which can be controlled by various physiological conditions. Moreover, the functional and/or physical interactions of the factors binding to 3'UTR can change the character of their actions. These interactions vary during the cell cycle and in response to changing physiological condi-tions. Abnormal functioning of the factors can lead to disease. In this review we will discuss how alterations of these factors or their interaction can affect cancer development and promote or enhance the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Understanding these altera-tions and their impact on 3'UTR-directed posttran-scriptional gene regulation will uncover promising new targets for therapeutic intervention and diagnostics. We will also discuss emerging new tools in cancer di-agnostics and therapy based on 3'UTR binding factors and approaches to improve them.
基金supported by two research grants of Associate Professor Dr.W.Attatippaholkun:Grant No.493-5600-G-00-3461,Program in Science and Technology Cooperation,Human Capacity Development,Bureau for Global Programs,Field Support and Research,US Agency for International Development,Washington,DCThe Royal Golden Jubilee-Ph.D Program,Thailand Research Fund,Thailand
文摘Objective:To study evolutionary relationship of the 5'untranslated regions(5'UTRs) in low passage dengue3 viruses(DEN3) isolated from hospitalized children with different clinical manifestations in Bangkok during 24 year-evolution(1977-2000) comparing to the DEN3prototype(H87).Methods:The 5'UTRs of these Thai DEN3 and the H87 prototype were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced.Their multiple sequence alignments were done by Codon Code Aligner v 4.0.4 software and their RNA secondary structures were predicted by MFOLD software.Replication of five Thai DEN3 candidates comparing to the 1187 prototype were done in human(HepG2) and the mosquito(C6/36) cell lines.Results:Among these Thai DEN3,the completely identical sequences of their first 89 nucleotides,their high-order secondary structure of 5'UTRs and three SNPs including the predominant C90 T,and two minor SNPs including A109 G and A112 G were found.The C90 T of Thai DEN3.Bangkok isolates was shown predominantly before 1977.Five Thai DEN3 candidates with the predominant C90 T were shown to replicate in human(HepG2) and the mosquito(C6/36) cell lines better than the H87 prototype.However,their highly conserved sequences as well as SNPs of the 5'UTR did not appear to correlate with their disease severity in human.Conclusions:Our findings highlighted evolutionary relationship of the completely identical 89 nucleotide sequence,the high-order secondary structure and the predominant C90 T of the 5'UTR of these Thai DEN3 during 24 year-evolution further suggesting to be their genetic markers and magic targets for future research on antiviral therapy as well as vaccine approaches of Thai DEN3.
基金the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1805232,31770156,and 32172365)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M690637)。
文摘The fine-tuned expression dynamics of the effector genes are pivotal for the transition from vegetative growth to host colonization of pathogenic filamentous fungi.However,mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of these genes remain largely unknown.Here,through comparative transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)analyses of the methyltransferase PoKmt6 in rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae(syn.Magnaporthe oryzae),we found that PoKmt6-mediated H3K27me3 deposition was enriched mainly at fast-evolving regions and contributed to the silencing of a subset of secreted proteins(SP)and transposable element(TE)families during the vegetative growth of P.oryzae.Intriguingly,we observed that a group of SP genes,which were depleted of H3K27me3 modification,could also be silenced via the H3K27me3-mediated repression of the nearby TEs.In conclusion,our results indicate that H3K27me3 modification mediated by PoKmt6 regulates the expression of some SP genes in fast-evolving regions through the suppression of nearby TEs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42171311)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science (Grant No.OFSLRSS202218)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of the Hainan Province,China (Grant No.ZDYF2021SHFZ105)the Training Program of Excellent Master Thesis of Zhejiang Ocean University.
