Objective:Methanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus（A.spinosus） leaves was screened for antioxidant and antipyretic activities.Methods:Antioxidant activity was measured by l,l-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazile（DPPH） fre...Objective:Methanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus（A.spinosus） leaves was screened for antioxidant and antipyretic activities.Methods:Antioxidant activity was measured by l,l-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazile（DPPH） free radical scavenging,superoxide anion radical scavenging,hydroxyl free radical scavenging,nitric oxide radical scavenging,2,2 -azinobis-3- ethylbenzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid（ABTS） radical scavenging assays and total phenolic content was also determined.Antipyretic activity of methanolic extract of A.spinosus was measured by yeast induced pyrexia method at concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg using paracetamol as standard drug.Results:Methanolic extract of A.spinosus showed potent antioxidant activity.The IC<sub>50</sub> value was（87.50±3.52）μg/mL,（98.80±1.40）μg/mL,（106.25±0.20）μg/mL,（88.70±0.62）μg/mL and（147.50±2.61）μg/mL for DPPH,superoxide,hydroxyl,nitric oxide and ABTS radical scavenging activities.Methanolic extract of A spinosus showed significant（P【0.01） antipyretic activity.展开更多
Background:In 2014,an outbreak of adenoviral pneumonia occurred in the Korean military training center.However,there are limited data on the characteristics of the fever and its response to antipyretic therapy in immu...Background:In 2014,an outbreak of adenoviral pneumonia occurred in the Korean military training center.However,there are limited data on the characteristics of the fever and its response to antipyretic therapy in immunocompetent adults with adenovirus-positive community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).Methods:The medical records of the patients who were admitted to the Armed Forces Chuncheon Hospital for the treatment of CAP between January 2014 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into three groups,namely,the adenovirus-positive(Adv)group,the adenovirus-negative(Non-Adv)group and the unknown pathogen group,according to the results of a polymerase chain reaction(PCR)test and sputum culture used to measure adenovirus and other bacteria or viruses in respiratory specimens.We evaluated and compared the demographics,clinicolaboratory findings and radiological findings upon admission between the two groups.Results:Out of the 251 military personnel with CAP during the study periods,67 were classified into the Adv group,while 134 were classified into the Non-Adv group and 50 were classified into the unknown pathogen group.The patients in the Adv group had a longer duration of fever after admission((3.2±1.6)d vs.(1.9±1.2)d vs.(2.2±1.5)d,P=0.018)and symptom onset((5.8±2.2)d vs.(3.9±2.5)d vs.(3.7±2.0)d,P=0.006)than patients in the Non-Adv and unknown pathogen groups,respectively.The patients in the Adv group had a higher mean temperature at admission(37.8±0.3 vs.37.3±0.3 vs.37.3±0.3,P=0.005),and more patients were observed over 40 and 39 to 40(14.9%vs.2.2%vs.4.0%,35.8%vs.3.7%vs.6.0%,P<0.001)than those in the Non-Adv and unknown pathogen groups,respectively.The Adv group more commonly had no response or exhibited adverse events after antipyretic treatment compared to the Non-Adv group(17.9%vs.1.5%,35.0%vs.4.3%,P<0.001,P=0.05,respectively).In addition,the time from admission to overall clinical stabilization was significantly longer in the patients in the Adv group than in those in the Non-Adv group((4.3±2.8)d vs.(2.9±1.8)d,P=0.034,respectively).Furthermore,no significant difference in the length of hospital stay was observed between the two groups,and no patient died in either group.Conclusions:In this study,Adv-positive CAP in immunocompetent military personnel patients had distinct fever characteristics and responses to antipyretic treatment.展开更多
Objective:To screen different analogues of mangiferin pharmacologically for antipyretic activity. Methods:The naturally occurring xanthone glycoside mangiferin was isolated by column chromatography from the elhanolic ...Objective:To screen different analogues of mangiferin pharmacologically for antipyretic activity. Methods:The naturally occurring xanthone glycoside mangiferin was isolated by column chromatography from the elhanolic extract of stem bark of Mangifera indica.Mangiferin was further converted to 5-(N-phenylamino methyleno) mangiferin.5-(N-p-chlorophenylamino methyleno) mangiferin,5-(N-2-methyl phenylamino methyleno) mangiferin.5-(N-p-methoxy phenylamino methyleno) mangiferin.5-(N,N-diphenylamino methyleno) mangiferin,5-(N-α-napthylamino methyleno) mangiferin and 5-(N-4-methyl phenylamino methyleno) mangiferin analogues.The synthesized compounds were further screened for antipyretic activity along with mangiferin at a dose level of 100 and 200 tng/kg.Mangiferin and its analogues were characterized by melting point and R_f value determination and through spectral technique like UV,IR,and NMR spectral analysis.Results:The antipyretic activity of mangiferin as well as all analogues was found to be more significant in at higher dose ie.200 mg/kg which was depicted thmugh a decrease in rectal temperature up to 3 h.Conclusions:The antipyretic activity of mangiferin and its analogues may be attributed to inhibition in synthesis of TNF-αand anti-oxidant activity associated with amelioration of inflammatory actions of cytokines.展开更多
Objective:To study the screening of essential oils of Skimmia laureola leaves(SLO)for acute toxicity,antinociceptive,antipyretic and anticonvulsant activities in various animal models.Methods:SLO were extracted using ...Objective:To study the screening of essential oils of Skimmia laureola leaves(SLO)for acute toxicity,antinociceptive,antipyretic and anticonvulsant activities in various animal models.Methods:SLO were extracted using modified Clevenger type apparatus.Acute toxicity test was used in mice to observe its safety level.Antinociceptive activity of SLO was evaluated in acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate tests.Yeast induced hyperthermic mice and pentylenetetrazole induced convulsive mice were used for the assessment of its antipyretic and anticonvulsant profile respectively.Results:Substantial safety was observed for SLO in acute toxicity test.SLO showed a high significant activity in acetic acid induced writhing test in a dose dependent manner with maximum pain attenuation of 68.48%at 200 mg/kg i.p.However,it did not produce any relief in thermal induced pain at test doses.When challenged against pyrexia evoked by yeast,SLO manifested marked amelioration in hyperthermic mice,dose dependently.Maximum anti-hyperthermic activity(75%)was observed at 200 mg/kg i.p.after 4 h of drug administration.Nevertheless,SLO had no effect on seizures control and mortality caused by pentylenetetrazole.Conclusions:In vivo studies of SLO showed prominent antinociceptive and antipyretic activities with ample safety profile and thus provided pharmacological base for the traditional uses of the plant in various painful conditions and pyrexia.Additional detail studies are required to ascertain its clinical application.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of nilavembu kudineer choornam (EENKC) in inflammation,pain and fever using animal models to support its actions.Methods: Acute toxicity study of EENKC was pe...Objective:To investigate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of nilavembu kudineer choornam (EENKC) in inflammation,pain and fever using animal models to support its actions.Methods: Acute toxicity study of EENKC was performed in mice to fix the effective dose.The antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of EENKC was evaluated in brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in rats,carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats and acetic-acid induced writhing in mice model.Results:Acute toxicity revealed that EENKC didn’t show death and toxic signs up to 2 000 mg/kg.In brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia and carrageenan-induced inflammation EENKC at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg inhibited fever and inflammation significantly(P【0.01 and【0.05) compared to control animals.In mice,the number of writhing induced by acetic-acid was significantly(P【0.01) reduced after treatment with both the dose of EENKC than control animals. EENKC 200 mg/kg inhibits inflammation higher level in carrageenan-induced paw edema,but there is no significant difference when compared to indomethacin 10 mg/kg.Conclusions:The present findings revealed that EENKC possesses antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity which supports nilavembu kudineer choornam efficacy in chikungunya fever.展开更多
