Objective:Discussion on the protectiion of electroacupuncture"Shenmen"on heart and brain injury induced by acute myocardial ischemia in rats from the perspective of the expression of cyclic adenosine monopho...Objective:Discussion on the protectiion of electroacupuncture"Shenmen"on heart and brain injury induced by acute myocardial ischemia in rats from the perspective of the expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).Methods:Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,and electroacupuncture group.The electrocardiogram was recorded by the Powerlab 8-lead physiological recording system.The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to replicate the rat myocardial ischemia model.The acupuncture group was treated with electroacupuncture on the second day after the model was replicated.After the last electroacupuncture treatment,rat myocardium,hippocampus tissue and abdominal aortic blood were collected,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of cAMP and cGMP in myocardium,hippocampus tissue and serum content.Results:Compared with the normal group,the cAMP content in the myocardial tissue of the model group was significantly increased,and the cAMP content in the hippocampus tissue and serum was significantly reduced;compared with the model group,the cAMP content in the myocardial tissue of the electroacupuncture group was decreased,and the hippocampus tissue Compared with the normal group,the content of cGMP in the myocardial tissue and serum of the model group increased,and the content of cGMP in the hippocampus decreased.Compared with the model group,the content of cGMP in the hippocampus of the electroacupuncture group was increased.The cGMP content increased,the serum cGMP content was significantly reduced,and the difference in the cGMP content in myocardial tissue was not statistically significant.Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at"Shenmen"acupoint can significantly improve the expression of cAMP,cGMP and myocardial cAMP in the serum and hippocampus of model rats with acute myocardial ischemia-induced heart and brain injury,but has a lower effect on myocardial cGMP content.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of Electroacupuncture of Acupoints of the Neiguan(PC6)and Ximen(PC4)on its myocardial energy metabolism with acute myocardial ischemia rats caused by coronary artery ligation.Methods:Fo...Objective:To observe the effect of Electroacupuncture of Acupoints of the Neiguan(PC6)and Ximen(PC4)on its myocardial energy metabolism with acute myocardial ischemia rats caused by coronary artery ligation.Methods:Forty standard Spargue-Dawely(SD)rats were divided into four groups randomly,namely,group of Neiguan,group of Ximen,model group,sham group.The group of rats of myocardial ischemia were induced by coronary ligation,and the model rat of acute myocardial ischemia was prepared.The sham group had no ligation of the needle.After anesthesia was awakened,acupuncture was applied bilateral at Neiguan and Ximen of the group of Neiguan and Ximen,once a day at a fixed time for 14 days.The rats of model group and the sham group were not given acupunctured,but use the samely methods of Neiguan and Ximen groups to grap the rats at the same time everyday.After 14 days the experiment was over,observed the pathological changes of myocardial tissue by HE staining,detected the levels of free fatty acid(FFA),adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content,and the activities of Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase according to the reagents´demand.Results:Pathological results showed that acupuncuted at Neiguan and Ximen could improve the ischemic cardiomyocyte injury.Compared with the sham group,the levels of FFA in model group were increased(p<0.01),the levels of ATP,the activities of Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase were all decreased(p<0.01);Compared with the model group,the levels of FFA were decreased(p<0.05,p<0.01),the levels of ATP,the activities of Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase were improved.Conclusion:Acupuncturing at the Pericardium Meridian can alleviate the cell injury by myocardial ischemia,and also can improve the myocardial energetic metabolism in acute myocardial ischemia.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) pefusion on transmural heterogeneity of Cx43 expression in the rabbit model with acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion(MIR),and investigate the role of rennin...Objective:To observe the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) pefusion on transmural heterogeneity of Cx43 expression in the rabbit model with acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion(MIR),and investigate the role of rennin-angiotensin system in malignant ventricular arrhythmia induced by MIR.Methods:Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into MIR group(n=10) and Ang Ⅱ group(n=10).MIR model was produced with traditional ligation and opening of the anterior descending coronary artery in all animal.The hearts in vitro in the MIR group and the Ang Ⅱ group were perfused with simply improved Tyrode's solution and containing Ang Ⅱ Tyrode's solution respectively.90%monophasic action potential repolarization duration,transmural dispersion of repolarization.Cx43 protein(Cx43-pro) and mRNA(Cx43-Cq) expression in subepicardial,midmyocardial and subendocardial myocardium were measured in both groups.The greatest differences of Cx43-pro and Cx43-Cq among three myocardial layers were calculated and shown with △Cx43-pro and △Cx43-Cq respectively.Results:After Ang Ⅱ perfusion,90%monophasic action potential repolarization duration among three myocardial layer were significantly prolonged(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01),and transmural dispersion of repolarization also significantly increased compared with the MIR group(P < 0.05).Compare with the MIR group,three myocardial Cx43-pro and Cx43-Cq expression in the Ang Ⅱ group were significantly decreased(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).but△Cx43-pro and △Cx43-Cq were significant increased.Conclusions:Renin-angiotensin system increases transmural heterogeneity of Cx43 expression in the rabbit model with MIR by Ang Ⅱ,and enlarge transmural dispersion of repolarization among three myocardial layers of left ventricular which induces malignant ventricular arrhythmia.展开更多
Summary: The effect of the autonomic nerves on the transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization (TDR) under acute myocardial ischemia in intact canine was investigated. Using the monophasic action potential (MA...Summary: The effect of the autonomic nerves on the transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization (TDR) under acute myocardial ischemia in intact canine was investigated. Using the monophasic action potential (MAP) recording technique, MAPs of the epicardium (Epi), midmyocardium (Mid) and endocardium (Endo) were recorded simultaneously by specially designed plunge-needle electrodes at the left ventricular free wall under acute myocardial ischemia in 12 open-chest dogs. MAPD 90 and TDR among three myocardial layers as well as the incidence of the early afterdepolarization (EAD) before autonomic nervous stimulation and during autonomic nervous stimulation were compared. It was found that 10 min after acute myocardial ischemia, TDR was increased from 55±8 ms to 86±15 ms during sympathetic stimulation (P<0.01). The TDR (53±9 ms) during parasympathetic stimulation was not significantly different from that of the control (55±8 ms) (P>0.05). The EAD was elicited in the Mid of 2 dogs (16 %) 10 min after acute myocardial ischemia, but the EAD were elicited in the Mid of 7 dogs (58 %) during sympathetic stimulation (P<0.01). It was concluded that: (1) Sympathetic stimulation can increase the transmural dispersion of repolari-zation and induce early afterdepolarizations in the Mid under acute myocardial ischemia, which provide the opportunity for the ventricular arrhythmia developing; (2) Parasympathetic stimulation has no significant effect on the transmural dispersion of repolarization under myocardial ischemia.展开更多
Erigeron multiradiatus(Lindl.)Benth.,has been used in Tibet folk medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases.The aim of this study was to investigate anti-myocardial ischemia and reperfusion(I/R)injury effect of c...Erigeron multiradiatus(Lindl.)Benth.,has been used in Tibet folk medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases.The aim of this study was to investigate anti-myocardial ischemia and reperfusion(I/R)injury effect of caffeoylquinic acids derivatives of E.multiradiatus(AE)in vivo and to explain underling mechanism.AE was prepared using the whole plant of E.multiradiatus and contents of 6 caffeoylquinic acid determined through HPLC analysis.Myocardial I/R were induced by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 30 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion in rats.AE administration(10,20 and 40 mg·kg-1)inhibited I/R-induced injury as indicated by decreasing myocardial infarct size,reducing of CK and LDH activities and preventing ST-segment depression in dose-dependent manner.AE decreased cardiac tissue levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-αand IL-6 and attenuated leukocytes infiltration.AE was further demonstrated to significantly inhibit I-κB degradation,nuclear translocation of p-65 and phosphorylation of JNK.Our results suggested that cardioprotective effect of AE could be due to suppressing myocardial inflammatory response and blocking NF-κB and JNK activation pathway.Thus,caffeoylquinic acids might be the active compounds in E.multiradiatus on myocardial ischemia and be a potential natural drug for treating myocardial I/R injury.展开更多
AIM: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Neiguan" (PC6) and "Gongsun" (SP4) on pathological changes of the heart and stomach in rats with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI), and to ex...AIM: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Neiguan" (PC6) and "Gongsun" (SP4) on pathological changes of the heart and stomach in rats with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI), and to explore its underlying mechanism. METHODS: Fifty Wistar rats were randomized into control, model, PC6, SP4 and PC6 + SP4 groups (n = 8 each group). An AMI model was established by occlusion of the descending anterior branch (DAB) of the left coronary artery. ECG-ST of cervico-thoracic lead and electrogastrogram (EGG) were recorded. EA was applied to PC6, SP4 and PC6 + SP4 groups, respectively. At the end of experiments, the rats were transcardically perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde, and the heart base myocardium, gastric antrum and duodenum tissues were sampled, sectioned and stained with a reduced form of nicotinamide- adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase histochemical method for displaying nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. RESULTS: After AMI, ECG-ST values elevated. After EA, the elevated ECG-ST values at 20 min in PC6group, at 30 min in PC6 + SP4 and SP4 groups had no significant differences in comparison with their respective basal values before AMI. Following AMI, the amplitude and frequency of slow waves of EGG decreased remarkably (P < 0.05). At 30 min after EA, the mean amplitude and frequency of slow waves of EGG in the three EA groups had no marked differences compared with their individual basal levels and those in the control group. After AMI, the mean integral grey values of NOS-positive product in myocardium, gastric antrum and duodenum tissues in the model group increased remarkably in comparison with the control group, while those in three EA groups were lower than those in the model group. No significant differences were found in ECG-ST and EGG improvement among the three EA groups. However, EA of PC6 had a better effect on ECG-ST and EA of PC4 had a better effect on EGG, respectively. CONCLUSION: EA of PC6, SP4 and PC6 + SP4 can significantly promote the recovery of cardiac and gastric electrical activities after AMI, and up-regulate NOS expression in myocardium, gastric antrum and duodenum tissues.展开更多
