In this paper,we define a new class of control functions through aggregate special functions.These class of control functions help us to stabilize and approximate a tri-additiveψ-functional inequality to get a better...In this paper,we define a new class of control functions through aggregate special functions.These class of control functions help us to stabilize and approximate a tri-additiveψ-functional inequality to get a better estimation for permuting tri-homomorphisms and permuting tri-derivations in unital C*-algebras and Banach algebras by the vector-valued alternative fixed point theorem.展开更多
In this note,we prove a logarithmic Sobolev inequality which holds for compact submanifolds without a boundary in manifolds with asymptotically nonnegative sectional curvature.Like the Michale-Simon Sobolev inequality...In this note,we prove a logarithmic Sobolev inequality which holds for compact submanifolds without a boundary in manifolds with asymptotically nonnegative sectional curvature.Like the Michale-Simon Sobolev inequality,this inequality contains a term involving the mean curvature.展开更多
Many solutions of variational inequalities have been proposed,among which the subgradient extragradient method has obvious advantages.Two different algorithms are given for solving variational inequality problem in th...Many solutions of variational inequalities have been proposed,among which the subgradient extragradient method has obvious advantages.Two different algorithms are given for solving variational inequality problem in this paper.The problem we study is defined in a real Hilbert space and has L-Lipschitz and pseudomonotone condition.Two new algorithms adopt inertial technology and non-monotonic step size rule,and their convergence can still be proved when the value of L is not given in advance.Finally,some numerical results are designed to demonstrate the computational efficiency of our two new algorithms.展开更多
Using real fields instead of complex ones, it was recently claimed, that all fermions are made of pairs of coupled fields (strings) with an internal tension related to mutual attraction forces, related to Planck’s co...Using real fields instead of complex ones, it was recently claimed, that all fermions are made of pairs of coupled fields (strings) with an internal tension related to mutual attraction forces, related to Planck’s constant. Quantum mechanics is described with real fields and real operators. Schrodinger and Dirac equations then are solved. The solution to Dirac equation gives four, real, 2-vectors solutions ψ1=(U1D1)ψ2=(U2D2)ψ3=(U3D3)ψ4=(U4D4)where (ψ1,ψ4) are coupled via linear combinations to yield spin-up and spin-down fermions. Likewise, (ψ2,ψ3) are coupled via linear combinations to represent spin-up and spin-down anti-fermions. For an incoming entangled pair of fermions, the combined solution is Ψin=c1ψ1+c4ψ4where c1and c4are some hidden variables. By applying a magnetic field in +Z and +x the theoretical results of a triple Stern-Gerlach experiment are predicted correctly. Then, by repeating Bell’s and Mermin Gedanken experiment with three magnetic filters σθ, at three different inclination angles θ, the violation of Bell’s inequality is proven. It is shown that all fermions are in a mixed state of spins and the ratio between spin-up to spin-down depends on the hidden variables.展开更多
Clustering a social network is a process of grouping social actors into clusters where intra-cluster similarities among actors are higher than inter-cluster similarities. Clustering approaches, i.e. , k-medoids or hie...Clustering a social network is a process of grouping social actors into clusters where intra-cluster similarities among actors are higher than inter-cluster similarities. Clustering approaches, i.e. , k-medoids or hierarchical, use the distance function to measure the dissimilarities among actors. These distance functions need to fulfill various properties, including the triangle inequality (TI). However, in some cases, the triangle inequality might be violated, impacting the quality of the resulting clusters. With experiments, this paper explains how TI violates while performing traditional clustering techniques: k-medoids, hierarchical, DENGRAPH, and spectral clustering on social networks and how the violation of TI affects the quality of the resulting clusters.展开更多
Holder’s inequality, its refinement, and reverse have received considerable attention in the theory of mathematical analysis and differential equations. In this paper, we give some refinements of Holder’s inequality...Holder’s inequality, its refinement, and reverse have received considerable attention in the theory of mathematical analysis and differential equations. In this paper, we give some refinements of Holder’s inequality and its reverse using a simple analytical technique of algebra and calculus. Our results show many results related to holder’s inequality as special cases of the inequalities presented.展开更多