Objective:To conduct a systemic evaluation of the medicinal value of seeds which include macroscopic and microscopic characterization,physiochomical evaluation,preliminary phylochemical screening and experimental anti...Objective:To conduct a systemic evaluation of the medicinal value of seeds which include macroscopic and microscopic characterization,physiochomical evaluation,preliminary phylochemical screening and experimental antipyretic activity.Methods:Saraca asoca seed was studied for pharmacognostical,phytochemical and other recommended methods for standardizations.Also,the acetone extract of the seeds was evaluated for acute toxicity study and antipyretic activity using Brewer's yeast induced pyrexia in Wislar rats at oral doses of 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg.Results:After phytochemical screening,the acetone extract showed the presence of saponin,tannins and flavonoids which inhibit pyrexia.The therapeutic efficacy achieved at both the dose levels of the research drug and standard drug aspirin(100 mg/kg)showed significant(P<0.01)antipyretic activity when compared to the control group.The highly significant antipyretic effect exhibited at the dose of 500 mg/kg was also found to be sustainable in nature.Conclusions:The antipyretic effect of the acetone extract showed significant results in rats at the dose of 500 mg/kg after following the standard pharmacognostical and phylochemieal met hods.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of methanolic Tecomaria capensis(T.capensis) leaves extract using different models in rats.Methods: Methanolic T.capenssis leaves extract(...Objective:To evaluate the analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of methanolic Tecomaria capensis(T.capensis) leaves extract using different models in rats.Methods: Methanolic T.capenssis leaves extract(100,300,1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight) was given to rats orally to observe acute toxicity,and observed for 14 days.Analgesic activity was evaluated using tail immersion and formalin induced paw licking models in rats.Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema model in rats.Antipyretic activity was evaluated using brewer's yeast induced pyrexia model in rats.Methanolic T.capensis leaves extract were given at dose of 100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.Results:Results demonstrated that the no mortality was reported even after 14 days.This indicated that the methanol extract was safe up to a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight Methanolic 71 capensis leaves extract(100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.) significantly increased the latency period in the tail immersion test,reduced the licking time in both the neurogenic and inflammatory phases in the formalin test.Methanolic T.capensis leaves extract(100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.) significantly prevented increase in volume of paw edema. Methanolic 7.capensis leaves extract at the doses of(100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.) significantly decreased the rectal temperature of the rats.Conclusions:This study exhibites that methanolic T. capensis leaves extract possesses analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity which may be mediated by the central and peripheral mechanisms.展开更多
In our previous study, we observed that there was a close relation between the therapeutic effect and the warm receptors (WRs) or polymodal receptors (PRs). In accordance with the most sensitivity of WRs and the therm...In our previous study, we observed that there was a close relation between the therapeutic effect and the warm receptors (WRs) or polymodal receptors (PRs). In accordance with the most sensitivity of WRs and the thermal threshold value, we used computer controlled projector light at a constant temperature 40°C and 47°C to irradiate (moxibustion) Dazhui (GV 14) and Baihui (GV 20) (it is located between the spines of the 7th lumbar vertebra and the its sacral vertebra in the rabbit) and observed its antipyretic action on fever induced by intravenous injection of endotoxin in the rabbit. Results showed that this kind of moxibustion at 40°C had no significant effect while that at 47°C had a very striking antipyretic effect, indicating that the antipyretic effect of moxibustion is mediated primarily by PRs. This fact also provides an important experimental evidence for moxibustion treatment of heat syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the scientific basis for the use of Kang 601 heji(K-601) as an anti-in flammatory and antipyretic agent using appropriate animal models.Methods: Carrageenan-induced rat paw and xylene-induced ea...Objective: To evaluate the scientific basis for the use of Kang 601 heji(K-601) as an anti-in flammatory and antipyretic agent using appropriate animal models.Methods: Carrageenan-induced rat paw and xylene-induced ear oedemas were models used to investigate anti-in flammatory actions of K-601. Lipopolysaccharide-induced pyrexia model was used to evaluate antipyretic activity in Wistar rats. The antiin flammatory and antipyretic mechanisms were evaluated by detecting prostaglandins E2, nitric oxide, interleukin-1b and tumour necrosis factora levels using appropriate reagents and ELISA kits.Results: The results revealed that K-601 reduced the level of in flammations in both antiin flammatory models in a dose-dependent manner. The same was true for the antipyretic model. The possible mechanisms of actions were through the inhibition of prostaglandins E2, interleukin-1b, tumour necrosis factora and nitric oxide.Conclusions: K-601 has proven anti-in flammatory and antipyretic actions. The findings provide a scientific basis for the use of K-601 as anti-in flammatory and antipyretic agent in traditional Chinese medicinal practice.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the other pharmacological actions of silymarin in Albino rats and mice such as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects. Methods: Rats were injected intramu...Objective: To evaluate the other pharmacological actions of silymarin in Albino rats and mice such as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects. Methods: Rats were injected intramuscularly with pyrogenic dose of brewer's yeast for the antipyretic test of silymarin. Another group of rats injected with 0.1 mL of 1% carrageenan solution in saline at the subplanter area of the right hind paw for the anti-inflammatory test of silymarin. Another group of mice tested by hot plate method for determination of antinociceptive effect of silymarin. Hyperlipidemia was induced using high fat diet for 2 months to estimate the antihyperlipidemic activity of silymarin. Results: Silymarin showed a significant antipyretic effect of both doses(50 and 100 mg/kg) compared with control untreated group. Moreover, silymarin elucidated a significant anti-inflammatory effect of both doses reflected on the decrease of the rat paw edema every hour interval for 4 h after administration in comparison with control positive group. By the same taken, both doses of silymarine revealed a significant antinociceptive action in hot plate method at 30 and 60 min post administration. Besides, it lowered significantly the serum levels of prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta after 2 h of silymarin administration in carrageenan induced rat paw edema besides the significant decrease of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and significantly elevated high density lipoprotein after 2 weeks of silymarin administration. Conclusions: These outcomes delivered a new vision into the possible pharmacological mechanisms by