28 health rabbits were divided into electroacupuncture group, and non-elec- troacupuncture. Effect of electrical needling "Neiguan" point on the action potintial and cAMP and cGMP of the ventricular cells of...28 health rabbits were divided into electroacupuncture group, and non-elec- troacupuncture. Effect of electrical needling "Neiguan" point on the action potintial and cAMP and cGMP of the ventricular cells of acute myocardial ischemia were observed.The main results are as follows: The RP, APA and maximun velecity of depolarization(Vmax) decrease, the APD prolongs in the electroacupuncture and non-electroacupuncture group, but the changes of non-electroacupuncture group are more evident than the electroacupuncture group.The attack rates of EAD and DAD in the nonelectroacupuncture group are higher than in elec troacupuncture group. cAMP in the acute myocardial ischemia cells increases, but the changes of which in nonelectroacupuncture group are more marked than the electroacupunct u re.The above mentioned results show that there is a protection effect of electrical needling "Neiguan"point on the action potential of the ventricular cell of acute myocardial ischemia rabbits. The effect might result from decreasing cAMP in the ischemia cells by electrical needling "Neiguan" point.展开更多
This paper reports the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (P 6) on myocardial microcirculation and electrical activity observed in rabbits with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) by employing the vascular cast...This paper reports the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (P 6) on myocardial microcirculation and electrical activity observed in rabbits with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) by employing the vascular casting method and taking monophasic action potential (MAP) as an index. It was found that in the ischemic border zone of the heart, the electrical excitability was strengthened, the shortening of the phase repolarization inhibited, and the number of the micrangia increased in some degree following EA. This suggests that EA can relieve arteriolospasm, inhibit extreme dilatation of blood capillaries, modulate imbalance of micro-vasomotion of the coronary artery, improve myocardial blood-supply, and promote normalization of electrical activities of the ischemia myocardium. This fact not only elucidates the recovery mechanism of the ischemic myocardium promoted by EA at Neiguan (P 6), but also provides morphological basis for the theory of relationship between Neiguan of the Pericardium Meridian and the heart.展开更多
Introduction:Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury has received widespread attention due to its damaging effects.Electroacupuncture(EA)pretreatment has preventive effects on myocardial IR injury.SLC26A4 is a Na+in...Introduction:Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury has received widespread attention due to its damaging effects.Electroacupuncture(EA)pretreatment has preventive effects on myocardial IR injury.SLC26A4 is a Na+independent anion reverse transporter and has not been reported in myocardial IR injury.Objectives:Tofind potential genes that may be regulated by EA and explore the role of this gene in myocardial IR injury.Methods:RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to obtain the differentially expressed genes in the myocardial tissue of IR rats with EA pretreatment.Myocardial infarction size was detected by TTC staining.Serum CK,creatinine kinase-myocardial band,Cardiac troponin I,and lactate dehydrogenase levels were determined by ELISA.The effect of SLC26A4 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis was explored by TUNEL staining and western blotting.The effects of SLC26A4 on inflammation were determined by HE staining,ELISA,and real-time PCR.The effect of SLC26A4 on the NF-κB pathway was determined by western blotting.Results:SLC26A4 was up-regulated in IR rats but downregulated in IR rats with EA pretreatment.Compared with IR rats,those with SLC26A4 knockdown exhibited improved cardiac function according to decreased myocardial infarction size,reduced serum LDH/CK/CK-MB/cTnI levels,and elevated left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening.SLC26A4 silencing inhibited myocardial inflammation,cell apoptosis,phosphorylation,and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65.Conclusion:SLC26A4 exhibited promoting effects on myocardial IR injury,while the SLC26A4 knockdown had an inhibitory effect on the NF-κB pathway.These results further unveil the role of SLC26A4 in IR injury.展开更多
Medical history summary: Male, 47 years old, was admitted to the hospital due to “dizziness accompanied by chest tightness and pain for more than 8 days”. One week ago, the patient experienced chest tightness, chest...Medical history summary: Male, 47 years old, was admitted to the hospital due to “dizziness accompanied by chest tightness and pain for more than 8 days”. One week ago, the patient experienced chest tightness, chest pain accompanied by profuse sweating for 3 hours and underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a local hospital. The procedure revealed left main stem occlusion with subsequent left main stem to left anterior descending artery percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After the procedure, the patient experienced hemodynamic instability, recurrent ventricular fibrillation, and critical condition, thus transferred to our hospital for further treatment. Symptoms and signs: The patient is in a comatose state, unresponsive to stimuli, with bilateral dilated pupils measuring 2.0 mm, exhibiting reduced sensitivity to light reflex, and recurrent fever. Coarse breath sounds can be heard in both lungs, with audible moist rales. Irregular breathing pattern is observed, and heart sounds vary in intensity. No pathological murmurs are auscultated in any valve auscultation area. Diagnostic methods: Coronary angiography results at the local hospital showed complete occlusion of the left main stem, and left main stem to left anterior descending artery percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed. However, the distal guidewire did not pass through. After admission, blood tests showed a Troponin T level of 1.44 ng/ml and a Myoglobin level of 312 ng/ml. The platelet count was 1390 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L. Von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity was measured at 201.9%. Bone marrow aspiration biopsy showed active bone marrow proliferation and platelet clustering. The peripheral blood smear also showed platelet clustering. JAK-2 gene testing was positive, confirming the diagnosis of primary thrombocytosis. Treatment methods: The patient is assisted with mechanical ventilation and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation to improve coronary blood flow. Electrolyte levels are closely monitored, especially maintaining plasma potassium levels between 4.0 and 4.5 mmol/l. Hydroxyurea 500 mg is administered for platelet reduction. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents are used rationally to prevent further infarction or bleeding. Antiarrhythmic, lipid-lowering, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and heart failure treatment are also provided. Clinical outcome: The family members chose to withdraw treatment and signed for discharge due to a combination of reasons, including economic constraints and uncertainty about the prognosis due to the long disease course. Acute myocardial infarction has gradually become one of the leading causes of death in our country. As a “green channel” disease, corresponding diagnostic and treatment protocols have been established in China, and significant progress has been made in emergency care. There are strict regulations for the time taken from the catheterization lab to the cardiac intensive care unit, and standardized treatments are provided to patients once they enter the intensive care unit. Research results show that the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in patients with primary thrombocythemia within 10 years is 9.4%. This type of disease is rare and difficult to cure, posing significant challenges to medical and nursing professionals. In order to benefit future patients, we have documented individual cases of treatment and nursing care for these patients. The research results show that these patients exhibit resistance to traditional oral anticoagulant drugs and require alternative anticoagulants. Additionally, there are significant differences in serum and plasma potassium levels among patients. Therefore, when making clinical diagnoses, it is necessary to carefully distinguish between the two. Particularly, nursing personnel should possess dialectical thinking when supplementing potassium levels in patients in order to reduce the incidence of malignant arrhythmias and mortality rates.展开更多
Myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN)are a group of diseases characterized by the clonal proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor or stem cells.They are clinically classifiable into four main diseases:chronic myeloid leu...Myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN)are a group of diseases characterized by the clonal proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor or stem cells.They are clinically classifiable into four main diseases:chronic myeloid leukemia,essential thrombocythemia,polycythemia vera,and primary myelofibrosis.These pathologies are closely related to cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases due to the increased risk of arterial thrombosis,the most common underlying cause of acute myocardial infarction.Recent evidence shows that the classical Virchow triad(hypercoagulability,blood stasis,endothelial injury)might offer an explanation for such association.Indeed,patients with MPN might have a higher number and more reactive circulating platelets and leukocytes,a tendency toward blood stasis because of a high number of circulating red blood cells,endothelial injury or overactivation as a consequence of sustained inflammation caused by the neoplastic clonal cell.These abnormal cancer cells,especially when associated with the JAK2V617F mutation,tend to proliferate and secrete several inflammatory cytokines.This sustains a pro-inflammatory state throughout the body.The direct consequence is the induction of a pro-thrombotic state that acts as a determinant in favoring both venous and arterial thrombus formation.Clinically,MPN patients need to be carefully evaluated to be treated not only with cytoreductive treatments but also with cardiovascular protective strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is a severe cardiovascular disease caused by the blockage of coronary arteries that leads to ischemic necrosis of the myocardium.Timely medical contact is critical for succes...BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is a severe cardiovascular disease caused by the blockage of coronary arteries that leads to ischemic necrosis of the myocardium.Timely medical contact is critical for successful AMI treatment,and delays increase the risk of death for patients.Pre-hospital delay time(PDT)is a significant challenge for reducing treatment times,as identifying high-risk patients with AMI remains difficult.This study aims to construct a risk prediction model to identify high-risk patients and develop targeted strategies for effective and prompt care,ultimately reducing PDT and improving treatment outcomes.AIM To construct a nomogram model for forecasting pre-hospital delay(PHD)likelihood in patients with AMI and to assess the precision of the nomogram model in predicting PHD risk.METHODS A retrospective cohort design was employed to investigate predictive factors for PHD in patients with AMI diagnosed between January 2022 and September 2022.The study included 252 patients,with 180 randomly assigned to the development group and the remaining 72 to the validation group in a 7:3 ratio.Independent risk factors influencing PHD were identified in the development group,leading to the establishment of a nomogram model for predicting PHD in patients with AMI.The model's predictive performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve in both the development and validation groups.RESULTS Independent risk factors for PHD in patients with AMI included living alone,hyperlipidemia,age,diabetes mellitus,and digestive system diseases(P<0.05).A characteristic curve analysis indicated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.787(95%confidence interval:0.716–0.858)and 0.770(95%confidence interval:0.660-0.879)in the development and validation groups,respectively,demonstrating the model's good discriminatory ability.The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test revealed no statistically significant disparity between the anticipated and observed incidence of PHD in both development and validation cohorts(P>0.05),indicating satisfactory model calibration.CONCLUSION The nomogram model,developed with independent risk factors,accurately forecasts PHD likelihood in AMI individuals,enabling efficient identification of PHD risk in these patients.展开更多
Objective:Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI)is one of the leading causes of death from cardiovascular disease in humans,especially in individuals exposed to cold environments.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)reg...Objective:Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI)is one of the leading causes of death from cardiovascular disease in humans,especially in individuals exposed to cold environments.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)regulate MIRI through multiple mechanisms.This study explored the regulatory effect of lncRNA-AK138945 on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and its mechanism.Methods:In vivo,8-to 12-weeks-old C57BL/6 male mice underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 50 minutes followed by reperfusion for 48 hours.In vitro,the primary cultured neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes(NMVCs)were treated with 100μmol/L hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).The knockdown of lncRNA-AK138945 was evaluated to detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis,and a glucose-regulated,endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein 94(GRP94)inhibitor was used to detect myocardial injury.Results:We found that the expression level of lncRNA-AK138945 was reduced in MIRI mouse heart tissue and H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes.Moreover,the proportion of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes increased after lncRNA-AK138945 was silenced.The expression level of Bcl2 protein was decreased,and the expression level of Bad,Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 protein was increased.Our further study found that miR-1a-3p is a direct target of lncRNA-AK138945,after lncRNA-AK138945 was silenced in cardiomyocytes,the expression level of miR-1a-3p was increased while the expression level of its downstream protein GRP94 was decreased.Interestingly,treatment with a GRP94 inhibitor(PU-WS13)intensified H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.After overexpression of FOXO3,the expression levels of lncRNA-AK138945 and GRP94 were increased,while the expression levels of miR-1a-3p were decreased.Conclusion:LncRNA-AK138945 inhibits GRP94 expression by regulating miR-1a-3p,leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis.The transcription factor Forkhead Box Protein O3(FOXO3)participates in cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress through up-regulation of lncRNA-AK138945.展开更多
Objective:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of tetrahydropalmatine(THP)on acute myocardial ischemia(AMI).Methods:First,the target genes of THP and AMI were collected from SymMap Database,Traditional Chinese...Objective:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of tetrahydropalmatine(THP)on acute myocardial ischemia(AMI).Methods:First,the target genes of THP and AMI were collected from SymMap Database,Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform,and Swiss Target Prediction,respectively.Then,the overlapping target genes between THP and AMI were evaluated for Grene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis.The binding affinity between the protein and THP was assessed by molecular docking.Finally,the protective effects of THP on AMI model and oxygen and glucose deprivation(OGD)model of H9C2 cardiomyocyte were explored and the expression levels of target genes were detected by RT-qP CR in vivo and in vitro.Results:MMP9,PPARG,PTGS2,SLC6A4,ESR1,JAK2,GSK3B,NOS2 and AR were recognized as hub genes.The KEGG enrichment analysis results revealed that the potential target genes of THP were involved in the regulation of PPAR and hormone pathways.THP improved the cardiac function,as well as alleviated myocardial cell damage.Furthermore,THP significantly decreased the RNA expression levels of MMP9,PTGS2,SLC6A4,GSK3B and ESR1(P<0.05,P<0.01)after AMI.In vitro,THP significantly increased H9C2 cardiomyocyte viability(P<0.05,P<0.01)and inhibited the RNA expression levels of PPARG,ESR1 and AR(P<0.05,P<0.01)in OGD model.Conclusions:THP could improve cardiac function and alleviate myocardial injury in AMI.The underlying mechanism may be inhibition of inflammation,the improvement of energy metabolism and the regulation of hormones.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the cardio-protective effects of Corocalm (疏冠胶囊)on acute myocardial ischemia in rats, and to explore its possible therapeutic mechanisms. Methods: The acute ischemic model was prepared by...Objective: To investigate the cardio-protective effects of Corocalm (疏冠胶囊)on acute myocardial ischemia in rats, and to explore its possible therapeutic mechanisms. Methods: The acute ischemic model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in rats. The animals were divided into 6 groups, 8 in each group. The sham operated group underwent heart exposure without ligation and were treated with normal saline 3 ml/kg, while the other 5 groups, the model groups, consisted of acceptable acute ischemic model rats and were also treated with normal saline, with the Guanxin Capsule (冠心胶囊,GXC) group treated with refined GXC, 600 mg/kg, the low and high dose Corocalm groups treated with 85 mg/kg and 340 mg/kg of Corocalm respectively, and the Diltiazem group, treated with Diltiazem 5 mg/kg, with all the tested drugs prepared with normal saline into equal volume (3 ml/kg) and administrated once via duodenum 10 min before ligation. Myocardial infarction area was determined by the quantitative histoiogical assay with nitroblue tetrazolium (N-BT) stain. And the levels of creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were measured by biochemical assay and spectrophotometry respectively. Besides, the blood viscosity in another 50 rats was determined, who received for 7 successive days oral administration with different concentration of Corocalm or aspirin. Results: It showed that low and high dose Corocalm could significantly reduce the infarction area, inhibit the increase of serum CK, LDH activity and MDA content, and enhance the SOD activity after ischemia/reperfusion. The whole blood viscosity at different shear rates in rats treated with high dose Corocalm was significantly lower than those treated with normal saline (P<0.05).Conclusion: Corocalm has favourable protective effects on heart in ischemic condition, the effect of which might be through its actions in inhibiting CK and LDH activity, scavenging oxygen free radicals, and lowering blood viscosity.展开更多
Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction has a long history of medical use for treating cardiovascular diseases in China.In this study,we investigated the protective effect and underlying mechanisms GXB in typeⅡdiabetes with a...Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction has a long history of medical use for treating cardiovascular diseases in China.In this study,we investigated the protective effect and underlying mechanisms GXB in typeⅡdiabetes with acute myocardial ischemia(T2DM-AMI)rats.We hypothesized that GXB may display its protective effect on T2DM-AMI by reducing endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)apoptosis via activating PI3K(phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase)/Akt(serine/threonine protein kinase B)/e NOS(endothelial nitric oxide synthase)signaling.Rats were challenged with a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to induce a model of typeⅡdiabetes mellitus(T2DM)and coronary ligation to induce acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Changes in metabolites were assessed via enzyme-linked immunoassay and biochemical examination.The number and apoptosis rate of EPCs in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry.Target m RNAs and proteins in EPCs were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.The results demonstrated that GXB treatment decreased T2DM-AMI-associated changes in plasma fasting blood glucose,muscular enzymes,and blood lipids,and reduced oxidative stress.Furthermore,EPC apoptosis was increased in T2DM-AMI rats and was associated with decreased m RNA and protein levels of PI3K,Akt,and eNOS compared to the controls.Conversely,T2DM-AMI rats treated with GXB exhibited more circulating EPCs and downregulated levels of cell apoptosis,combined with increased m RNA and protein levels of PI3 K,Akt,and eNOS compared to those of untreated T2DM-AMI rats.Our study showed that GXB treatment mitigated EPC apoptosis and promoted PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling in T2DM-AMI rats.展开更多
