DEAR EDITOR,The Laosicheng site in Yongshun County,Hunan Province,China,plays an important role in elucidating the animal population composition of the region prior to the middle Qing Dynasty(approximately 300 years a...DEAR EDITOR,The Laosicheng site in Yongshun County,Hunan Province,China,plays an important role in elucidating the animal population composition of the region prior to the middle Qing Dynasty(approximately 300 years ago).This site has yielded a substantial number of animal bones,11960 of which have been identified to the species level,serving as direct evidence of ancient animal populations(Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,2018).展开更多
The Yueguang gold deposit is located in Fengjia,Xinhua County,Hunan Province,South China.It represents a recently discovered small-scale gold deposit situated in the southwestern region of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt,w...The Yueguang gold deposit is located in Fengjia,Xinhua County,Hunan Province,South China.It represents a recently discovered small-scale gold deposit situated in the southwestern region of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt,west of the Baimashan granitic batholith.In order to discern the characteristics of the ore-formingfluids,the underlying mineralization processes,and establish a foundation for the origin of the Yueguang gold depositfluid inclusion micro-thermometry,as well as quartz hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis,have been carried out on samples obtained from various stages of mineralization.The hydrothermal miner-alization stages within the Yueguang gold deposit can be categorized into three stages:(i)the barren,pre-ore quartz-pyrite stage(Stage Ⅰ),the quartz-pyrite-gold stage(Stage Ⅱ),and the post-ore quartz-carbonate stage(Stage Ⅲ),with the second stage being the main mineralization stage.Thefluid inclusions identified in samples from the main min-eralization stage can predominantly be described with the NaCl–H_(2)O and CO_(2)–NaCl–H_(2)O systems.These inclusions display homogenization temperatures ranging from 158.8 to 334.9℃,and thefluid salinity ranges from 0.3%to 4.0%(wt.%NaCl equiv.).Laser Raman spectroscopy analysis of individual inclusions further reveals the presence of gas-phases such as CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2).Isotopic analysis indicatesδ^(18)Ofluid values ranging from 3.95 to 6.7‰ and δDH_(2)O values ranging from-71.9 to-55.7‰.These results indi-cate that the ore-formingfluid of the Yueguang gold deposit belongs to metamorphic hydrothermalfluids of middle-low temperature and low salinity.In the process of ore formation,gold is transported in the form of Au(HS)2-complexes,with gold deposition being driven byfluid immiscibility.Therefore,the Yueguang gold deposit is categorized as an orogenic gold deposit dominated by metamorphic hydrother-malfluid.It may become a new target for gold exploration in the Baimashan region,central Hunan Province.展开更多
Well-preserved graptolites of the genus Kiaerograptus are first reported from the upper Tremadocian Yinchupu Formation in the Nanba section,Yiyang,Hunan Province,South China,including four species,i.e.,Kiaerograptus l...Well-preserved graptolites of the genus Kiaerograptus are first reported from the upper Tremadocian Yinchupu Formation in the Nanba section,Yiyang,Hunan Province,South China,including four species,i.e.,Kiaerograptus lauzonensis(Erdtmann,1966),Kiaerograptus stoermeri(Erdtmann,1965),Kiaerograptus cf.supremus?Lindholm,1991,and Kiaerograptus sp.,which are robust in form.Based on these new specimens,the Kiaerograptus biozone is established for the first time in South China,increasing the late Tremadoc graptolite biozones in South China from four to five,in ascending order as follows:the Adelograptus tenellus biozone,the Aorograptus victoriae biozone,the Kiaerograptus biozone,the Sagenograptus murrayi biozone,and the Hunnegraptus copiosus biozone.A review of the occurrence records for robust Kiaerograptus species worldwide reveals that the distribution is restricted to the Aorograptus victoriae biozone and Kiaerograptus biozone in the late Tremadocian.This limited stratigraphical distribution makes Kiaerograptus a valuable taxon for precise biostratigraphical correlation at both the regional and global scales.展开更多
The coal metamorphism in Central Hunan pro-vides valuable information about hydrothermal activity and water/rock reactions.Learning how to collect age data on hydrothermal fluid systems is necessary for understanding ...The coal metamorphism in Central Hunan pro-vides valuable information about hydrothermal activity and water/rock reactions.Learning how to collect age data on hydrothermal fluid systems is necessary for understanding the history and genetic mechanisms of large-scale coal-generated graphite deposits.The Shihangli graphite deposit,formed by significant siliceous hydrothermal alteration,is the most distinctive in Central Hunan.Re–Os dating of pyrite from the Shihangli graphite deposit demonstrates that the coal-generated graphite mineraliza-tion age is-127.6±3.8 Ma.Based on in-situ mineral analysis,the hydrothermal pyrite in the Shihangli graphite deposit is mostly enriched in Sb,As,Au,W,Ag,Cu,Pb,and Zn.Based on the pyrite Re–Os isochron,the initial(^(187)Os/^(188)Os)values of pyrite were 1.03±0.24 and the Os(t)values varied from 571.8 to 755.1.Pyrite from the Shihangli graphite deposit comprises a Pb isotope composition similar to that of the Madiyi Formation bulk rock and stibnite from the Xikuangshan Sb deposit.Based on the Re–Os,Sr,S,and Pb isotopic compositions of sul-fides in the graphite and Sb deposits in Central Hunan,the Madiyi Formation was likely the primary source of ore-forming elements(Sb,Au,and As).The Re–Os and Pb isotope compositions of pyrite most likely reflect when large-scale fluid migration and coal-generated graphite mineralization occurred in Central Hunan.展开更多
Mpox virus (MPXV) belongs to the family Poxviridae,subfamily Chordopoxvirinae,and genus Orthopoxvirus,which also includes Variola virus(VARV),Cowpox virus (CPXV),and Vaccinia virus(VACV).Clinical symptoms of mpox are ...Mpox virus (MPXV) belongs to the family Poxviridae,subfamily Chordopoxvirinae,and genus Orthopoxvirus,which also includes Variola virus(VARV),Cowpox virus (CPXV),and Vaccinia virus(VACV).Clinical symptoms of mpox are similar to smallpox but are relatively milder^([1]).MPXV was first isolated from crab-eating monkeys in the tropical rainforests of Africa in 1958^([2]).The first human case of MPXV infection was reported in the Congo in1970^([3]).Following the eradication of smallpox in1977,mpox has emerged as one of the prominent viral members of the Poxviridae family,significantly impacting public health^([4]),mainly prevalent in Central and West Africa.Starting from May 2022.展开更多