which silymarin advances antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antipyretic and anticonvulsant activities of n-hexane fraction of Viola betonicifolia(V.betonicifolia).Methods:The antipyretic effect was scrutinized using brewer's yeast induced pyrex...Objective:To investigate the antipyretic and anticonvulsant activities of n-hexane fraction of Viola betonicifolia(V.betonicifolia).Methods:The antipyretic effect was scrutinized using brewer's yeast induced pyrexia and anticonvlsion effect was tested using pentylenetetrazol and strychnine induced convulsion in mice.Results:N-hexane fraction of V.betonicifolia demonstrated highly significant antipyretic activity during various assessment times(1-5 h)when challenged in yeast induced pyrexia test.The effect was in a dose dependent manner with maximum attenuation(82.50%)observed at 300 mg/kg i.p.When tested in pentylenetetrazol induced convulsion test,the 1st stage(Ear and facial twitching)and 2nd stage(Convulsive wave through the body)was 100%protected during 24 h at all the test doses(300,400 and 500 mg/kg i.p.),while the latency time of remaining stages was significantly increased.The maximum effect was observed by n-hexane fraction of V.betonicifolia at 400 and 500 mg/kg i.p.,as the latency time for generalized clonic-tonic seizure(5th stage)was increased up to 25.34 min.However,n-hexane fraction of V.betonicifolia had no protection in strychnine induced convulsion test.Conclusions:In conclusion,phytopharmacological studies provide scientific foundation to the folk uses of the plant in the treatment of pyrexia and neurological disorders.展开更多
Objective:To explore the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of methanolic leaf extract from Arbutus andrachne and its mechanism of action.Methods:Paw edema was induced by intraplantar(i.pl.)injection ofλ-carra...Objective:To explore the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of methanolic leaf extract from Arbutus andrachne and its mechanism of action.Methods:Paw edema was induced by intraplantar(i.pl.)injection ofλ-carrageenan(1%w/v,100μL/paw)while pyrexia was evoked by intraperitoneal(i.p.)injection of 20% baker’s yeast(20 mL/kg body wt)in male Wistar rats.The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Arbutus andrachne methanolic leaf extract were explored by injecting rats with different doses of the plant extract(150,300,and 600 mg/kg body wt,i.p.).Selective antagonists for transient receptor potential vanilloid-1(TRPV1),cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1),and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor(α2-AR)were used to unravel the extracts’mechanism of action.Blood samples were collected from the heart of rats to measure the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The extract exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing paw thickness and IL-6 levels.In addition,yeast-evoked pyrexia was attenuated by the extract treatment via TRPV1 and CB1 receptors and a reduction in PGE2 levels.No significant effects were found for α2-AR.Moreover,the rats that received the plant extract demonstrated similar responses to the positive control group.Conclusions:Arbutus andrachne can be a good candidate for treating inflammation and pyrexia and should be further investigated.展开更多
Objective To study the anti-inflammatory effect of a poly-prescription of traditional Chinese medicine GK001.Methods 1.Inhibitory effect on pain in mice:The pain was induced by i.p.0.2 ml of 0.6% HAc per mouse 1 h pos...Objective To study the anti-inflammatory effect of a poly-prescription of traditional Chinese medicine GK001.Methods 1.Inhibitory effect on pain in mice:The pain was induced by i.p.0.2 ml of 0.6% HAc per mouse 1 h post dosing GK001.The writhing numbers of mice were recorded in 10 minutes and the inhibitory rate of pain was calculated compared with the control group.2.Antipyretic effect In single dose experiment 15 healthy rabbits weighing 1.7-2.8 kg with body temperature(BT)measured in the experiment day meeting to the requirements were selected for the experiment and divided into 5 groups(3 in each group),which were dosed orally with GK001 and 1 h later followed by i.p.injection of 40 EU bacterial endotoxin standard·kg-1.Then,the BT of rabbits was measured every 30 min during 1-3 h after administration.The difference between the highest BT post-dose and the average BT pre-dose was calculated.In multi-dose experiment rabbits were selected and grouped as well as received i.p.endotoxin in the same way as above,but were administered with GK001 for consecutive 5 day.3.Bacteriostatic effect.The antibacterial activities of GK001 on Bacillus Pumilus,Bacillus Subtilis and Micrococcus Luteus were measured in vitro at concentrations of 0.125-1.0 g·mL-1.Results 1.The GK001 showed a significant and dose-dependent pain-suppressant effect,with inhibitory rate being 45.2%,31.2% and 20.8% at high,medium and low dose,respectively(P<0.05).2.Both single and multiple administration of GK001 had no effect on rabbit pyrogen response caused by endotoxin.3.GK001 had bacteriostatic effects on the aforementioned 3 bacteria significantly and in dose-dependent fashion.Conclusions GK001 has analgesic and in vitro antibacterial but no antipyretic effects.展开更多
[Objectives]To establish suitable quality standards of children antipyretic lotion.[Methods]Qualitative identification was performed for Paederia scandens and Artemisia carvifolia in Children Antipyretic Lotion by thi...[Objectives]To establish suitable quality standards of children antipyretic lotion.[Methods]Qualitative identification was performed for Paederia scandens and Artemisia carvifolia in Children Antipyretic Lotion by thin-layer chromatography(TLC),and the content of paederosidic acid in children antipyretic lotion was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Besides,chromatographic column Feinigen XPeonyx C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),mobile phase was used,gradient elution was carried out with acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid aqueous solution,the detection wavelength was 236 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was 30℃,and the injection volume was 10μL.[Results]The thin-layer chromatography of P.scandens and A.carvifolia reference materials showed clear spots,good separation effect,strong specificity,and no interference in the limit control;paederosidic acid showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.65-9.75μg(R2=0.9996),the average sample recovery rate was 99.72%(RSD=2.52%).[Conclusions]The qualitative and quantitative methods established in this experiment are simple,reproducible,and the results are accurate and reliable,and can be applied as a quality control method for children antipyretic lotions.展开更多
C. ambrosioides is a Congolese medicinal plant used in the treatment of several pathologies. This work was initiated to evaluate the analgesic and antipyretic effect of the aqueous extract of leaves of C. ambrosioides...C. ambrosioides is a Congolese medicinal plant used in the treatment of several pathologies. This work was initiated to evaluate the analgesic and antipyretic effect of the aqueous extract of leaves of C. ambrosioides. Analgesic effect was evaluated by using the acetic acid-induced writhing, the Tilk Flick test as well as the pain induced by formaldehyde. The results obtained showed that the aqueous extract significantly reduces the number of abdominal writhes (p C. ambrosioides (400 and 600 mg/kg) compared to control group (saline water). This result suggests an antipyretic effect. Chemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavones and mucilage. The presence of alkaloids and flavones could explain the analgesic and antipyretic effects attributed to this aqueous extract.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the antipyretic effect and action mechanism of Jinzhen Oral Liquid.[Methods]The yeast-induced fever model was used to determine the rectal temperature of rats at 6,8,and 10 h after yeast inj...[Objectives]To investigate the antipyretic effect and action mechanism of Jinzhen Oral Liquid.