Objective: To observe the influence of acupuncture on microcirculation perfusion of the pericardium meridian and heart in acute myocardial ischemia(AMI) rats and evaluate whether acupuncture can simultaneously affect ...Objective: To observe the influence of acupuncture on microcirculation perfusion of the pericardium meridian and heart in acute myocardial ischemia(AMI) rats and evaluate whether acupuncture can simultaneously affect the meridians and corresponding viscera. Additionally, acupoints at different meridians were compared and whether they exert the same effects was discussed. Methods: Totally 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left anterior descending(LAD) ligation to develop an AMI model.Rats were divided into 4 groups, including AMI, acupuncture Neiguan(PC 6), Lieque(LU 7) and Qiansanli(LI 10) groups(n=8). Eight rats received only thoracotomy(sham-operated group). The rats in the acupuncture groups received manual acupuncture at PC 6, LU 7 and LI 10 acupoints for 15 min, respectively. The microcirculation perfusion of pericardium meridian and heart was monitored by laser speckle perfusion imager(LSPI) before, during and after acupuncture manipulation for 15 min. Subsequently, the perfusion unit(PU)was calculated and analyzed by PSI System. Results: After LAD, compared to pre-acupuncture stage, the heart microcirculation perfusion(HMP) in the AMI group decreased continuously at during-acupuncture(P>0.05) and post-acupuncture stages(P<0.05), and the pericardium meridian microcirculation perfusion(PMP) showed no significant differences at 3 stages(P>0.05). Compared to pre-acupuncture stage, the PMP and HMP in PC 6 group significantly increased during acupuncture manipulation(both P<0.05), and PMP decreased obviously after acupuncture(P<0.05). The PMP in the LU 7 and LI 10 groups were slightly elevated(both P>0.05);however, they were significantly reduced after acupuncture manipulation(both P<0.05). Additionally, HMP of LI 10 group was decreased significantly during acupuncture, especially compared to pre-acupuncture stage(P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture at PC 6 obviously increased the PMP and HMP in AMI rats, and the effects were superior to at LU 7 and LI 10 acupoints. It was further confirmed that acupuncture promoted qi and blood circulation, indicating that acupoint specificity exists and features a meridian-propagated effect.展开更多
Sudden cardiac death(SCD)is the leading cause of death worldwide.Myocardial ischemia(MI)is the most common underlying causal disorder for SCD.Metabolic risks leading to SCD during acute MI are still not fully understo...Sudden cardiac death(SCD)is the leading cause of death worldwide.Myocardial ischemia(MI)is the most common underlying causal disorder for SCD.Metabolic risks leading to SCD during acute MI are still not fully understood.Here,using tissue metabolomics,we aimed to investigate myocardial metabolic alterations relevant to SCD events in an acute MI rat model induced by coronary artery ligation(CAL).Thirty-four rats were successfully performed CAL,of which 13 developed lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmia(LVTA)-SCD and 7 developed severe atrioventricular block(AB)-SCD.Fourteen rats that survived within 70 min after the ligation were served as peer controls.The partial least squares-discriminant analysis plots demonstrated clear separations between the SCD rats and controls,indicating obvious differences in myocardial metabolome between these rats.The levels of isoleucine,lactate,glutamate choline,phosphorylcholine,taurine and asparagine in ischemic myocardia were positively associated with LVTA-SCD events;in contrast,the levels of alanine,urea,phenylalanine,linoleic acid,elaidic acid and stearic acid were inversely correlated with LVTA-SCD events.The levels of glutamate and urea were positively and negatively relevant to AB-SCD events,respectively.The dangerous metabolites indicated that lower levels of energy substrates,severe hypoxia,the inhibition of transamination and hyper sympathetic excitement and reactive oxygen species in myocardia were vulnerable to SCD during acute MI.The results suggest fatal metabolic alterations correlated with SCD events during acute MI,which could offer novel clues for the prevention or treatment of acute MI-related SCD.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the long-term prognosis of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)treated with different reperfusion strategies in Chinese county-level hospitals Methods A total of 2,514 ...Objective To evaluate the long-term prognosis of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)treated with different reperfusion strategies in Chinese county-level hospitals Methods A total of 2,514 patients with STEMI from 32 hospitals participated in the China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry between January 2013 and September 2014.The success of fibrinolysis was assessed according to indirect measures of vascular recanalization.The primary outcome was 2-year mortality.Results Reperfusion therapy was used in 1,080 patients(42.9%):fibrinolysis(n=664,61.5%)and primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)(n=416,38.5%).The most common reason for missing reperfusion therapy was a prehospital delay>12 h(43%).Fibrinolysis[14.5%,hazard ratio(HR):0.59,95%confidence interval(CI)0.44–0.80]and primary PCI(6.8%,HR=0.32,95%CI:0.22–0.48)were associated with lower 2-year mortality than those with no reperfusion(28.5%).Among fibrinolysistreated patients,510(76.8%)achieved successful clinical reperfusion;only 17.0%of those with failed fibrinolysis underwent rescue PCI.There was no difference in 2-year mortality between successful fibrinolysis and primary PCI(8.8%vs.6.8%,HR=1.53,95%CI:0.85–2.73).Failed fibrinolysis predicted a similar mortality(33.1%)to no reperfusion(33.1%vs.28.5%,HR=1.30,95%CI:0.93–1.81).Conclusion In Chinese county-level hospitals,only approximately 2/5 of patients with STEMI underwent reperfusion therapy,largely due to prehospital delay.Approximately 30%of patients with failed fibrinolysis and no reperfusion therapy did not survive at 2 years.Quality improvement initiatives are warranted,especially in public health education and fast referral for mechanical revascularization in cases of failed fibrinolysis.展开更多
The canonical transient receptor potential channel(TRPC)proteins form Ca^(2+)-permeable cation channels that are involved in various heart diseases.However,the roles of specific TRPC proteins in myocardial ischemia/re...The canonical transient receptor potential channel(TRPC)proteins form Ca^(2+)-permeable cation channels that are involved in various heart diseases.However,the roles of specific TRPC proteins in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury remain poorly understood.We observed that TRPC1 and TRPC6 were highly expressed in the area at risk(AAR)in a coronary artery ligation induced I/R model.Trpc1/mice exhibited improved cardiac function,lower serum Troponin T and serum creatine kinase level,smaller infarct volume,less fibrotic scars,and fewer apoptotic cells after myocardial-I/R than wild-type or Trpc6/mice.Cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown of Trpc1 using adeno-associated virus 9 mitigated myocardial I/R injury.Furthermore,Trpc1 deficiency protected adult mouse ventricular myocytes(AMVMs)and HL-1 cells from death during hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)injury.RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation in Trpc1/cardiomyocytes.Among these genes,oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like(Ogdhl)was markedly downregulated.Moreover,Trpc1 deficiency impaired the calcineurin(CaN)/nuclear factorkappa B(NF-kB)signaling pathway in AMVMs.Suppression of this pathway inhibited Ogdhl upregulation and ROS generation in HL-1 cells under H/R conditions.Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed NF-kB binding to the Ogdhl promoter.The cardioprotective effect of Trpc1 deficiency was canceled out by overexpression of NF-kB and Ogdhl in cardiomyocytes.In conclusion,our findings reveal that TRPC1 is upregulated in the AAR following myocardial I/R,leading to increased Ca^(2+) influx into associated cardiomyocytes.Subsequently,this upregulates Ogdhl expression through the CaN/NF-kB signaling pathway,ultimately exacerbating ROS production and aggravating myocardial I/R injury.展开更多
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81574083)Key Project of Natural Science Research in Universities of Anhui Province(No.KJ2017A300)。
文摘Objective:Discussion on the protectiion of electroacupuncture"Shenmen"on heart and brain injury induced by acute myocardial ischemia in rats from the perspective of the expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).Methods:Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,and electroacupuncture group.The electrocardiogram was recorded by the Powerlab 8-lead physiological recording system.The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to replicate the rat myocardial ischemia model.The acupuncture group was treated with electroacupuncture on the second day after the model was replicated.After the last electroacupuncture treatment,rat myocardium,hippocampus tissue and abdominal aortic blood were collected,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of cAMP and cGMP in myocardium,hippocampus tissue and serum content.Results:Compared with the normal group,the cAMP content in the myocardial tissue of the model group was significantly increased,and the cAMP content in the hippocampus tissue and serum was significantly reduced;compared with the model group,the cAMP content in the myocardial tissue of the electroacupuncture group was decreased,and the hippocampus tissue Compared with the normal group,the content of cGMP in the myocardial tissue and serum of the model group increased,and the content of cGMP in the hippocampus decreased.Compared with the model group,the content of cGMP in the hippocampus of the electroacupuncture group was increased.The cGMP content increased,the serum cGMP content was significantly reduced,and the difference in the cGMP content in myocardial tissue was not statistically significant.Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at"Shenmen"acupoint can significantly improve the expression of cAMP,cGMP and myocardial cAMP in the serum and hippocampus of model rats with acute myocardial ischemia-induced heart and brain injury,but has a lower effect on myocardial cGMP content.
