Entering into the 1990s, Chinese scientists have made mice, drosophila and silkworm eggs experiments in space with satellites and achieved remarkable results. These animals were put in space environment units with the...Entering into the 1990s, Chinese scientists have made mice, drosophila and silkworm eggs experiments in space with satellites and achieved remarkable results. These animals were put in space environment units with the ability of adjusting pressure, temperature and moisture control, air conditioning and purifying as well as foods and water supply. After 8-days’ flight, all performance parameters were normal and met the design requirements. The two mice kept alive for 5 days and 10 hours展开更多
Titanium rods were processed into implant samples with cavity and groove in which was filled with HAP/β-TCP porous osteoconduction composite materials in order to increase the mechanical stability of the implant in v...Titanium rods were processed into implant samples with cavity and groove in which was filled with HAP/β-TCP porous osteoconduction composite materials in order to increase the mechanical stability of the implant in vivo.The phase compositions of the composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Histological evaluation showed that the biogradable composite could enhanced the ability of new bone formation.The composite can conduct new bone tissue growing into the cavities gradually after implanted into animal,and then achieve mechanical fixation.The filling biogradable compound exhibited excellent biocompatibility,which combined with the new bone tissues tightly without inflammation and loosing.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the antifibrotic effect ofdifferent doses of recombinant human Gamma-Interferon (IFN-γ) intwo rat models of hepaticfibrosis, and to observe its effect on moderatechronic hepatitis B virus fibrosis.MET...AIM To evaluate the antifibrotic effect ofdifferent doses of recombinant human Gamma-Interferon (IFN-γ) intwo rat models of hepaticfibrosis, and to observe its effect on moderatechronic hepatitis B virus fibrosis.METNODS Hepatic fibrosis was successfullyinduced in 150 and 196 rats by subcutaneousinjection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) andintraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine(DMN), respectively. Each of the two modeldose IFN-γ group (15 MU/kg per day, i.m. for 8group (1.67 MU/kg daily, i.m. for 8 weeks).Another group of 10 rats without any treatmentwas used as normal controls. At the end of theexperiment, semi-quantitative histopathologicalscores of inflammation and fibrosis, liver (αsmooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression level,liver hydroxyl proline content and serumhyaluronic acid levels were compared. And 47medium chronic hepatitis B viral fibrosispatients were studied. They were given IFN-γtreatment, 100MU/day i.m. for the first threemonths and 100MU qod i.m. for the next sixmonths. Semi-quantitative pathological scoresof inflammation and fibrosis and serum hepaticfibrosis indices were compared within the 9months.RESULTS In animal experiment, thepathological fibrosis scores and liver hydroxylproline content were found to be significantlylower in rats treated with different doses of IFN-γ as compared with rats in fibrotic model groupinduced by either CCI4 or DMN, in a dose-dependent manner. For CCI4-induced model,pathological fibrosis scores in high, medium andIow doses IFN-γ groups were 5.10 ± 2.88, 7.70 ±3.53 and 8.00 ± 3.30, respectively, but the scorewas 14.60 ± 7.82 in fibrotic model group.Hydroxyl proline contents were 2.83 ± 1.18, 3.59± 1.22 and 4.80 ± 1.62, in the three IFN-γgroups, and 10.01 ± 3.23 in fibrotic model group.The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01). Similar results were found in DMN-induced model. Pathological fibrosis scoreswere 6.30±0.48, 8.10 ±2.72 and 8.30 ±2.58, inhigh, medium and Iow doses IFN-γ groups, and12.60 ± 3.57 in fibrotic model group. Hydroxylproline contents were 2.72 ± 0.58, 3.14 ± 0.71and 3.62 ± 1.02, in the three IFN-γ groups, and12.79 ± 1.54 in fibrotic model group. Thedifference was statistically significant(P＜0.01). Serum hepatic fibrosis indicesdecreased significantly in the 47 patients afterIFN-γ treatment (HA: 433.38 ± 373.00 vs 281.57± 220.48; LN: 161.22± 41.02 vs 146.35 ± 44.67;PCⅢ: 192.59 ± 89.95 vs 156.98 ± 49.22; C-Ⅳ:156.30 ± 44.01 vs 139.14 ± 34.47) and thedifferences between the four indices weresignificant (P＜0.05). Thirty-three patientsCONCLUSION All the three doses of IFN-γ areeffective in treating rat liver fibrosis induced byeither CCl4 or DMN, the higher the dose, thebetter the effect. And IFN-γ is effective forpatients with moderate chronic hepatitis B viralfibrosis.展开更多
AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of a novel enteroscope,negative-pressure suction endoscope in examining the small intestine of a porcine model.METHODS In vitro experiments in small intestinal loops from 20pig...AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of a novel enteroscope,negative-pressure suction endoscope in examining the small intestine of a porcine model.METHODS In vitro experiments in small intestinal loops from 20pigs and in vivo experiments in 20 living pigs were conducted.RESULTS In in vitro experiments,a negative pressure of>0.06MPa was necessary for optimal visualization of the intestine,and this pressure did not cause gross or histological damage to the mucosa.For satisfactory examination of the small intestine in vivo,higher negative pressure(>1.00 MPa)was required.Despite this higher pressure,the small intestine did not show any gross or microscopic damage in the suctioned areas.The average time of examination in the living animals was 60±7.67 min.The animals did not experience any apparent ill effects from the procedure.CONCLUSION Small intestine endoscope was safely performed within a reasonable time period and enabled complete visualization of the intestine in most cases.展开更多
Background:To explore active components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)and its underlying complex mechanism in treating blood deficiency induced by chemotherapy drug based on network pharmacology and mice experimental valida...Background:To explore active components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)and its underlying complex mechanism in treating blood deficiency induced by chemotherapy drug based on network pharmacology and mice experimental validation.Methods:Active components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)were screened by Lipinski’s rule of five.Targets acted with active components were predicted by PharmMapper database,and targets whose function associated with blood deficiency were screened by Therapeutic Target Database and UniProt.The networks of component-target and target-pathway were constructed by Cytoscape.The levels of peripheral blood and organ indexes were detected in the animal experiments.Results:One hundred and seventy-three components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)were collected,and 60 active components were screened according to the rule of five.According to the degree value of compounds,the top 5 compounds were docosyl trans ferulate,C32 decursin,agrimonolide 6-O-β-D-glucoside,degree=11,173-ethoxyphaeophorbide,and eugenol.Finally,59 targets associated with blood deficiency were obtained and the top 5 targets were MAPK14,TTR,CDK2,AKR1B1 and AR.Based on the interaction network of componenttarget and target-pathway,it’s found that 60 active components could act with 59 targets and 44 pathways for treating blood deficiency.And then,the mice experiments showed that Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)could enrich blood by increasing the levels of red blood cell,white blood cell,hemoglobin,red blood cell specific volume and platelet,and the indexes of liver,thymus and spleen,which validated the treating effect of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba).Conclusion:In this study,a network pharmacology approach and animal experiments were established to explore the nourishing blood effect of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba).The results demonstrated that Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)could improve blood deficiency and provide a theoretical basis for the further research on the in-depth mechanism of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba).展开更多