[Methods]The yeast-induced fever model was used to determine the rectal temperature of rats at 6,8,and 10 h after yeast injection.The contents of IL-6 and TNF-αin the rat serum and the contents of 5-HT and NE in the hypothalamus were detected by radioimmunoassay;the model of yeast-induced fever in rat was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),rectal temperature of the rats was determined,the contents of TNF-αand IL-1βin serum,cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)in hypothalamus were detected by radioimmunoassay.[Results]After the intervention of Jinzhen Oral Liquid,the body temperature of rats in the yeast-induced fever model was significantly reduced,the IL-6 and TNF-αcontents in serum were significantly reduced,the 5-HT content in the hypothalamus was significantly reduced,while the NE content was significantly increased;after 2 h of intraperitoneal injection of LPS,the body temperature of the model rats increased significantly;after the intervention of Jinzhen Oral Liquid,the increase in rectal temperature of LPS-induced fever model rats decreased,and the TNF-αand IL-1βcontents in serum and cAMP and PGE2 contents in hypothalamus of model rats were significantly decreased.[Conclusions]Jinzhen Oral Liquid has a significant antipyretic effect,and its action mechanism may be related to reducing the inflammatory factors in the serum,thereby inhibiting the generation of pyrogenic media in the hypothalamus.展开更多
Backgroud:To verify the antipyretic effect and mechanism of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid,and to provide evidence for the clinical application of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid.Methods:By designing three groups o...Backgroud:To verify the antipyretic effect and mechanism of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid,and to provide evidence for the clinical application of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid.Methods:By designing three groups of experimental models of yeast-induced rat fever model,endotoxin-induced rabbit fever model,and para-influenza virus-induced rabbit fever model,the antipyretic effect and mechanism of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid were studied by measuring body temperature before and after treatment and the expressions of protein kinase A(PKA),protein kinase C,arginine vasopressin(AVP),prostaglandin E2 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)in hypothalamus after administration.Results:In the yeast-induced fever model of rats,the body temperature and PKA expression levels in different dose groups of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid were significantly different from those of the model group 1–3 h after treatment.In the rabbit fever model induced by endotoxin,different dosage groups of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid have obvious antipyretic effect on 1–3 h after the model is established,and can significantly reduce the expression of AVP and cAMP in hypothalamus.In the para-influenza virus-induced rabbit fever model,each dose group of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid has obvious antipyretic effect on 1–2 h after the model is established.Conclusion:Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid has good antipyretic effect on fever models induced by yeast,endotoxin and parainfluenza by regulating the expression of PKA,AVP,and cAMP.展开更多
The effects of isatin (2,3-dioxo-indole) and isatin analogues (5-methylisatin, 6-hydroxyisatin, 7-ethylisatin, N-acety- lisatin) were tested on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced fever in mice and rats. Two modes of admi...The effects of isatin (2,3-dioxo-indole) and isatin analogues (5-methylisatin, 6-hydroxyisatin, 7-ethylisatin, N-acety- lisatin) were tested on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced fever in mice and rats. Two modes of administration were tested. Isatin or an analogue was injected simultaneously with PGE2 and the development of fever was tested, or the test compound was given 30 min following PGE2 administration and the effects on the already existing fever were measured, in mice and in rats. Isatin in a dose of 3.12 mg/kg ip was found to block the development of PGE2-induced fever in mice, while in a dose of 12.5 mg/kg ip it attenuated the existing fever. In rats isatin in a dose of 12.5 mg/kg ip blocked fever initiation, and at 25.0 mg/kg ip attenuated existing PGE2-induced fever. In mice, 5-methylisatin in a dose of 0.21 mg/kg ip blocked the initiation of fever, and at 6.72 mg/kg ip attenuated the existing fever. In rats in a dose of 3.36 mg/kg ip it blocked the development of fever, and at 13.44 mg/kg ip attenuated existing PGE2-induced fever. In mice 5,6-dimetylisatin in a dose of 0.02 mg/kg ip both blocked fever initiation and attenuated the existing fever in mice, in rats in a dose of 0.42 mg/kg ip it blocked the initiation of fever, and at 0.21 mg/kg ip attenuated the existing PGE2-induced fever. In mice 6-hydroxyisatin in a dose of 5.2 mg/kg blocked the development of fever, and at 10.4 mg/kg attenuated the existing fever. In rats in a dose of 10.40 mg/kg ip it blocked fever development and also attenuated the existing fever. In mice, 7-ethylisatin in a dose of 0.02 mg/kg ip both blocked fever initiation and also attenuated the existing fever. In rats, a dose of 0.11 mg/kg both blocked fever initiation and also attenuated the existing fever. In mice, N-acethylisatin in the dose of 0.005 mg/kg blocked fever initiation, while at 1.024 mg/kg it attenuated existing fever, in rats, in a dose of 0.096 mg/kg it blocked fever initiation, and at 0.384 mg/kg attenuated the existing fever. The results demonstrate that 7-ethyl- and N-acetylisatin are the most effective of these compounds both in blocking the development of PGE2-induced fever and also in attenuating existing the PGE 2-induced fever.展开更多
Thais luteostoma has been utilized as a crude drug whose shell and soft tissue have been widely used for the treatment of heat syndrome in China for thousands of years. The present study was designed to investigate th...Thais luteostoma has been utilized as a crude drug whose shell and soft tissue have been widely used for the treatment of heat syndrome in China for thousands of years. The present study was designed to investigate the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of T. luteostoma. T. luteostoma was divided into shell （TLSH） and soft tissue （TLST） samples in the present study. The rat model of yeast-induced fever was used to investigate their antipyretic effects; and the rat model of hind paw edema induced by carrageenan was utilized to study their anti-inflammatory activities, and at the same time, the concentration variations of the central neurotransmitter [prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） and cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）], inflammatory mediators [tumor necrosis factor （TNFα）, interleukin-1β （IL-1）, interleukin-2 （IL-2） and interleukin-6 （IL-6）] and ion （Na^＋ and Ca^2＋） were also tested. The results showed that TLSH and TLST extracts significantly inhibited yeast-induced pyrexia in rats （P 〈 0.05）, and exhibited more lasting effects as compared to aspirin, and TLSH had the better antipyretic activity than TLST, and that TLSH and TLST could significantly prevent against carrageenan induced paw edema in rats （P 〈 0.05）; and markedly reduced levels of PGE2, cAMP, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and Na^＋/Ca^2＋. In fever model, TLST could significantly reduce the levels of PGE2 （P 〈 0.01） in rats＇ homogenate and TNF a （P 〈 0.05）, IL-113 （P 〈 0.01） in the plasma than TLSH, whereas TLSH could reduce the content of IL-2 （P 〈 0.01） and IL-6 （P 〈 0.01） in plasma and increase the content of Ca2＋ （P 〈 0.01） in plasma and homogenate more significantly than TLST. In conclusion, T. luteostoma extract has antipyretie and anti-inflammatory activities, which may be mediated through the suppression of production of PGE2, cAMP, Na^＋/Ca^2＋ , TNF a, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6.展开更多