基金Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine General Project of School-level Natural Science Research in 2019(No.2019zryb14)。
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of Electroacupuncture of Acupoints of the Neiguan(PC6)and Ximen(PC4)on its myocardial energy metabolism with acute myocardial ischemia rats caused by coronary artery ligation.Methods:Forty standard Spargue-Dawely(SD)rats were divided into four groups randomly,namely,group of Neiguan,group of Ximen,model group,sham group.The group of rats of myocardial ischemia were induced by coronary ligation,and the model rat of acute myocardial ischemia was prepared.The sham group had no ligation of the needle.After anesthesia was awakened,acupuncture was applied bilateral at Neiguan and Ximen of the group of Neiguan and Ximen,once a day at a fixed time for 14 days.The rats of model group and the sham group were not given acupunctured,but use the samely methods of Neiguan and Ximen groups to grap the rats at the same time everyday.After 14 days the experiment was over,observed the pathological changes of myocardial tissue by HE staining,detected the levels of free fatty acid(FFA),adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content,and the activities of Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase according to the reagents´demand.Results:Pathological results showed that acupuncuted at Neiguan and Ximen could improve the ischemic cardiomyocyte injury.Compared with the sham group,the levels of FFA in model group were increased(p<0.01),the levels of ATP,the activities of Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase were all decreased(p<0.01);Compared with the model group,the levels of FFA were decreased(p<0.05,p<0.01),the levels of ATP,the activities of Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase were improved.Conclusion:Acupuncturing at the Pericardium Meridian can alleviate the cell injury by myocardial ischemia,and also can improve the myocardial energetic metabolism in acute myocardial ischemia.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.81160024)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(NO.814371)
文摘Objective:To observe the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) pefusion on transmural heterogeneity of Cx43 expression in the rabbit model with acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion(MIR),and investigate the role of rennin-angiotensin system in malignant ventricular arrhythmia induced by MIR.Methods:Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into MIR group(n=10) and Ang Ⅱ group(n=10).MIR model was produced with traditional ligation and opening of the anterior descending coronary artery in all animal.The hearts in vitro in the MIR group and the Ang Ⅱ group were perfused with simply improved Tyrode's solution and containing Ang Ⅱ Tyrode's solution respectively.90%monophasic action potential repolarization duration,transmural dispersion of repolarization.Cx43 protein(Cx43-pro) and mRNA(Cx43-Cq) expression in subepicardial,midmyocardial and subendocardial myocardium were measured in both groups.The greatest differences of Cx43-pro and Cx43-Cq among three myocardial layers were calculated and shown with △Cx43-pro and △Cx43-Cq respectively.Results:After Ang Ⅱ perfusion,90%monophasic action potential repolarization duration among three myocardial layer were significantly prolonged(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01),and transmural dispersion of repolarization also significantly increased compared with the MIR group(P < 0.05).Compare with the MIR group,three myocardial Cx43-pro and Cx43-Cq expression in the Ang Ⅱ group were significantly decreased(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).but△Cx43-pro and △Cx43-Cq were significant increased.Conclusions:Renin-angiotensin system increases transmural heterogeneity of Cx43 expression in the rabbit model with MIR by Ang Ⅱ,and enlarge transmural dispersion of repolarization among three myocardial layers of left ventricular which induces malignant ventricular arrhythmia.
文摘Summary: The effect of the autonomic nerves on the transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization (TDR) under acute myocardial ischemia in intact canine was investigated. Using the monophasic action potential (MAP) recording technique, MAPs of the epicardium (Epi), midmyocardium (Mid) and endocardium (Endo) were recorded simultaneously by specially designed plunge-needle electrodes at the left ventricular free wall under acute myocardial ischemia in 12 open-chest dogs. MAPD 90 and TDR among three myocardial layers as well as the incidence of the early afterdepolarization (EAD) before autonomic nervous stimulation and during autonomic nervous stimulation were compared. It was found that 10 min after acute myocardial ischemia, TDR was increased from 55±8 ms to 86±15 ms during sympathetic stimulation (P<0.01). The TDR (53±9 ms) during parasympathetic stimulation was not significantly different from that of the control (55±8 ms) (P>0.05). The EAD was elicited in the Mid of 2 dogs (16 %) 10 min after acute myocardial ischemia, but the EAD were elicited in the Mid of 7 dogs (58 %) during sympathetic stimulation (P<0.01). It was concluded that: (1) Sympathetic stimulation can increase the transmural dispersion of repolari-zation and induce early afterdepolarizations in the Mid under acute myocardial ischemia, which provide the opportunity for the ventricular arrhythmia developing; (2) Parasympathetic stimulation has no significant effect on the transmural dispersion of repolarization under myocardial ischemia.
基金The project supported by the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(052/2013/A2)
文摘Erigeron multiradiatus(Lindl.)Benth.,has been used in Tibet folk medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases.The aim of this study was to investigate anti-myocardial ischemia and reperfusion(I/R)injury effect of caffeoylquinic acids derivatives of E.multiradiatus(AE)in vivo and to explain underling mechanism.AE was prepared using the whole plant of E.multiradiatus and contents of 6 caffeoylquinic acid determined through HPLC analysis.Myocardial I/R were induced by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 30 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion in rats.AE administration(10,20 and 40 mg·kg-1)inhibited I/R-induced injury as indicated by decreasing myocardial infarct size,reducing of CK and LDH activities and preventing ST-segment depression in dose-dependent manner.AE decreased cardiac tissue levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-αand IL-6 and attenuated leukocytes infiltration.AE was further demonstrated to significantly inhibit I-κB degradation,nuclear translocation of p-65 and phosphorylation of JNK.Our results suggested that cardioprotective effect of AE could be due to suppressing myocardial inflammatory response and blocking NF-κB and JNK activation pathway.Thus,caffeoylquinic acids might be the active compounds in E.multiradiatus on myocardial ischemia and be a potential natural drug for treating myocardial I/R injury.