Objective : The aim of this project was to train highly professional and specialized nursing students from medical colleges to adapt to bedside clinical care by exploring and discussing various methods of injection an...Objective : The aim of this project was to train highly professional and specialized nursing students from medical colleges to adapt to bedside clinical care by exploring and discussing various methods of injection and IV infusion in animal experimentation to hone the core professional nursing competencies.Methods: Two classes from the 2012 senior graduating nursing class were randomly selected by a computer to conduct the diversified practical teaching methods based on animal experimentation.A hospital environment was simulated by requiring students to perform different types of injections and practical IV infusion techniques. A comprehensive evaluation of the core professional competencies,as well as other integrated competencies, was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the teaching methods.Results: Two-sampled, pairwise u-tests were performed between the scores of the experimental( nursing class 2) and control( nursing class 1) groups. These findings showed that the overall test scores were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group and that the average P-values for the competencies in various categories were < 0. 01, which indicated statistically significant results.Conclusions: Based on the data from this project, diversified teaching methods for basic nursing training founded on animal experimentation can help nursing students perfect their core professional competencies and improve their overall professional standing. The introduction of animal experimentation requires further verification, and an increased acknowledgement of its benefits through the widespread dissemination of this information.展开更多
Objective: To explore the feasibility of the full automatic animal experimental cabin to establish the animal models in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic and high carbon dioxide environment. Methods: Sixty SPF-class male D...Objective: To explore the feasibility of the full automatic animal experimental cabin to establish the animal models in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic and high carbon dioxide environment. Methods: Sixty SPF-class male DS rats were divided into 2 groups, 20 for normobaric, hypoxic conditions and the other 40 for hypobaric, hypoxic conditions. For each group, the pulmonary arterial pressure and carotid arterial pressure indicators of rats were examined by using the physiological multi-detector, and the pulmonary vascular changes in the structure were observed. Results: The normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment can promote the formation of pulmonary hypertension and accelerate changes in pulmonary vascular remodeling, and promote the right ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion: Clinical applications showed that the animal experimental cabin has observed and controlled accurately. The result was safe, reliable and reproducible. The cabin can successfully establish the pulmonary hypertension model in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment, and in order to study the physiological mechanism of a variety of circulation and respiratory diseases caused by lack of oxygen, which provided an experimental technology platform for clinical research.展开更多
Objective: To explore the feasibility of the full automatic animal experimental cabin to establish the animal models in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic and high carbon dioxide environment. Methods: 60 SPF-class male SD r...Objective: To explore the feasibility of the full automatic animal experimental cabin to establish the animal models in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic and high carbon dioxide environment. Methods: 60 SPF-class male SD rats were divided into two groups, 20 for normobaric, hypoxic conditions and the other 40 for hypobaric, hypoxic conditions. For each group, we examined the pulmonary arterial pressure and carotid arterial pressure indicators of rats by using the physiological multi-detector measurement, and observed the pulmonary vascular changes in the structure. Results:The normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment can promote the formation of pulmonary hypertension and accelerate changes in pulmonary vascular remodeling, and promote the right ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion: Clinical applications showed that the animal experimental cabin has observed and controlled accurately. The result was safe, reliable and reproducible. The cabin can successfully establish the pulmonary hypertension model in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment, and in order to study the physiological mechanism of a variety of circulation and respiratory diseases caused by lack of oxygen, which provided an experimental technology platform for clinical research.展开更多
AIM To investigate the individual and thecombined effects of glutamine, dietary fiber,and growth hormone on the structural adaptationof the remnant small bowel.METHODS Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwen...AIM To investigate the individual and thecombined effects of glutamine, dietary fiber,and growth hormone on the structural adaptationof the remnant small bowel.METHODS Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 85% mid-small bowel( TPN ) support during the first threepostoperational days. From the 4thpostoperational day, animals were randomlyassigned to receive 7 different treatments for 8days: TPNcon group, receiving TPN and enteral20 g.L- 1 glycine perfusion; TPN + Gin group,receiving TPN and enteral 20 g.L-1 glutamineperfusion; ENcon group, receiving enteralnutrition (EN) fortified with 20 g@L-1 glycine; EN+ Gin group, enteral nutrition fortified with20g. L-1 glutamine; EN + Fib group, enteralnutrition and 2 g. d- 1 oral soybean fiber; EN + GHgroup, enteral nutrition and subcutaneousgrowth hormone (GH) (0.31U) injection twicedaily; and ENint group, glutamine-enriched EN.oral soybean fiber, and subcutaneous GHinjection.RESULTS Enteral glutamine perfusion duringTPN increased the small intestinal villus height(jejunal villus height 250 μm ±29 μm in TPNconvs 330 μm ± 54 μm in TPN + Gin, ileal villus height260μm±28μm in TPNcon vs 330 μm±22μm inTPN + Gin, P＜0.05) and mucosa thickness( jejunal mucosa thickness 360 μm ± 32 μm inTPNcon vs 460 μm ± 65 μm in TPN + Gin, ilealmucosa thickness 400 μm ± 25 μm in TPNcon vs490μm ± 11 μm in TPN + Gin, P＜0.05) incomparison with the TPNcon group. Either fibersupplementation or GH administration improvedbody mass gain (end body weight 270 g ± 3.6 g inEN+Fib, 265.7 g ± 3.3 g in EN+GH, vs 257g±3.3g