Wollastonite, a mineral of wide industrial applications was synthesised from rice husk ash silica and limestone. A number of raw batches consisting of these starting materials, in 1:1 molar ratio, were heat treated to...Wollastonite, a mineral of wide industrial applications was synthesised from rice husk ash silica and limestone. A number of raw batches consisting of these starting materials, in 1:1 molar ratio, were heat treated to produce it through solid state reaction from 900℃ to 1300℃. The conducted reaction was monitored by XRD step by step. Amount of Wollastonite formed at every temperature was also studied to some extent. Analyses of the obtained data indicated that the target mineral formation was quite effective and almost proportional to a rise in temperature up to 1200℃. The results from both, XRD and chemical analysis were found in fair agreement with one another展开更多
Abilities of agricultural waste materials (walnut shell-WS, rice husk-RH, and peanut hull-PH) were tested as adsorbents for the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out...Abilities of agricultural waste materials (walnut shell-WS, rice husk-RH, and peanut hull-PH) were tested as adsorbents for the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the adsorption kinetics mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ) effect of adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and temperature. The best results are obtained at 15g/L adsorbent concentration, 60min contact time, 298K temperature, and 50mg/L adsorbate initial concentration at pH 2. The adsorption isotherms, using initial concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) between 10 and 500mg/L for the Cr(Ⅵ) removal, show the maximum metal uptake capacities of adsorbent were 10.48, 6.71, and 8.54mg/g for WS, RH, and PH, respectively. And the adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm for WS, RH, and PH with correlation coefficients of 0.9862, 0.9723, and 0.9714, respectively. Moreover, the FTIR analysis of WS, RH, and PH before and after adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) suggested that Cr ions were combined to some functional groups of compounds contained in these materials.展开更多
In China, the heating energy consumption patterns of rural housing are changing due to economic development. This study investigated domestic heating in rural areas of Dalian, a city in northeast China. In rural areas...In China, the heating energy consumption patterns of rural housing are changing due to economic development. This study investigated domestic heating in rural areas of Dalian, a city in northeast China. In rural areas of the country, heating devices such as coal boiler, radiator, and/ or air-conditioner are typically used. The Kang, as the main heating system, has been used together with other heating methods for a long time in detached houses, one-story buildings, and quadrangles. Use of the Kang in collective housing is no longer observed. In addition to coal, agricultural wastes have been used to fuel the Kang; the associated CO2 emissions with agricultural fuels are lower than from other heating equipment. Even when a combination of the Kang and other equipment is used, with agricultural waste as fuel, CO2 emissions remain relatively low.展开更多
Owing to its subtropical or tropical environment and climate,South China is home to unique agricultural crops such as sugar cane,pineapple,banana,cassava,and rice,which generate a large amount of lignocellulosic agric...Owing to its subtropical or tropical environment and climate,South China is home to unique agricultural crops such as sugar cane,pineapple,banana,cassava,and rice,which generate a large amount of lignocellulosic agricultural wastes during agricultural as well as associated industrial processing.The efficient utilization of these wastes will have a significant impact on the economy and sustainable development of South China.This paper reviews the research investigations conducted both in China and elsewhere on the conversion of wastes from these subtropical or tropical agricultural crops into useful chemicals,energy,and biomaterials.The goal of this paper is to promote and summarize the extensive investigations on these agricultural wastes for the development of biorefinery.展开更多
Effects of residues produced by agricultural wastes fermentation(AWF)on low grade copper sulfide ores bioleaching,copper recovery,and microbial community were investigated.The results indicated that adding appropriate...Effects of residues produced by agricultural wastes fermentation(AWF)on low grade copper sulfide ores bioleaching,copper recovery,and microbial community were investigated.The results indicated that adding appropriate bulk of AWF made contributions to low grade copper sulfide ores bioleaching,which may be mainly realized through reducing the passivation layer formed by Fe3+hydrolysis.Improved copper recovery(78.35%)and bacteria concentration(9.56×10^(7)cells·mL^(−1))were yielded in the presence of 5 g·L^(−1)AWF.The result of 16S rDNA analysis demonstrated that microbial community was differentiated by adding AWF.Bacteria proportion,such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,Moraxella osloensis,and Lactobacillus acetotolerans changed distinctly.Great difference between samples was showed according to beta diversity index,and the maximum value reached 0.375.Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans accounted for the highest proportion throughout the bioleaching process,and that of sample in the presence of 5 g·L^(−) AWF reached 28.63%.The results should show reference to application of agricultural wastes and low grade copper sulfide ores.展开更多
Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer was cultivated on selected agro wastes viz. cotton stalks, groundnut haulms, soybean straw, pigeon pea stalks; leaves; wheat straw, alone or in combinations. Cotton stalks, pigeon pea...Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer was cultivated on selected agro wastes viz. cotton stalks, groundnut haulms, soybean straw, pigeon pea stalks; leaves; wheat straw, alone or in combinations. Cotton stalks, pigeon pea stalks; wheat straw alone or in combination were found to be more suitable than groundnut haulms; soybean straw for the cultivation. Organic supplements such as groundnut oilseed cake, gram powder; rice bran not only affected growth parameters but also increased yields. Thus bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass by P. sajor-caju offers a promising way to convert low quality biomass into an improved human food.展开更多