Objective： Mahuang-Shigao herb-pair is a famous formula composed of Ephedra and Gypsum. The herb-pair is frequently used for treating cold symptoms and bronchial asthma in the clinical practice of Chinese medicine ...Objective： Mahuang-Shigao herb-pair is a famous formula composed of Ephedra and Gypsum. The herb-pair is frequently used for treating cold symptoms and bronchial asthma in the clinical practice of Chinese medicine （CM）. In the present study, we evaluated evidence for the benefit of combined use of Ephedra and Gypsum by analyzing the antipyretic and anti-asthmatic activities of Ephedra-Gypsum. Methods： The antipyretic effects of Ephedra-Gypsum were evaluated in yeast-induced hyperthermia test. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including control group, standard aspirin group, and 3 Ephedra- Gypsum groups of different doses （6, 12, 24 g/kg）. Ephedra-Gypsum extract and asprin were administered orally 6 h after the injection of yeast solution and body temperature was measured every 1 h for 8 h. The anti- asthmatic effects of Ephedra-Gypsum were evaluated using an ovalbumin （OVA）-induced asthmatic rat model. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Rats were alternately sensitized and OVA＋Al（OH）3 challenged by exposure to mists of ovalbumin. Ephedra-Gypsum extracts （6, 12, 24 g/kg） or dexamethasone were administered 45 min prior to the allergen challenge for 8 days. Latent period and the weight of wet to dry ratio of lung were determined. In addition, the eosinophils in blood and white blood cell （WBC） were counted by an YZ-Hemavet Analyzer. Results： The Ephedra-Gypsum extracts at test dose （6, 12, 24 g/kg） significantly and dose-dependently attenuated yeast-induced fever in rats. The Ephedra-Gypsum extracts also prolonged the latent period, reduced OVA-induced increases in eosinophils and WBC, and decreased the wet and dry weight ratio of the lungs in the anti-asthmatic test. Conclusions： These findings indicate that the Ephedra-Gypsum extract has antipyretic and anti-asthmatic properties. Hence, the results support additional scientific evidence in prescriptions.展开更多
文摘Objective:Methanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus（A.spinosus） leaves was screened for antioxidant and antipyretic activities.Methods:Antioxidant activity was measured by l,l-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazile（DPPH） free radical scavenging,superoxide anion radical scavenging,hydroxyl free radical scavenging,nitric oxide radical scavenging,2,2 -azinobis-3- ethylbenzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid（ABTS） radical scavenging assays and total phenolic content was also determined.Antipyretic activity of methanolic extract of A.spinosus was measured by yeast induced pyrexia method at concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg using paracetamol as standard drug.Results:Methanolic extract of A.spinosus showed potent antioxidant activity.The IC<sub>50</sub> value was（87.50±3.52）μg/mL,（98.80±1.40）μg/mL,（106.25±0.20）μg/mL,（88.70±0.62）μg/mL and（147.50±2.61）μg/mL for DPPH,superoxide,hydroxyl,nitric oxide and ABTS radical scavenging activities.Methanolic extract of A spinosus showed significant（P【0.01） antipyretic activity.
文摘Background:In 2014,an outbreak of adenoviral pneumonia occurred in the Korean military training center.However,there are limited data on the characteristics of the fever and its response to antipyretic therapy in immunocompetent adults with adenovirus-positive community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).Methods:The medical records of the patients who were admitted to the Armed Forces Chuncheon Hospital for the treatment of CAP between January 2014 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into three groups,namely,the adenovirus-positive(Adv)group,the adenovirus-negative(Non-Adv)group and the unknown pathogen group,according to the results of a polymerase chain reaction(PCR)test and sputum culture used to measure adenovirus and other bacteria or viruses in respiratory specimens.We evaluated and compared the demographics,clinicolaboratory findings and radiological findings upon admission between the two groups.Results:Out of the 251 military personnel with CAP during the study periods,67 were classified into the Adv group,while 134 were classified into the Non-Adv group and 50 were classified into the unknown pathogen group.The patients in the Adv group had a longer duration of fever after admission((3.2±1.6)d vs.(1.9±1.2)d vs.(2.2±1.5)d,P=0.018)and symptom onset((5.8±2.2)d vs.(3.9±2.5)d vs.(3.7±2.0)d,P=0.006)than patients in the Non-Adv and unknown pathogen groups,respectively.The patients in the Adv group had a higher mean temperature at admission(37.8±0.3 vs.37.3±0.3 vs.37.3±0.3,P=0.005),and more patients were observed over 40 and 39 to 40(14.9%vs.2.2%vs.4.0%,35.8%vs.3.7%vs.6.0%,P<0.001)than those in the Non-Adv and unknown pathogen groups,respectively.The Adv group more commonly had no response or exhibited adverse events after antipyretic treatment compared to the Non-Adv group(17.9%vs.1.5%,35.0%vs.4.3%,P<0.001,P=0.05,respectively).In addition,the time from admission to overall clinical stabilization was significantly longer in the patients in the Adv group than in those in the Non-Adv group((4.3±2.8)d vs.(2.9±1.8)d,P=0.034,respectively).Furthermore,no significant difference in the length of hospital stay was observed between the two groups,and no patient died in either group.Conclusions:In this study,Adv-positive CAP in immunocompetent military personnel patients had distinct fever characteristics and responses to antipyretic treatment.
基金the University Grants Commission(UGC),New Delhi,India for the financial support to Mr.Shashi Kant Singh
文摘Objective:To screen different analogues of mangiferin pharmacologically for antipyretic activity. Methods:The naturally occurring xanthone glycoside mangiferin was isolated by column chromatography from the elhanolic extract of stem bark of Mangifera indica.Mangiferin was further converted to 5-(N-phenylamino methyleno) mangiferin.5-(N-p-chlorophenylamino methyleno) mangiferin,5-(N-2-methyl phenylamino methyleno) mangiferin.5-(N-p-methoxy phenylamino methyleno) mangiferin.5-(N,N-diphenylamino methyleno) mangiferin,5-(N-α-napthylamino methyleno) mangiferin and 5-(N-4-methyl phenylamino methyleno) mangiferin analogues.The synthesized compounds were further screened for antipyretic activity along with mangiferin at a dose level of 100 and 200 tng/kg.Mangiferin and its analogues were characterized by melting point and R_f value determination and through spectral technique like UV,IR,and NMR spectral analysis.Results:The antipyretic activity of mangiferin as well as all analogues was found to be more significant in at higher dose ie.200 mg/kg which was depicted thmugh a decrease in rectal temperature up to 3 h.Conclusions:The antipyretic activity of mangiferin and its analogues may be attributed to inhibition in synthesis of TNF-αand anti-oxidant activity associated with amelioration of inflammatory actions of cytokines.
基金Supported by Higier Education of Pakistan (HEC) with Grant No.bm6-071/HEC/Pak
文摘Objective:To study the screening of essential oils of Skimmia laureola leaves(SLO)for acute toxicity,antinociceptive,antipyretic and anticonvulsant activities in various animal models.Methods:SLO were extracted using modified Clevenger type apparatus.Acute toxicity test was used in mice to observe its safety level.Antinociceptive activity of SLO was evaluated in acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate tests.Yeast induced hyperthermic mice and pentylenetetrazole induced convulsive mice were used for the assessment of its antipyretic and anticonvulsant profile respectively.Results:Substantial safety was observed for SLO in acute toxicity test.SLO showed a high significant activity in acetic acid induced writhing test in a dose dependent manner with maximum pain attenuation of 68.48%at 200 mg/kg i.p.However,it did not produce any relief in thermal induced pain at test doses.When challenged against pyrexia evoked by yeast,SLO manifested marked amelioration in hyperthermic mice,dose dependently.Maximum anti-hyperthermic activity(75%)was observed at 200 mg/kg i.p.after 4 h of drug administration.Nevertheless,SLO had no effect on seizures control and mortality caused by pentylenetetrazole.Conclusions:In vivo studies of SLO showed prominent antinociceptive and antipyretic activities with ample safety profile and thus provided pharmacological base for the traditional uses of the plant in various painful conditions and pyrexia.Additional detail studies are required to ascertain its clinical application.