in ENcon, P＜0.05), elevated plasmainsulin-like growth factor ( IGF-Ⅰ ) level(880 μg. L-1 ± 52 μg. L-1 in EN + Fib, 1200 μg. L-1± 96 μg. L- 1 in EN ± GH, vs 620 μg. L-1 ±43 μg. L-1 in ENcon, P＜0.05), and increased thevillus height (jejunum 560 μm ± 44 μm in EN ± Fib,530 μm± 30 μm in EN ± GH, vs 450 μm ± 44 μm inENcon, ileum 400 μm ± 30 μm in EN + Fib, 380 μm±49 μm in EN± GH, vs 320 μm± 16 μm in ENcon,P＜0.05) and the mucosa thickness (jejunum740 μm ± 66 μm in EN ± Fib, 705 μm ± 27 μm in EN ±GH, vs 608 μm ± 58 μm in ENcon, ileum 570 μm ±27 μm in EN ± Fib, 560 μm ± 56 μm in EN ± GH, vs480μm ± 40 μm in ENcon, P＜0.05) in remnantjejunum and ileum. Glutamine-enriched ENproduced little effect in body mass, plasma IGF-Ⅰ level, and remnant small bowel mucosalstructure. The ENint group had greater bodymass (280g ± 2.2g), plasma IGF-Ⅰ level(1450g@L-1 ± 137g. L 1), and villus height(jejunum 620 μm ± 56 μm, ileum 450 um ± 31 μm)and mucosal thickness (jejunum 800 μm ± 52 μm,ileum 633 μm± 33 μm) than those in ENcon, EN +Gin (jejunum villus height and mucosa thickness450 μm ± 47 μm and 610 μm ± 63 μm, ileum villusheight and mucosa thickness 330 μm ± 39 μm and500 μm± 52 μm), EN + GH groups (P＜0.05), andthan those in EN + Fib group although nostatistical significance was attained.CONCLUSION Both dietary fiber and GH whenused separately can enhance the postresectionalsmall bowel structural adaptation. Simultaneoususe of these two gut-trophic factors can producesynergistic effects on small bowel structuraladaptation. Enteral glutamine perfusion isbeneficial in preserving small bowel mucosalstructure during TPN, but has little beneficialeffect during EN.展开更多
Animal models are extensively used in all aspects of biomedical research,with substantial contributions to our understanding of diseases,the development of pharmaceuticals,and the exploration of gene functions.The fie...Animal models are extensively used in all aspects of biomedical research,with substantial contributions to our understanding of diseases,the development of pharmaceuticals,and the exploration of gene functions.The field of genome modification in rabbits has progressed slowly.However,recent advancements,particularly in CRISPR/Cas9-related technologies,have catalyzed the successful development of various genome-edited rabbit models to mimic diverse diseases,including cardiovascular disorders,immunodeficiencies,agingrelated ailments,neurological diseases,and ophthalmic pathologies.These models hold great promise in advancing biomedical research due to their closer physiological and biochemical resemblance to humans compared to mice.This review aims to summarize the novel gene-editing approaches currently available for rabbits and present the applications and prospects of such models in biomedicine,underscoring their impact and future potential in translational medicine.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse ...Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse the disease itself.Stem cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.Mesenchymal stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns,a lower risk of immune rejection,and a lower risk of teratogenicity.We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function,memory,and preservation of dopamine rgic neurons in a Parkinson’s disease animal model.We searched bibliographic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,CENTRAL,Scopus,and Web of Science)to identify articles and included only pee r-reviewed in vivo interve ntional animal studies published in any language through J une 28,2023.The study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95%confidence intervals(CI)of the standard mean differences(SMD)between the treatment and control groups.We use the systematic review center for laboratory animal expe rimentation’s risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment.A total of 33studies with data from 840 Parkinson’s disease model animals were included in the meta-analysis.Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational test.Among the stem cell types,the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed la rgest effect size(SMD[95%CI]=-6.21[-9.50 to-2.93],P=0.0001,I^(2)=0.0%).The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopamine rgic neurons in the striatum([95%CI]=1.04[0.59 to 1.49],P=0.0001,I^(2)=65.1%)and substantia nigra(SMD[95%CI]=1.38[0.89 to 1.87],P=0.0001,I^(2)=75.3%),indicating a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons.Subgroup analysis of the amphetamine-induced rotation test showed a significant reduction only in the intracranial-striatum route(SMD[95%CI]=-2.59[-3.25 to-1.94],P=0.0001,I^(2)=74.4%).The memory test showed significant improvement only in the intravenous route(SMD[95%CI]=4.80[1.84 to 7.76],P=0.027,I^(2)=79.6%).Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to positively impact motor function and memory function and protect dopaminergic neurons in preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease.Further research is required to determine the optimal stem cell types,modifications,transplanted cell numbe rs,and delivery methods for these protocols.展开更多
Viral infections have led to many public health crises and pandemics in the last few centuries.Neurotropic virus infection-induced viral encephalitis(VE),especially the symptomatic inflammation of the meninges and bra...Viral infections have led to many public health crises and pandemics in the last few centuries.Neurotropic virus infection-induced viral encephalitis(VE),especially the symptomatic inflammation of the meninges and brain parenchyma,has attracted growing attention due to its high mortality and disability rates.Understanding the infectious routes of neurotropic viruses and the mechanism underlying the host immune response is critical to reduce viral spread and improve antiviral therapy outcomes.In this review,we summarize the common categories of neurotropic viruses,viral transmission routes in the body,host immune responses,and experimental animal models used for VE study to gain a deeper understanding of recent progress in the pathogenic and immunological mechanisms under neurotropic viral infection.This review should provide valuable resources and perspectives on how to cope with pandemic infections.展开更多
Powered by advanced information technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).In this context,computational experiments method has emerged as a nove...Powered by advanced information technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).In this context,computational experiments method has emerged as a novel approach for the design,analysis,management,control,and integration of CPSS,which can realize the causal analysis of complex systems by means of“algorithmization”of“counterfactuals”.However,because CPSS involve human and social factors(e.g.,autonomy,initiative,and sociality),it is difficult for traditional design of experiment(DOE)methods to achieve the generative explanation of system emergence.To address this challenge,this paper proposes an integrated approach to the design of computational experiments,incorporating three key modules:1)Descriptive module:Determining the influencing factors and response variables of the system by means of the modeling of an artificial society;2)Interpretative module:Selecting factorial experimental design solution to identify the relationship between influencing factors and macro phenomena;3)Predictive module:Building a meta-model that is equivalent to artificial society to explore its operating laws.Finally,a case study of crowd-sourcing platforms is presented to illustrate the application process and effectiveness of the proposed approach,which can reveal the social impact of algorithmic behavior on“rider race”.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products (ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mate...Food Science of Animal Products (ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mater...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials.展开更多