Agricultural waste straw is the renewable resource with the highest annual yield in the world.In value-added applications of agricultural waste,dicarboxyl cellulose nanocrystals(DCCs)are prepared from rice,wheat,and c...Agricultural waste straw is the renewable resource with the highest annual yield in the world.In value-added applications of agricultural waste,dicarboxyl cellulose nanocrystals(DCCs)are prepared from rice,wheat,and corn straw by sequential periodate-chlorite oxidation.In this study,DCCs from rice,wheat,and corn straw were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,X-ray diffractometer(XRD),and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA).The carboxyl content of the DCCs was also investigated.XRD results show that the crystallinity index decreased after sequential periodate-chlorite oxidation;however,the cellulose I structure was maintained.TEM results show that rod-shaped DCCs with an average length and width of 287.0 nm and 9.9 nm,respectively,were successfully prepared by sequential periodate-chlorite oxidation.The carboxyl content of the DCCs was around 3.9 mmol/g,and not affected by the type of straw.Experiments to study the removal of copper ions in aqueous medium were performed with the prepared DCCs.The adsorption capacities of copper ions were 131,162,and 144 mg/g for DCCs prepared from rice,wheat,and corn straws,respectively.The results show that DCCs prepared from rice,wheat,and corn straws by sequential periodatechlorite oxidation have potential for the removal of copper ions from aqueous medium.展开更多
With the increase of global proportion of soil pollution and the number of areas at risk,researchers have sought to develop various pathways to repair or relieve the pollutants in soil.Among them,biochar represents on...With the increase of global proportion of soil pollution and the number of areas at risk,researchers have sought to develop various pathways to repair or relieve the pollutants in soil.Among them,biochar represents one multi-dimensional soil amendment which has got great deal of attention on its physicochemical properties towards the removal or mitigation of contaminants in soil.A variety of agricultural wastes like straw and manure prepared from different torrefaction process have been employed as feedstock for the production of biochar,which can be applied to the contaminated soil to facilitate the growing environment for crops,and to improve soil fertility and microbial environment.In addition,the utilization of biochar for soil remediation is also considered as a pro-cess of carbon sequestration.The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest research progress in torrefac-tion processes and mechanism of agricultural waste,the effects of different torrefaction methods on the formation and properties of biochar were explained,coupled with the effects of process parameters.Especially,the conver-sion and mechanisms of biochar prepared from agricultural wastes composed mainly with lignocellulosic material were discussed,and the characteristics of biochar prepared for improving soil physical and chemical character-istics,microbial community characteristics,nutrients,and the stability and relief of soil pollutants,especially heavy metals,are compared.Finally,this work discussed the application and future technical challenges of soil remediation based on agricultural waste derived biochar.展开更多
Energy utilization is high-value use pattern of agricultural waste, and is main development direction of agricultural biomass energy industry in China. Planting and breeding industry in Hubei Province occupies importa...Energy utilization is high-value use pattern of agricultural waste, and is main development direction of agricultural biomass energy industry in China. Planting and breeding industry in Hubei Province occupies important position in whole country. Agricultural waste resources are rich, and it has huge potential for developing agriculturel biomass energy. By statistical data during 2000 -2011, we analyzed current situation and problem for energy utilization of agricultural waste in Hubei Province, and put forward several countermeasures and suggestions, vigorously promoting energy utilization of agricultural waste.展开更多
Biomethane potential production from cashew nut hulls, an agricultural waste, was carried out using old and fresh hulls as substrates. Samples were taken from old hulls (around 8 years old) and fresh hulls produced in...Biomethane potential production from cashew nut hulls, an agricultural waste, was carried out using old and fresh hulls as substrates. Samples were taken from old hulls (around 8 years old) and fresh hulls produced in cashew scale transformation units at Bobo Dioulasso/Burkina Faso. Physicochemical parameters showed that cashew hulls can be </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">good candidate for anaerobic digestion. But high acidity, total phenols and lignin tenor could be a constraint for anaerobic bacteria. Theoretical biochemical methane potential showed high value of 666</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">937 CH</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. (Kg VS)</span><sup><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 526</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">206 CH</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. (Kg VS)</span><sup><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for crushed fresh and powdered old hulls, respectively. Experimental biochemical methane potential showed significantly low potential of</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">1.982 CH</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. (Kg VM)</span><sup><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 46.840 CH</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. (Kg VM)</span><sup><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fresh </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and hold hulls</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, respectively</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Pretreatment for optimization, chemical composition and co-digestion system must be expected for a better anaerobic digestion performance.展开更多