China Rare Earth Group(CREG)announced on November 21st that the company issued80,331,800 A-shares to 14 specific targets at a price of 26.1 yuan/share,raising a total of about 2.097billion yuan,and after deducting rel...China Rare Earth Group(CREG)announced on November 21st that the company issued80,331,800 A-shares to 14 specific targets at a price of 26.1 yuan/share,raising a total of about 2.097billion yuan,and after deducting related expenses,the net raised funds were about 2.081 billion yuan.The Central SOEs Industrial Investment Fund for Rural Area was the single largest subscriber,and was allocated 22,988,500 shares,with an allocation amount of about 600 million yuan,accounting for28.6%of the total fundraising.After the issuance,the fund would become the third largest shareholder of CREG with a shareholding ratio of 2.17%.展开更多
A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described in this article based on morphological and genetic evidence. The new species is identified belonging to the T. asperrimus group and is similar to T. wenxianensis. T...A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described in this article based on morphological and genetic evidence. The new species is identified belonging to the T. asperrimus group and is similar to T. wenxianensis. The diagnostic characters of the new species are as follows: dorsal ridge broad and thick,its width approximately equal to eye diameter(P < 0.001); tail height greater than width at base of tail(P < 0.001); no villous genital papilla found inside the male anal fissure; nodule-like warts,along lateral margin of the trunk,bulge and forming tubercles,and thin and transverse striae present between the tubercles.展开更多
The multi-functionality of paddy farming has become a hot issue recently. Paddy farming provides numerous ecosystem services that are crucial to human well-being. However, evaluation of the contribution of paddy farmi...The multi-functionality of paddy farming has become a hot issue recently. Paddy farming provides numerous ecosystem services that are crucial to human well-being. However, evaluation of the contribution of paddy farming to human well-being usually focus on its economic value, while its non-market services are usually ignored. Only evaluating the market profits or market relative benefits cannot reflect comprehensively the contribution of paddy farming to people's well-being. This will affect people's choices for or against paddy farming activities and people's opt for invest or not invest in it. A comprehensive evaluation of paddy farming can provide an important reference for the government and society to conserve the multi-functionality of paddy farming and achieve sustainable development. To this end, this paper reports a case evaluation of paddy farming in Hunan, the largest rice producing as well as rice yield province in China, and uses emergy theory to make a comprehensive evaluation for paddy farming. The emergy evaluation results of the paddy ecosystem in Hunan are as follows: in 2010, the input emergy of the paddy ecosystem in Hunan is 2.51E+22 sej and the output emergy is 6.31E+22sej. For the input emergy, the part from natural resources is 1.96E+21 sej and the part from human society is 2.32E+22sej; for the output emergy, the part from products is 2.22E+22 sej, the part from impositive externality is 4.16E+22 sej and the part from negative externality is –7.41E+20 sej. Taking the non-market outputs into consideration, the gains from the human economic society's 1 $ input in paddy farming, emergy sustainability index(ESI) and emergy profit rate are respectively 2.73 $, 3.53 and 151.31%. If the evaluation leave out the non-market output, the three indexes are only 0.96 $,1.24 and 30.67%. The research results show that non-market services of paddy farming contribute significantly to human well-being. Therefore, in order to protect the multi-functionality of paddy farming and achieve the sustainable management,the government should take reasonable measures and make incentive plans.展开更多
The accumulation and productivity of shale gas are mainly controlled by the characteristics of shale reservoirs;study of these characteristics forms the basis for the shale gas exploitation of the Lower Cambrian Niuti...The accumulation and productivity of shale gas are mainly controlled by the characteristics of shale reservoirs;study of these characteristics forms the basis for the shale gas exploitation of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation(Fm),Southern China.In this study,core observation and lithology study were conducted along with X-ray diffraction(XRD)and electronic scanning microscopy(SEM)examinations and liquid nitrogen(N2)adsorption/desorption and CH4 isothermal adsorption experiments for several exploration wells in northwestern Hunan Province,China.The results show that one or two intervals with high-quality source rocks(TOC>2 wt%)were deposited in the deep-shelf facies.The source rocks,which were mainly composed of carbonaceous shales and siliceous shales,had high quartz contents(>40 wt%)and low clay mineral(<30 wt%,mainly illites)and carbonate mineral(<20 wt%)contents.The SEM observations and liquid nitrogen(N2)adsorption/desorption experiments showed that the shale is tight,and nanoscale pores and microscale fractures are well developed.BJH volume(VBJH)of shale ranged from 2.144×10^-3 to 20.07×10^-3 cm^3/g,with an average of 11.752×10^-3 cm3/g.Pores mainly consisted of opened and interconnected mesopores(2–50 nm in diameter)or macropores(>50 nm in diameter).The shale reservoir has strong adsorption capacity for CH4.The Langmuir volume(VL)varied from 1.63 to 7.39 cm^3/g,with an average of 3.95 cm^3/g.The characteristics of shale reservoir are controlled by several factors:(1)A deep muddy continental shelf is the most favorable environment for the development of shale reservoirs,which is controlled by the development of basic materials.(2)The storage capacity of the shale reservoir is positively related to the TOC contents and plastic minerals and negatively related to cement minerals.(3)High maturity or overmaturity leads to the growth of organic pores and microfractures,thereby improving the reservoir storage capacity.It can be deduced that the high percentage of residual gas in Niutitang Fm results from the strong reservoir storage capacity of adsorbed gas.Two layers of sweet spots with strong storage capacity of free gas,and they are characterized by the relatively high TOC contents ranging from 4 wt%to 8 wt%.展开更多
The Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary is one of the current stratigraphical problems which remain openin the geological world, since there have been no universally acknowledged delimiting standard and stratotype.Acting o...The Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary is one of the current stratigraphical problems which remain openin the geological world, since there have been no universally acknowledged delimiting standard and stratotype.Acting on the instruction of Profs. Lu Yanhao and An Taixiang the author studied in details the Paibi Section,which is well exposed as a continuous sequence at an easily accessible locality. The Middle-Upper Cambrianboundary strata are composed of biocalcimicrosparite, indicating the sedimentary environment of anunderwater upheaval on the gentle slope along the frontal margin of the Yangtze carbonate platform. For the upper Middle and lower Upper Cambrian agnostid trilobite zones and conodont zones are erected,and a more accurate correlation between the trilobite and conodont sequences is established. Based on these,the Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary is drawn more reasonably and precisely than what was done before. Inshort, the section studied is superior to other known sections of Middle-Upper Cambrian. and it will probablybe an ideal candidate for the Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary stratotype.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,Exploring species richness patterns across space and time can help in understanding species distribution and in formulating conservation strategies.Among taxa,amphibians are of utmost importance as they ar...DEAR EDITOR,Exploring species richness patterns across space and time can help in understanding species distribution and in formulating conservation strategies.Among taxa,amphibians are of utmost importance as they are highly sensitive to environmental changes due to their unique life histories(Zhong et al.,2018).Here,we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of amphibian species richness on Tianping Mountain in China.Specifically,we established 10 transects at low to high elevations,and sampled amphibians in April,June,August,and October 2017.Our results demonstrated that amphibian species composition and richness varied significantly at both spatial and temporal scales and were associated with gradients of environmental change in microhabitats on Tianping Mountain.展开更多
Background:Accurate mapping of forest canopy heights at a fine spatial resolution over large geographical areas is challenging.It is essential for the estimation of forest aboveground biomass and the evaluation of for...Background:Accurate mapping of forest canopy heights at a fine spatial resolution over large geographical areas is challenging.It is essential for the estimation of forest aboveground biomass and the evaluation of forest ecosystems.Yet current regional to national scale forest height maps were mainly produced at coarse-scale.Such maps lack spatial details for decision-making at local scales.Recent advances in remote sensing provide great opportunities to fill this gap.Method:In this study,we evaluated the utility of multi-source satellite data for mapping forest heights over Hunan Province in China.A total of 523 plot data collected from 2017 to 2018 were utilized for calibration and validation of forest height models.Specifically,the relationships between three types of in-situ measured tree heights(maximum-,averaged-,and basal area-weighted-tree heights)and plot-level remote sensing metrics(multispectral,radar,and topo variables from Landsat,Sentinel-1/PALSAR-2,and SRTM)were analyzed.Three types of models(multilinear regression,random forest,and support vector regression)were evaluated.Feature variables were selected by two types of variable selection approaches(stepwise regression and random forest).Model parameters and model performances for different models were tuned and evaluated via a 10-fold cross-validation approach.Then,tuned models were applied to generate wall-to-wall forest height maps for Hunan Province.Results:The best estimation of plot-level tree heights(R2 ranged from 0.47 to 0.52,RMSE ranged from 3.8 to 5.3 m,and rRMSE ranged from 28%to 31%)was achieved using the random forest model.A comparison with existing forest height maps showed similar estimates of mean height,however,the ranges varied under different definitions of forest and types of tree height.Conclusions:Primary results indicate that there are small biases in estimated heights at the province scale.This study provides a framework toward establishing regional to national scale maps of vertical forest structure.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR, A new blind loach species, Triplophysa erythraea sp. nov., from a karst cave in Hunan Province, central south China, is described based on morphology and cyt b gene sequencing. It can be distinguished fro...DEAR EDITOR, A new blind loach species, Triplophysa erythraea sp. nov., from a karst cave in Hunan Province, central south China, is described based on morphology and cyt b gene sequencing. It can be distinguished from other species of Triplophysa by the following combi nation of characters: eyes absent;body scaleless and colorless;caudal-fin 17;maxillary barbel Ion gest;fins tran sparent, compressed pectoral-fin reachi ng 2/3 distanee between pectoral-fin and pelvic-fin origins;pelvicfin and dorsal-fin origins relative;posterior chamber of airbladder well developed, Iong, oval, and dissociative.展开更多
There are four subtypes. namely, Ia, Ib, Ic and Id of the Early Carboniferous bauxite deposits of the old weathered crust type in Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei provinces. They are all distributed in the Upper Yang...There are four subtypes. namely, Ia, Ib, Ic and Id of the Early Carboniferous bauxite deposits of the old weathered crust type in Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei provinces. They are all distributed in the Upper Yangtze old land. As a result of the Hunan-Guizhou palaeo-faulting, the crust on the northern side of the fault was uplifted and became land, thus suffering denudation. The bauxitic substances left in the weathered crust evolved and were reworked into bauxite. On the other hand, the crust on the southern side of the fault sank and remained to be part of an ocean. The bauxite deposits of Ia and Ib subtypes were formed by in-situ enrichment of residual bauxitic substances in the weathered crust of the old land, but bauxite deposits of Ic and Id subtypes resulted from transportation, accumulation and sedimentation of allothogenous bauxitic substances on the weathered crust of the old land. The processes of transportation may be distinguished as dry transportation and wet transportation, both of which proceeded under atmospheric conditions.展开更多