Böröczky-Lutwak-Yang-Zhang proved the log-Brunn-Minkowski inequality for two origin-symmetric convex bodies in the plane in a way that is stronger than for the classical Brunn-Minkowski inequality.In this pa...Böröczky-Lutwak-Yang-Zhang proved the log-Brunn-Minkowski inequality for two origin-symmetric convex bodies in the plane in a way that is stronger than for the classical Brunn-Minkowski inequality.In this paper,we investigate the relative positive center set of planar convex bodies.As an application of the relative positive center,we prove the log-Minkowski inequality and the log-Brunn-Minkowski inequality.展开更多
It is not generally known that the inequality that Bell derived using three random variables must be identically satisfied by any three corresponding data sets of ±1’s that are writable on paper. This surprising...It is not generally known that the inequality that Bell derived using three random variables must be identically satisfied by any three corresponding data sets of ±1’s that are writable on paper. This surprising fact is not immediately obvious from Bell’s inequality derivation based on causal random variables, but follows immediately if the same mathematical operations are applied to finite data sets. For laboratory data, the inequality is identically satisfied as a fact of pure algebra, and its satisfaction is independent of whether the processes generating the data are local, non-local, deterministic, random, or nonsensical. It follows that if predicted correlations violate the inequality, they represent no three cross-correlated data sets that can exist, or can be generated from valid probability models. Reported data that violate the inequality consist of probabilistically independent data-pairs and are thus inconsistent with inequality derivation. In the case of random variables as Bell assumed, the correlations in the inequality may be expressed in terms of the probabilities that give rise to them. A new inequality is then produced: The Wigner inequality, that must be satisfied by quantum mechanical probabilities in the case of Bell experiments. If that were not the case, predicted quantum probabilities and correlations would be inconsistent with basic algebra.展开更多
Let C be the familiar class of normalized close-to-convex functions in the unit disk.In[17],Koepf demonstrated that,as to a function■in the class C,■By applying this inequality,it can be proven that‖a3|-|a2‖≤1 fo...Let C be the familiar class of normalized close-to-convex functions in the unit disk.In[17],Koepf demonstrated that,as to a function■in the class C,■By applying this inequality,it can be proven that‖a3|-|a2‖≤1 for close-to-convex functions.Now we generalized the above conclusions to a subclass of close-to-starlike mappings defined on the unit ball of a complex Banach space.展开更多
In this paper,we prove Talagrand’s T2 transportation cost-information inequality for the law of stochastic heat equation driven by Gaussian noise,which is fractional for a time variable with the Hurst index H∈(1/2,1...In this paper,we prove Talagrand’s T2 transportation cost-information inequality for the law of stochastic heat equation driven by Gaussian noise,which is fractional for a time variable with the Hurst index H∈(1/2,1),and is correlated for the spatial variable.The Girsanov theorem for fractional-colored Gaussian noise plays an important role in the proof.展开更多
In order to solve variational inequality problems of pseudomonotonicity and Lipschitz continuity in Hilbert spaces, an inertial subgradient extragradient algorithm is proposed by virtue of non-monotone stepsizes. More...In order to solve variational inequality problems of pseudomonotonicity and Lipschitz continuity in Hilbert spaces, an inertial subgradient extragradient algorithm is proposed by virtue of non-monotone stepsizes. Moreover, weak convergence and R-linear convergence analyses of the algorithm are constructed under appropriate assumptions. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through numerical implementations.展开更多
