The corrosion behavior of the 110S tube steel in the environments of high H2 S and CO2 content was inves- tigated by using a high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave, and the corrosion products were characterized ...The corrosion behavior of the 110S tube steel in the environments of high H2 S and CO2 content was inves- tigated by using a high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave, and the corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X ray diffraction technique. The results showed that all of the corrosion products under the test conditions mainly consisted of different types of iron sulfides such as pyrrhotite of Fe0.95 S, mackinaw- ite of FeS0.9, Fe0. 985 S and FeS, and the absence of iron carbonate in the corrosion scales indicated that the corrosion process was controlled by H2S corrosion. The corrosion rate of the 110S steel decreased firstly and then increased with the rising of temperature. The minimum corrosion rate occurred at 110 ℃. When the H2 S partial pressure PH2s below 9 MPa, the corrosion rate declined with the increase of PH2s. While over 9 MPa, a higher PH2s resulted in a faster corrosion process. With the increasing of the CO2 partial pressure, the corrosion rate had an increasing trend. The morphologies of the corrosion scales had a good accordance with the corrosion rates.展开更多
The effects of B2O3 addition on both the sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of CaO-B2O3-SiO2 （CBS） glass ceramics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, X-ray diff...The effects of B2O3 addition on both the sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of CaO-B2O3-SiO2 （CBS） glass ceramics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results show that the increasing amount of B203 causes the increase of the contents of [BO3], [BO4] and [SiO4], which deduces the increase of CaB204 and a-SiO2 and the decrease of CaSiO3 correspondingly. No new phase is observed throughout the entire experiments. A bulk density of 2.54 g/cm3, a thermal expansion coefficient value of 11.95× 10-6 ℃-1 （20-500℃）, a dielectric constant er value of 6.42 and a dielectric loss tanδ value of 0.000 9 （measured at 9.7 GHz） are obtained for CBS glass ceramics containing 35%-B203 （mass fraction） sintered at 850 ℃ for 15 min.展开更多
The selection of appropriate materials for the transportation pipelines is of vital importance to ensure the safety operation in Carbon Capture,Utilisation and Storage(CCUS).To clarify the effects of Cr content in ste...The selection of appropriate materials for the transportation pipelines is of vital importance to ensure the safety operation in Carbon Capture,Utilisation and Storage(CCUS).To clarify the effects of Cr content in steel on the resistance against general and localised corrosion,electrochemistry methods combined with pH measurements and various surface analysis techniques were implemented on X65,1Cr,3Cr and 5Cr steel samples in a CO_(2)-saturated solution at 60°C and pH 6.6 during 192 h of immersion.Additionally,thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of the formation of the corrosion products on carbon steel and low-Cr steels were performed.The results show that the general corrosion resistance increased with rising Cr content without the presence of significant corrosion products formation.However,with the formation and development of the corrosion products,the general corrosion resistance reduced with the increase in Cr content.The formation of the compact crystalline FeCO3 on X65 and 1Cr steel surfaces offered superior general corrosion protection,while cannot provide enough localised corrosion protection.By contrast,the double-structural corrosion product layers on 3Cr and 5Cr steels notably suppressed the localised corrosion,but providing poor protection against general corrosion over long immersion periods.This study reveals the contributions of Cr content on general and localised corrosion resistance at various periods,providing references for material selection and evaluation in CO_(2) environments relevant for CCUS.展开更多
The effect of Na-excess content in the precursor on the structural and electrochemical performances of sodium nickel manganese oxide(NNMO)prepared by sol-gel and electrospinning methods is investigated in this paper.X...The effect of Na-excess content in the precursor on the structural and electrochemical performances of sodium nickel manganese oxide(NNMO)prepared by sol-gel and electrospinning methods is investigated in this paper.X-ray diffraction results of the prepared NNMO without adding Na-excess content indicate sodium loss,while the mixed phase of P2/O′3-type layered NNMO presented after adding Na-excess content.Compared with the sol-gel method,the secondary phase of NiO is more suppressed by using the electrospinning method,which is further confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope images.N_(2) adsorption-desorption isotherms show no remarkably difference in specific surface areas between different