文摘The acquisition of digital regional-scale information and ecological environmental data has high requirements for structural texture,spatial res-olution,and multiple parameter categories,which is challenging to achieve using satellite remote sensing.Considering the convenient,facilitative,and flexible characteristics of UAV(unmanned air vehicle)remote sensing tech-nology,this study selects a campus as a typical research area and uses the Pegasus D2000 equipped with a D-MSPC2000 multi-spectral camera and a CAM3000 aerial camera to acquire oblique images and multi-spectral data.Using professional software,including Context Capture,ENVI,and ArcGIS,a 3D(three-dimensional)campus model,a digital orthophoto map,and multi-spectral remote sensing map drawing are realized,and the geometric accuracy of typical feature selection is evaluated.Based on a quantitative remote sensing model,the campus ecological environment assessment is performed from the perspectives of vegetation and water body.The results presented in this study could be of great significance to the scientific management and sustainable development of regional natural resources.
基金Foundation item: National Scientific and Technological Development Program (95-973-02-02) the Climb Program (95-S-05-01) of National Scientific and Technological Ministry of China and the State Natural Sciences Foundation of China (49874021).
文摘Based on the first arrival P and S data of 4 625 regional earthquakes recorded at 174 stations dispersed in the Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces, the 3-D velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in the region is determined, incorporating with previous deep geophysical data. In the upper crust, a positive anomaly velocity zone exists in the Sichuan basin, whereas a negative anomaly velocity zone exists in the western Sichuan plateau. The boundary between the positive and negative anomaly zones is the Longmenshan fault zone. The images of lower crust and upper mantle in the Longmenshan fault, Xianshuihe fault, Honghe fault and others show the characteristic of tectonic boundary, indicating that the faults likely penetrate the Moho discontinuity. The negative velocity anomalies at the depth of 50 km in the Tengchong volcanic area and the Panxi tectonic zone appear to be associated with the temperature and composition variations in the upper mantle. The overall features of the crustal and the upper mantle structures in the SichuanYunnan region are the lower average velocity in both crust and uppermost mantle, the large crustal thickness variations, and the existence of high conductivity layer in the crust or/and upper mantle, and higher geothermal value. All these features are closely related to the collision between the India and the Asia plates. The crustal velocity in the SichuanYunnan rhombic block generally shows normal value or positive anomaly, while the negative anomaly exists in the area along the large strike-slip faults as the block boundary. It is conducive to the crustal block side-pressing out along the faults. In the major seismic zones, the seismicity is relative to the negative anomaly velocity. Most strong earthquakes occurred in the upper-mid crust with positive anomaly or normal velocity, where the negative anomaly zone generally exists below.
基金Supported by The Administrative Department on Science and Innovation of the Republic of Colombia-COLCIENCIAS,No.RC-1106-408-20549,RC-1106-493-26237its program:Jóvenes Investigadores e Innovadores"Virginia Gutiérrez de Pineda",and by the Universidad del Valle,Cali,Colombia
文摘AIM:To evaluate the in vitro effect of amoxicillin and clarithromycin on the cag pathogenicity island(cag PAI).METHODS:One hundred and forty-nine clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)cultured from gastric biopsies from 206 Colombian patients with dyspeptic symptoms from a high-risk area for gastric cancer were included as study material.Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method.Resistant isolates at baseline and in amoxicillin and clarithromycin serial dilutions were subjected to genotyping(cagA,vacA alleles s and m),Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala(EPIYA)polymerase chain reaction and random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD).Images of the RAPD amplicons were analyzed by Gel-Pro Analyzer 4.5program.Cluster analyses was done using SPSS 15.0statistical package,where each of the fingerprint bands were denoted as variables.Dendrograms were designed by following Ward’s clustering method and the estimation of distances between each pair of H.pylori isolates was calculated with the squared Euclidean distance.RESULTS:Resistance rates were 4%for amoxicillin and 2.7%for clarithromycin with 2%double resistances.Genotyping evidenced a high prevalence of the genotype cagA-positive/vacA s1m1.The 3’region of cagA gene was successfully amplified in 92.3%(12/13)of the baseline resistant isolates and in 60%(36/60)of the resistant isolates growing in antibiotic dilutions.Upon observing the distribution of the number of EPIYA repetitions in each dilution with respect to baseline isolates,it was found that in 61.5%(8/13)of the baseline isolates,a change in the number of EPIYA repetitions lowered antibiotic pressure.The gain and loss of EPIYA motifs resulted in a diversity of H.pylori subclones after bacterial adjustment to changing conditions product of antibiotic pressure.RAPD PCR evidenced the close clonal relationship between baseline isolates and isolates growing in antibiotic dilutions.CONCLUSION:Antibiotic pressure does not induce loss of the cag pathogenicity island,but it can leadin most cases-to genetic rearrangements within the3’region cagA of the founding bacteria that can affect the level of tyrosine phosphorylation impacting on its cellular effects and lead to divergence of cagA-positive subclones.
