With the structure of two air gaps and two rotors, the electromagnetic continuously variable transmission（EMCVT） is a novel power-split continuously variable transmission（CVT）. There are two kinds of power flowing...With the structure of two air gaps and two rotors, the electromagnetic continuously variable transmission（EMCVT） is a novel power-split continuously variable transmission（CVT）. There are two kinds of power flowing through the EMCVT, one is mechanical power and the other is electric power. In the mean time, there are three power ports in the EMCVT, one is the outer rotor named mechanical power port and the other two are the inner rotor and the stator named electric power ports. The mechanical power port is connected to the driving wheels through the final gear and the electric ports are connected to the batteries through the transducers. The two kinds of power are coupled on the outer rotor of the EMCVT. The EMCVT can be equipped on the conventional vehicle being regarded as the CVT and it also can be equipped on the hybrid electric vehicle（HEV） as the multi-energy sources assembly. The power flows of these two kinds of applications are analysed. The back electromotive force（EMF） equations are illatively studied and so the dynamic mathematic model is theorized. In order to certify the feasibility of the above theories, three simulations are carried out in allusion to the above two kinds of mentioned applications of the EMCVT and a five speed automatic transmission（AT） vehicle. The simulation results illustrate that the efficiency of the EMCVT vehicles is higher than that of the AT vehicle owed to the optimized operation area of the engine. Hence the fuel consumption of the EMCVT vehicles is knock-down.展开更多
Vibrational power flow on combined plates with a change in mass and stiffness or with viscoelastic damping layer used widely in engineering is studied. The expressions of flexural displacement and other physical quan...Vibrational power flow on combined plates with a change in mass and stiffness or with viscoelastic damping layer used widely in engineering is studied. The expressions of flexural displacement and other physical quantities are obtained using Laplace transformation and transfer matrix approach, then influences of changes in mass and stiffness of discontinuous material and the free damping layer on the input power flow and the transmitted power flow are discussed. The conclusions provide theory basis for structural optimization design and reducing noise and vibration展开更多
Cascading failure is a potential threat in power systems with the scale development of wind power,especially for the large-scale grid-connected and long distance transmission wind power base in China.This introduces a...Cascading failure is a potential threat in power systems with the scale development of wind power,especially for the large-scale grid-connected and long distance transmission wind power base in China.This introduces a complex network theory(CNT)for cascading failure analysis considering wind farm integration.A cascading failure power flow analysis model for complex power networks is established with improved network topology principles and methods.The network load and boundary conditions are determined to reflect the operational states of power systems.Three typical network evaluation indicators are used to evaluate the topology characteristics of power network before and after malfunction including connectivity level,global effective performance and percentage of load loss(PLL).The impacts of node removal,grid current tolerance capability,wind power instantaneous penetrations,and wind farm coupling points on the power grid are analyzed based on the IEEE 30 bus system.Through the simulation analysis,the occurrence mechanism and main influence factors of cascading failure are determined.Finally,corresponding defense strategies are proposed to reduce the hazards of cascading failure in power systems.展开更多
The sequential method is easy to integrate with existing large-scale alternating current(AC)power flow solvers and is therefore a common approach for solving the power flow of AC/direct current(DC)hybrid systems.In th...The sequential method is easy to integrate with existing large-scale alternating current(AC)power flow solvers and is therefore a common approach for solving the power flow of AC/direct current(DC)hybrid systems.In this paper,a highperformance graph computing based distributed parallel implementation of the sequential method with an improved initial estimate approach for hybrid AC/DC systems is developed.The proposed approach is capable of speeding up the entire computation process without compromising the accuracy of result.First,the AC/DC network is intuitively represented by a graph and stored in a graph database(GDB)to expedite data processing.Considering the interconnection of AC grids via high-voltage direct current(HVDC)links,the network is subsequently partitioned into independent areas which are naturally fit for distributed power flow analysis.For each area,the fast-decoupled power flow(FDPF)is employed with node-based parallel computing(NPC)and hierarchical parallel computing(HPC)to quickly identify system states.Furthermore,to reduce the alternate iterations in the sequential method,a new decoupled approach is utilized to achieve a good initial estimate for the Newton-Raphson method.With the improved initial estimate,the sequential method can converge in fewer iterations.Consequently,the proposed approach allows for significant reduction in computing time and is able to meet the requirement of the real-time analysis platform for power system.The performance is verified on standard IEEE 300-bus system,extended large-scale systems,and a practical 11119-bus system in China.展开更多