Little is known about the association between structural gender inequality and health in patriarchal China.This study employed a sample from the Chinese Women’s Social Status,consisting of 26,139 participants aged 18...Little is known about the association between structural gender inequality and health in patriarchal China.This study employed a sample from the Chinese Women’s Social Status,consisting of 26,139 participants aged 18 and 70 years(13,494 women and 12,645 men).Structural gender inequality was assessed at the macro-,meso-,and micro-levels.Mental health was measured by the summed scores of eight questions on depressive symptoms.Multilevel linear regression was applied for analysis.Results showed that total sex ratio at birth was associated with poorer mental health among women and men but sex ratio at birth of the second-born child predicted better mental health.Gender inequality at meso-level resulted in poorer mental health and gender inequality at micro-level was associated with poorer mental health both for men and women.Eliminating structural gender inequality promotes populations’mental health in China.展开更多
We prove the L estimate for the isotropic version of the homogeneous landau problem, which was explored by M. Gualdani and N. Guillen. As shown in a region of the smooth potentials range under values of the interactio...We prove the L estimate for the isotropic version of the homogeneous landau problem, which was explored by M. Gualdani and N. Guillen. As shown in a region of the smooth potentials range under values of the interaction exponent (2), a weighted Poincaré inequality is a natural consequence of the traditional weighted Hardy inequality, which in turn implies that the norms of solutions propagate in the L1 space. Now, the L estimate is based on the work of De Giorgi, Nash, and Moser, as well as a few weighted Sobolev inequalities.展开更多
Income inequality in China has evolved substantially amid rising productivity since reform and opening up in the late 1970s.Based on the group decomposition equation for Gini coefficient,this paper estimates China’s ...Income inequality in China has evolved substantially amid rising productivity since reform and opening up in the late 1970s.Based on the group decomposition equation for Gini coefficient,this paper estimates China’s inequality possibility frontier(IPF)and the inequality extraction rate(IER).Results indicate that:(i)From 1978 to 2017,China’s IPF continuously expanded amid improving productivity,and the maximum feasible Gini coefficient rose from 0.2281 to 0.8446.(ii)Meanwhile,China’s overall IER decreased from 123%to 55%.More specifically,China’s IER fell sharply over the period 1978-1980,stabilized in the period from the mid-1980s to 2012,and further declined after the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012.Currently,55%of China’s maximum feasible inequality has been converted into actual inequality.The correlation between inequality and productivity is recognized in academia but seldom explored in the literature.To fill this void,this paper empirically measures inequality in light of productivity development.Our research conclusions explain why yawning income gaps in China have been tolerated since reform and opening up,and offer empirical evidence for setting income distribution policies according to economic development in the new era.展开更多
In this article, by extending classical Dellacherie＇s theorem on stochastic se- quences to variable exponent spaces, we prove that the famous Burkholder-Gundy-Davis in- equality holds for martingales in variable expo...In this article, by extending classical Dellacherie＇s theorem on stochastic se- quences to variable exponent spaces, we prove that the famous Burkholder-Gundy-Davis in- equality holds for martingales in variable exponent Hardy spaces. We also obtain the variable exponent analogues of several martingale inequalities in classical theory, including convexity lemma, Chevalier＇s inequality and the equivalence of two kinds of martingale spaces with predictable control. Moreover, under the regular condition on σ-algebra sequence we prove the equivalence between five kinds of variable exponent martingale Hardy spaces.展开更多
Using product and convolution theorems on Lorentz spaces, we characterize the sufficient and necessary conditions which ensure the validity of the doubly weighted Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality. It should be poin...Using product and convolution theorems on Lorentz spaces, we characterize the sufficient and necessary conditions which ensure the validity of the doubly weighted Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality. It should be pointed out that we con- sider whole ranges of p and q, i.e., 0 〈 p ≤∞ and 0 〈 q ≤∞.展开更多
We consider the problem about the space embedded by the space and the embedding inequality. With the HSlder inequality and interpolation inequality, we give the proof of the space embedding theorem and the space holde...We consider the problem about the space embedded by the space and the embedding inequality. With the HSlder inequality and interpolation inequality, we give the proof of the space embedding theorem and the space holder embedding theorem.展开更多