The importance and the necessary of researches on renewable energy have become a hot topic in recent years due to climate change and global warming. In addition, the fossil fuel reserves is facing rapid depletion on t...The importance and the necessary of researches on renewable energy have become a hot topic in recent years due to climate change and global warming. In addition, the fossil fuel reserves is facing rapid depletion on the earth. Currently, most researches have concentrated on producing biogas for heating, lighting, drying, cooking but lack in researching on electricity production because the possibility of producing biogas at households are common at small scale. Studying on alternative energy sources to replace traditional fuel for electric power generation brings new chances and great opportunities for development. This study presents an assessment electric power generation via water hyacinths and agricultural waste. In this paper, the evaluation electric power is generated by operating internal combustion engines which use biogas fuel to replace traditional fuel （diesel, gasoline）. The results of the studies were demonstrated by experiments on the renewable energy production system at Hoa An Biotechnology Research and Experimental Center of Cantho University.展开更多
This article returns to the topic of sustainability. West Texas, mainly known for its cotton and cattle production, is facing problems related to the dispensation of agricultural waste produced by these operations. Th...This article returns to the topic of sustainability. West Texas, mainly known for its cotton and cattle production, is facing problems related to the dispensation of agricultural waste produced by these operations. The article looks at the ways of handling agricultural waste and the opportunities of dispensing it in West Texas. Since between 30 - 40 percent of food produced in the US is not consumed, reduction of food waste is another sustainability problem that, when solved, would lead to the reduction of agricultural production and, in turn, the reduction of agricultural waste. Waste reduction management practices of large food chain stores in West Texas are discussed, with a final goal of bringing waste to a zero level. Public sources of sustainable agricultural and non-agricultural waste handling are also mentioned. This research adds to the previous knowledge on sustainability by discussing agricultural waste practices of a specific local area, i.e. West Texas.展开更多
This study aimed to enhance the utilization of agricultural waste and identify the most suitable agricultural waste materials for tomato cultivation. It utilized a locally modified substrate labeled as CK, along with ...This study aimed to enhance the utilization of agricultural waste and identify the most suitable agricultural waste materials for tomato cultivation. It utilized a locally modified substrate labeled as CK, along with five different groups of agricultural waste materials, designated as T1 (organic fertilizer: loessial soil: straw in a ratio of 4:5:1), T2 (organic fertilizer: loessial soil: straw: grains in a ratio of 3:5:1:1), T3 (organic fertilizer: loessial soil: straw: grains in a ratio of 2:5:1:2), T4 (organic fertilizer:loessial soil:straw:grains in a ratio of 1:5:1:3), and T5 ( loessial soil:straw:grains in a ratio of 5:1:4), the AquaCrop model was employed to validate soil water content and tomato growth and yield under these treatments. Furthermore, a multi-objective genetic algorithm was employed to determine the optimal agricultural waste materials that would ensure maximum tomato yield, water use efficiency (WUE), partial factor productivity of fertilizer (PFP) and sugar-acid ratio. The results indicated that the AquaCrop model reasonably simulated volumetric soil water content, tomato canopy cover, and biomass, with root mean square error (RMSE) ranges of 20.0-69.4 mm, 15.2%-25.1%, and 1.093-3.469 t/hm2, respectively. The CK group exhibited an R-squared (R2) value of 0.63 for volumetric soil water contents, while the ratio scenarios showed R2 values exceeding 0.80. The multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm identified T5 as the optimal ratio scenario, resulting in maximum tomato yield, WUE, PFP, and quality. This study offers a theoretical foundation for the efficient utilization of agricultural wastes and the production of high-quality fruits and vegetables.展开更多
Agricultural plastics play a pivotal role in agricultural production.However,due to expensive costs,agricultural plastic waste management(APWM)encounters a vast funding gap.As one of the crucial stakeholders,the publi...Agricultural plastics play a pivotal role in agricultural production.However,due to expensive costs,agricultural plastic waste management(APWM)encounters a vast funding gap.As one of the crucial stakeholders,the public deserves to make appropriate efforts for APWM.Accordingly,identifying whether the public is willing to pay for APWM and clarifying the decisions’driving pathways to explore initiatives for promoting their payment intentions are essential to address the dilemma confronting APWM.To this end,by applying the extended theory of planned behavior(TPB),the study conducted an empirical analysis based on 1,288 residents from four provinces(autonomous regions)of northern China.Results illustrate that:1)respondents hold generally positive and relatively strong payment willingness towards APWM;2)respondents’attitude(AT),subjective norm(SN),and perceived behavioral control(PBC)are positively correlated with their payment intentions(INT);3)environmental cognition(EC)and environmental emotion(EE)positively moderate the relationships between AT and INT,and between SN and INT,posing significant indirect impacts on INT.The study’s implications extend to informing government policies,suggesting that multi-entity cooperation,specifically public payment for APWM,can enhance agricultural non-point waste management.展开更多