Deepsea mining has been proposed since the 1960s to alleviate the lack of resources on land.Vertical hydraulic transport of collected ores from the seabed to the sea surface is considered the most promising method for...Deepsea mining has been proposed since the 1960s to alleviate the lack of resources on land.Vertical hydraulic transport of collected ores from the seabed to the sea surface is considered the most promising method for industrial applications.In the present study,an indoor model test of the vertical hydraulic transport of particles was conducted.A noncontact optical method has been proposed to measure the local characteristics of the particles inside a vertical pipe,including the local concentration and particle velocity.The hydraulic gradient of ore transport was evaluated with various particle size distributions,particle densities,feeding concentrations and mixture flow velocities.During transport,the local concentration is larger than the feeding concentration,whereas the particle velocity is less than the mixture velocity.The qualitative effects of the local concentration and local fluid velocity on the particle velocity and slip velocity were investigated.The local fluid velocity contributes significantly to particle velocity and slip velocity,whereas the effect of the local concentration is marginal.A higher feeding concentration and mixture flow velocity result in an increased hydraulic gradient.The effect of the particle size gradation is slight,whereas the particle density plays a crucial role in the transport.展开更多
Photocatalysis,a critical strategy for harvesting sunlight to address energy demand and environmental concerns,is underpinned by the discovery of high-performance photocatalysts,thereby how to design photocatalysts is...Photocatalysis,a critical strategy for harvesting sunlight to address energy demand and environmental concerns,is underpinned by the discovery of high-performance photocatalysts,thereby how to design photocatalysts is now generating widespread interest in boosting the conversion effi-ciency of solar energy.In the past decade,computational technologies and theoretical simulations have led to a major leap in the development of high-throughput computational screening strategies for novel high-efficiency photocatalysts.In this viewpoint,we started with introducing the challenges of photocatalysis from the view of experimental practice,especially the inefficiency of the traditional“trial and error”method.Sub-sequently,a cross-sectional comparison between experimental and high-throughput computational screening for photocatalysis is presented and discussed in detail.On the basis of the current experimental progress in photocatalysis,we also exemplified the various challenges associated with high-throughput computational screening strategies.Finally,we offered a preferred high-throughput computational screening procedure for pho-tocatalysts from an experimental practice perspective(model construction and screening,standardized experiments,assessment and revision),with the aim of a better correlation of high-throughput simulations and experimental practices,motivating to search for better descriptors.展开更多
Huntington'sdisease(HD)isahereditary neurodegenerative disorder for which there is currently no effectivetreatmentavailable.Consequently,the development of appropriate disease models is critical to thoroughly inve...Huntington'sdisease(HD)isahereditary neurodegenerative disorder for which there is currently no effectivetreatmentavailable.Consequently,the development of appropriate disease models is critical to thoroughly investigate disease progression.The genetic basis of HD involves the abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin(HTT)gene,leading to the expansion of a polyglutamine repeat in the HTT protein.Mutant HTT carrying the expanded polyglutamine repeat undergoes misfolding and forms aggregates in the brain,which precipitate selective neuronal loss in specific brain regions.Animal models play an important role in elucidating the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as HD and in identifying potential therapeutic targets.Due to the marked species differences between rodents and larger animals,substantial efforts have been directed toward establishing large animal models for HD research.These models are pivotal for advancing the discovery of novel therapeutic targets,enhancing effective drug delivery methods,and improving treatment outcomes.We have explored the advantages of utilizing large animal models,particularly pigs,in previous reviews.Since then,however,significant progress has been made in developing more sophisticated animal models that faithfully replicate the typical pathology of HD.In the current review,we provide a comprehensive overview of large animal models of HD,incorporating recent findings regarding the establishment of HD knock-in(KI)pigs and their genetic therapy.We also explore the utilization of large animal models in HD research,with a focus on sheep,non-human primates(NHPs),and pigs.Our objective is to provide valuable insights into the application of these large animal models for the investigation and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.展开更多
Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and e...Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes,appropriate animal models are necessary.Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research.In this review,we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy,inner ear morphology,and electrophysiological characteristics,as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss.Additionally,we discuss the prospects,challenges,and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research.Overall,this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.展开更多
In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,...In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.展开更多
文摘Entering into the 1990s, Chinese scientists have made mice, drosophila and silkworm eggs experiments in space with satellites and achieved remarkable results. These animals were put in space environment units with the ability of adjusting pressure, temperature and moisture control, air conditioning and purifying as well as foods and water supply. After 8-days’ flight, all performance parameters were normal and met the design requirements. The two mice kept alive for 5 days and 10 hours
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50872099)
文摘Titanium rods were processed into implant samples with cavity and groove in which was filled with HAP/β-TCP porous osteoconduction composite materials in order to increase the mechanical stability of the implant in vivo.The phase compositions of the composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Histological evaluation showed that the biogradable composite could enhanced the ability of new bone formation.The composite can conduct new bone tissue growing into the cavities gradually after implanted into animal,and then achieve mechanical fixation.The filling biogradable compound exhibited excellent biocompatibility,which combined with the new bone tissues tightly without inflammation and loosing.