文摘The development of 3D geological models involves the integration of large amounts of geological data,as well as additional accessible proprietary lithological, structural,geochemical,geophysical,and borehole data.Luanchuan,the case study area,southwestern Henan Province,is an important molybdenum-tungsten -lead-zinc polymetallic belt in China.
基金Supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under the KNOW program and Foundation for Polish Science,No.POMOST/2013-8/5
文摘At the 3' end of genomic hepatitis C virus(HCV) RNA there is a highly conserved untranslated region,the 3'X-tail,which forms part of the 3'UTR.This region plays key functions in regulation of critical processes of the viral life cycle.The 3'X region is essential for viral replication and infectivity.It is also responsible for regulation of switching between translation and transcription of the viral RNA.There is some evidence indicating the contribution of the 3'X region to the translation efficiency of the viral polyprotein and to the encapsidation process.Several different secondary structure models of the 3'X region,based on computer predictions and experimental structure probing,have been proposed.It is likely that the 3'X region adopts more than one structural form in infected cells and that a specific equilibrium between the various forms regulates several aspects of the viral life cycle.The most intriguing explanations of the structural heterogeneity problem of the 3'X region came with the discovery of its involvement in long-range RNA-RNA interactions and the potential for homodimer formation.This article summarizes current knowledge on the structure and function of the 3'X region of hepatitis C genomic RNA,reviews previous opinions,presents new hypotheses and summarizes the questions that still remain unanswered.
文摘Infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is a putative cause of various gastric disorders, including gastric adenocarcinoma. Incident rates are associated with variants of the H. pylori virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A protein (CagA), encoded by the gene cagA. However, these variants have not been characterized in China, where gastric cancer is common. We investigated the diversity of CagA variants in H. pylori strains isolated from a Chinese population. The 3' variable region of cagA genes from 66 clinical isolates in China were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, aligned, and analyzed. All 66 H. pylori strains were CagA-positive, of which 93.9% were East Asian type and the tyrosine phosphorylation motifs (TPMs) were EPIYA-ABD. The remainder was Western type, in which TPMs were EPIYA-ABC. Interestingly, two of sixty-two strains (3.2%) of the East Asian type were mutated into ESIYA-B, whereas all four Western type (100%) strains were mutated into EPIYT-B. Both of the two strains with Western-type CagA obtained from gastric cancer patients contained a distinguished mutation on the first residue following the EPIYA site in the EPIYA-A motif. The predominant CagA type in these H. pylori strains isolated from Chinese patients in China was East Asian, with TPMs EPIYA-ABD, and there existed mutations in both the East Asian and Western type CagA.