Due to their widespread use, clofibric acid （CA） and carbamazepine （CBZ） have been frequently detected simultaneously at relatively high concentrations in aquatic environments. In this study, agricultural waste ri...Due to their widespread use, clofibric acid （CA） and carbamazepine （CBZ） have been frequently detected simultaneously at relatively high concentrations in aquatic environments. In this study, agricultural waste rice straw was employed as a potentially low-cost, effective and easy-to-operate biosorbent （RSB） to remove CA and CBZ. The adsorption of both pharmaceuticals followed pseudo second-order kinetics, and intraparticle diffusion was an important rate-limiting step. The adsorption isotherms of both drugs were fit well with Freundlich model. The adsorption of CA onto RSB was exothermic and was more likely to be dominated by physical processes, while the adsorption of CBZ was endothermic. Solution pH was determined to be the most important factor for CA adsorption, such that the adsorption capacity of CA onto RSB increased with the decline of solution pH. In the lower range of solution pH below 3. l, the CA removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of biosorbent dosage. The CBZ removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of RSB dosage without pH control. The maximum adsorption capacities were 126.3 mg/g for CA and 40.0 mg/g for CBZ.展开更多
Lignocellulosic biomass can be circulated to produce many materials and products,including biochar.This study analyzed five different types of biochar produced from agricultural wastes and wood residues.The raw materi...Lignocellulosic biomass can be circulated to produce many materials and products,including biochar.This study analyzed five different types of biochar produced from agricultural wastes and wood residues.The raw materials included three agricultural by-products:corncob,cassava rhizome,rice husk,and two types of wood residues:rain tree(Samanea saman(Jacq.)Merr.)and krachid(Streblus ilicifolius(Vidal)Corner.).The biochar were made in patented retorts with locally-appropriated technology at a temper-ature range of 450e500C.This research focuses on the primary physicochemical properties and biochar components,allowing biochar to become a vital material to support sustainable agriculture and the environment.Biochar properties used for agriculture consist of specific surface area,total pore volume,average pore diameter,pH,electrical conductivity(EC),and cation exchange capacity(CEC).The prop-erties that benefit the environmental purposes are the element:carbon(C),hydrogen(H),nitrogen(N),oxygen(O),and the molar ratio of H/C,O/C,and C/N.The study found that all five types of biochar contained suitable properties for soil amendment and carbon sequestration.However,significant dif-ferences were shown in specific surface area,average pore diameter,pH,CEC,and EC of various biochar.Based on O/C and H/C ratios,all five types of biochar persisted in soil from 100 to over 1,000 years.展开更多
Hydrogen production from food waste,cattle manure,potato pulp and pig manure was optimized through using mixture design in this study.The synergic and antagonistic effects of the four substrates on hydrogen yield,subs...Hydrogen production from food waste,cattle manure,potato pulp and pig manure was optimized through using mixture design in this study.The synergic and antagonistic effects of the four substrates on hydrogen yield,substrate conversion efficiency and pH were evaluated.The results showed that the optimal proportion of food waste,cattle manure,potato pulp and pig manure were 61.6%,38.4%,0,and 0,respectively.Under the optimal condition,hydrogen yield of 21.0 mL/g VS with VS reduction of 29.4%and pH of 5 could be obtained.The interaction between food waste and cattle manure had strongest synergistic effects.Hydrogen was mainly produced by acetic-butyric metabolic pathway,and ammonification of protein played an important role in the maintenance of pH.展开更多
This work explores the feasibility of Jerusalem artichoke stem （JAS）, an agricultural waste, as an alternative precursor for fabrication of mesoporous activated carbon （MAC） via conventional ZnC12 activation. The ...This work explores the feasibility of Jerusalem artichoke stem （JAS）, an agricultural waste, as an alternative precursor for fabrication of mesoporous activated carbon （MAC） via conventional ZnC12 activation. The as-prepared JAS-MACs were characterized by thermogravimetric, nitrogen gas adsorption isotherm and high resolution scanning electron microscopy analysis. The interacting effects of chemical dosage, activation temperature and time on the mesoporosity, mesopore volume and carbon yield were investigated, and further optimized by response surface methodology （RSM）. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, mesoporosity and mesopore volume of the JAS-MAC prepared under optimum condition were identified to be 1631 m^2·g ^-1, 90.16% and 1.11 cm3·g ^-1, respectively. Compared with commercial activated carbons, this carbon exhibited a comparable monolayer adsorption capacity of 374.5 mg .g 1 for Methylene Blue dye. The findings suggest that RSM could be an effective approach for optimizing the pore structure of fabricated activated carbons.展开更多
Combustible agricultural waste is a potential source of energy because of its high organic content and heating value.As China’s economy develops,energy demand increases while environmental protection becomes more str...Combustible agricultural waste is a potential source of energy because of its high organic content and heating value.As China’s economy develops,energy demand increases while environmental protection becomes more stringent.These competing demands make it urgent to find environmentally acceptable ways to extract energy from agricultural wastes.In this study,a liquid catalyst flow fuel cell(FFC)directly powered by combustible agricultural waste is investigated.This type of flow fuel cell can directly convert combustible agricultural waste at atmospheric pressure to electricity at 80-150℃and it is environmentally friendly.Polyoxometalates act as catalysts and charge carriers to drive the FFC.Wheat straw and wine residues were used to represent the main components of combustible agricultural waste.Experiment results indicated that the power density reached as high as 111 mW/cm^(2),hundreds of times higher than the output of a microbial cell.展开更多
