热化学储能(thermochemical energy storage,TCES)技术是未来可再生能源社会最具前景的技术之一。Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES体系因其储能密度较高、环境友好、廉价等特点受到人们的广泛关注。本工作建立了一个直接与间接混合加热的固定床反...热化学储能(thermochemical energy storage,TCES)技术是未来可再生能源社会最具前景的技术之一。Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES体系因其储能密度较高、环境友好、廉价等特点受到人们的广泛关注。本工作建立了一个直接与间接混合加热的固定床反应器实验平台,进行了空气氛围下的储/释热实验,探究了混合加热反应器内的储热特性与限制因素,并在此基础上探究了在反应器尺度改善循环性能的可行方案。实验研究表明,采用直接与间接混合加热的方式,使得反应呈现向心推进与逐层推进相结合的形式,增进了储能反应的速率;反应性能随着循环次数增多逐渐下降,5次循环后的储能反应最大转化率降低了5.6%,10次循环相较于5次循环的反应最大转化率降低了3.8%。TG实验与粒径测试结果表明,空气中CO_(2)是造成循环性能下降的主要因素;提高脱水温度可以有效恢复循环性能,650℃时所提供的过余温度可以有效降低反应物中CaCO_(3)的含量。展开更多
The hippocampus is involved in important brain functions such as learning and memory,spatial navigation,fear processing,and social behavior(Dudek et al,2016).The most prominent areas of the hippocampus are typically d...The hippocampus is involved in important brain functions such as learning and memory,spatial navigation,fear processing,and social behavior(Dudek et al,2016).The most prominent areas of the hippocampus are typically denoted as the dentate gyrus and the three areas of the cornu ammonis(CA1,CA2,and CA3).Discovered by Lorente de Nó(1934),the CA2 region of the hippocampus is a relatively small area interposed between CA3 and CA1 that forms the nexus linking the input of the entorhinal cortex to the output of CA1(Chevaleyre and Siegelbaum,2010).展开更多
The Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO thermochemical energy storage(TCES)system based on calcium looping has received extensive attention owing to its high energy storage density,prolonged energy storage time,and environmental friendlin...The Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO thermochemical energy storage(TCES)system based on calcium looping has received extensive attention owing to its high energy storage density,prolonged energy storage time,and environmental friendliness.The heat storage process of the Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES system in a mixed heating reactor was evaluated in this study,by employing a combination of direct and indirect heating modes.The dehydration process was studied experimentally,and a numerical model was established and verified based on the experimental results.The dehydration behavior of 500 g of Ca(OH)_(2) powder was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor with mixed heating.The experimental and simulation results indicated that mixed heating causes combined centripetal and horizontal propulsion.Heat input is the main limiting factor in the heat storage process,because the radial advance of the reaction is hindered by the low thermal conductivity of the solid reactant particles.Heat transmission partitions were added to enhance the performance of the reactor.The performance of the modified reactor was compared with that of a conventional reactor.The radial heat transmission partitions in the modified reactor effectively enhance the energy storage rate and reduce the reaction time by 59.5%compared with the reactor without partitions.展开更多
The experiments were conducted to focus on the desulfurization and evaporation characteristics of lime slurry droplets at 298-383 K. We designed an evaporation-reaction chamber with quartz glass windows.The monodisper...The experiments were conducted to focus on the desulfurization and evaporation characteristics of lime slurry droplets at 298-383 K. We designed an evaporation-reaction chamber with quartz glass windows.The monodisperse slurry droplet stream was injected into the evaporation reaction chamber, and the inlet gas components(air, air + SO_(2)) were introduced into the chamber. We applied the magnified digital in-line holography to measure the droplet parameters and calculated the evaporation rate. The effects of temperature, droplet concentration, and SO_(2) concentration on the evaporation rate of Ca(OH)_(2) droplets were discussed. Moreover, the Ca(OH)_(2) droplets under different experimental conditions were sampled,and the droplets were observed and analyzed using an off-line microscope. The evaporation rate of the Ca(OH)_(2) droplet increased at first, and then decreased during the falling process, and remained constant at last. The average evaporation rate of the Ca(OH)_(2) droplets increased significantly with the temperature increasing.展开更多
The spontaneous bursts of electrical activity in the developing auditory system are derived from the periodic release of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)by supporting cells in the Kölliker’s organ.However,the mechani...The spontaneous bursts of electrical activity in the developing auditory system are derived from the periodic release of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)by supporting cells in the Kölliker’s organ.However,the mechanisms responsible for initiating spontaneous ATP release have not been determined.Our previous study revealed that telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)is expressed in the basilar membrane during the first postnatal week.Its role in cochlear development remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the expression and role of TERT in postnatal cochlea supporting cells.Our results revealed that in postnatal cochlear Kölliker’s organ supporting cells,TERT shifts from the nucleus into the cytoplasm over time.We found that the TERT translocation tendency in postnatal cochlear supporting cells in vitro coincided with that observed in vivo.Further analysis showed that TERT in the cytoplasm was mainly located in mitochondria in the absence of oxidative stress or apoptosis,suggesting that TERT in mitochondria plays roles other than antioxidant or anti-apoptotic functions.We observed increased ATP synthesis,release and activation of purine signaling systems in supporting cells during the first 10 postnatal days.The phenomenon that TERT translocation coincided with changes in ATP synthesis,release and activation of the purine signaling system in postnatal cochlear supporting cells suggested that TERT may be involved in regulating ATP release and activation of the purine signaling system.Our study provides a new research direction for exploring the spontaneous electrical activity of the cochlea during the early postnatal period.展开更多