文摘AIM To evaluate the antifibrotic effect ofdifferent doses of recombinant human Gamma-Interferon (IFN-γ) intwo rat models of hepaticfibrosis, and to observe its effect on moderatechronic hepatitis B virus fibrosis.METNODS Hepatic fibrosis was successfullyinduced in 150 and 196 rats by subcutaneousinjection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) andintraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine(DMN), respectively. Each of the two modeldose IFN-γ group (15 MU/kg per day, i.m. for 8group (1.67 MU/kg daily, i.m. for 8 weeks).Another group of 10 rats without any treatmentwas used as normal controls. At the end of theexperiment, semi-quantitative histopathologicalscores of inflammation and fibrosis, liver (αsmooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression level,liver hydroxyl proline content and serumhyaluronic acid levels were compared. And 47medium chronic hepatitis B viral fibrosispatients were studied. They were given IFN-γtreatment, 100MU/day i.m. for the first threemonths and 100MU qod i.m. for the next sixmonths. Semi-quantitative pathological scoresof inflammation and fibrosis and serum hepaticfibrosis indices were compared within the 9months.RESULTS In animal experiment, thepathological fibrosis scores and liver hydroxylproline content were found to be significantlylower in rats treated with different doses of IFN-γ as compared with rats in fibrotic model groupinduced by either CCI4 or DMN, in a dose-dependent manner. For CCI4-induced model,pathological fibrosis scores in high, medium andIow doses IFN-γ groups were 5.10 ± 2.88, 7.70 ±3.53 and 8.00 ± 3.30, respectively, but the scorewas 14.60 ± 7.82 in fibrotic model group.Hydroxyl proline contents were 2.83 ± 1.18, 3.59± 1.22 and 4.80 ± 1.62, in the three IFN-γgroups, and 10.01 ± 3.23 in fibrotic model group.The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01). Similar results were found in DMN-induced model. Pathological fibrosis scoreswere 6.30±0.48, 8.10 ±2.72 and 8.30 ±2.58, inhigh, medium and Iow doses IFN-γ groups, and12.60 ± 3.57 in fibrotic model group. Hydroxylproline contents were 2.72 ± 0.58, 3.14 ± 0.71and 3.62 ± 1.02, in the three IFN-γ groups, and12.79 ± 1.54 in fibrotic model group. Thedifference was statistically significant(P＜0.01). Serum hepatic fibrosis indicesdecreased significantly in the 47 patients afterIFN-γ treatment (HA: 433.38 ± 373.00 vs 281.57± 220.48; LN: 161.22± 41.02 vs 146.35 ± 44.67;PCⅢ: 192.59 ± 89.95 vs 156.98 ± 49.22; C-Ⅳ:156.30 ± 44.01 vs 139.14 ± 34.47) and thedifferences between the four indices weresignificant (P＜0.05). Thirty-three patientsCONCLUSION All the three doses of IFN-γ areeffective in treating rat liver fibrosis induced byeither CCl4 or DMN, the higher the dose, thebetter the effect. And IFN-γ is effective forpatients with moderate chronic hepatitis B viralfibrosis.
文摘AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of a novel enteroscope,negative-pressure suction endoscope in examining the small intestine of a porcine model.METHODS In vitro experiments in small intestinal loops from 20pigs and in vivo experiments in 20 living pigs were conducted.RESULTS In in vitro experiments,a negative pressure of>0.06MPa was necessary for optimal visualization of the intestine,and this pressure did not cause gross or histological damage to the mucosa.For satisfactory examination of the small intestine in vivo,higher negative pressure(>1.00 MPa)was required.Despite this higher pressure,the small intestine did not show any gross or microscopic damage in the suctioned areas.The average time of examination in the living animals was 60±7.67 min.The animals did not experience any apparent ill effects from the procedure.CONCLUSION Small intestine endoscope was safely performed within a reasonable time period and enabled complete visualization of the intestine in most cases.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81760746 and 81803838)Education Department of Guizhou Province of China(GNYL[2017]006)+3 种基金Provincial Department of Education youth talent support program(qiankehe KY[2017]078)Key project at central government level:The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(2060302)Science and Technology Department of Zunyi City of Zuniyi City of Guizhou Province of China([2016]35,[2016]33)Innovation talent team of Guizhou science and Technology Department(qiankehe platform talents[2020]5007).