文摘Objective:To investigate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of nilavembu kudineer choornam (EENKC) in inflammation,pain and fever using animal models to support its actions.Methods: Acute toxicity study of EENKC was performed in mice to fix the effective dose.The antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of EENKC was evaluated in brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in rats,carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats and acetic-acid induced writhing in mice model.Results:Acute toxicity revealed that EENKC didn’t show death and toxic signs up to 2 000 mg/kg.In brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia and carrageenan-induced inflammation EENKC at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg inhibited fever and inflammation significantly(P【0.01 and【0.05) compared to control animals.In mice,the number of writhing induced by acetic-acid was significantly(P【0.01) reduced after treatment with both the dose of EENKC than control animals. EENKC 200 mg/kg inhibits inflammation higher level in carrageenan-induced paw edema,but there is no significant difference when compared to indomethacin 10 mg/kg.Conclusions:The present findings revealed that EENKC possesses antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity which supports nilavembu kudineer choornam efficacy in chikungunya fever.
基金Supported by University Grants Commission.New Delhi[Grantsanctioned vide no-F.No.37-496/2009(SR)]
文摘Objective:To conduct a systemic evaluation of the medicinal value of seeds which include macroscopic and microscopic characterization,physiochomical evaluation,preliminary phylochemical screening and experimental antipyretic activity.Methods:Saraca asoca seed was studied for pharmacognostical,phytochemical and other recommended methods for standardizations.Also,the acetone extract of the seeds was evaluated for acute toxicity study and antipyretic activity using Brewer's yeast induced pyrexia in Wislar rats at oral doses of 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg.Results:After phytochemical screening,the acetone extract showed the presence of saponin,tannins and flavonoids which inhibit pyrexia.The therapeutic efficacy achieved at both the dose levels of the research drug and standard drug aspirin(100 mg/kg)showed significant(P<0.01)antipyretic activity when compared to the control group.The highly significant antipyretic effect exhibited at the dose of 500 mg/kg was also found to be sustainable in nature.Conclusions:The antipyretic effect of the acetone extract showed significant results in rats at the dose of 500 mg/kg after following the standard pharmacognostical and phylochemieal met hods.
基金supported by management ofJaipur National University,Jaipur,India
文摘Objective:To evaluate the analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of methanolic Tecomaria capensis(T.capensis) leaves extract using different models in rats.Methods: Methanolic T.capenssis leaves extract(100,300,1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight) was given to rats orally to observe acute toxicity,and observed for 14 days.Analgesic activity was evaluated using tail immersion and formalin induced paw licking models in rats.Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema model in rats.Antipyretic activity was evaluated using brewer's yeast induced pyrexia model in rats.Methanolic T.capensis leaves extract were given at dose of 100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.Results:Results demonstrated that the no mortality was reported even after 14 days.This indicated that the methanol extract was safe up to a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight Methanolic 71 capensis leaves extract(100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.) significantly increased the latency period in the tail immersion test,reduced the licking time in both the neurogenic and inflammatory phases in the formalin test.Methanolic T.capensis leaves extract(100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.) significantly prevented increase in volume of paw edema. Methanolic 7.capensis leaves extract at the doses of(100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.) significantly decreased the rectal temperature of the rats.Conclusions:This study exhibites that methanolic T. capensis leaves extract possesses analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity which may be mediated by the central and peripheral mechanisms.
文摘In our previous study, we observed that there was a close relation between the therapeutic effect and the warm receptors (WRs) or polymodal receptors (PRs). In accordance with the most sensitivity of WRs and the thermal threshold value, we used computer controlled projector light at a constant temperature 40°C and 47°C to irradiate (moxibustion) Dazhui (GV 14) and Baihui (GV 20) (it is located between the spines of the 7th lumbar vertebra and the its sacral vertebra in the rabbit) and observed its antipyretic action on fever induced by intravenous injection of endotoxin in the rabbit. Results showed that this kind of moxibustion at 40°C had no significant effect while that at 47°C had a very striking antipyretic effect, indicating that the antipyretic effect of moxibustion is mediated primarily by PRs. This fact also provides an important experimental evidence for moxibustion treatment of heat syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81222052 and 81421005)Jiangsu Province Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(BK20130025)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the scientific basis for the use of Kang 601 heji(K-601) as an anti-in flammatory and antipyretic agent using appropriate animal models.Methods: Carrageenan-induced rat paw and xylene-induced ear oedemas were models used to investigate anti-in flammatory actions of K-601. Lipopolysaccharide-induced pyrexia model was used to evaluate antipyretic activity in Wistar rats. The antiin flammatory and antipyretic mechanisms were evaluated by detecting prostaglandins E2, nitric oxide, interleukin-1b and tumour necrosis factora levels using appropriate reagents and ELISA kits.Results: The results revealed that K-601 reduced the level of in flammations in both antiin flammatory models in a dose-dependent manner. The same was true for the antipyretic model. The possible mechanisms of actions were through the inhibition of prostaglandins E2, interleukin-1b, tumour necrosis factora and nitric oxide.Conclusions: K-601 has proven anti-in flammatory and antipyretic actions. The findings provide a scientific basis for the use of K-601 as anti-in flammatory and antipyretic agent in traditional Chinese medicinal practice.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the other pharmacological actions of silymarin in Albino rats and mice such as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects. Methods: Rats were injected intramuscularly with pyrogenic dose of brewer's yeast for the antipyretic test of silymarin. Another group of rats injected with 0.1 mL of 1% carrageenan solution in saline at the subplanter area of the right hind paw for the anti-inflammatory test of silymarin. Another group of mice tested by hot plate method for determination of antinociceptive effect of silymarin. Hyperlipidemia was induced using high fat diet for 2 months to estimate the antihyperlipidemic activity of silymarin. Results: Silymarin showed a significant antipyretic effect of both doses(50 and 100 mg/kg) compared with control untreated group. Moreover, silymarin elucidated a significant anti-inflammatory effect of both doses reflected on the decrease of the rat paw edema every hour interval for 4 h after administration in comparison with control positive group. By the same taken, both doses of silymarine revealed a significant antinociceptive action in hot plate method at 30 and 60 min post administration. Besides, it lowered significantly the serum levels of prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta after 2 h of silymarin administration in carrageenan induced rat paw edema besides the significant decrease of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and significantly elevated high density lipoprotein after 2 weeks of silymarin administration. Conclusions: These outcomes delivered a new vision into the possible pharmacological mechanisms by which silymarin advances antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects.
基金Financially Supported by Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan (Grant No.bm6-071/hec/pak.)