To develop and protect traditional villages reasonably, this paper applied Arc GIS Spatial Analyst Tools to analyze spatial distribution and infl uence factors of 101 traditional villages in Hunan Province. The resear...To develop and protect traditional villages reasonably, this paper applied Arc GIS Spatial Analyst Tools to analyze spatial distribution and infl uence factors of 101 traditional villages in Hunan Province. The research showed the agglomerate distribution of traditional villages in Hunan; from the city scale, distribution of traditional villages was concentrated mainly in West Hunan Tujia Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Chenzhou, Yongzhou, Huaihua and Shaoyang; concentrated distribution of traditional villages in the fi ve major geographic regions showed poor equilibrium, West Hunan had the most concentrated traditional villages, and South Hunan has the second most; relatively closed regional environment, perilous hills, inconvenient transportation, and underdeveloped social economy contributed to the protection of traditional villages, and they were all signifi cant infl uence factors for the distribution of traditional villages in Hunan.展开更多
The central Zhuguang Mountains in Hunan Province is located at the junction of the three provinces,namely Hunan,Jiangxi,and Guangdong,where the famous Lujing uranium ore field lies.The uranium deposits occurring in th...The central Zhuguang Mountains in Hunan Province is located at the junction of the three provinces,namely Hunan,Jiangxi,and Guangdong,where the famous Lujing uranium ore field lies.The uranium deposits occurring in this area are all granite-related and they can be divided into three types,namely endogranitic ones,perigranitic ones,and contact zone types.The endogranitic uranium deposits are mainly controlled by the structural alteration zones developing within granites,with fragmentation,hematitization,and alkali metasomatism as their main mineralization characteristics.The perigranitic uranium deposits are mainly produced in the carbonaceous,siliceous,and argillaceous composite layers of epimetamorphic rocks and are controlled by fractured zones formed due to interlayer compression.The contact zone type uranium deposits mainly occur in the contact parts between the granites and favorable horizons.They have developed in favorable sections where multiple sets of structures are combined and intersected.The main metallogenic regularities of uranium in the central Zhuguang Mountains are as follows.The basic conditions for the uranium mineralization in this area include the framework consisting of regional deep large faults and their associated multi-set multi-direction favorable metallogenic structures,multi-cycle and multi-stage uranium-rich rock masses,and uranium-rich folded basement.Meanwhile,the uranium deposits in this area are closely related to granites in terms of genesis and space and they are formed in different structural parts subject to the same metallization.Furthermore,based on the summary of the characteristics and regularities of uranium mineralization in this area,the controlling factors of different types of uranium deposits in the area were explored and six metallogenic target areas were predicted.All these will provide references for the exploration of uranium deposits in this area.展开更多
Dayishan granite, a significant metallogenic-rock body located in Shaoyang-Chenxian tectonomagmatic belt of Hunan Province, was controlled by "Dayishan-type" fault pattern. Based on the study of tectonic set...Dayishan granite, a significant metallogenic-rock body located in Shaoyang-Chenxian tectonomagmatic belt of Hunan Province, was controlled by "Dayishan-type" fault pattern. Based on the study of tectonic setting and geological features of the grantie, it is concluded that the tectonic system controlling magmatic emplacement is a shear folded-fauted zone which resulted from NW-trending convergent strike-slip faulting. The close relationship between the temporal-spatial distribution, emplacement mechanism of Dayishan granite and the strike-slip faulting is detailed.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the household energy consumption in rural districts in northern Hunan and to help explore the sustainable and ecological energy policy.Questionnaires were used to acquire the de...This study was conducted to investigate the household energy consumption in rural districts in northern Hunan and to help explore the sustainable and ecological energy policy.Questionnaires were used to acquire the details of energy consumption,and the electricity equivalent calculation was used in the energy statistics in four villages.The energy consumption in these four villages is influenced by the economic condition,geographic position and landform and the local custom.The traditional biomass energy and coal briquette are the primary energy source for cooking and heating,but they are used in a very low efficiency and result in poor IAQ.For sustainability,further measures should be taken to optimize the energy consumption with the efficient use of biomass energy,coal and electricity.展开更多
A great amount of black rock series has been found in the Upper Sinian Members 2 and 4 of the Jinjiadong Formation, middle-upper Liuchapo Formation and the Lower Cambrian Xiaoyanxi Formation in West Hunan, which is as...A great amount of black rock series has been found in the Upper Sinian Members 2 and 4 of the Jinjiadong Formation, middle-upper Liuchapo Formation and the Lower Cambrian Xiaoyanxi Formation in West Hunan, which is associated with periodic sea-level changes. By the studies of relationships between the distribution and development of the biota and the abundance of Au, Ag, U, V, Ni, Mo and Cu in the Upper Sinian and Early Cambrian black rock series in Cili, Dayong, Yuanling, Xupu and Qianyang of West Hunan, central China, it has been revealed that the enrichment of Ag, V, and Mo is related with the development of multi-cell plants and vendotaenides, and that of Cu and Ni is related to flourishing of bacteria and shelly fossils. The black rock series in the study area contains abundant organic matter, among which the siliceous shale contains the highest TOC, amounting to 4.51-13.4%. All the values of the equivalent vitrinite reflectance (medium values) determinated with the IR-spectroscopic method in the展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41925009,32100488)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0203800)+1 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(YSBR-019)New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,The Laosicheng site in Yongshun County,Hunan Province,China,plays an important role in elucidating the animal population composition of the region prior to the middle Qing Dynasty(approximately 300 years ago).This site has yielded a substantial number of animal bones,11960 of which have been identified to the species level,serving as direct evidence of ancient animal populations(Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,2018).