文摘Background:To explore active components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)and its underlying complex mechanism in treating blood deficiency induced by chemotherapy drug based on network pharmacology and mice experimental validation.Methods:Active components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)were screened by Lipinski’s rule of five.Targets acted with active components were predicted by PharmMapper database,and targets whose function associated with blood deficiency were screened by Therapeutic Target Database and UniProt.The networks of component-target and target-pathway were constructed by Cytoscape.The levels of peripheral blood and organ indexes were detected in the animal experiments.Results:One hundred and seventy-three components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)were collected,and 60 active components were screened according to the rule of five.According to the degree value of compounds,the top 5 compounds were docosyl trans ferulate,C32 decursin,agrimonolide 6-O-β-D-glucoside,degree=11,173-ethoxyphaeophorbide,and eugenol.Finally,59 targets associated with blood deficiency were obtained and the top 5 targets were MAPK14,TTR,CDK2,AKR1B1 and AR.Based on the interaction network of componenttarget and target-pathway,it’s found that 60 active components could act with 59 targets and 44 pathways for treating blood deficiency.And then,the mice experiments showed that Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)could enrich blood by increasing the levels of red blood cell,white blood cell,hemoglobin,red blood cell specific volume and platelet,and the indexes of liver,thymus and spleen,which validated the treating effect of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba).Conclusion:In this study,a network pharmacology approach and animal experiments were established to explore the nourishing blood effect of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba).The results demonstrated that Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)could improve blood deficiency and provide a theoretical basis for the further research on the in-depth mechanism of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba).
基金supported by 2012 Jiangxi Province Higher Education Reform Research Provincial Research Project(No.JXJG-12-29-3)
文摘Objective : The aim of this project was to train highly professional and specialized nursing students from medical colleges to adapt to bedside clinical care by exploring and discussing various methods of injection and IV infusion in animal experimentation to hone the core professional nursing competencies.Methods: Two classes from the 2012 senior graduating nursing class were randomly selected by a computer to conduct the diversified practical teaching methods based on animal experimentation.A hospital environment was simulated by requiring students to perform different types of injections and practical IV infusion techniques. A comprehensive evaluation of the core professional competencies,as well as other integrated competencies, was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the teaching methods.Results: Two-sampled, pairwise u-tests were performed between the scores of the experimental( nursing class 2) and control( nursing class 1) groups. These findings showed that the overall test scores were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group and that the average P-values for the competencies in various categories were < 0. 01, which indicated statistically significant results.Conclusions: Based on the data from this project, diversified teaching methods for basic nursing training founded on animal experimentation can help nursing students perfect their core professional competencies and improve their overall professional standing. The introduction of animal experimentation requires further verification, and an increased acknowledgement of its benefits through the widespread dissemination of this information.
文摘Objective: To explore the feasibility of the full automatic animal experimental cabin to establish the animal models in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic and high carbon dioxide environment. Methods: Sixty SPF-class male DS rats were divided into 2 groups, 20 for normobaric, hypoxic conditions and the other 40 for hypobaric, hypoxic conditions. For each group, the pulmonary arterial pressure and carotid arterial pressure indicators of rats were examined by using the physiological multi-detector, and the pulmonary vascular changes in the structure were observed. Results: The normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment can promote the formation of pulmonary hypertension and accelerate changes in pulmonary vascular remodeling, and promote the right ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion: Clinical applications showed that the animal experimental cabin has observed and controlled accurately. The result was safe, reliable and reproducible. The cabin can successfully establish the pulmonary hypertension model in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment, and in order to study the physiological mechanism of a variety of circulation and respiratory diseases caused by lack of oxygen, which provided an experimental technology platform for clinical research.
文摘Objective: To explore the feasibility of the full automatic animal experimental cabin to establish the animal models in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic and high carbon dioxide environment. Methods: 60 SPF-class male SD rats were divided into two groups, 20 for normobaric, hypoxic conditions and the other 40 for hypobaric, hypoxic conditions. For each group, we examined the pulmonary arterial pressure and carotid arterial pressure indicators of rats by using the physiological multi-detector measurement, and observed the pulmonary vascular changes in the structure. Results:The normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment can promote the formation of pulmonary hypertension and accelerate changes in pulmonary vascular remodeling, and promote the right ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion: Clinical applications showed that the animal experimental cabin has observed and controlled accurately. The result was safe, reliable and reproducible. The cabin can successfully establish the pulmonary hypertension model in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment, and in order to study the physiological mechanism of a variety of circulation and respiratory diseases caused by lack of oxygen, which provided an experimental technology platform for clinical research.