Two-phase anaerobic digestion process is influenced by acid control for hydrogen production, reaction temperature, substrate detention time, sludge activity, and granular formation. Al of these technological parameter...Two-phase anaerobic digestion process is influenced by acid control for hydrogen production, reaction temperature, substrate detention time, sludge activity, and granular formation. Al of these technological parameters are directly related to success or failure of the system operation and treatment effect.展开更多
文摘Wollastonite, a mineral of wide industrial applications was synthesised from rice husk ash silica and limestone. A number of raw batches consisting of these starting materials, in 1:1 molar ratio, were heat treated to produce it through solid state reaction from 900℃ to 1300℃. The conducted reaction was monitored by XRD step by step. Amount of Wollastonite formed at every temperature was also studied to some extent. Analyses of the obtained data indicated that the target mineral formation was quite effective and almost proportional to a rise in temperature up to 1200℃. The results from both, XRD and chemical analysis were found in fair agreement with one another
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.40771185,No.51004053)Li Shang-da Scientific Research Foundation of Jimei University,China(No.ZC2011015)
文摘Abilities of agricultural waste materials (walnut shell-WS, rice husk-RH, and peanut hull-PH) were tested as adsorbents for the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the adsorption kinetics mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ) effect of adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and temperature. The best results are obtained at 15g/L adsorbent concentration, 60min contact time, 298K temperature, and 50mg/L adsorbate initial concentration at pH 2. The adsorption isotherms, using initial concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) between 10 and 500mg/L for the Cr(Ⅵ) removal, show the maximum metal uptake capacities of adsorbent were 10.48, 6.71, and 8.54mg/g for WS, RH, and PH, respectively. And the adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm for WS, RH, and PH with correlation coefficients of 0.9862, 0.9723, and 0.9714, respectively. Moreover, the FTIR analysis of WS, RH, and PH before and after adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) suggested that Cr ions were combined to some functional groups of compounds contained in these materials.
基金Supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(JSPS KAKENHI(B),22300247)
文摘In China, the heating energy consumption patterns of rural housing are changing due to economic development. This study investigated domestic heating in rural areas of Dalian, a city in northeast China. In rural areas of the country, heating devices such as coal boiler, radiator, and/ or air-conditioner are typically used. The Kang, as the main heating system, has been used together with other heating methods for a long time in detached houses, one-story buildings, and quadrangles. Use of the Kang in collective housing is no longer observed. In addition to coal, agricultural wastes have been used to fuel the Kang; the associated CO2 emissions with agricultural fuels are lower than from other heating equipment. Even when a combination of the Kang and other equipment is used, with agricultural waste as fuel, CO2 emissions remain relatively low.
基金support from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M590783)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education of China(KF2015013)
文摘Owing to its subtropical or tropical environment and climate,South China is home to unique agricultural crops such as sugar cane,pineapple,banana,cassava,and rice,which generate a large amount of lignocellulosic agricultural wastes during agricultural as well as associated industrial processing.The efficient utilization of these wastes will have a significant impact on the economy and sustainable development of South China.This paper reviews the research investigations conducted both in China and elsewhere on the conversion of wastes from these subtropical or tropical agricultural crops into useful chemicals,energy,and biomaterials.The goal of this paper is to promote and summarize the extensive investigations on these agricultural wastes for the development of biorefinery.
基金financially supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52034001 and 51734001)the Innovation Team in Key Fields of Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No. 2018RA400)+2 种基金the 111 Project (No. B20041)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. FRF-TP-18-003C1)China Scholarship Council (No. 202006460037)
文摘Effects of residues produced by agricultural wastes fermentation(AWF)on low grade copper sulfide ores bioleaching,copper recovery,and microbial community were investigated.The results indicated that adding appropriate bulk of AWF made contributions to low grade copper sulfide ores bioleaching,which may be mainly realized through reducing the passivation layer formed by Fe3+hydrolysis.Improved copper recovery(78.35%)and bacteria concentration(9.56×10^(7)cells·mL^(−1))were yielded in the presence of 5 g·L^(−1)AWF.The result of 16S rDNA analysis demonstrated that microbial community was differentiated by adding AWF.Bacteria proportion,such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,Moraxella osloensis,and Lactobacillus acetotolerans changed distinctly.Great difference between samples was showed according to beta diversity index,and the maximum value reached 0.375.Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans accounted for the highest proportion throughout the bioleaching process,and that of sample in the presence of 5 g·L^(−) AWF reached 28.63%.The results should show reference to application of agricultural wastes and low grade copper sulfide ores.