文摘热化学储能(thermochemical energy storage,TCES)技术是未来可再生能源社会最具前景的技术之一。Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES体系因其储能密度较高、环境友好、廉价等特点受到人们的广泛关注。本工作建立了一个直接与间接混合加热的固定床反应器实验平台,进行了空气氛围下的储/释热实验,探究了混合加热反应器内的储热特性与限制因素,并在此基础上探究了在反应器尺度改善循环性能的可行方案。实验研究表明,采用直接与间接混合加热的方式,使得反应呈现向心推进与逐层推进相结合的形式,增进了储能反应的速率;反应性能随着循环次数增多逐渐下降,5次循环后的储能反应最大转化率降低了5.6%,10次循环相较于5次循环的反应最大转化率降低了3.8%。TG实验与粒径测试结果表明,空气中CO_(2)是造成循环性能下降的主要因素;提高脱水温度可以有效恢复循环性能,650℃时所提供的过余温度可以有效降低反应物中CaCO_(3)的含量。
基金support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación and FEDER(BFU2015-68655-P)。
文摘The hippocampus is involved in important brain functions such as learning and memory,spatial navigation,fear processing,and social behavior(Dudek et al,2016).The most prominent areas of the hippocampus are typically denoted as the dentate gyrus and the three areas of the cornu ammonis(CA1,CA2,and CA3).Discovered by Lorente de Nó(1934),the CA2 region of the hippocampus is a relatively small area interposed between CA3 and CA1 that forms the nexus linking the input of the entorhinal cortex to the output of CA1(Chevaleyre and Siegelbaum,2010).
文摘The Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO thermochemical energy storage(TCES)system based on calcium looping has received extensive attention owing to its high energy storage density,prolonged energy storage time,and environmental friendliness.The heat storage process of the Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES system in a mixed heating reactor was evaluated in this study,by employing a combination of direct and indirect heating modes.The dehydration process was studied experimentally,and a numerical model was established and verified based on the experimental results.The dehydration behavior of 500 g of Ca(OH)_(2) powder was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor with mixed heating.The experimental and simulation results indicated that mixed heating causes combined centripetal and horizontal propulsion.Heat input is the main limiting factor in the heat storage process,because the radial advance of the reaction is hindered by the low thermal conductivity of the solid reactant particles.Heat transmission partitions were added to enhance the performance of the reactor.The performance of the modified reactor was compared with that of a conventional reactor.The radial heat transmission partitions in the modified reactor effectively enhance the energy storage rate and reduce the reaction time by 59.5%compared with the reactor without partitions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 51825605)。
文摘The experiments were conducted to focus on the desulfurization and evaporation characteristics of lime slurry droplets at 298-383 K. We designed an evaporation-reaction chamber with quartz glass windows.The monodisperse slurry droplet stream was injected into the evaporation reaction chamber, and the inlet gas components(air, air + SO_(2)) were introduced into the chamber. We applied the magnified digital in-line holography to measure the droplet parameters and calculated the evaporation rate. The effects of temperature, droplet concentration, and SO_(2) concentration on the evaporation rate of Ca(OH)_(2) droplets were discussed. Moreover, the Ca(OH)_(2) droplets under different experimental conditions were sampled,and the droplets were observed and analyzed using an off-line microscope. The evaporation rate of the Ca(OH)_(2) droplet increased at first, and then decreased during the falling process, and remained constant at last. The average evaporation rate of the Ca(OH)_(2) droplets increased significantly with the temperature increasing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81870732(to DZ),82171161(to DZ),81900933(to YS),and 82000978(to ZL).
文摘The spontaneous bursts of electrical activity in the developing auditory system are derived from the periodic release of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)by supporting cells in the Kölliker’s organ.However,the mechanisms responsible for initiating spontaneous ATP release have not been determined.Our previous study revealed that telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)is expressed in the basilar membrane during the first postnatal week.Its role in cochlear development remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the expression and role of TERT in postnatal cochlea supporting cells.Our results revealed that in postnatal cochlear Kölliker’s organ supporting cells,TERT shifts from the nucleus into the cytoplasm over time.We found that the TERT translocation tendency in postnatal cochlear supporting cells in vitro coincided with that observed in vivo.Further analysis showed that TERT in the cytoplasm was mainly located in mitochondria in the absence of oxidative stress or apoptosis,suggesting that TERT in mitochondria plays roles other than antioxidant or anti-apoptotic functions.We observed increased ATP synthesis,release and activation of purine signaling systems in supporting cells during the first 10 postnatal days.The phenomenon that TERT translocation coincided with changes in ATP synthesis,release and activation of the purine signaling system in postnatal cochlear supporting cells suggested that TERT may be involved in regulating ATP release and activation of the purine signaling system.Our study provides a new research direction for exploring the spontaneous electrical activity of the cochlea during the early postnatal period.