preparation methods and Na-excess contents.The analysis of X-ray absorption near edge structure indicates that the oxidation states of Ni and Mn are+2 and+4,respectively.For the electrochemical properties,superior electrochemical performance is observed in the NNMO electrode with a low Na-excess content of 5wt%.The highest specific capacitance is 36.07 F·g^(-1)at0.1 A·g^(-1)in the NNMO electrode prepared by using the sol-gel method.By contrast,the NNMO electrode prepared using the electrospinning method with decreased Na-excess content shows excellent cycling stability of 100%after charge-discharge measurements for 300 cycles.Therefore,controlling the Na excess in the precursor together with the preparation method is important for improving the electrochemical performance of Na-based electrode materials in supercapacitors.展开更多
Pd/γ-Al2O3–TiO2catalysts containing various compositions of titania and alumina were prepared by sol–gel and wet-impregnation methods in attempt to study the particle size, nature of phases, morphology and structur...Pd/γ-Al2O3–TiO2catalysts containing various compositions of titania and alumina were prepared by sol–gel and wet-impregnation methods in attempt to study the particle size, nature of phases, morphology and structure of the composite samples. The ethanol oxidation experiments, N2adsorption–desorption,FTIR, XRD and XPS were conducted, and the effects of Al2O3content on the surface area, phase transformation and structural properties of TiO2were investigated. The optimal value of ethanol conversion appeared on Pd/Al(0.05)–Ti and Pd/Al(0.90)–Ti catalysts irrespective of the ethanol oxidation temperature, and we call this as a double peaks phenomenon of catalytic activity. The XRD results reveal that the phase composition and crystallite size of the mixed oxides depend on Al2O3/TiO2ratio and calcination temperature. Al2O3can effectively prevent the agglomeration of TiO2and this can be ascribed to the formation of Al–O–Ti chemical bonds in Al2O3–TiO2crystals. Binding energy and Pd surface concentration of the catalysts were modified apparently, which may also lead to catalyst activity changes.展开更多
Biochemical components of Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)are critical to physiological and ecological processes and play an important role in the material and energy cycles of the ecosystem.The coupled PROSPECT w...Biochemical components of Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)are critical to physiological and ecological processes and play an important role in the material and energy cycles of the ecosystem.The coupled PROSPECT with SAIL(PROSAIL)radiative transfer model is widely used for vegetation biochemical component content inversion.However,the presence of leaf-eating pests,such as Pantana phyllostachysae Chao(PPC),weakens the performance of the model for estimating biochemical components of Moso bamboo and thus must be considered.Therefore,this study considered pest-induced stress signals associated with Sentinel-2A/B images and field data and established multiple sets of biochemical canopy reflectance look-up tables(LUTs)based on the PROSAIL framework by setting different parameter ranges according to infestation levels.Quantitative inversions of leaf area index(LAI),leaf chlorophyll content(LCC),and leaf equivalent water thickness(LEWT)were derived.The scale conversions from LCC to canopy chlorophyll content(CCC)and LEWT to canopy equivalent water thickness(CEWT)were calculated.The results showed that LAI,CCC,and CEWT were inversely related with PPC-induced stress.When applying multiple LUTs,the p-values were<0.01;the R2 values for LAI,CCC,and CEWT were 0.71,0.68,and 0.65 with root mean square error(RMSE)(normalized RMSE,NRMSE)values of 0.38(0.16),17.56μg cm-2(0.20),and 0.02 cm(0.51),respectively.Compared to the values obtained for the traditional PROSAIL model,for October,R2 values increased by 0.05 and 0.10 and NRMSE decreased by 0.09 and 0.02 for CCC and CEWT,respectively and RMSE decreased by 0.35μg cm-2 for CCC.The feasibility of the inverse strategy for integrating pest-induced stress factors into the PROSAIL model,while establishing multiple LUTs under different pest-induced damage levels,was successfully demonstrated and can potentially enhance future vegetation parameter inversion and monitoring of bamboo forest health and ecosystems.展开更多
The Co content dependence of crystal structure and specific magnetization of Fe1-xCox-SiO2granular solid prepared by the sol-gel method have been studied. It is found that the crystal structure, Iattice parameter and ...The Co content dependence of crystal structure and specific magnetization of Fe1-xCox-SiO2granular solid prepared by the sol-gel method have been studied. It is found that the crystal structure, Iattice parameter and specific magnetization of the FeCo alloy particles depend on the Co content.展开更多