文摘Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer was cultivated on selected agro wastes viz. cotton stalks, groundnut haulms, soybean straw, pigeon pea stalks; leaves; wheat straw, alone or in combinations. Cotton stalks, pigeon pea stalks; wheat straw alone or in combination were found to be more suitable than groundnut haulms; soybean straw for the cultivation. Organic supplements such as groundnut oilseed cake, gram powder; rice bran not only affected growth parameters but also increased yields. Thus bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass by P. sajor-caju offers a promising way to convert low quality biomass into an improved human food.
文摘Agricultural waste straw is the renewable resource with the highest annual yield in the world.In value-added applications of agricultural waste,dicarboxyl cellulose nanocrystals(DCCs)are prepared from rice,wheat,and corn straw by sequential periodate-chlorite oxidation.In this study,DCCs from rice,wheat,and corn straw were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,X-ray diffractometer(XRD),and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA).The carboxyl content of the DCCs was also investigated.XRD results show that the crystallinity index decreased after sequential periodate-chlorite oxidation;however,the cellulose I structure was maintained.TEM results show that rod-shaped DCCs with an average length and width of 287.0 nm and 9.9 nm,respectively,were successfully prepared by sequential periodate-chlorite oxidation.The carboxyl content of the DCCs was around 3.9 mmol/g,and not affected by the type of straw.Experiments to study the removal of copper ions in aqueous medium were performed with the prepared DCCs.The adsorption capacities of copper ions were 131,162,and 144 mg/g for DCCs prepared from rice,wheat,and corn straws,respectively.The results show that DCCs prepared from rice,wheat,and corn straws by sequential periodatechlorite oxidation have potential for the removal of copper ions from aqueous medium.
基金This study is supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFS0284,2018SZDZX0026,2021YFS0289)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment(South China Normal University),Ministry of Education(20200103).
文摘With the increase of global proportion of soil pollution and the number of areas at risk,researchers have sought to develop various pathways to repair or relieve the pollutants in soil.Among them,biochar represents one multi-dimensional soil amendment which has got great deal of attention on its physicochemical properties towards the removal or mitigation of contaminants in soil.A variety of agricultural wastes like straw and manure prepared from different torrefaction process have been employed as feedstock for the production of biochar,which can be applied to the contaminated soil to facilitate the growing environment for crops,and to improve soil fertility and microbial environment.In addition,the utilization of biochar for soil remediation is also considered as a pro-cess of carbon sequestration.The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest research progress in torrefac-tion processes and mechanism of agricultural waste,the effects of different torrefaction methods on the formation and properties of biochar were explained,coupled with the effects of process parameters.Especially,the conver-sion and mechanisms of biochar prepared from agricultural wastes composed mainly with lignocellulosic material were discussed,and the characteristics of biochar prepared for improving soil physical and chemical character-istics,microbial community characteristics,nutrients,and the stability and relief of soil pollutants,especially heavy metals,are compared.Finally,this work discussed the application and future technical challenges of soil remediation based on agricultural waste derived biochar.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Research Item of Hubei Provincial Department of Education,China(B20121208)
文摘Energy utilization is high-value use pattern of agricultural waste, and is main development direction of agricultural biomass energy industry in China. Planting and breeding industry in Hubei Province occupies important position in whole country. Agricultural waste resources are rich, and it has huge potential for developing agriculturel biomass energy. By statistical data during 2000 -2011, we analyzed current situation and problem for energy utilization of agricultural waste in Hubei Province, and put forward several countermeasures and suggestions, vigorously promoting energy utilization of agricultural waste.
文摘Biomethane potential production from cashew nut hulls, an agricultural waste, was carried out using old and fresh hulls as substrates. Samples were taken from old hulls (around 8 years old) and fresh hulls produced in cashew scale transformation units at Bobo Dioulasso/Burkina Faso. Physicochemical parameters showed that cashew hulls can be </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">good candidate for anaerobic digestion. But high acidity, total phenols and lignin tenor could be a constraint for anaerobic bacteria. Theoretical biochemical methane potential showed high value of 666</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">937 CH</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. (Kg VS)</span><sup><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 526</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">206 CH</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. (Kg VS)</span><sup><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for crushed fresh and powdered old hulls, respectively. Experimental biochemical methane potential showed significantly low potential of</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">1.982 CH</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. (Kg VM)</span><sup><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 46.840 CH</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. (Kg VM)</span><sup><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fresh </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and hold hulls</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, respectively</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Pretreatment for optimization, chemical composition and co-digestion system must be expected for a better anaerobic digestion performance.