基金Supported partially by the MedicalHealth Research Foundation of PLA, No. 980015
文摘AIM To investigate the individual and thecombined effects of glutamine, dietary fiber,and growth hormone on the structural adaptationof the remnant small bowel.METHODS Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 85% mid-small bowel( TPN ) support during the first threepostoperational days. From the 4thpostoperational day, animals were randomlyassigned to receive 7 different treatments for 8days: TPNcon group, receiving TPN and enteral20 g.L- 1 glycine perfusion; TPN + Gin group,receiving TPN and enteral 20 g.L-1 glutamineperfusion; ENcon group, receiving enteralnutrition (EN) fortified with 20 g@L-1 glycine; EN+ Gin group, enteral nutrition fortified with20g. L-1 glutamine; EN + Fib group, enteralnutrition and 2 g. d- 1 oral soybean fiber; EN + GHgroup, enteral nutrition and subcutaneousgrowth hormone (GH) (0.31U) injection twicedaily; and ENint group, glutamine-enriched EN.oral soybean fiber, and subcutaneous GHinjection.RESULTS Enteral glutamine perfusion duringTPN increased the small intestinal villus height(jejunal villus height 250 μm ±29 μm in TPNconvs 330 μm ± 54 μm in TPN + Gin, ileal villus height260μm±28μm in TPNcon vs 330 μm±22μm inTPN + Gin, P＜0.05) and mucosa thickness( jejunal mucosa thickness 360 μm ± 32 μm inTPNcon vs 460 μm ± 65 μm in TPN + Gin, ilealmucosa thickness 400 μm ± 25 μm in TPNcon vs490μm ± 11 μm in TPN + Gin, P＜0.05) incomparison with the TPNcon group. Either fibersupplementation or GH administration improvedbody mass gain (end body weight 270 g ± 3.6 g inEN+Fib, 265.7 g ± 3.3 g in EN+GH, vs 257g±3.3g in ENcon, P＜0.05), elevated plasmainsulin-like growth factor ( IGF-Ⅰ ) level(880 μg. L-1 ± 52 μg. L-1 in EN + Fib, 1200 μg. L-1± 96 μg. L- 1 in EN ± GH, vs 620 μg. L-1 ±43 μg. L-1 in ENcon, P＜0.05), and increased thevillus height (jejunum 560 μm ± 44 μm in EN ± Fib,530 μm± 30 μm in EN ± GH, vs 450 μm ± 44 μm inENcon, ileum 400 μm ± 30 μm in EN + Fib, 380 μm±49 μm in EN± GH, vs 320 μm± 16 μm in ENcon,P＜0.05) and the mucosa thickness (jejunum740 μm ± 66 μm in EN ± Fib, 705 μm ± 27 μm in EN ±GH, vs 608 μm ± 58 μm in ENcon, ileum 570 μm ±27 μm in EN ± Fib, 560 μm ± 56 μm in EN ± GH, vs480μm ± 40 μm in ENcon, P＜0.05) in remnantjejunum and ileum. Glutamine-enriched ENproduced little effect in body mass, plasma IGF-Ⅰ level, and remnant small bowel mucosalstructure. The ENint group had greater bodymass (280g ± 2.2g), plasma IGF-Ⅰ level(1450g@L-1 ± 137g. L 1), and villus height(jejunum 620 μm ± 56 μm, ileum 450 um ± 31 μm)and mucosal thickness (jejunum 800 μm ± 52 μm,ileum 633 μm± 33 μm) than those in ENcon, EN +Gin (jejunum villus height and mucosa thickness450 μm ± 47 μm and 610 μm ± 63 μm, ileum villusheight and mucosa thickness 330 μm ± 39 μm and500 μm± 52 μm), EN + GH groups (P＜0.05), andthan those in EN + Fib group although nostatistical significance was attained.CONCLUSION Both dietary fiber and GH whenused separately can enhance the postresectionalsmall bowel structural adaptation. Simultaneoususe of these two gut-trophic factors can producesynergistic effects on small bowel structuraladaptation. Enteral glutamine perfusion isbeneficial in preserving small bowel mucosalstructure during TPN, but has little beneficialeffect during EN.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970574)。
文摘Animal models are extensively used in all aspects of biomedical research,with substantial contributions to our understanding of diseases,the development of pharmaceuticals,and the exploration of gene functions.The field of genome modification in rabbits has progressed slowly.However,recent advancements,particularly in CRISPR/Cas9-related technologies,have catalyzed the successful development of various genome-edited rabbit models to mimic diverse diseases,including cardiovascular disorders,immunodeficiencies,agingrelated ailments,neurological diseases,and ophthalmic pathologies.These models hold great promise in advancing biomedical research due to their closer physiological and biochemical resemblance to humans compared to mice.This review aims to summarize the novel gene-editing approaches currently available for rabbits and present the applications and prospects of such models in biomedicine,underscoring their impact and future potential in translational medicine.
文摘Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse the disease itself.Stem cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.Mesenchymal stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns,a lower risk of immune rejection,and a lower risk of teratogenicity.We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function,memory,and preservation of dopamine rgic neurons in a Parkinson’s disease animal model.We searched bibliographic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,CENTRAL,Scopus,and Web of Science)to identify articles and included only pee r-reviewed in vivo interve ntional animal studies published in any language through J une 28,2023.The study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95%confidence intervals(CI)of the standard mean differences(SMD)between the treatment and control groups.We use the systematic review center for laboratory animal expe rimentation’s risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment.A total of 33studies with data from 840 Parkinson’s disease model animals were included in the meta-analysis.Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational test.Among the stem cell types,the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed la rgest effect size(SMD[95%CI]=-6.21[-9.50 to-2.93],P=0.0001,I^(2)=0.0%).The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopamine rgic neurons in the striatum([95%CI]=1.04[0.59 to 1.49],P=0.0001,I^(2)=65.1%)and substantia nigra(SMD[95%CI]=1.38[0.89 to 1.87],P=0.0001,I^(2)=75.3%),indicating a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons.Subgroup analysis of the amphetamine-induced rotation test showed a significant reduction only in the intracranial-striatum route(SMD[95%CI]=-2.59[-3.25 to-1.94],P=0.0001,I^(2)=74.4%).The memory test showed significant improvement only in the intravenous route(SMD[95%CI]=4.80[1.84 to 7.76],P=0.027,I^(2)=79.6%).Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to positively impact motor function and memory function and protect dopaminergic neurons in preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease.Further research is required to determine the optimal stem cell types,modifications,transplanted cell numbe rs,and delivery methods for these protocols.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81825011,81930038,81961160738)Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(22XD1400800)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB19030200)。
文摘Viral infections have led to many public health crises and pandemics in the last few centuries.Neurotropic virus infection-induced viral encephalitis(VE),especially the symptomatic inflammation of the meninges and brain parenchyma,has attracted growing attention due to its high mortality and disability rates.Understanding the infectious routes of neurotropic viruses and the mechanism underlying the host immune response is critical to reduce viral spread and improve antiviral therapy outcomes.In this review,we summarize the common categories of neurotropic viruses,viral transmission routes in the body,host immune responses,and experimental animal models used for VE study to gain a deeper understanding of recent progress in the pathogenic and immunological mechanisms under neurotropic viral infection.This review should provide valuable resources and perspectives on how to cope with pandemic infections.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0900800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61972276,62206116,62032016)+2 种基金the New Liberal Arts Reform and Practice Project of National Ministry of Education(2021170002)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems(20210101)Tianjin University Talent Innovation Reward Program for Literature and Science Graduate Student(C1-2022-010)。
文摘Powered by advanced information technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).In this context,computational experiments method has emerged as a novel approach for the design,analysis,management,control,and integration of CPSS,which can realize the causal analysis of complex systems by means of“algorithmization”of“counterfactuals”.However,because CPSS involve human and social factors(e.g.,autonomy,initiative,and sociality),it is difficult for traditional design of experiment(DOE)methods to achieve the generative explanation of system emergence.To address this challenge,this paper proposes an integrated approach to the design of computational experiments,incorporating three key modules:1)Descriptive module:Determining the influencing factors and response variables of the system by means of the modeling of an artificial society;2)Interpretative module:Selecting factorial experimental design solution to identify the relationship between influencing factors and macro phenomena;3)Predictive module:Building a meta-model that is equivalent to artificial society to explore its operating laws.Finally,a case study of crowd-sourcing platforms is presented to illustrate the application process and effectiveness of the proposed approach,which can reveal the social impact of algorithmic behavior on“rider race”.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products (ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials.