This paper presents engineering experiences from battery energy storage system(BESS)projects that require design and implementation of specialized power conversion systems(a fast-response,automatic power converter and...This paper presents engineering experiences from battery energy storage system(BESS)projects that require design and implementation of specialized power conversion systems(a fast-response,automatic power converter and controller).These projects concern areas of generation,transmission,and distribution of electric energy,as well as end-energy user benefits,such as grid frequency regulation,renewable energy smoothing and leveling,energy dispatching and arbitrage,power quality and reliability improvements for connected customers,islanding operations,and smart microgrid applications.In general,a grid level BESS project sends an interconnect request to utility power grids in the project development stage.Simulation models of equipment are then sent for a system impact study(e.g.,power flow and/or stability analysis),based on utility grid code requirements.The system study then determines the connection’s technical feasibility and impact of the project on the power grid.In this paper,a set of new BESS models is presented that are configured and parameterized for use in system impact studies as well as transmission planning studies.The models,which have been recently approved and released by the U.S.Western Electricity Coordinating Council(WECC),represent the steady state and dynamic performance of the BESS in several software platforms for power system studies based on operating project performance experience.Model benchmarking results as well as a real system case study are also included in the paper to show that the parameterized and tuned models respond correctly and as expected when system operating conditions change following contingency events.Finally,this paper provides useful guidelines in the use of new models to represent a BESS for power system analysis.展开更多
Distribution system analysis(DSA)currently faces several challenges due to inclusion of distributed energy resources(DERs),which have many characteristics,such as inherent variability,uncertainty,possibility of flexib...Distribution system analysis(DSA)currently faces several challenges due to inclusion of distributed energy resources(DERs),which have many characteristics,such as inherent variability,uncertainty,possibility of flexible four quadrant converter operations with distributed generation(DG),and the need for efficient operations to improve reliability of the supply system.This article argues for a high degree of case-specificity and discusses its implications in distribution networks with increasing DG penetration.The research is based on the exhaustive yearly simulation analyses of 132 candidate scenarios and investigates the effects of feeder-specific factors,such as geo-electric size and feeder spread,load density,and phase unbalancing.Nineteen(19)feeder variants—with phase-domain detailed modeling of all feeder components,including DGs,are subjected to increasing penetration of photovoltaic generation without altering the type and location of DGs.The objective is to analyze the role of feederspecific factors on feeder response characteristics in terms of annualized operational parameters,such as energy losses,feeder voltage profile,average power factor,and peak demand at a substation node,as well as tap-changer operations of voltage regulating equipment and their interaction with shunt compensation.Recorded annual load profiles—industrial,commercial,and residential—as well as location specific weather data are used to simulate the candidate scenarios based on three IEEE test feeders and one actual spot network in India.Results signify the consideration of feeder-specific factors in the planning exercise of grouping“similar”feeders for formulating the strategies that can improve daily operations of distribution feeders.The demonstrated case-specificity also implies that optimization algorithms for improved operations with DGs will need to be based on an integrated approach that accounts for feeder-specific factors as well as cyclic variability of DERs.展开更多
As the world witnesses a continual increase in the global energy demand,the task of meeting this demand is becoming more difficult due to the limitation in fuel resources as well as the greenhouse gases emitted which ...As the world witnesses a continual increase in the global energy demand,the task of meeting this demand is becoming more difficult due to the limitation in fuel resources as well as the greenhouse gases emitted which accelerate the climate change.As a result,introducing a policy that promotes renewable energy(RE)generation and integration is inevitable for sustainable development.In this endeavor,electrification of the transport sector rises as key point in reducing the accelerating environment degradation,by the deployment of new type of vehicles referred to as PHEV(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle).Besides being able to use two kinds of drives(the conventional internal combustion engine and the electric one)to increase the total efficiency,they come with a grid connection and interaction capability known as the vehicle-to-grid(V2G)that can play a supporting role for the whole power system by providing many ancillary services such as energy storage mean and power quality enhancer.Unfortunately,all these advantages do not come alone.The uncontrolled large scale EV integration may present a real challenge and source of possible failure and instability for the grid.In this work the large scale integration impact of EVs will be investigated in details.The results of power flow analysis and the dynamic response of the grid parameters variation are presented,taking the IEEE 14 bus system as a test grid system.展开更多
This study investigates the vibration transmission and suppression of a laminated composite panel with variable angle tow(VAT)designs and an attached inerter-based passive nonlinear energy sink.Based on analytical and...This study investigates the vibration transmission and suppression of a laminated composite panel with variable angle tow(VAT)designs and an attached inerter-based passive nonlinear energy sink.Based on analytical and numerical methodologies,the substructure technique is used to obtain a steady-state dynamic response and the results are verified by experimental and analytical methods.It is demonstrated that fiber orientation has a significant impact on the natural frequencies.The dynamic responses and energy transmission path characteristics are determined and evaluated by forced vibration analysis.The main vibration transmission paths inside the structure are displayed using power flow density vectors.It is demonstrated that the dynamic responses of the plate can be changed considerably by using various fiber placement schemes and passive suppression devices.In addition,it is indicated that the vibration transmission paths are significantly influenced by the tailored fiber angles for improved dynamic performance.Our investigation enhances the understanding of enhanced vibration suppression designs of variable-stiffness composite plates with attached passive devices.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50605020)Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Project of China(No.2006A10501001).