基金support from several sources,including the Backbone Teacher Training Program(10912-SJGG2021-04233)the Teaching Reform Project of Chengdu University of Technology(JG2130131)+1 种基金the University-Industry Collaborative Education Project,Ministry of Education,China(22097130210756)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42272129).
文摘The Yueguang gold deposit is located in Fengjia,Xinhua County,Hunan Province,South China.It represents a recently discovered small-scale gold deposit situated in the southwestern region of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt,west of the Baimashan granitic batholith.In order to discern the characteristics of the ore-formingfluids,the underlying mineralization processes,and establish a foundation for the origin of the Yueguang gold depositfluid inclusion micro-thermometry,as well as quartz hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis,have been carried out on samples obtained from various stages of mineralization.The hydrothermal miner-alization stages within the Yueguang gold deposit can be categorized into three stages:(i)the barren,pre-ore quartz-pyrite stage(Stage Ⅰ),the quartz-pyrite-gold stage(Stage Ⅱ),and the post-ore quartz-carbonate stage(Stage Ⅲ),with the second stage being the main mineralization stage.Thefluid inclusions identified in samples from the main min-eralization stage can predominantly be described with the NaCl–H_(2)O and CO_(2)–NaCl–H_(2)O systems.These inclusions display homogenization temperatures ranging from 158.8 to 334.9℃,and thefluid salinity ranges from 0.3%to 4.0%(wt.%NaCl equiv.).Laser Raman spectroscopy analysis of individual inclusions further reveals the presence of gas-phases such as CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2).Isotopic analysis indicatesδ^(18)Ofluid values ranging from 3.95 to 6.7‰ and δDH_(2)O values ranging from-71.9 to-55.7‰.These results indi-cate that the ore-formingfluid of the Yueguang gold deposit belongs to metamorphic hydrothermalfluids of middle-low temperature and low salinity.In the process of ore formation,gold is transported in the form of Au(HS)2-complexes,with gold deposition being driven byfluid immiscibility.Therefore,the Yueguang gold deposit is categorized as an orogenic gold deposit dominated by metamorphic hydrother-malfluid.It may become a new target for gold exploration in the Baimashan region,central Hunan Province.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant Nos.2022YFF0800302)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42072005,42172035)+2 种基金the China Geological Survey Project(Grant Nos.DD20221649)UNESCO:IUGS IGCP project 735“Rocks and the Rise of Ordovician Life:Filling knowledge gaps in the Early Palaeozoic Biodiversification”the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB26000000)。
文摘Well-preserved graptolites of the genus Kiaerograptus are first reported from the upper Tremadocian Yinchupu Formation in the Nanba section,Yiyang,Hunan Province,South China,including four species,i.e.,Kiaerograptus lauzonensis(Erdtmann,1966),Kiaerograptus stoermeri(Erdtmann,1965),Kiaerograptus cf.supremus?Lindholm,1991,and Kiaerograptus sp.,which are robust in form.Based on these new specimens,the Kiaerograptus biozone is established for the first time in South China,increasing the late Tremadoc graptolite biozones in South China from four to five,in ascending order as follows:the Adelograptus tenellus biozone,the Aorograptus victoriae biozone,the Kiaerograptus biozone,the Sagenograptus murrayi biozone,and the Hunnegraptus copiosus biozone.A review of the occurrence records for robust Kiaerograptus species worldwide reveals that the distribution is restricted to the Aorograptus victoriae biozone and Kiaerograptus biozone in the late Tremadocian.This limited stratigraphical distribution makes Kiaerograptus a valuable taxon for precise biostratigraphical correlation at both the regional and global scales.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0600207,2014CB440904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42062006,41962007)the Integrated Exploration Project of China Geological Survey(No.12120114034501).
文摘The coal metamorphism in Central Hunan pro-vides valuable information about hydrothermal activity and water/rock reactions.Learning how to collect age data on hydrothermal fluid systems is necessary for understanding the history and genetic mechanisms of large-scale coal-generated graphite deposits.The Shihangli graphite deposit,formed by significant siliceous hydrothermal alteration,is the most distinctive in Central Hunan.Re–Os dating of pyrite from the Shihangli graphite deposit demonstrates that the coal-generated graphite mineraliza-tion age is-127.6±3.8 Ma.Based on in-situ mineral analysis,the hydrothermal pyrite in the Shihangli graphite deposit is mostly enriched in Sb,As,Au,W,Ag,Cu,Pb,and Zn.Based on the pyrite Re–Os isochron,the initial(^(187)Os/^(188)Os)values of pyrite were 1.03±0.24 and the Os(t)values varied from 571.8 to 755.1.Pyrite from the Shihangli graphite deposit comprises a Pb isotope composition similar to that of the Madiyi Formation bulk rock and stibnite from the Xikuangshan Sb deposit.Based on the Re–Os,Sr,S,and Pb isotopic compositions of sul-fides in the graphite and Sb deposits in Central Hunan,the Madiyi Formation was likely the primary source of ore-forming elements(Sb,Au,and As).The Re–Os and Pb isotope compositions of pyrite most likely reflect when large-scale fluid migration and coal-generated graphite mineralization occurred in Central Hunan.