The Hashan area,neighboring the Mahu Sag that is rich in the shale oil resources,showed commercial oil flow in the corresponding lacustrine shales of the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation(P)with reserve scale approxim...The Hashan area,neighboring the Mahu Sag that is rich in the shale oil resources,showed commercial oil flow in the corresponding lacustrine shales of the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation(P)with reserve scale approximately 789 million tons,presenting great potential for oil exploration.Despite their geographical proximity,the hydrocarbon occurrence and oil-bearing capacity of shale in the Hashan area and Mahu Sag greatly differ owing to the complex tectonic evolution.Therefore,understanding the occurrence state and oil content of the Pif in the Hashan area is crucial for ongoing shale oil exploration activities and the development of the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin.In this study,an in-tegrated investigation,including petrological observations,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)obser-vation,analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)Ti-T2 spectra,and conventional and multistage Rock-Eval pyrolysis methods were conducted to evaluate the occurrence state and oil content of the Pif shale in the Hashan area.The results indicate that plagioclase(average 30.7%)and quartz(24.1%)dominate the mineral compositions of the Pf shale samples.A method involving quartz-plagioclase-carbonate minerals is proposed to conduct lithofacies classification.In the Hashan area,the organic matter abundance in the Pf shale is scaled in fair to good range,the thermal maturity ranges from immature to early mature stage,and the primary organic matter types are Types I and Ilj.Intergranular and dissolution pores are the two most common pore types.The free oil is mostly found in the pores and microfractures of the mineral matrix,whereas the adsorbed oil is mostly adsorbed on the surfaces of kerogen and clay minerals.The high organic matter abundance,quartz content,and porosity account for substantial increase in the oil content,the area rich in shale oil resources coincides with that rich in free oil.The most favorable lithofacies in the Hashan area is the calcareous mudstone/shale,which hosts the highest free oil content(average 2.49 mg),total oil content(15.02 mg/g),organic matter abundance CTOC:1.88% and S_(1)+S_(2)=20.54mg/g and orositv(5.97%)展开更多
基金Sponsored by Key National Science and Technology Specific Projects of China(2008ZX05017-002)
文摘The corrosion behavior of the 110S tube steel in the environments of high H2 S and CO2 content was inves- tigated by using a high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave, and the corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X ray diffraction technique. The results showed that all of the corrosion products under the test conditions mainly consisted of different types of iron sulfides such as pyrrhotite of Fe0.95 S, mackinaw- ite of FeS0.9, Fe0. 985 S and FeS, and the absence of iron carbonate in the corrosion scales indicated that the corrosion process was controlled by H2S corrosion. The corrosion rate of the 110S steel decreased firstly and then increased with the rising of temperature. The minimum corrosion rate occurred at 110 ℃. When the H2 S partial pressure PH2s below 9 MPa, the corrosion rate declined with the increase of PH2s. While over 9 MPa, a higher PH2s resulted in a faster corrosion process. With the increasing of the CO2 partial pressure, the corrosion rate had an increasing trend. The morphologies of the corrosion scales had a good accordance with the corrosion rates.
基金Project(2007AA03Z0455) supported by the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(BE2009168) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province in ChinaProject supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution,China
文摘The effects of B2O3 addition on both the sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of CaO-B2O3-SiO2 （CBS） glass ceramics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results show that the increasing amount of B203 causes the increase of the contents of [BO3], [BO4] and [SiO4], which deduces the increase of CaB204 and a-SiO2 and the decrease of CaSiO3 correspondingly. No new phase is observed throughout the entire experiments. A bulk density of 2.54 g/cm3, a thermal expansion coefficient value of 11.95× 10-6 ℃-1 （20-500℃）, a dielectric constant er value of 6.42 and a dielectric loss tanδ value of 0.000 9 （measured at 9.7 GHz） are obtained for CBS glass ceramics containing 35%-B203 （mass fraction） sintered at 850 ℃ for 15 min.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB4001601)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QE036)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22CX06052A)the Postgraduate Innovation Funding Project of China University of Petroleum(East China)(YCX2020070)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20CX02405A)the Development Fund of Shandong Key Laboratory of Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation Safety.