文摘Objective:To investigate the antipyretic and anticonvulsant activities of n-hexane fraction of Viola betonicifolia(V.betonicifolia).Methods:The antipyretic effect was scrutinized using brewer's yeast induced pyrexia and anticonvlsion effect was tested using pentylenetetrazol and strychnine induced convulsion in mice.Results:N-hexane fraction of V.betonicifolia demonstrated highly significant antipyretic activity during various assessment times(1-5 h)when challenged in yeast induced pyrexia test.The effect was in a dose dependent manner with maximum attenuation(82.50%)observed at 300 mg/kg i.p.When tested in pentylenetetrazol induced convulsion test,the 1st stage(Ear and facial twitching)and 2nd stage(Convulsive wave through the body)was 100%protected during 24 h at all the test doses(300,400 and 500 mg/kg i.p.),while the latency time of remaining stages was significantly increased.The maximum effect was observed by n-hexane fraction of V.betonicifolia at 400 and 500 mg/kg i.p.,as the latency time for generalized clonic-tonic seizure(5th stage)was increased up to 25.34 min.However,n-hexane fraction of V.betonicifolia had no protection in strychnine induced convulsion test.Conclusions:In conclusion,phytopharmacological studies provide scientific foundation to the folk uses of the plant in the treatment of pyrexia and neurological disorders.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research,The University of Jordan(235/2020/19)。
文摘Objective:To explore the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of methanolic leaf extract from Arbutus andrachne and its mechanism of action.Methods:Paw edema was induced by intraplantar(i.pl.)injection ofλ-carrageenan(1%w/v,100μL/paw)while pyrexia was evoked by intraperitoneal(i.p.)injection of 20% baker’s yeast(20 mL/kg body wt)in male Wistar rats.The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Arbutus andrachne methanolic leaf extract were explored by injecting rats with different doses of the plant extract(150,300,and 600 mg/kg body wt,i.p.).Selective antagonists for transient receptor potential vanilloid-1(TRPV1),cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1),and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor(α2-AR)were used to unravel the extracts’mechanism of action.Blood samples were collected from the heart of rats to measure the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The extract exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing paw thickness and IL-6 levels.In addition,yeast-evoked pyrexia was attenuated by the extract treatment via TRPV1 and CB1 receptors and a reduction in PGE2 levels.No significant effects were found for α2-AR.Moreover,the rats that received the plant extract demonstrated similar responses to the positive control group.Conclusions:Arbutus andrachne can be a good candidate for treating inflammation and pyrexia and should be further investigated.
文摘Objective To study the anti-inflammatory effect of a poly-prescription of traditional Chinese medicine GK001.Methods 1.Inhibitory effect on pain in mice:The pain was induced by i.p.0.2 ml of 0.6% HAc per mouse 1 h post dosing GK001.The writhing numbers of mice were recorded in 10 minutes and the inhibitory rate of pain was calculated compared with the control group.2.Antipyretic effect In single dose experiment 15 healthy rabbits weighing 1.7-2.8 kg with body temperature(BT)measured in the experiment day meeting to the requirements were selected for the experiment and divided into 5 groups(3 in each group),which were dosed orally with GK001 and 1 h later followed by i.p.injection of 40 EU bacterial endotoxin standard·kg-1.Then,the BT of rabbits was measured every 30 min during 1-3 h after administration.The difference between the highest BT post-dose and the average BT pre-dose was calculated.In multi-dose experiment rabbits were selected and grouped as well as received i.p.endotoxin in the same way as above,but were administered with GK001 for consecutive 5 day.3.Bacteriostatic effect.The antibacterial activities of GK001 on Bacillus Pumilus,Bacillus Subtilis and Micrococcus Luteus were measured in vitro at concentrations of 0.125-1.0 g·mL-1.Results 1.The GK001 showed a significant and dose-dependent pain-suppressant effect,with inhibitory rate being 45.2%,31.2% and 20.8% at high,medium and low dose,respectively(P<0.05).2.Both single and multiple administration of GK001 had no effect on rabbit pyrogen response caused by endotoxin.3.GK001 had bacteriostatic effects on the aforementioned 3 bacteria significantly and in dose-dependent fashion.Conclusions GK001 has analgesic and in vitro antibacterial but no antipyretic effects.
基金Supported by Open project of Guangxi Zhuang and Yao Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center(KJT1900105)Key Research and Development Program of Department of Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Guangxi Science and Technology AB19110003).
文摘[Objectives]To establish suitable quality standards of children antipyretic lotion.[Methods]Qualitative identification was performed for Paederia scandens and Artemisia carvifolia in Children Antipyretic Lotion by thin-layer chromatography(TLC),and the content of paederosidic acid in children antipyretic lotion was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Besides,chromatographic column Feinigen XPeonyx C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),mobile phase was used,gradient elution was carried out with acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid aqueous solution,the detection wavelength was 236 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was 30℃,and the injection volume was 10μL.[Results]The thin-layer chromatography of P.scandens and A.carvifolia reference materials showed clear spots,good separation effect,strong specificity,and no interference in the limit control;paederosidic acid showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.65-9.75μg(R2=0.9996),the average sample recovery rate was 99.72%(RSD=2.52%).[Conclusions]The qualitative and quantitative methods established in this experiment are simple,reproducible,and the results are accurate and reliable,and can be applied as a quality control method for children antipyretic lotions.
文摘C. ambrosioides is a Congolese medicinal plant used in the treatment of several pathologies. This work was initiated to evaluate the analgesic and antipyretic effect of the aqueous extract of leaves of C. ambrosioides. Analgesic effect was evaluated by using the acetic acid-induced writhing, the Tilk Flick test as well as the pain induced by formaldehyde. The results obtained showed that the aqueous extract significantly reduces the number of abdominal writhes (p C. ambrosioides (400 and 600 mg/kg) compared to control group (saline water). This result suggests an antipyretic effect. Chemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavones and mucilage. The presence of alkaloids and flavones could explain the analgesic and antipyretic effects attributed to this aqueous extract.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the antipyretic effect and action mechanism of Jinzhen Oral Liquid.[Methods]The yeast-induced fever model was used to determine the rectal temperature of rats at 6,8,and 10 h after yeast injection.The contents of IL-6 and TNF-αin the rat serum and the contents of 5-HT and NE in the hypothalamus were detected by radioimmunoassay;the model of yeast-induced fever in rat was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),rectal temperature of the rats was determined,the contents of TNF-αand IL-1βin serum,cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)in hypothalamus were detected by radioimmunoassay.[Results]After the intervention of Jinzhen Oral Liquid,the body temperature of rats in the yeast-induced fever model was significantly reduced,the IL-6 and TNF-αcontents in serum were significantly reduced,the 5-HT content in the hypothalamus was significantly reduced,while the NE content was significantly increased;after 2 h of intraperitoneal injection of LPS,the body temperature of the model rats increased significantly;after the intervention of Jinzhen Oral Liquid,the increase in rectal temperature of LPS-induced fever model rats decreased,and the TNF-αand IL-1βcontents in serum and cAMP and PGE2 contents in hypothalamus of model rats were significantly decreased.[Conclusions]Jinzhen Oral Liquid has a significant antipyretic effect,and its action mechanism may be related to reducing the inflammatory factors in the serum,thereby inhibiting the generation of pyrogenic media in the hypothalamus.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81773977).