基金financially supported by the Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(Grant No.520LH052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51909164).
文摘Deepsea mining has been proposed since the 1960s to alleviate the lack of resources on land.Vertical hydraulic transport of collected ores from the seabed to the sea surface is considered the most promising method for industrial applications.In the present study,an indoor model test of the vertical hydraulic transport of particles was conducted.A noncontact optical method has been proposed to measure the local characteristics of the particles inside a vertical pipe,including the local concentration and particle velocity.The hydraulic gradient of ore transport was evaluated with various particle size distributions,particle densities,feeding concentrations and mixture flow velocities.During transport,the local concentration is larger than the feeding concentration,whereas the particle velocity is less than the mixture velocity.The qualitative effects of the local concentration and local fluid velocity on the particle velocity and slip velocity were investigated.The local fluid velocity contributes significantly to particle velocity and slip velocity,whereas the effect of the local concentration is marginal.A higher feeding concentration and mixture flow velocity result in an increased hydraulic gradient.The effect of the particle size gradation is slight,whereas the particle density plays a crucial role in the transport.
基金The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Key Projects for Fundamental Research and Development of China(2021YFA1500803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51825205,52120105002,22102202,22088102,U22A20391)+1 种基金the DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL202016)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-004).
文摘Photocatalysis,a critical strategy for harvesting sunlight to address energy demand and environmental concerns,is underpinned by the discovery of high-performance photocatalysts,thereby how to design photocatalysts is now generating widespread interest in boosting the conversion effi-ciency of solar energy.In the past decade,computational technologies and theoretical simulations have led to a major leap in the development of high-throughput computational screening strategies for novel high-efficiency photocatalysts.In this viewpoint,we started with introducing the challenges of photocatalysis from the view of experimental practice,especially the inefficiency of the traditional“trial and error”method.Sub-sequently,a cross-sectional comparison between experimental and high-throughput computational screening for photocatalysis is presented and discussed in detail.On the basis of the current experimental progress in photocatalysis,we also exemplified the various challenges associated with high-throughput computational screening strategies.Finally,we offered a preferred high-throughput computational screening procedure for pho-tocatalysts from an experimental practice perspective(model construction and screening,standardized experiments,assessment and revision),with the aim of a better correlation of high-throughput simulations and experimental practices,motivating to search for better descriptors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0805300,2021YFA0805200)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170981,82371874,82394422,82171244,82071421,82271902)+3 种基金Guangzhou Key Research Program on Brain Science (202007030008)Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province (2021ZT09Y0072020B1212010062018B030337001)。
文摘Huntington'sdisease(HD)isahereditary neurodegenerative disorder for which there is currently no effectivetreatmentavailable.Consequently,the development of appropriate disease models is critical to thoroughly investigate disease progression.The genetic basis of HD involves the abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin(HTT)gene,leading to the expansion of a polyglutamine repeat in the HTT protein.Mutant HTT carrying the expanded polyglutamine repeat undergoes misfolding and forms aggregates in the brain,which precipitate selective neuronal loss in specific brain regions.Animal models play an important role in elucidating the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as HD and in identifying potential therapeutic targets.Due to the marked species differences between rodents and larger animals,substantial efforts have been directed toward establishing large animal models for HD research.These models are pivotal for advancing the discovery of novel therapeutic targets,enhancing effective drug delivery methods,and improving treatment outcomes.We have explored the advantages of utilizing large animal models,particularly pigs,in previous reviews.Since then,however,significant progress has been made in developing more sophisticated animal models that faithfully replicate the typical pathology of HD.In the current review,we provide a comprehensive overview of large animal models of HD,incorporating recent findings regarding the establishment of HD knock-in(KI)pigs and their genetic therapy.We also explore the utilization of large animal models in HD research,with a focus on sheep,non-human primates(NHPs),and pigs.Our objective is to provide valuable insights into the application of these large animal models for the investigation and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0805902,2022YFF0710703)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32201257)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area (2022XAGG0121)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology (2019QNRC001)。
文摘Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes,appropriate animal models are necessary.Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research.In this review,we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy,inner ear morphology,and electrophysiological characteristics,as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss.Additionally,we discuss the prospects,challenges,and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research.Overall,this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82302345).
文摘In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.