As a generalization of grand Furuta inequality,recently Furuta obtain:If A≥ B≥0 with A>0,then for t∈[0,1]and p1,p2,p3,p4≥1, A t 2[A- t 2{A t 2(A/ t 2 Bp 1A /t2 )p 2A t 2}p 3A /t2 ]p 4A t 2 1 [{(p1/t)p2+t}p3-t]p...As a generalization of grand Furuta inequality,recently Furuta obtain:If A≥ B≥0 with A>0,then for t∈[0,1]and p1,p2,p3,p4≥1, A t 2[A- t 2{A t 2(A/ t 2 Bp 1A /t2 )p 2A t 2}p 3A /t2 ]p 4A t 2 1 [{(p1/t)p2+t}p3-t]p4+t]≤A. In this paper,we generalize this result for three operators as follow:If A≥B≥C≥0 with B>0,t∈[0,1]and p1,p2,···,p2n/1,p2n≥1 for a natural number n.Then the following inequalities hold for r≥t, A1/t+r≥ [A r 2[B /t 2{B t 2······[B /t 2{B t 2(B /t 2 ←B /t 2 n times Bt 2 n/1 times by turns Cp 1B /t 2)p 2B t 2}p 3B /t 2]p 4···B t 2}p 2n/1B /t 2 B /t 2 n times Bt 2 n/1 times by turns→ ]p 2nA r 2] 1/t+r q[2n]+r/t, where q[2n]≡{···[{[(p1/t)p2+t]p3/t}p4+t]p5/···/t}p2n+t /t and t alternately n times appear .展开更多
Recently in [4], the Jessen＇s type inequality for normalized positive C0-semigroups is obtained. In this note, we present few results of this inequality, yielding Holder＇s Type and Minkowski＇s type inequalities for...Recently in [4], the Jessen＇s type inequality for normalized positive C0-semigroups is obtained. In this note, we present few results of this inequality, yielding Holder＇s Type and Minkowski＇s type inequalities for corresponding semigroup. Moreover, a Dresher＇s type inequality for two-parameter family of means, is also proved.展开更多
基金partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(2019-03907)。
文摘In this paper,we define a new class of control functions through aggregate special functions.These class of control functions help us to stabilize and approximate a tri-additiveψ-functional inequality to get a better estimation for permuting tri-homomorphisms and permuting tri-derivations in unital C*-algebras and Banach algebras by the vector-valued alternative fixed point theorem.
基金Supported by the NSFC(11771087,12171091 and 11831005)。
文摘In this note,we prove a logarithmic Sobolev inequality which holds for compact submanifolds without a boundary in manifolds with asymptotically nonnegative sectional curvature.Like the Michale-Simon Sobolev inequality,this inequality contains a term involving the mean curvature.
文摘Many solutions of variational inequalities have been proposed,among which the subgradient extragradient method has obvious advantages.Two different algorithms are given for solving variational inequality problem in this paper.The problem we study is defined in a real Hilbert space and has L-Lipschitz and pseudomonotone condition.Two new algorithms adopt inertial technology and non-monotonic step size rule,and their convergence can still be proved when the value of L is not given in advance.Finally,some numerical results are designed to demonstrate the computational efficiency of our two new algorithms.
文摘Using real fields instead of complex ones, it was recently claimed, that all fermions are made of pairs of coupled fields (strings) with an internal tension related to mutual attraction forces, related to Planck’s constant. Quantum mechanics is described with real fields and real operators. Schrodinger and Dirac equations then are solved. The solution to Dirac equation gives four, real, 2-vectors solutions ψ1=(U1D1)ψ2=(U2D2)ψ3=(U3D3)ψ4=(U4D4)where (ψ1,ψ4) are coupled via linear combinations to yield spin-up and spin-down fermions. Likewise, (ψ2,ψ3) are coupled via linear combinations to represent spin-up and spin-down anti-fermions. For an incoming entangled pair of fermions, the combined solution is Ψin=c1ψ1+c4ψ4where c1and c4are some hidden variables. By applying a magnetic field in +Z and +x the theoretical results of a triple Stern-Gerlach experiment are predicted correctly. Then, by repeating Bell’s and Mermin Gedanken experiment with three magnetic filters σθ, at three different inclination angles θ, the violation of Bell’s inequality is proven. It is shown that all fermions are in a mixed state of spins and the ratio between spin-up to spin-down depends on the hidden variables.
文摘Clustering a social network is a process of grouping social actors into clusters where intra-cluster similarities among actors are higher than inter-cluster similarities. Clustering approaches, i.e. , k-medoids or hierarchical, use the distance function to measure the dissimilarities among actors. These distance functions need to fulfill various properties, including the triangle inequality (TI). However, in some cases, the triangle inequality might be violated, impacting the quality of the resulting clusters. With experiments, this paper explains how TI violates while performing traditional clustering techniques: k-medoids, hierarchical, DENGRAPH, and spectral clustering on social networks and how the violation of TI affects the quality of the resulting clusters.