基金supported by the following funds:Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission[NO.202112061732]Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission [No. A202312066016]Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation [No. 2021JJ70010]。
文摘Mpox virus (MPXV) belongs to the family Poxviridae,subfamily Chordopoxvirinae,and genus Orthopoxvirus,which also includes Variola virus(VARV),Cowpox virus (CPXV),and Vaccinia virus(VACV).Clinical symptoms of mpox are similar to smallpox but are relatively milder^([1]).MPXV was first isolated from crab-eating monkeys in the tropical rainforests of Africa in 1958^([2]).The first human case of MPXV infection was reported in the Congo in1970^([3]).Following the eradication of smallpox in1977,mpox has emerged as one of the prominent viral members of the Poxviridae family,significantly impacting public health^([4]),mainly prevalent in Central and West Africa.Starting from May 2022.
文摘China Rare Earth Group(CREG)announced on November 21st that the company issued80,331,800 A-shares to 14 specific targets at a price of 26.1 yuan/share,raising a total of about 2.097billion yuan,and after deducting related expenses,the net raised funds were about 2.081 billion yuan.The Central SOEs Industrial Investment Fund for Rural Area was the single largest subscriber,and was allocated 22,988,500 shares,with an allocation amount of about 600 million yuan,accounting for28.6%of the total fundraising.After the issuance,the fund would become the third largest shareholder of CREG with a shareholding ratio of 2.17%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC-30770316,31071906)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-EW-J-22)to Jianping JIANG
文摘A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described in this article based on morphological and genetic evidence. The new species is identified belonging to the T. asperrimus group and is similar to T. wenxianensis. The diagnostic characters of the new species are as follows: dorsal ridge broad and thick,its width approximately equal to eye diameter(P < 0.001); tail height greater than width at base of tail(P < 0.001); no villous genital papilla found inside the male anal fissure; nodule-like warts,along lateral margin of the trunk,bulge and forming tubercles,and thin and transverse striae present between the tubercles.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fundation of China (11BJY028)
文摘The multi-functionality of paddy farming has become a hot issue recently. Paddy farming provides numerous ecosystem services that are crucial to human well-being. However, evaluation of the contribution of paddy farming to human well-being usually focus on its economic value, while its non-market services are usually ignored. Only evaluating the market profits or market relative benefits cannot reflect comprehensively the contribution of paddy farming to people's well-being. This will affect people's choices for or against paddy farming activities and people's opt for invest or not invest in it. A comprehensive evaluation of paddy farming can provide an important reference for the government and society to conserve the multi-functionality of paddy farming and achieve sustainable development. To this end, this paper reports a case evaluation of paddy farming in Hunan, the largest rice producing as well as rice yield province in China, and uses emergy theory to make a comprehensive evaluation for paddy farming. The emergy evaluation results of the paddy ecosystem in Hunan are as follows: in 2010, the input emergy of the paddy ecosystem in Hunan is 2.51E+22 sej and the output emergy is 6.31E+22sej. For the input emergy, the part from natural resources is 1.96E+21 sej and the part from human society is 2.32E+22sej; for the output emergy, the part from products is 2.22E+22 sej, the part from impositive externality is 4.16E+22 sej and the part from negative externality is –7.41E+20 sej. Taking the non-market outputs into consideration, the gains from the human economic society's 1 $ input in paddy farming, emergy sustainability index(ESI) and emergy profit rate are respectively 2.73 $, 3.53 and 151.31%. If the evaluation leave out the non-market output, the three indexes are only 0.96 $,1.24 and 30.67%. The research results show that non-market services of paddy farming contribute significantly to human well-being. Therefore, in order to protect the multi-functionality of paddy farming and achieve the sustainable management,the government should take reasonable measures and make incentive plans.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41603046)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2017JJ1034)
文摘The accumulation and productivity of shale gas are mainly controlled by the characteristics of shale reservoirs;study of these characteristics forms the basis for the shale gas exploitation of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation(Fm),Southern China.In this study,core observation and lithology study were conducted along with X-ray diffraction(XRD)and electronic scanning microscopy(SEM)examinations and liquid nitrogen(N2)adsorption/desorption and CH4 isothermal adsorption experiments for several exploration wells in northwestern Hunan Province,China.The results show that one or two intervals with high-quality source rocks(TOC>2 wt%)were deposited in the deep-shelf facies.The source rocks,which were mainly composed of carbonaceous shales and siliceous shales,had high quartz contents(>40 wt%)and low clay mineral(<30 wt%,mainly illites)and carbonate mineral(<20 wt%)contents.The SEM observations and liquid nitrogen(N2)adsorption/desorption experiments showed that the shale is tight,and nanoscale pores and microscale fractures are well developed.BJH volume(VBJH)of shale ranged from 2.144×10^-3 to 20.07×10^-3 cm^3/g,with an average of 11.752×10^-3 cm3/g.Pores mainly consisted of opened and interconnected mesopores(2–50 nm in diameter)or macropores(>50 nm in diameter).The shale reservoir has strong adsorption capacity for CH4.The Langmuir volume(VL)varied from 1.63 to 7.39 cm^3/g,with an average of 3.95 cm^3/g.The characteristics of shale reservoir are controlled by several factors:(1)A deep muddy continental shelf is the most favorable environment for the development of shale reservoirs,which is controlled by the development of basic materials.(2)The storage capacity of the shale reservoir is positively related to the TOC contents and plastic minerals and negatively related to cement minerals.(3)High maturity or overmaturity leads to the growth of organic pores and microfractures,thereby improving the reservoir storage capacity.It can be deduced that the high percentage of residual gas in Niutitang Fm results from the strong reservoir storage capacity of adsorbed gas.Two layers of sweet spots with strong storage capacity of free gas,and they are characterized by the relatively high TOC contents ranging from 4 wt%to 8 wt%.