文摘The importance and the necessary of researches on renewable energy have become a hot topic in recent years due to climate change and global warming. In addition, the fossil fuel reserves is facing rapid depletion on the earth. Currently, most researches have concentrated on producing biogas for heating, lighting, drying, cooking but lack in researching on electricity production because the possibility of producing biogas at households are common at small scale. Studying on alternative energy sources to replace traditional fuel for electric power generation brings new chances and great opportunities for development. This study presents an assessment electric power generation via water hyacinths and agricultural waste. In this paper, the evaluation electric power is generated by operating internal combustion engines which use biogas fuel to replace traditional fuel （diesel, gasoline）. The results of the studies were demonstrated by experiments on the renewable energy production system at Hoa An Biotechnology Research and Experimental Center of Cantho University.
文摘This article returns to the topic of sustainability. West Texas, mainly known for its cotton and cattle production, is facing problems related to the dispensation of agricultural waste produced by these operations. The article looks at the ways of handling agricultural waste and the opportunities of dispensing it in West Texas. Since between 30 - 40 percent of food produced in the US is not consumed, reduction of food waste is another sustainability problem that, when solved, would lead to the reduction of agricultural production and, in turn, the reduction of agricultural waste. Waste reduction management practices of large food chain stores in West Texas are discussed, with a final goal of bringing waste to a zero level. Public sources of sustainable agricultural and non-agricultural waste handling are also mentioned. This research adds to the previous knowledge on sustainability by discussing agricultural waste practices of a specific local area, i.e. West Texas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52379042)Key R&D plan of Gansu Province(Grant No.23YFFA0019)Gansu Province East-West Cooperation Project(Grant No.23CXNA0025).
文摘This study aimed to enhance the utilization of agricultural waste and identify the most suitable agricultural waste materials for tomato cultivation. It utilized a locally modified substrate labeled as CK, along with five different groups of agricultural waste materials, designated as T1 (organic fertilizer: loessial soil: straw in a ratio of 4:5:1), T2 (organic fertilizer: loessial soil: straw: grains in a ratio of 3:5:1:1), T3 (organic fertilizer: loessial soil: straw: grains in a ratio of 2:5:1:2), T4 (organic fertilizer:loessial soil:straw:grains in a ratio of 1:5:1:3), and T5 ( loessial soil:straw:grains in a ratio of 5:1:4), the AquaCrop model was employed to validate soil water content and tomato growth and yield under these treatments. Furthermore, a multi-objective genetic algorithm was employed to determine the optimal agricultural waste materials that would ensure maximum tomato yield, water use efficiency (WUE), partial factor productivity of fertilizer (PFP) and sugar-acid ratio. The results indicated that the AquaCrop model reasonably simulated volumetric soil water content, tomato canopy cover, and biomass, with root mean square error (RMSE) ranges of 20.0-69.4 mm, 15.2%-25.1%, and 1.093-3.469 t/hm2, respectively. The CK group exhibited an R-squared (R2) value of 0.63 for volumetric soil water contents, while the ratio scenarios showed R2 values exceeding 0.80. The multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm identified T5 as the optimal ratio scenario, resulting in maximum tomato yield, WUE, PFP, and quality. This study offers a theoretical foundation for the efficient utilization of agricultural wastes and the production of high-quality fruits and vegetables.
基金supported by the Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China(18ZDA048).
文摘Agricultural plastics play a pivotal role in agricultural production.However,due to expensive costs,agricultural plastic waste management(APWM)encounters a vast funding gap.As one of the crucial stakeholders,the public deserves to make appropriate efforts for APWM.Accordingly,identifying whether the public is willing to pay for APWM and clarifying the decisions’driving pathways to explore initiatives for promoting their payment intentions are essential to address the dilemma confronting APWM.To this end,by applying the extended theory of planned behavior(TPB),the study conducted an empirical analysis based on 1,288 residents from four provinces(autonomous regions)of northern China.Results illustrate that:1)respondents hold generally positive and relatively strong payment willingness towards APWM;2)respondents’attitude(AT),subjective norm(SN),and perceived behavioral control(PBC)are positively correlated with their payment intentions(INT);3)environmental cognition(EC)and environmental emotion(EE)positively moderate the relationships between AT and INT,and between SN and INT,posing significant indirect impacts on INT.The study’s implications extend to informing government policies,suggesting that multi-entity cooperation,specifically public payment for APWM,can enhance agricultural non-point waste management.
基金financially supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program(No.2012BAJ25B04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41072172+4 种基金511380094110148021246001)the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation(No.PCRRY11004)New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-11-0391) and Tongji University Excellent Young Talents Training Fund
文摘Due to their widespread use, clofibric acid （CA） and carbamazepine （CBZ） have been frequently detected simultaneously at relatively high concentrations in aquatic environments. In this study, agricultural waste rice straw was employed as a potentially low-cost, effective and easy-to-operate biosorbent （RSB） to remove CA and CBZ. The adsorption of both pharmaceuticals followed pseudo second-order kinetics, and intraparticle diffusion was an important rate-limiting step. The adsorption isotherms of both drugs were fit well with Freundlich model. The adsorption of CA onto RSB was exothermic and was more likely to be dominated by physical processes, while the adsorption of CBZ was endothermic. Solution pH was determined to be the most important factor for CA adsorption, such that the adsorption capacity of CA onto RSB increased with the decline of solution pH. In the lower range of solution pH below 3. l, the CA removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of biosorbent dosage. The CBZ removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of RSB dosage without pH control. The maximum adsorption capacities were 126.3 mg/g for CA and 40.0 mg/g for CBZ.