基金Supported by The Ministry of Science and Technology of China, preliminarily-selected project of meridian research of national scaling plan, No. Pre-19-211
文摘AIM: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Neiguan" (PC6) and "Gongsun" (SP4) on pathological changes of the heart and stomach in rats with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI), and to explore its underlying mechanism. METHODS: Fifty Wistar rats were randomized into control, model, PC6, SP4 and PC6 + SP4 groups (n = 8 each group). An AMI model was established by occlusion of the descending anterior branch (DAB) of the left coronary artery. ECG-ST of cervico-thoracic lead and electrogastrogram (EGG) were recorded. EA was applied to PC6, SP4 and PC6 + SP4 groups, respectively. At the end of experiments, the rats were transcardically perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde, and the heart base myocardium, gastric antrum and duodenum tissues were sampled, sectioned and stained with a reduced form of nicotinamide- adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase histochemical method for displaying nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. RESULTS: After AMI, ECG-ST values elevated. After EA, the elevated ECG-ST values at 20 min in PC6group, at 30 min in PC6 + SP4 and SP4 groups had no significant differences in comparison with their respective basal values before AMI. Following AMI, the amplitude and frequency of slow waves of EGG decreased remarkably (P < 0.05). At 30 min after EA, the mean amplitude and frequency of slow waves of EGG in the three EA groups had no marked differences compared with their individual basal levels and those in the control group. After AMI, the mean integral grey values of NOS-positive product in myocardium, gastric antrum and duodenum tissues in the model group increased remarkably in comparison with the control group, while those in three EA groups were lower than those in the model group. No significant differences were found in ECG-ST and EGG improvement among the three EA groups. However, EA of PC6 had a better effect on ECG-ST and EA of PC4 had a better effect on EGG, respectively. CONCLUSION: EA of PC6, SP4 and PC6 + SP4 can significantly promote the recovery of cardiac and gastric electrical activities after AMI, and up-regulate NOS expression in myocardium, gastric antrum and duodenum tissues.
文摘28 health rabbits were divided into electroacupuncture group, and non-elec- troacupuncture. Effect of electrical needling "Neiguan" point on the action potintial and cAMP and cGMP of the ventricular cells of acute myocardial ischemia were observed.The main results are as follows: The RP, APA and maximun velecity of depolarization(Vmax) decrease, the APD prolongs in the electroacupuncture and non-electroacupuncture group, but the changes of non-electroacupuncture group are more evident than the electroacupuncture group.The attack rates of EAD and DAD in the nonelectroacupuncture group are higher than in elec troacupuncture group. cAMP in the acute myocardial ischemia cells increases, but the changes of which in nonelectroacupuncture group are more marked than the electroacupunct u re.The above mentioned results show that there is a protection effect of electrical needling "Neiguan"point on the action potential of the ventricular cell of acute myocardial ischemia rabbits. The effect might result from decreasing cAMP in the ischemia cells by electrical needling "Neiguan" point.
文摘This paper reports the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (P 6) on myocardial microcirculation and electrical activity observed in rabbits with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) by employing the vascular casting method and taking monophasic action potential (MAP) as an index. It was found that in the ischemic border zone of the heart, the electrical excitability was strengthened, the shortening of the phase repolarization inhibited, and the number of the micrangia increased in some degree following EA. This suggests that EA can relieve arteriolospasm, inhibit extreme dilatation of blood capillaries, modulate imbalance of micro-vasomotion of the coronary artery, improve myocardial blood-supply, and promote normalization of electrical activities of the ischemia myocardium. This fact not only elucidates the recovery mechanism of the ischemic myocardium promoted by EA at Neiguan (P 6), but also provides morphological basis for the theory of relationship between Neiguan of the Pericardium Meridian and the heart.
基金This study was funded by the Joint Guidance Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LH2023H063)the Scientific Research Project of Academic Thought Inheritance of Chinese Medicine Great Master of Heilongjiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZHY2023-151).
文摘Introduction:Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury has received widespread attention due to its damaging effects.Electroacupuncture(EA)pretreatment has preventive effects on myocardial IR injury.SLC26A4 is a Na+independent anion reverse transporter and has not been reported in myocardial IR injury.Objectives:Tofind potential genes that may be regulated by EA and explore the role of this gene in myocardial IR injury.Methods:RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to obtain the differentially expressed genes in the myocardial tissue of IR rats with EA pretreatment.Myocardial infarction size was detected by TTC staining.Serum CK,creatinine kinase-myocardial band,Cardiac troponin I,and lactate dehydrogenase levels were determined by ELISA.The effect of SLC26A4 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis was explored by TUNEL staining and western blotting.The effects of SLC26A4 on inflammation were determined by HE staining,ELISA,and real-time PCR.The effect of SLC26A4 on the NF-κB pathway was determined by western blotting.Results:SLC26A4 was up-regulated in IR rats but downregulated in IR rats with EA pretreatment.Compared with IR rats,those with SLC26A4 knockdown exhibited improved cardiac function according to decreased myocardial infarction size,reduced serum LDH/CK/CK-MB/cTnI levels,and elevated left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening.SLC26A4 silencing inhibited myocardial inflammation,cell apoptosis,phosphorylation,and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65.Conclusion:SLC26A4 exhibited promoting effects on myocardial IR injury,while the SLC26A4 knockdown had an inhibitory effect on the NF-κB pathway.These results further unveil the role of SLC26A4 in IR injury.
文摘Medical history summary: Male, 47 years old, was admitted to the hospital due to “dizziness accompanied by chest tightness and pain for more than 8 days”. One week ago, the patient experienced chest tightness, chest pain accompanied by profuse sweating for 3 hours and underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a local hospital. The procedure revealed left main stem occlusion with subsequent left main stem to left anterior descending artery percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After the procedure, the patient experienced hemodynamic instability, recurrent ventricular fibrillation, and critical condition, thus transferred to our hospital for further treatment. Symptoms and signs: The patient is in a comatose state, unresponsive to stimuli, with bilateral dilated pupils measuring 2.0 mm, exhibiting reduced sensitivity to light reflex, and recurrent fever. Coarse breath sounds can be heard in both lungs, with audible moist rales. Irregular breathing pattern is observed, and heart sounds vary in intensity. No pathological murmurs are auscultated in any valve auscultation area. Diagnostic methods: Coronary angiography results at the local hospital showed complete occlusion of the left main stem, and left main stem to left anterior descending artery percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed. However, the distal guidewire did not pass through. After admission, blood tests showed a Troponin T level of 1.44 ng/ml and a Myoglobin level of 312 ng/ml. The platelet count was 1390 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L. Von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity was measured at 201.9%. Bone marrow aspiration biopsy showed active bone marrow proliferation and platelet clustering. The peripheral blood smear also showed platelet clustering. JAK-2 gene testing was positive, confirming the diagnosis of primary thrombocytosis. Treatment methods: The patient is assisted with mechanical ventilation and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation to improve coronary blood flow. Electrolyte levels are closely monitored, especially maintaining plasma potassium levels between 4.0 and 4.5 mmol/l. Hydroxyurea 500 mg is administered for platelet reduction. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents are used rationally to prevent further infarction or bleeding. Antiarrhythmic, lipid-lowering, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and heart failure treatment are also provided. Clinical outcome: The family members chose to withdraw treatment and signed for discharge due to a combination of reasons, including economic constraints and uncertainty about the prognosis due to the long disease course. Acute myocardial infarction has gradually become one of the leading causes of death in our country. As a “green channel” disease, corresponding diagnostic and treatment protocols have been established in China, and significant progress has been made in emergency care. There are strict regulations for the time taken from the catheterization lab to the cardiac intensive care unit, and standardized treatments are provided to patients once they enter the intensive care unit. Research results show that the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in patients with primary thrombocythemia within 10 years is 9.4%. This type of disease is rare and difficult to cure, posing significant challenges to medical and nursing professionals. In order to benefit future patients, we have documented individual cases of treatment and nursing care for these patients. The research results show that these patients exhibit resistance to traditional oral anticoagulant drugs and require alternative anticoagulants. Additionally, there are significant differences in serum and plasma potassium levels among patients. Therefore, when making clinical diagnoses, it is necessary to carefully distinguish between the two. Particularly, nursing personnel should possess dialectical thinking when supplementing potassium levels in patients in order to reduce the incidence of malignant arrhythmias and mortality rates.