文摘With the structure of two air gaps and two rotors, the electromagnetic continuously variable transmission（EMCVT） is a novel power-split continuously variable transmission（CVT）. There are two kinds of power flowing through the EMCVT, one is mechanical power and the other is electric power. In the mean time, there are three power ports in the EMCVT, one is the outer rotor named mechanical power port and the other two are the inner rotor and the stator named electric power ports. The mechanical power port is connected to the driving wheels through the final gear and the electric ports are connected to the batteries through the transducers. The two kinds of power are coupled on the outer rotor of the EMCVT. The EMCVT can be equipped on the conventional vehicle being regarded as the CVT and it also can be equipped on the hybrid electric vehicle（HEV） as the multi-energy sources assembly. The power flows of these two kinds of applications are analysed. The back electromotive force（EMF） equations are illatively studied and so the dynamic mathematic model is theorized. In order to certify the feasibility of the above theories, three simulations are carried out in allusion to the above two kinds of mentioned applications of the EMCVT and a five speed automatic transmission（AT） vehicle. The simulation results illustrate that the efficiency of the EMCVT vehicles is higher than that of the AT vehicle owed to the optimized operation area of the engine. Hence the fuel consumption of the EMCVT vehicles is knock-down.
文摘Vibrational power flow on combined plates with a change in mass and stiffness or with viscoelastic damping layer used widely in engineering is studied. The expressions of flexural displacement and other physical quantities are obtained using Laplace transformation and transfer matrix approach, then influences of changes in mass and stiffness of discontinuous material and the free damping layer on the input power flow and the transmitted power flow are discussed. The conclusions provide theory basis for structural optimization design and reducing noise and vibration
基金This work was financially supported by a grant from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2012CB215204)the Key Project of the CAS Knowledge Innovation Program“Research and demonstration of the coordinated control system based on multi-complementary energy storage”(No.KGCX2-EW-330).
文摘Cascading failure is a potential threat in power systems with the scale development of wind power,especially for the large-scale grid-connected and long distance transmission wind power base in China.This introduces a complex network theory(CNT)for cascading failure analysis considering wind farm integration.A cascading failure power flow analysis model for complex power networks is established with improved network topology principles and methods.The network load and boundary conditions are determined to reflect the operational states of power systems.Three typical network evaluation indicators are used to evaluate the topology characteristics of power network before and after malfunction including connectivity level,global effective performance and percentage of load loss(PLL).The impacts of node removal,grid current tolerance capability,wind power instantaneous penetrations,and wind farm coupling points on the power grid are analyzed based on the IEEE 30 bus system.Through the simulation analysis,the occurrence mechanism and main influence factors of cascading failure are determined.Finally,corresponding defense strategies are proposed to reduce the hazards of cascading failure in power systems.
基金supported by the State Grid Corporation Technology Project(No.5455HJ180022)。
文摘The sequential method is easy to integrate with existing large-scale alternating current(AC)power flow solvers and is therefore a common approach for solving the power flow of AC/direct current(DC)hybrid systems.In this paper,a highperformance graph computing based distributed parallel implementation of the sequential method with an improved initial estimate approach for hybrid AC/DC systems is developed.The proposed approach is capable of speeding up the entire computation process without compromising the accuracy of result.First,the AC/DC network is intuitively represented by a graph and stored in a graph database(GDB)to expedite data processing.Considering the interconnection of AC grids via high-voltage direct current(HVDC)links,the network is subsequently partitioned into independent areas which are naturally fit for distributed power flow analysis.For each area,the fast-decoupled power flow(FDPF)is employed with node-based parallel computing(NPC)and hierarchical parallel computing(HPC)to quickly identify system states.Furthermore,to reduce the alternate iterations in the sequential method,a new decoupled approach is utilized to achieve a good initial estimate for the Newton-Raphson method.With the improved initial estimate,the sequential method can converge in fewer iterations.Consequently,the proposed approach allows for significant reduction in computing time and is able to meet the requirement of the real-time analysis platform for power system.The performance is verified on standard IEEE 300-bus system,extended large-scale systems,and a practical 11119-bus system in China.