基金the project"innovation in Increasing the Organic Carbon in Soil for Sustainable Agricultural Purpose in Saline Soil Areas:First-Year Pilot Project at the Lam Takong Watershed"Ratchadaphisek Somphot Endowment Fund(2014),Chulalongkorn University(CU-57-090-CC).
文摘Lignocellulosic biomass can be circulated to produce many materials and products,including biochar.This study analyzed five different types of biochar produced from agricultural wastes and wood residues.The raw materials included three agricultural by-products:corncob,cassava rhizome,rice husk,and two types of wood residues:rain tree(Samanea saman(Jacq.)Merr.)and krachid(Streblus ilicifolius(Vidal)Corner.).The biochar were made in patented retorts with locally-appropriated technology at a temper-ature range of 450e500C.This research focuses on the primary physicochemical properties and biochar components,allowing biochar to become a vital material to support sustainable agriculture and the environment.Biochar properties used for agriculture consist of specific surface area,total pore volume,average pore diameter,pH,electrical conductivity(EC),and cation exchange capacity(CEC).The prop-erties that benefit the environmental purposes are the element:carbon(C),hydrogen(H),nitrogen(N),oxygen(O),and the molar ratio of H/C,O/C,and C/N.The study found that all five types of biochar contained suitable properties for soil amendment and carbon sequestration.However,significant dif-ferences were shown in specific surface area,average pore diameter,pH,CEC,and EC of various biochar.Based on O/C and H/C ratios,all five types of biochar persisted in soil from 100 to over 1,000 years.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51506027)”Young Talents”Project of Northeast Agricultural University(Grant No.16QC18).
文摘Hydrogen production from food waste,cattle manure,potato pulp and pig manure was optimized through using mixture design in this study.The synergic and antagonistic effects of the four substrates on hydrogen yield,substrate conversion efficiency and pH were evaluated.The results showed that the optimal proportion of food waste,cattle manure,potato pulp and pig manure were 61.6%,38.4%,0,and 0,respectively.Under the optimal condition,hydrogen yield of 21.0 mL/g VS with VS reduction of 29.4%and pH of 5 could be obtained.The interaction between food waste and cattle manure had strongest synergistic effects.Hydrogen was mainly produced by acetic-butyric metabolic pathway,and ammonification of protein played an important role in the maintenance of pH.
基金Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 41171248） and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation fimded project （2012M511330）.
文摘This work explores the feasibility of Jerusalem artichoke stem （JAS）, an agricultural waste, as an alternative precursor for fabrication of mesoporous activated carbon （MAC） via conventional ZnC12 activation. The as-prepared JAS-MACs were characterized by thermogravimetric, nitrogen gas adsorption isotherm and high resolution scanning electron microscopy analysis. The interacting effects of chemical dosage, activation temperature and time on the mesoporosity, mesopore volume and carbon yield were investigated, and further optimized by response surface methodology （RSM）. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, mesoporosity and mesopore volume of the JAS-MAC prepared under optimum condition were identified to be 1631 m^2·g ^-1, 90.16% and 1.11 cm3·g ^-1, respectively. Compared with commercial activated carbons, this carbon exhibited a comparable monolayer adsorption capacity of 374.5 mg .g 1 for Methylene Blue dye. The findings suggest that RSM could be an effective approach for optimizing the pore structure of fabricated activated carbons.
文摘Combustible agricultural waste is a potential source of energy because of its high organic content and heating value.As China’s economy develops,energy demand increases while environmental protection becomes more stringent.These competing demands make it urgent to find environmentally acceptable ways to extract energy from agricultural wastes.In this study,a liquid catalyst flow fuel cell(FFC)directly powered by combustible agricultural waste is investigated.This type of flow fuel cell can directly convert combustible agricultural waste at atmospheric pressure to electricity at 80-150℃and it is environmentally friendly.Polyoxometalates act as catalysts and charge carriers to drive the FFC.Wheat straw and wine residues were used to represent the main components of combustible agricultural waste.Experiment results indicated that the power density reached as high as 111 mW/cm^(2),hundreds of times higher than the output of a microbial cell.
基金Supported by Yunnan S&T Innovation Platform Construction Project(2013DH041)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51366015)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20135303110001)~~
文摘Two-phase anaerobic digestion process is influenced by acid control for hydrogen production, reaction temperature, substrate detention time, sludge activity, and granular formation. Al of these technological parameters are directly related to success or failure of the system operation and treatment effect.