文摘The Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary is one of the current stratigraphical problems which remain openin the geological world, since there have been no universally acknowledged delimiting standard and stratotype.Acting on the instruction of Profs. Lu Yanhao and An Taixiang the author studied in details the Paibi Section,which is well exposed as a continuous sequence at an easily accessible locality. The Middle-Upper Cambrianboundary strata are composed of biocalcimicrosparite, indicating the sedimentary environment of anunderwater upheaval on the gentle slope along the frontal margin of the Yangtze carbonate platform. For the upper Middle and lower Upper Cambrian agnostid trilobite zones and conodont zones are erected,and a more accurate correlation between the trilobite and conodont sequences is established. Based on these,the Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary is drawn more reasonably and precisely than what was done before. Inshort, the section studied is superior to other known sections of Middle-Upper Cambrian. and it will probablybe an ideal candidate for the Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary stratotype.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23080101)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700353)+2 种基金Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(2019HJ2096001006)West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2016XBZG_XBQNXZ_B_007)China Biodiversity Observation Networks(Sino BON)。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,Exploring species richness patterns across space and time can help in understanding species distribution and in formulating conservation strategies.Among taxa,amphibians are of utmost importance as they are highly sensitive to environmental changes due to their unique life histories(Zhong et al.,2018).Here,we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of amphibian species richness on Tianping Mountain in China.Specifically,we established 10 transects at low to high elevations,and sampled amphibians in April,June,August,and October 2017.Our results demonstrated that amphibian species composition and richness varied significantly at both spatial and temporal scales and were associated with gradients of environmental change in microhabitats on Tianping Mountain.
基金This work was funded by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science(OFSLRSS201904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901351)+1 种基金Start-up Program of Wuhan University(2019-2021)Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province(2021AAC03017).
文摘Background:Accurate mapping of forest canopy heights at a fine spatial resolution over large geographical areas is challenging.It is essential for the estimation of forest aboveground biomass and the evaluation of forest ecosystems.Yet current regional to national scale forest height maps were mainly produced at coarse-scale.Such maps lack spatial details for decision-making at local scales.Recent advances in remote sensing provide great opportunities to fill this gap.Method:In this study,we evaluated the utility of multi-source satellite data for mapping forest heights over Hunan Province in China.A total of 523 plot data collected from 2017 to 2018 were utilized for calibration and validation of forest height models.Specifically,the relationships between three types of in-situ measured tree heights(maximum-,averaged-,and basal area-weighted-tree heights)and plot-level remote sensing metrics(multispectral,radar,and topo variables from Landsat,Sentinel-1/PALSAR-2,and SRTM)were analyzed.Three types of models(multilinear regression,random forest,and support vector regression)were evaluated.Feature variables were selected by two types of variable selection approaches(stepwise regression and random forest).Model parameters and model performances for different models were tuned and evaluated via a 10-fold cross-validation approach.Then,tuned models were applied to generate wall-to-wall forest height maps for Hunan Province.Results:The best estimation of plot-level tree heights(R2 ranged from 0.47 to 0.52,RMSE ranged from 3.8 to 5.3 m,and rRMSE ranged from 28%to 31%)was achieved using the random forest model.A comparison with existing forest height maps showed similar estimates of mean height,however,the ranges varied under different definitions of forest and types of tree height.Conclusions:Primary results indicate that there are small biases in estimated heights at the province scale.This study provides a framework toward establishing regional to national scale maps of vertical forest structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560130)Learning Research&Innovative Experiment Project of Hunan Province(Xiangjiaotong [2018] No.255-601)
文摘DEAR EDITOR, A new blind loach species, Triplophysa erythraea sp. nov., from a karst cave in Hunan Province, central south China, is described based on morphology and cyt b gene sequencing. It can be distinguished from other species of Triplophysa by the following combi nation of characters: eyes absent;body scaleless and colorless;caudal-fin 17;maxillary barbel Ion gest;fins tran sparent, compressed pectoral-fin reachi ng 2/3 distanee between pectoral-fin and pelvic-fin origins;pelvicfin and dorsal-fin origins relative;posterior chamber of airbladder well developed, Iong, oval, and dissociative.
基金A project financed by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘There are four subtypes. namely, Ia, Ib, Ic and Id of the Early Carboniferous bauxite deposits of the old weathered crust type in Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei provinces. They are all distributed in the Upper Yangtze old land. As a result of the Hunan-Guizhou palaeo-faulting, the crust on the northern side of the fault was uplifted and became land, thus suffering denudation. The bauxitic substances left in the weathered crust evolved and were reworked into bauxite. On the other hand, the crust on the southern side of the fault sank and remained to be part of an ocean. The bauxite deposits of Ia and Ib subtypes were formed by in-situ enrichment of residual bauxitic substances in the weathered crust of the old land, but bauxite deposits of Ic and Id subtypes resulted from transportation, accumulation and sedimentation of allothogenous bauxitic substances on the weathered crust of the old land. The processes of transportation may be distinguished as dry transportation and wet transportation, both of which proceeded under atmospheric conditions.