文摘Holder’s inequality, its refinement, and reverse have received considerable attention in the theory of mathematical analysis and differential equations. In this paper, we give some refinements of Holder’s inequality and its reverse using a simple analytical technique of algebra and calculus. Our results show many results related to holder’s inequality as special cases of the inequalities presented.
基金Supported by the Excellent Young Talents Fund Program of Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province (gxyqZD2020022)the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province (2022AH040067)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3132023202)National Natural Science Foundation of China (12001080).
文摘Böröczky-Lutwak-Yang-Zhang proved the log-Brunn-Minkowski inequality for two origin-symmetric convex bodies in the plane in a way that is stronger than for the classical Brunn-Minkowski inequality.In this paper,we investigate the relative positive center set of planar convex bodies.As an application of the relative positive center,we prove the log-Minkowski inequality and the log-Brunn-Minkowski inequality.
文摘It is not generally known that the inequality that Bell derived using three random variables must be identically satisfied by any three corresponding data sets of ±1’s that are writable on paper. This surprising fact is not immediately obvious from Bell’s inequality derivation based on causal random variables, but follows immediately if the same mathematical operations are applied to finite data sets. For laboratory data, the inequality is identically satisfied as a fact of pure algebra, and its satisfaction is independent of whether the processes generating the data are local, non-local, deterministic, random, or nonsensical. It follows that if predicted correlations violate the inequality, they represent no three cross-correlated data sets that can exist, or can be generated from valid probability models. Reported data that violate the inequality consist of probabilistically independent data-pairs and are thus inconsistent with inequality derivation. In the case of random variables as Bell assumed, the correlations in the inequality may be expressed in terms of the probabilities that give rise to them. A new inequality is then produced: The Wigner inequality, that must be satisfied by quantum mechanical probabilities in the case of Bell experiments. If that were not the case, predicted quantum probabilities and correlations would be inconsistent with basic algebra.
基金Supported by the NNSF of China(11971165)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY21A010003)。
文摘Let C be the familiar class of normalized close-to-convex functions in the unit disk.In[17],Koepf demonstrated that,as to a function■in the class C,■By applying this inequality,it can be proven that‖a3|-|a2‖≤1 for close-to-convex functions.Now we generalized the above conclusions to a subclass of close-to-starlike mappings defined on the unit ball of a complex Banach space.
基金supported by the Shanghai Sailing Program (21YF1415300)the Natural Science Foundation of China (12101392)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (11871382,11771161).
文摘In this paper,we prove Talagrand’s T2 transportation cost-information inequality for the law of stochastic heat equation driven by Gaussian noise,which is fractional for a time variable with the Hurst index H∈(1/2,1),and is correlated for the spatial variable.The Girsanov theorem for fractional-colored Gaussian noise plays an important role in the proof.
文摘In order to solve variational inequality problems of pseudomonotonicity and Lipschitz continuity in Hilbert spaces, an inertial subgradient extragradient algorithm is proposed by virtue of non-monotone stepsizes. Moreover, weak convergence and R-linear convergence analyses of the algorithm are constructed under appropriate assumptions. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through numerical implementations.
文摘Little is known about the association between structural gender inequality and health in patriarchal China.This study employed a sample from the Chinese Women’s Social Status,consisting of 26,139 participants aged 18 and 70 years(13,494 women and 12,645 men).Structural gender inequality was assessed at the macro-,meso-,and micro-levels.Mental health was measured by the summed scores of eight questions on depressive symptoms.Multilevel linear regression was applied for analysis.Results showed that total sex ratio at birth was associated with poorer mental health among women and men but sex ratio at birth of the second-born child predicted better mental health.Gender inequality at meso-level resulted in poorer mental health and gender inequality at micro-level was associated with poorer mental health both for men and women.Eliminating structural gender inequality promotes populations’mental health in China.
文摘We prove the L estimate for the isotropic version of the homogeneous landau problem, which was explored by M. Gualdani and N. Guillen. As shown in a region of the smooth potentials range under values of the interaction exponent (2), a weighted Poincaré inequality is a natural consequence of the traditional weighted Hardy inequality, which in turn implies that the norms of solutions propagate in the L1 space. Now, the L estimate is based on the work of De Giorgi, Nash, and Moser, as well as a few weighted Sobolev inequalities.