文摘The selection of appropriate materials for the transportation pipelines is of vital importance to ensure the safety operation in Carbon Capture,Utilisation and Storage(CCUS).To clarify the effects of Cr content in steel on the resistance against general and localised corrosion,electrochemistry methods combined with pH measurements and various surface analysis techniques were implemented on X65,1Cr,3Cr and 5Cr steel samples in a CO_(2)-saturated solution at 60°C and pH 6.6 during 192 h of immersion.Additionally,thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of the formation of the corrosion products on carbon steel and low-Cr steels were performed.The results show that the general corrosion resistance increased with rising Cr content without the presence of significant corrosion products formation.However,with the formation and development of the corrosion products,the general corrosion resistance reduced with the increase in Cr content.The formation of the compact crystalline FeCO3 on X65 and 1Cr steel surfaces offered superior general corrosion protection,while cannot provide enough localised corrosion protection.By contrast,the double-structural corrosion product layers on 3Cr and 5Cr steels notably suppressed the localised corrosion,but providing poor protection against general corrosion over long immersion periods.This study reveals the contributions of Cr content on general and localised corrosion resistance at various periods,providing references for material selection and evaluation in CO_(2) environments relevant for CCUS.
基金financially supported by (i) Suranaree University of Technology,(ii) Thailand Science Research and Innovation,and (iii) National Science,Research and Innovation Fund(project codes 90464 and 160363)。
文摘The effect of Na-excess content in the precursor on the structural and electrochemical performances of sodium nickel manganese oxide(NNMO)prepared by sol-gel and electrospinning methods is investigated in this paper.X-ray diffraction results of the prepared NNMO without adding Na-excess content indicate sodium loss,while the mixed phase of P2/O′3-type layered NNMO presented after adding Na-excess content.Compared with the sol-gel method,the secondary phase of NiO is more suppressed by using the electrospinning method,which is further confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope images.N_(2) adsorption-desorption isotherms show no remarkably difference in specific surface areas between different preparation methods and Na-excess contents.The analysis of X-ray absorption near edge structure indicates that the oxidation states of Ni and Mn are+2 and+4,respectively.For the electrochemical properties,superior electrochemical performance is observed in the NNMO electrode with a low Na-excess content of 5wt%.The highest specific capacitance is 36.07 F·g^(-1)at0.1 A·g^(-1)in the NNMO electrode prepared by using the sol-gel method.By contrast,the NNMO electrode prepared using the electrospinning method with decreased Na-excess content shows excellent cycling stability of 100%after charge-discharge measurements for 300 cycles.Therefore,controlling the Na excess in the precursor together with the preparation method is important for improving the electrochemical performance of Na-based electrode materials in supercapacitors.
基金supported by Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Projects(No.20140313002-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21073131)
文摘Pd/γ-Al2O3–TiO2catalysts containing various compositions of titania and alumina were prepared by sol–gel and wet-impregnation methods in attempt to study the particle size, nature of phases, morphology and structure of the composite samples. The ethanol oxidation experiments, N2adsorption–desorption,FTIR, XRD and XPS were conducted, and the effects of Al2O3content on the surface area, phase transformation and structural properties of TiO2were investigated. The optimal value of ethanol conversion appeared on Pd/Al(0.05)–Ti and Pd/Al(0.90)–Ti catalysts irrespective of the ethanol oxidation temperature, and we call this as a double peaks phenomenon of catalytic activity. The XRD results reveal that the phase composition and crystallite size of the mixed oxides depend on Al2O3/TiO2ratio and calcination temperature. Al2O3can effectively prevent the agglomeration of TiO2and this can be ascribed to the formation of Al–O–Ti chemical bonds in Al2O3–TiO2crystals. Binding energy and Pd surface concentration of the catalysts were modified apparently, which may also lead to catalyst activity changes.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071300)the Fujian Province Natural Science(2020J01504)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630728)the Open Fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Monitoring&Sustainable Management and Utilization(ZD202102)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in Fujian Province University(KC190002)the Open Fund of University Key Lab of Geomatics Technology and Optimize Resources Utilization in Fujian Province(fafugeo201901)supported by the Research Project of Jinjiang Fuda Science and Education Park Development Center(2019-JJFDKY-17)。