文摘Backgroud:To verify the antipyretic effect and mechanism of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid,and to provide evidence for the clinical application of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid.Methods:By designing three groups of experimental models of yeast-induced rat fever model,endotoxin-induced rabbit fever model,and para-influenza virus-induced rabbit fever model,the antipyretic effect and mechanism of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid were studied by measuring body temperature before and after treatment and the expressions of protein kinase A(PKA),protein kinase C,arginine vasopressin(AVP),prostaglandin E2 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)in hypothalamus after administration.Results:In the yeast-induced fever model of rats,the body temperature and PKA expression levels in different dose groups of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid were significantly different from those of the model group 1–3 h after treatment.In the rabbit fever model induced by endotoxin,different dosage groups of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid have obvious antipyretic effect on 1–3 h after the model is established,and can significantly reduce the expression of AVP and cAMP in hypothalamus.In the para-influenza virus-induced rabbit fever model,each dose group of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid has obvious antipyretic effect on 1–2 h after the model is established.Conclusion:Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid has good antipyretic effect on fever models induced by yeast,endotoxin and parainfluenza by regulating the expression of PKA,AVP,and cAMP.
文摘The effects of isatin (2,3-dioxo-indole) and isatin analogues (5-methylisatin, 6-hydroxyisatin, 7-ethylisatin, N-acety- lisatin) were tested on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced fever in mice and rats. Two modes of administration were tested. Isatin or an analogue was injected simultaneously with PGE2 and the development of fever was tested, or the test compound was given 30 min following PGE2 administration and the effects on the already existing fever were measured, in mice and in rats. Isatin in a dose of 3.12 mg/kg ip was found to block the development of PGE2-induced fever in mice, while in a dose of 12.5 mg/kg ip it attenuated the existing fever. In rats isatin in a dose of 12.5 mg/kg ip blocked fever initiation, and at 25.0 mg/kg ip attenuated existing PGE2-induced fever. In mice, 5-methylisatin in a dose of 0.21 mg/kg ip blocked the initiation of fever, and at 6.72 mg/kg ip attenuated the existing fever. In rats in a dose of 3.36 mg/kg ip it blocked the development of fever, and at 13.44 mg/kg ip attenuated existing PGE2-induced fever. In mice 5,6-dimetylisatin in a dose of 0.02 mg/kg ip both blocked fever initiation and attenuated the existing fever in mice, in rats in a dose of 0.42 mg/kg ip it blocked the initiation of fever, and at 0.21 mg/kg ip attenuated the existing PGE2-induced fever. In mice 6-hydroxyisatin in a dose of 5.2 mg/kg blocked the development of fever, and at 10.4 mg/kg attenuated the existing fever. In rats in a dose of 10.40 mg/kg ip it blocked fever development and also attenuated the existing fever. In mice, 7-ethylisatin in a dose of 0.02 mg/kg ip both blocked fever initiation and also attenuated the existing fever. In rats, a dose of 0.11 mg/kg both blocked fever initiation and also attenuated the existing fever. In mice, N-acethylisatin in the dose of 0.005 mg/kg blocked fever initiation, while at 1.024 mg/kg it attenuated existing fever, in rats, in a dose of 0.096 mg/kg it blocked fever initiation, and at 0.384 mg/kg attenuated the existing fever. The results demonstrate that 7-ethyl- and N-acetylisatin are the most effective of these compounds both in blocking the development of PGE2-induced fever and also in attenuating existing the PGE 2-induced fever.
基金supported by Marine Industry Research Special Funds for Public Welfare Projects(201205024–1)The Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(ysxk-2010)
文摘Thais luteostoma has been utilized as a crude drug whose shell and soft tissue have been widely used for the treatment of heat syndrome in China for thousands of years. The present study was designed to investigate the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of T. luteostoma. T. luteostoma was divided into shell （TLSH） and soft tissue （TLST） samples in the present study. The rat model of yeast-induced fever was used to investigate their antipyretic effects; and the rat model of hind paw edema induced by carrageenan was utilized to study their anti-inflammatory activities, and at the same time, the concentration variations of the central neurotransmitter [prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） and cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）], inflammatory mediators [tumor necrosis factor （TNFα）, interleukin-1β （IL-1）, interleukin-2 （IL-2） and interleukin-6 （IL-6）] and ion （Na^＋ and Ca^2＋） were also tested. The results showed that TLSH and TLST extracts significantly inhibited yeast-induced pyrexia in rats （P 〈 0.05）, and exhibited more lasting effects as compared to aspirin, and TLSH had the better antipyretic activity than TLST, and that TLSH and TLST could significantly prevent against carrageenan induced paw edema in rats （P 〈 0.05）; and markedly reduced levels of PGE2, cAMP, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and Na^＋/Ca^2＋. In fever model, TLST could significantly reduce the levels of PGE2 （P 〈 0.01） in rats＇ homogenate and TNF a （P 〈 0.05）, IL-113 （P 〈 0.01） in the plasma than TLSH, whereas TLSH could reduce the content of IL-2 （P 〈 0.01） and IL-6 （P 〈 0.01） in plasma and increase the content of Ca2＋ （P 〈 0.01） in plasma and homogenate more significantly than TLST. In conclusion, T. luteostoma extract has antipyretie and anti-inflammatory activities, which may be mediated through the suppression of production of PGE2, cAMP, Na^＋/Ca^2＋ , TNF a, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81030066)
文摘Objective： Mahuang-Shigao herb-pair is a famous formula composed of Ephedra and Gypsum. The herb-pair is frequently used for treating cold symptoms and bronchial asthma in the clinical practice of Chinese medicine （CM）. In the present study, we evaluated evidence for the benefit of combined use of Ephedra and Gypsum by analyzing the antipyretic and anti-asthmatic activities of Ephedra-Gypsum. Methods： The antipyretic effects of Ephedra-Gypsum were evaluated in yeast-induced hyperthermia test. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including control group, standard aspirin group, and 3 Ephedra- Gypsum groups of different doses （6, 12, 24 g/kg）. Ephedra-Gypsum extract and asprin were administered orally 6 h after the injection of yeast solution and body temperature was measured every 1 h for 8 h. The anti- asthmatic effects of Ephedra-Gypsum were evaluated using an ovalbumin （OVA）-induced asthmatic rat model. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Rats were alternately sensitized and OVA＋Al（OH）3 challenged by exposure to mists of ovalbumin. Ephedra-Gypsum extracts （6, 12, 24 g/kg） or dexamethasone were administered 45 min prior to the allergen challenge for 8 days. Latent period and the weight of wet to dry ratio of lung were determined. In addition, the eosinophils in blood and white blood cell （WBC） were counted by an YZ-Hemavet Analyzer. Results： The Ephedra-Gypsum extracts at test dose （6, 12, 24 g/kg） significantly and dose-dependently attenuated yeast-induced fever in rats. The Ephedra-Gypsum extracts also prolonged the latent period, reduced OVA-induced increases in eosinophils and WBC, and decreased the wet and dry weight ratio of the lungs in the anti-asthmatic test. Conclusions： These findings indicate that the Ephedra-Gypsum extract has antipyretic and anti-asthmatic properties. Hence, the results support additional scientific evidence in prescriptions.