文摘Myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN)are a group of diseases characterized by the clonal proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor or stem cells.They are clinically classifiable into four main diseases:chronic myeloid leukemia,essential thrombocythemia,polycythemia vera,and primary myelofibrosis.These pathologies are closely related to cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases due to the increased risk of arterial thrombosis,the most common underlying cause of acute myocardial infarction.Recent evidence shows that the classical Virchow triad(hypercoagulability,blood stasis,endothelial injury)might offer an explanation for such association.Indeed,patients with MPN might have a higher number and more reactive circulating platelets and leukocytes,a tendency toward blood stasis because of a high number of circulating red blood cells,endothelial injury or overactivation as a consequence of sustained inflammation caused by the neoplastic clonal cell.These abnormal cancer cells,especially when associated with the JAK2V617F mutation,tend to proliferate and secrete several inflammatory cytokines.This sustains a pro-inflammatory state throughout the body.The direct consequence is the induction of a pro-thrombotic state that acts as a determinant in favoring both venous and arterial thrombus formation.Clinically,MPN patients need to be carefully evaluated to be treated not only with cytoreductive treatments but also with cardiovascular protective strategies.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is a severe cardiovascular disease caused by the blockage of coronary arteries that leads to ischemic necrosis of the myocardium.Timely medical contact is critical for successful AMI treatment,and delays increase the risk of death for patients.Pre-hospital delay time(PDT)is a significant challenge for reducing treatment times,as identifying high-risk patients with AMI remains difficult.This study aims to construct a risk prediction model to identify high-risk patients and develop targeted strategies for effective and prompt care,ultimately reducing PDT and improving treatment outcomes.AIM To construct a nomogram model for forecasting pre-hospital delay(PHD)likelihood in patients with AMI and to assess the precision of the nomogram model in predicting PHD risk.METHODS A retrospective cohort design was employed to investigate predictive factors for PHD in patients with AMI diagnosed between January 2022 and September 2022.The study included 252 patients,with 180 randomly assigned to the development group and the remaining 72 to the validation group in a 7:3 ratio.Independent risk factors influencing PHD were identified in the development group,leading to the establishment of a nomogram model for predicting PHD in patients with AMI.The model's predictive performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve in both the development and validation groups.RESULTS Independent risk factors for PHD in patients with AMI included living alone,hyperlipidemia,age,diabetes mellitus,and digestive system diseases(P<0.05).A characteristic curve analysis indicated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.787(95%confidence interval:0.716–0.858)and 0.770(95%confidence interval:0.660-0.879)in the development and validation groups,respectively,demonstrating the model's good discriminatory ability.The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test revealed no statistically significant disparity between the anticipated and observed incidence of PHD in both development and validation cohorts(P>0.05),indicating satisfactory model calibration.CONCLUSION The nomogram model,developed with independent risk factors,accurately forecasts PHD likelihood in AMI individuals,enabling efficient identification of PHD risk in these patients.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82370417,81970320,82270273)the Certificate of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(2021M693826)+1 种基金the postdoctoral funding from Heilongjiang Province(21042230046)the Hai Yan Youth Fund from Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital(JJQN2021-09).
文摘Objective:Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI)is one of the leading causes of death from cardiovascular disease in humans,especially in individuals exposed to cold environments.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)regulate MIRI through multiple mechanisms.This study explored the regulatory effect of lncRNA-AK138945 on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and its mechanism.Methods:In vivo,8-to 12-weeks-old C57BL/6 male mice underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 50 minutes followed by reperfusion for 48 hours.In vitro,the primary cultured neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes(NMVCs)were treated with 100μmol/L hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).The knockdown of lncRNA-AK138945 was evaluated to detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis,and a glucose-regulated,endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein 94(GRP94)inhibitor was used to detect myocardial injury.Results:We found that the expression level of lncRNA-AK138945 was reduced in MIRI mouse heart tissue and H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes.Moreover,the proportion of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes increased after lncRNA-AK138945 was silenced.The expression level of Bcl2 protein was decreased,and the expression level of Bad,Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 protein was increased.Our further study found that miR-1a-3p is a direct target of lncRNA-AK138945,after lncRNA-AK138945 was silenced in cardiomyocytes,the expression level of miR-1a-3p was increased while the expression level of its downstream protein GRP94 was decreased.Interestingly,treatment with a GRP94 inhibitor(PU-WS13)intensified H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.After overexpression of FOXO3,the expression levels of lncRNA-AK138945 and GRP94 were increased,while the expression levels of miR-1a-3p were decreased.Conclusion:LncRNA-AK138945 inhibits GRP94 expression by regulating miR-1a-3p,leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis.The transcription factor Forkhead Box Protein O3(FOXO3)participates in cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress through up-regulation of lncRNA-AK138945.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82004095)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2021-JYB-XJSJJ031)。
文摘Objective:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of tetrahydropalmatine(THP)on acute myocardial ischemia(AMI).Methods:First,the target genes of THP and AMI were collected from SymMap Database,Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform,and Swiss Target Prediction,respectively.Then,the overlapping target genes between THP and AMI were evaluated for Grene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis.The binding affinity between the protein and THP was assessed by molecular docking.Finally,the protective effects of THP on AMI model and oxygen and glucose deprivation(OGD)model of H9C2 cardiomyocyte were explored and the expression levels of target genes were detected by RT-qP CR in vivo and in vitro.Results:MMP9,PPARG,PTGS2,SLC6A4,ESR1,JAK2,GSK3B,NOS2 and AR were recognized as hub genes.The KEGG enrichment analysis results revealed that the potential target genes of THP were involved in the regulation of PPAR and hormone pathways.THP improved the cardiac function,as well as alleviated myocardial cell damage.Furthermore,THP significantly decreased the RNA expression levels of MMP9,PTGS2,SLC6A4,GSK3B and ESR1(P<0.05,P<0.01)after AMI.In vitro,THP significantly increased H9C2 cardiomyocyte viability(P<0.05,P<0.01)and inhibited the RNA expression levels of PPARG,ESR1 and AR(P<0.05,P<0.01)in OGD model.Conclusions:THP could improve cardiac function and alleviate myocardial injury in AMI.The underlying mechanism may be inhibition of inflammation,the improvement of energy metabolism and the regulation of hormones.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Programs Foundation during the 9th Five-year Plan Period (No. 96-903-01-02)
文摘Objective: To investigate the cardio-protective effects of Corocalm (疏冠胶囊)on acute myocardial ischemia in rats, and to explore its possible therapeutic mechanisms. Methods: The acute ischemic model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in rats. The animals were divided into 6 groups, 8 in each group. The sham operated group underwent heart exposure without ligation and were treated with normal saline 3 ml/kg, while the other 5 groups, the model groups, consisted of acceptable acute ischemic model rats and were also treated with normal saline, with the Guanxin Capsule (冠心胶囊,GXC) group treated with refined GXC, 600 mg/kg, the low and high dose Corocalm groups treated with 85 mg/kg and 340 mg/kg of Corocalm respectively, and the Diltiazem group, treated with Diltiazem 5 mg/kg, with all the tested drugs prepared with normal saline into equal volume (3 ml/kg) and administrated once via duodenum 10 min before ligation. Myocardial infarction area was determined by the quantitative histoiogical assay with nitroblue tetrazolium (N-BT) stain. And the levels of creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were measured by biochemical assay and spectrophotometry respectively. Besides, the blood viscosity in another 50 rats was determined, who received for 7 successive days oral administration with different concentration of Corocalm or aspirin. Results: It showed that low and high dose Corocalm could significantly reduce the infarction area, inhibit the increase of serum CK, LDH activity and MDA content, and enhance the SOD activity after ischemia/reperfusion. The whole blood viscosity at different shear rates in rats treated with high dose Corocalm was significantly lower than those treated with normal saline (P<0.05).Conclusion: Corocalm has favourable protective effects on heart in ischemic condition, the effect of which might be through its actions in inhibiting CK and LDH activity, scavenging oxygen free radicals, and lowering blood viscosity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81173164 and 81573852)the Public Service Key Project of Shandong Provincial Research and Development(No.2018GSF119009)。
文摘Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction has a long history of medical use for treating cardiovascular diseases in China.In this study,we investigated the protective effect and underlying mechanisms GXB in typeⅡdiabetes with acute myocardial ischemia(T2DM-AMI)rats.We hypothesized that GXB may display its protective effect on T2DM-AMI by reducing endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)apoptosis via activating PI3K(phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase)/Akt(serine/threonine protein kinase B)/e NOS(endothelial nitric oxide synthase)signaling.Rats were challenged with a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to induce a model of typeⅡdiabetes mellitus(T2DM)and coronary ligation to induce acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Changes in metabolites were assessed via enzyme-linked immunoassay and biochemical examination.The number and apoptosis rate of EPCs in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry.Target m RNAs and proteins in EPCs were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.The results demonstrated that GXB treatment decreased T2DM-AMI-associated changes in plasma fasting blood glucose,muscular enzymes,and blood lipids,and reduced oxidative stress.Furthermore,EPC apoptosis was increased in T2DM-AMI rats and was associated with decreased m RNA and protein levels of PI3K,Akt,and eNOS compared to the controls.Conversely,T2DM-AMI rats treated with GXB exhibited more circulating EPCs and downregulated levels of cell apoptosis,combined with increased m RNA and protein levels of PI3 K,Akt,and eNOS compared to those of untreated T2DM-AMI rats.Our study showed that GXB treatment mitigated EPC apoptosis and promoted PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling in T2DM-AMI rats.