文摘BACKGROUND: Some scholars believed that the neuronal injury after status epilepticus is apoptosis,the main evidence is the changes of expressions of various apoptosis releted genes,such as immediate-early gene,p53 gene and genes of bcl-2 family,etc.But there is still no ultrastructural evidence for apoptosis.OBJECTIVE: To observe the ultrastructural damages of mitochondrion and nucleus and the changes of caspase expression in neurons of hippocampal CA3 region in rats with status epilepticus induced by kainic acid.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Neurology,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University.MATERIALS: Seventy-five adult male Wistar rats of 250-300 g.clean degree,were provided by the experimental animal center of Shandong University.Kainic acid was purchased from Sigma Company (USA);rabbit anti-rat polyclonal antibody caspase-3 from Santa Cruz Company(USA).METHODS:The experiments were carried out in the Department of Anesthesiology,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from October 2005 to February 2006.①The 75 rats were randomly divided into experimental group (n=45)and control group(n=30).②Model establishment,convulsion grading and the judging standards for status epilepticus:Rats in the experimental group were given intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid(10 mg/kg),and those in the control group were injected with saline of the same volume.The time of seizure was recorded and their behavioral manifestations were observed,and the seizure was terminated by intraperitoneal injection of diazepam(10 mg/kg).③Observation under electron microscope:At 3, 12 and 24 hours after status epilepticus respectively,bilateral hippocampal tissues were taken out,semithin sections of about 75 nm were prepared after fixation,dehydration and embedding,and then observed under H-800 transmission electron microscope.④Immunohistochemical detection:Bilateral hippocampi were removed at 3,12 and 24 hours after status epilepticus respectively,the fixation,dehydration,transparence,wax immersion and embedding were performed,then serial sections of CA3 region were immunohistochemically determined by the SABC method.Leica QWinV3 image analytical software was applied,then the average number and average gray value of positive cells were calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Results of observation under electron microscope,that of immunohistochemical staining of neurons in hippocampal CA3 region;Comparison of number of caspase-3 positive cells and gray value.RESULTS: All the 75 Wistar rats were involved in the analysis of results.①Results of observation under electron microscope:At 3 hours after status epilepticus,swelling crista and membranous disintegration were observed under electron microscope.At 24 hours,obvious nuclear changes occurred,and manifested as the side-aggegation of chromatins.②Results of immunohistochemical detection:In the experimental group,the number of caspase-3 positive cells at 3 hours after status epilepticus had no obvious difference as compared with that in the control group(P＞0.05):At 12 hours,the number and gray value of caspase-3 positive cells in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (10.49±0.68 vs.5.33±0.43;45.57±2.27 vs,19.79±0.33,P＜0.05),the same results were also observed at 24 hours(37.36±0.57 vs.5.12±0.47;115.24±1.22 vs.18.73±0.42,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:In the rat models of status epilepticus induced by kainic acid,mitochondrial damage was earlier than the increase of caspase-3 expression and nuclear changes,which suggested that mitochondrion was the key link for the neuronal death after status epilepticus.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To carry out a 3D vector reconstruction of the muscles of the ventral region of the neck from anatomical sections of the “Korean Visible Human” for educational purposes. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The anatomical subject was a 33-year-old Korean man who died of leukemia. He was 164 cm tall and weighed 55</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">kgs</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The anatomical sections were made in 2010 after an MRI and a CT scan. A special saw (cryomacrotome) made it possible to make cuts 0.2 mm thick on the frozen body, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 5960 cuts. Sections numbered 1500 to 2000 (or 500 cuts covering the neck) were used for our study. A segmentation by manual contouring of each anatomical element of the anterior neck region was done using Winsurf version 3.5 software on a laptop PC running Windows 7 equipped with an 8 gigabyte RAM. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We modeled the sternocleidomastoid muscles, the supra-hyoid muscles, the infra-hyoid muscles and the muscle structures of the anterior neck region, the aero-digestive axis of the anterior neck region and the vasculo-nervous axis of the neck. This model is easily manipulated using the Acrobat 3Dpdf interface. Each item accessible in a menu can be displayed, hidden or made transparent, and 3D labels are available as well as educational menus for learning anatomy. This vector model has been integrated into the Diva3d virtual dissection table, a new educational tool used by universities and medical schools to learn anatomy. This model was also uploaded to the Sketchfab</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">?</span></sup></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> website and 3D printed using an ENDER</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">?</span></sup></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pro 3 printer. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This original work constitutes a remarkable educational tool for the anatomical study of the anterior neck region and can also be used as a 3D atlas for simulation purposes for training in therapeutic gestures.