文摘This paper presents engineering experiences from battery energy storage system(BESS)projects that require design and implementation of specialized power conversion systems(a fast-response,automatic power converter and controller).These projects concern areas of generation,transmission,and distribution of electric energy,as well as end-energy user benefits,such as grid frequency regulation,renewable energy smoothing and leveling,energy dispatching and arbitrage,power quality and reliability improvements for connected customers,islanding operations,and smart microgrid applications.In general,a grid level BESS project sends an interconnect request to utility power grids in the project development stage.Simulation models of equipment are then sent for a system impact study(e.g.,power flow and/or stability analysis),based on utility grid code requirements.The system study then determines the connection’s technical feasibility and impact of the project on the power grid.In this paper,a set of new BESS models is presented that are configured and parameterized for use in system impact studies as well as transmission planning studies.The models,which have been recently approved and released by the U.S.Western Electricity Coordinating Council(WECC),represent the steady state and dynamic performance of the BESS in several software platforms for power system studies based on operating project performance experience.Model benchmarking results as well as a real system case study are also included in the paper to show that the parameterized and tuned models respond correctly and as expected when system operating conditions change following contingency events.Finally,this paper provides useful guidelines in the use of new models to represent a BESS for power system analysis.
基金This work was supported in part by Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar in the form of“Additional Fellowship”to Kalpesh Joshi.
文摘Distribution system analysis(DSA)currently faces several challenges due to inclusion of distributed energy resources(DERs),which have many characteristics,such as inherent variability,uncertainty,possibility of flexible four quadrant converter operations with distributed generation(DG),and the need for efficient operations to improve reliability of the supply system.This article argues for a high degree of case-specificity and discusses its implications in distribution networks with increasing DG penetration.The research is based on the exhaustive yearly simulation analyses of 132 candidate scenarios and investigates the effects of feeder-specific factors,such as geo-electric size and feeder spread,load density,and phase unbalancing.Nineteen(19)feeder variants—with phase-domain detailed modeling of all feeder components,including DGs,are subjected to increasing penetration of photovoltaic generation without altering the type and location of DGs.The objective is to analyze the role of feederspecific factors on feeder response characteristics in terms of annualized operational parameters,such as energy losses,feeder voltage profile,average power factor,and peak demand at a substation node,as well as tap-changer operations of voltage regulating equipment and their interaction with shunt compensation.Recorded annual load profiles—industrial,commercial,and residential—as well as location specific weather data are used to simulate the candidate scenarios based on three IEEE test feeders and one actual spot network in India.Results signify the consideration of feeder-specific factors in the planning exercise of grouping“similar”feeders for formulating the strategies that can improve daily operations of distribution feeders.The demonstrated case-specificity also implies that optimization algorithms for improved operations with DGs will need to be based on an integrated approach that accounts for feeder-specific factors as well as cyclic variability of DERs.
文摘As the world witnesses a continual increase in the global energy demand,the task of meeting this demand is becoming more difficult due to the limitation in fuel resources as well as the greenhouse gases emitted which accelerate the climate change.As a result,introducing a policy that promotes renewable energy(RE)generation and integration is inevitable for sustainable development.In this endeavor,electrification of the transport sector rises as key point in reducing the accelerating environment degradation,by the deployment of new type of vehicles referred to as PHEV(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle).Besides being able to use two kinds of drives(the conventional internal combustion engine and the electric one)to increase the total efficiency,they come with a grid connection and interaction capability known as the vehicle-to-grid(V2G)that can play a supporting role for the whole power system by providing many ancillary services such as energy storage mean and power quality enhancer.Unfortunately,all these advantages do not come alone.The uncontrolled large scale EV integration may present a real challenge and source of possible failure and instability for the grid.In this work the large scale integration impact of EVs will be investigated in details.The results of power flow analysis and the dynamic response of the grid parameters variation are presented,taking the IEEE 14 bus system as a test grid system.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172185,U1809218,and U1864211)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LY22A020006,LD22E050011,and LQ23A020003)+1 种基金the Ningbo Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2022J174)the Ningbo Key Projects of Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Plan(No.2021Z124).
文摘This study investigates the vibration transmission and suppression of a laminated composite panel with variable angle tow(VAT)designs and an attached inerter-based passive nonlinear energy sink.Based on analytical and numerical methodologies,the substructure technique is used to obtain a steady-state dynamic response and the results are verified by experimental and analytical methods.It is demonstrated that fiber orientation has a significant impact on the natural frequencies.The dynamic responses and energy transmission path characteristics are determined and evaluated by forced vibration analysis.The main vibration transmission paths inside the structure are displayed using power flow density vectors.It is demonstrated that the dynamic responses of the plate can be changed considerably by using various fiber placement schemes and passive suppression devices.In addition,it is indicated that the vibration transmission paths are significantly influenced by the tailored fiber angles for improved dynamic performance.Our investigation enhances the understanding of enhanced vibration suppression designs of variable-stiffness composite plates with attached passive devices.