文摘Biochemical components of Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)are critical to physiological and ecological processes and play an important role in the material and energy cycles of the ecosystem.The coupled PROSPECT with SAIL(PROSAIL)radiative transfer model is widely used for vegetation biochemical component content inversion.However,the presence of leaf-eating pests,such as Pantana phyllostachysae Chao(PPC),weakens the performance of the model for estimating biochemical components of Moso bamboo and thus must be considered.Therefore,this study considered pest-induced stress signals associated with Sentinel-2A/B images and field data and established multiple sets of biochemical canopy reflectance look-up tables(LUTs)based on the PROSAIL framework by setting different parameter ranges according to infestation levels.Quantitative inversions of leaf area index(LAI),leaf chlorophyll content(LCC),and leaf equivalent water thickness(LEWT)were derived.The scale conversions from LCC to canopy chlorophyll content(CCC)and LEWT to canopy equivalent water thickness(CEWT)were calculated.The results showed that LAI,CCC,and CEWT were inversely related with PPC-induced stress.When applying multiple LUTs,the p-values were<0.01;the R2 values for LAI,CCC,and CEWT were 0.71,0.68,and 0.65 with root mean square error(RMSE)(normalized RMSE,NRMSE)values of 0.38(0.16),17.56μg cm-2(0.20),and 0.02 cm(0.51),respectively.Compared to the values obtained for the traditional PROSAIL model,for October,R2 values increased by 0.05 and 0.10 and NRMSE decreased by 0.09 and 0.02 for CCC and CEWT,respectively and RMSE decreased by 0.35μg cm-2 for CCC.The feasibility of the inverse strategy for integrating pest-induced stress factors into the PROSAIL model,while establishing multiple LUTs under different pest-induced damage levels,was successfully demonstrated and can potentially enhance future vegetation parameter inversion and monitoring of bamboo forest health and ecosystems.
文摘The Co content dependence of crystal structure and specific magnetization of Fe1-xCox-SiO2granular solid prepared by the sol-gel method have been studied. It is found that the crystal structure, Iattice parameter and specific magnetization of the FeCo alloy particles depend on the Co content.
基金co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42072172,41772120)Shandong Province Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.JQ201311)the Graduate Scientific and Technological Innovation Project Financially Supported by Shandong University of Science and Technology(Grant No.YC20210825).
文摘The Hashan area,neighboring the Mahu Sag that is rich in the shale oil resources,showed commercial oil flow in the corresponding lacustrine shales of the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation(P)with reserve scale approximately 789 million tons,presenting great potential for oil exploration.Despite their geographical proximity,the hydrocarbon occurrence and oil-bearing capacity of shale in the Hashan area and Mahu Sag greatly differ owing to the complex tectonic evolution.Therefore,understanding the occurrence state and oil content of the Pif in the Hashan area is crucial for ongoing shale oil exploration activities and the development of the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin.In this study,an in-tegrated investigation,including petrological observations,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)obser-vation,analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)Ti-T2 spectra,and conventional and multistage Rock-Eval pyrolysis methods were conducted to evaluate the occurrence state and oil content of the Pif shale in the Hashan area.The results indicate that plagioclase(average 30.7%)and quartz(24.1%)dominate the mineral compositions of the Pf shale samples.A method involving quartz-plagioclase-carbonate minerals is proposed to conduct lithofacies classification.In the Hashan area,the organic matter abundance in the Pf shale is scaled in fair to good range,the thermal maturity ranges from immature to early mature stage,and the primary organic matter types are Types I and Ilj.Intergranular and dissolution pores are the two most common pore types.The free oil is mostly found in the pores and microfractures of the mineral matrix,whereas the adsorbed oil is mostly adsorbed on the surfaces of kerogen and clay minerals.The high organic matter abundance,quartz content,and porosity account for substantial increase in the oil content,the area rich in shale oil resources coincides with that rich in free oil.The most favorable lithofacies in the Hashan area is the calcareous mudstone/shale,which hosts the highest free oil content(average 2.49 mg),total oil content(15.02 mg/g),organic matter abundance CTOC:1.88% and S_(1)+S_(2)=20.54mg/g and orositv(5.97%)