基金This paper is an outcome of the Social Science Research Results Review Committee Project of Hunan Province“Income Inequality in China from an Evolving Productivity Perspective:1978-2019”(Grant No.XSP20YBZ109).
文摘Income inequality in China has evolved substantially amid rising productivity since reform and opening up in the late 1970s.Based on the group decomposition equation for Gini coefficient,this paper estimates China’s inequality possibility frontier(IPF)and the inequality extraction rate(IER).Results indicate that:(i)From 1978 to 2017,China’s IPF continuously expanded amid improving productivity,and the maximum feasible Gini coefficient rose from 0.2281 to 0.8446.(ii)Meanwhile,China’s overall IER decreased from 123%to 55%.More specifically,China’s IER fell sharply over the period 1978-1980,stabilized in the period from the mid-1980s to 2012,and further declined after the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012.Currently,55%of China’s maximum feasible inequality has been converted into actual inequality.The correlation between inequality and productivity is recognized in academia but seldom explored in the literature.To fill this void,this paper empirically measures inequality in light of productivity development.Our research conclusions explain why yawning income gaps in China have been tolerated since reform and opening up,and offer empirical evidence for setting income distribution policies according to economic development in the new era.
基金supported by NSFC(11471251)supported by NSFC(11271293)
文摘In this article, by extending classical Dellacherie＇s theorem on stochastic se- quences to variable exponent spaces, we prove that the famous Burkholder-Gundy-Davis in- equality holds for martingales in variable exponent Hardy spaces. We also obtain the variable exponent analogues of several martingale inequalities in classical theory, including convexity lemma, Chevalier＇s inequality and the equivalence of two kinds of martingale spaces with predictable control. Moreover, under the regular condition on σ-algebra sequence we prove the equivalence between five kinds of variable exponent martingale Hardy spaces.
基金supported in part by National Natural Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11071250 and 11271162)
文摘Using product and convolution theorems on Lorentz spaces, we characterize the sufficient and necessary conditions which ensure the validity of the doubly weighted Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality. It should be pointed out that we con- sider whole ranges of p and q, i.e., 0 〈 p ≤∞ and 0 〈 q ≤∞.
基金Supported by Soft Science Project of Henan Province(072102210020)
文摘We consider the problem about the space embedded by the space and the embedding inequality. With the HSlder inequality and interpolation inequality, we give the proof of the space embedding theorem and the space holder embedding theorem.
基金Supported by the Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China（208081） Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province（102300410012 2007110016 2008B110006）
文摘As a generalization of grand Furuta inequality,recently Furuta obtain:If A≥ B≥0 with A>0,then for t∈[0,1]and p1,p2,p3,p4≥1, A t 2[A- t 2{A t 2(A/ t 2 Bp 1A /t2 )p 2A t 2}p 3A /t2 ]p 4A t 2 1 [{(p1/t)p2+t}p3-t]p4+t]≤A. In this paper,we generalize this result for three operators as follow:If A≥B≥C≥0 with B>0,t∈[0,1]and p1,p2,···,p2n/1,p2n≥1 for a natural number n.Then the following inequalities hold for r≥t, A1/t+r≥ [A r 2[B /t 2{B t 2······[B /t 2{B t 2(B /t 2 ←B /t 2 n times Bt 2 n/1 times by turns Cp 1B /t 2)p 2B t 2}p 3B /t 2]p 4···B t 2}p 2n/1B /t 2 B /t 2 n times Bt 2 n/1 times by turns→ ]p 2nA r 2] 1/t+r q[2n]+r/t, where q[2n]≡{···[{[(p1/t)p2+t]p3/t}p4+t]p5/···/t}p2n+t /t and t alternately n times appear .
文摘Recently in [4], the Jessen＇s type inequality for normalized positive C0-semigroups is obtained. In this note, we present few results of this inequality, yielding Holder＇s Type and Minkowski＇s type inequalities for corresponding semigroup. Moreover, a Dresher＇s type inequality for two-parameter family of means, is also proved.