文摘本研究旨在通过TB Green Real-time PCR的方法对国内6个省(四川省、山西省、河南省、河北省、江苏省和内蒙古自治区)的9个规模化养牛场140份以流鼻涕、发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难为特征的病牛呼吸道鼻拭子样本开展牛腺病毒3型(bovine adenovirus type 3,BAdV-3)感染状况调查,并对其中的阳性样本进行fiber轴区基因检测。结果显示,140份样品中BAdV-3阳性率为36.4%,除河北省以外,其余各省均有BAdV-3检出,其中,四川及河南省检出率最高,分别达到82.9%(29/35)和83.3%(10/12)。其中,传统型占总阳性比的80.4%,fiber轴区缺失毒株占总阳性样本的19.6%。缺失位置与数量一致,轴区连续缺失237个碱基对(79个氨基酸),且缺失型仅在四川和河南两省检出,检出率分别为24.1%(7/29)和30%(3/10),场群阳性率分别为100%(2/2)和100%(1/1)。结果表明,BAdV-3已在我国牛场中广泛分布,目前流行的主要以传统型毒株为主,fiber轴区缺失毒株在我国具有独特的地域分布,主要在四川和河南省流行。
文摘Myostatin, with a highly conservative gene among breeds is a negative regulator of muscle. The 3′ coding regions of wild boar and crossbred pig myostatin were cloned by RT-PCR and sequenced respectively. The homology of the nucleotide sequence between wild boar and crossbred pig was 100% and there was no difference in this region compared with pig myostatin gene of Genbank. This indicated that there was not change of gene sequence in this region during the evolution processes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51909136)the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area(China Three Gorges University),Ministry of Education,Grant No.2022KDZ21Fund of National Major Water Conservancy Project Construction(0001212022CC60001)。
文摘The staggered distribution of joints and fissures in space constitutes the weak part of any rock mass.The identification of rock mass structural planes and the extraction of characteristic parameters are the basis of rock-mass integrity evaluation,which is very important for analysis of slope stability.The laser scanning technique can be used to acquire the coordinate information pertaining to each point of the structural plane,but large amount of point cloud data,uneven density distribution,and noise point interference make the identification efficiency and accuracy of different types of structural planes limited by point cloud data analysis technology.A new point cloud identification and segmentation algorithm for rock mass structural surfaces is proposed.Based on the distribution states of the original point cloud in different neighborhoods in space,the point clouds are characterized by multi-dimensional eigenvalues and calculated by the robust randomized Hough transform(RRHT).The normal vector difference and the final eigenvalue are proposed for characteristic distinction,and the identification of rock mass structural surfaces is completed through regional growth,which strengthens the difference expression of point clouds.In addition,nearest Voxel downsampling is also introduced in the RRHT calculation,which further reduces the number of sources of neighborhood noises,thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the calculation.The advantages of the method have been verified by laboratory models.The results showed that the proposed method can better achieve the segmentation and statistics of structural planes with interfaces and sharp boundaries.The method works well in the identification of joints,fissures,and other structural planes on Mangshezhai slope in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,China.It can provide a stable and effective technique for the identification and segmentation of rock mass structural planes,which is beneficial in engineering practice.
基金Supported by Peking Union Medical College Youth Fundthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3332013052)
文摘Objective To screen the proteins associated with four-and-a-half LIM domains 3(FHL3) 3' untranslated region(3'UTR) in glioma cells. Methods Western blot was adopted to detect the regulatory effect of poly(C)-binding protein 2(PCBP2) on FHL3. Biotin pull-down and sliver staining were employed to screen and verify the candidate binding proteins of FHL3 3'UTR. Then liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) and molecule annotation system were used to identify and analyze the candidate binding proteins. Immunoprecipitation was conducted to study the interaction between PCBP2 and polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1(PTBP1), a binding protein identified by LC-MS/MS. Results PCBP2 could bind to FHL3 mRNA 3'UTR-A and inhibited the expression of FHL3 in T98 G glioms cells. 22 candidate binding proteins were identified. Among them, there were 11 RNA binding proteins, including PCBP2. PTBP1 associated with FHL3 mRNA 3'UTR and interacted with PCBP2 protein. Conclusion PCBP2 and PTBP1 can both associate with FHL3 mRNA 3'UTR through forming a protein complex.