基金Sponsored by National Science Foundation of China(41571161,41271167)Innovative Research Group Fund of Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(12JJ7003)China Postdoctoral Fund Project(2014M560611)
文摘To develop and protect traditional villages reasonably, this paper applied Arc GIS Spatial Analyst Tools to analyze spatial distribution and infl uence factors of 101 traditional villages in Hunan Province. The research showed the agglomerate distribution of traditional villages in Hunan; from the city scale, distribution of traditional villages was concentrated mainly in West Hunan Tujia Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Chenzhou, Yongzhou, Huaihua and Shaoyang; concentrated distribution of traditional villages in the fi ve major geographic regions showed poor equilibrium, West Hunan had the most concentrated traditional villages, and South Hunan has the second most; relatively closed regional environment, perilous hills, inconvenient transportation, and underdeveloped social economy contributed to the protection of traditional villages, and they were all signifi cant infl uence factors for the distribution of traditional villages in Hunan.
基金funded by the project titled Prospect Survey and Exploration Demonstration of Hardrock Mineral Resources such as Uranium and Thorium(12120115014101)initiated by the Tianjin Center of China Geological Survey.The data and achievements cited in this paper are mainly from relevant scientific research,geological survey,and mineral exploration projects undertaken by the No.302 Brigade of Hunan Nuclear Industry Geology Bureau in recent years.
文摘The central Zhuguang Mountains in Hunan Province is located at the junction of the three provinces,namely Hunan,Jiangxi,and Guangdong,where the famous Lujing uranium ore field lies.The uranium deposits occurring in this area are all granite-related and they can be divided into three types,namely endogranitic ones,perigranitic ones,and contact zone types.The endogranitic uranium deposits are mainly controlled by the structural alteration zones developing within granites,with fragmentation,hematitization,and alkali metasomatism as their main mineralization characteristics.The perigranitic uranium deposits are mainly produced in the carbonaceous,siliceous,and argillaceous composite layers of epimetamorphic rocks and are controlled by fractured zones formed due to interlayer compression.The contact zone type uranium deposits mainly occur in the contact parts between the granites and favorable horizons.They have developed in favorable sections where multiple sets of structures are combined and intersected.The main metallogenic regularities of uranium in the central Zhuguang Mountains are as follows.The basic conditions for the uranium mineralization in this area include the framework consisting of regional deep large faults and their associated multi-set multi-direction favorable metallogenic structures,multi-cycle and multi-stage uranium-rich rock masses,and uranium-rich folded basement.Meanwhile,the uranium deposits in this area are closely related to granites in terms of genesis and space and they are formed in different structural parts subject to the same metallization.Furthermore,based on the summary of the characteristics and regularities of uranium mineralization in this area,the controlling factors of different types of uranium deposits in the area were explored and six metallogenic target areas were predicted.All these will provide references for the exploration of uranium deposits in this area.
文摘Dayishan granite, a significant metallogenic-rock body located in Shaoyang-Chenxian tectonomagmatic belt of Hunan Province, was controlled by "Dayishan-type" fault pattern. Based on the study of tectonic setting and geological features of the grantie, it is concluded that the tectonic system controlling magmatic emplacement is a shear folded-fauted zone which resulted from NW-trending convergent strike-slip faulting. The close relationship between the temporal-spatial distribution, emplacement mechanism of Dayishan granite and the strike-slip faulting is detailed.
基金Supported by the 11th Five-Year Plans on S&Tresearch of China(2006BAJ04B04,2006BAJ04A05 and 2006BAJ04A13)
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the household energy consumption in rural districts in northern Hunan and to help explore the sustainable and ecological energy policy.Questionnaires were used to acquire the details of energy consumption,and the electricity equivalent calculation was used in the energy statistics in four villages.The energy consumption in these four villages is influenced by the economic condition,geographic position and landform and the local custom.The traditional biomass energy and coal briquette are the primary energy source for cooking and heating,but they are used in a very low efficiency and result in poor IAQ.For sustainability,further measures should be taken to optimize the energy consumption with the efficient use of biomass energy,coal and electricity.
基金This study was financially supported by CAGS(Project No:97-8)China National Petroleum Corporation(Project No:GJ9471908-2)
文摘A great amount of black rock series has been found in the Upper Sinian Members 2 and 4 of the Jinjiadong Formation, middle-upper Liuchapo Formation and the Lower Cambrian Xiaoyanxi Formation in West Hunan, which is associated with periodic sea-level changes. By the studies of relationships between the distribution and development of the biota and the abundance of Au, Ag, U, V, Ni, Mo and Cu in the Upper Sinian and Early Cambrian black rock series in Cili, Dayong, Yuanling, Xupu and Qianyang of West Hunan, central China, it has been revealed that the enrichment of Ag, V, and Mo is related with the development of multi-cell plants and vendotaenides, and that of Cu and Ni is related to flourishing of bacteria and shelly fossils. The black rock series in the study area contains abundant organic matter, among which the siliceous shale contains the highest TOC, amounting to 4.51-13.4%. All the values of the equivalent vitrinite reflectance (medium values) determinated with the IR-spectroscopic method in the