基金Supported by the Project Acupoint Sensitization Research of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81590951)National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2012CB518501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81373559)。
文摘Objective: To observe the influence of acupuncture on microcirculation perfusion of the pericardium meridian and heart in acute myocardial ischemia(AMI) rats and evaluate whether acupuncture can simultaneously affect the meridians and corresponding viscera. Additionally, acupoints at different meridians were compared and whether they exert the same effects was discussed. Methods: Totally 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left anterior descending(LAD) ligation to develop an AMI model.Rats were divided into 4 groups, including AMI, acupuncture Neiguan(PC 6), Lieque(LU 7) and Qiansanli(LI 10) groups(n=8). Eight rats received only thoracotomy(sham-operated group). The rats in the acupuncture groups received manual acupuncture at PC 6, LU 7 and LI 10 acupoints for 15 min, respectively. The microcirculation perfusion of pericardium meridian and heart was monitored by laser speckle perfusion imager(LSPI) before, during and after acupuncture manipulation for 15 min. Subsequently, the perfusion unit(PU)was calculated and analyzed by PSI System. Results: After LAD, compared to pre-acupuncture stage, the heart microcirculation perfusion(HMP) in the AMI group decreased continuously at during-acupuncture(P>0.05) and post-acupuncture stages(P<0.05), and the pericardium meridian microcirculation perfusion(PMP) showed no significant differences at 3 stages(P>0.05). Compared to pre-acupuncture stage, the PMP and HMP in PC 6 group significantly increased during acupuncture manipulation(both P<0.05), and PMP decreased obviously after acupuncture(P<0.05). The PMP in the LU 7 and LI 10 groups were slightly elevated(both P>0.05);however, they were significantly reduced after acupuncture manipulation(both P<0.05). Additionally, HMP of LI 10 group was decreased significantly during acupuncture, especially compared to pre-acupuncture stage(P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture at PC 6 obviously increased the PMP and HMP in AMI rats, and the effects were superior to at LU 7 and LI 10 acupoints. It was further confirmed that acupuncture promoted qi and blood circulation, indicating that acupoint specificity exists and features a meridian-propagated effect.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation[grant number 2015A408119346049]Science and Tech-nology Innovation project of Guangdong Province[grant number 2013KJCX0076].
文摘Sudden cardiac death(SCD)is the leading cause of death worldwide.Myocardial ischemia(MI)is the most common underlying causal disorder for SCD.Metabolic risks leading to SCD during acute MI are still not fully understood.Here,using tissue metabolomics,we aimed to investigate myocardial metabolic alterations relevant to SCD events in an acute MI rat model induced by coronary artery ligation(CAL).Thirty-four rats were successfully performed CAL,of which 13 developed lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmia(LVTA)-SCD and 7 developed severe atrioventricular block(AB)-SCD.Fourteen rats that survived within 70 min after the ligation were served as peer controls.The partial least squares-discriminant analysis plots demonstrated clear separations between the SCD rats and controls,indicating obvious differences in myocardial metabolome between these rats.The levels of isoleucine,lactate,glutamate choline,phosphorylcholine,taurine and asparagine in ischemic myocardia were positively associated with LVTA-SCD events;in contrast,the levels of alanine,urea,phenylalanine,linoleic acid,elaidic acid and stearic acid were inversely correlated with LVTA-SCD events.The levels of glutamate and urea were positively and negatively relevant to AB-SCD events,respectively.The dangerous metabolites indicated that lower levels of energy substrates,severe hypoxia,the inhibition of transamination and hyper sympathetic excitement and reactive oxygen species in myocardia were vulnerable to SCD during acute MI.The results suggest fatal metabolic alterations correlated with SCD events during acute MI,which could offer novel clues for the prevention or treatment of acute MI-related SCD.
基金supported by the Twelfth Five-Year Planning Project of the Scientific and Technological Department of China [2011BAI11B02]2014 special fund for scientific research in the public interest by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China [No.201402001]CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) [2020-I2M-C&T-B-050]。
文摘Objective To evaluate the long-term prognosis of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)treated with different reperfusion strategies in Chinese county-level hospitals Methods A total of 2,514 patients with STEMI from 32 hospitals participated in the China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry between January 2013 and September 2014.The success of fibrinolysis was assessed according to indirect measures of vascular recanalization.The primary outcome was 2-year mortality.Results Reperfusion therapy was used in 1,080 patients(42.9%):fibrinolysis(n=664,61.5%)and primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)(n=416,38.5%).The most common reason for missing reperfusion therapy was a prehospital delay>12 h(43%).Fibrinolysis[14.5%,hazard ratio(HR):0.59,95%confidence interval(CI)0.44–0.80]and primary PCI(6.8%,HR=0.32,95%CI:0.22–0.48)were associated with lower 2-year mortality than those with no reperfusion(28.5%).Among fibrinolysistreated patients,510(76.8%)achieved successful clinical reperfusion;only 17.0%of those with failed fibrinolysis underwent rescue PCI.There was no difference in 2-year mortality between successful fibrinolysis and primary PCI(8.8%vs.6.8%,HR=1.53,95%CI:0.85–2.73).Failed fibrinolysis predicted a similar mortality(33.1%)to no reperfusion(33.1%vs.28.5%,HR=1.30,95%CI:0.93–1.81).Conclusion In Chinese county-level hospitals,only approximately 2/5 of patients with STEMI underwent reperfusion therapy,largely due to prehospital delay.Approximately 30%of patients with failed fibrinolysis and no reperfusion therapy did not survive at 2 years.Quality improvement initiatives are warranted,especially in public health education and fast referral for mechanical revascularization in cases of failed fibrinolysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81970245,82270357,and 81770432)the Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(Grant Nos.:2021-04-ZZ-001,2021-QYPT-003,and 2022-SLRH-YQ-004)+1 种基金the Project of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province in China(Project No.:2022YWZX-PG-01)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province in China(Grant No.:2023-JC-JQ-61).
文摘The canonical transient receptor potential channel(TRPC)proteins form Ca^(2+)-permeable cation channels that are involved in various heart diseases.However,the roles of specific TRPC proteins in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury remain poorly understood.We observed that TRPC1 and TRPC6 were highly expressed in the area at risk(AAR)in a coronary artery ligation induced I/R model.Trpc1/mice exhibited improved cardiac function,lower serum Troponin T and serum creatine kinase level,smaller infarct volume,less fibrotic scars,and fewer apoptotic cells after myocardial-I/R than wild-type or Trpc6/mice.Cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown of Trpc1 using adeno-associated virus 9 mitigated myocardial I/R injury.Furthermore,Trpc1 deficiency protected adult mouse ventricular myocytes(AMVMs)and HL-1 cells from death during hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)injury.RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation in Trpc1/cardiomyocytes.Among these genes,oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like(Ogdhl)was markedly downregulated.Moreover,Trpc1 deficiency impaired the calcineurin(CaN)/nuclear factorkappa B(NF-kB)signaling pathway in AMVMs.Suppression of this pathway inhibited Ogdhl upregulation and ROS generation in HL-1 cells under H/R conditions.Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed NF-kB binding to the Ogdhl promoter.The cardioprotective effect of Trpc1 deficiency was canceled out by overexpression of NF-kB and Ogdhl in cardiomyocytes.In conclusion,our findings reveal that TRPC1 is upregulated in the AAR following myocardial I/R,leading to increased Ca^(2+) influx into associated cardiomyocytes.Subsequently,this upregulates Ogdhl expression through the CaN/NF-kB signaling pathway,ultimately exacerbating ROS production and aggravating myocardial I/R injury.
