Morphologically putative introgressive hybrids of Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. tosaense Makino were newly found in Kochi and Tokushima Prefectures in Japan. All the individuals have the same morphologica...Morphologically putative introgressive hybrids of Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. tosaense Makino were newly found in Kochi and Tokushima Prefectures in Japan. All the individuals have the same morphological characteristics as A. tosaense excluding a purple spathe. Molecular analysis using PCR-RFLP of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in nuclear DNA (nrDNA) indicates that these putative introgressive hybrids have the same pattern as A. tosaense. Moreover, the sequences of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of the putative introgressive hybrids were identical to A. sikokianum from Kochi Prefecture and A. tosaense from Tokushima Prefecture. The results suggest that the plants are introgressive hybrids of A. sikokianum and A. tosaense and that they have highly exchanged genes with A. tosaense.展开更多
A morphologically intermediate plant between Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. serratum (Thunb.) Schott has been newly found in Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. The putative hybrid has the intermediate morph...A morphologically intermediate plant between Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. serratum (Thunb.) Schott has been newly found in Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. The putative hybrid has the intermediate morphological characteristics of the parental species. Molecular analysis using PCR-RFLP of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in nuclear DNA (nrDNA) indicates that the putative hybrid has a combined pattern of the two putative parent species. Moreover, the sequence result of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of the putative hybrid was identical to that of A. sikokianum. These results suggest that the putative hybrid is a hybrid between A. sikokianum and A. serratum and that it was formed by interactive gene exchanging via pollens from A. serratum to A. sikokianum. It is the first record of a hybrid between A. sikokianum and A. serratum.展开更多
The relationships between Araceae diversity and altitude gradients in mountain ecosystem at Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province in Thailand, were studied during January 2016-March 2018. The strip-plots, ...The relationships between Araceae diversity and altitude gradients in mountain ecosystem at Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province in Thailand, were studied during January 2016-March 2018. The strip-plots, 10 m × 1,000 m along the five nature trails, were established from 300-500, 501-800, 801-1,100, 1,101-1,400, 1,401-1,685 m above mean sea level (amsl). Twenty species of 11 genera were found. Alocasia navicularis and Lemna sp. were found at 300-500 m amsl, wild taro (Colocasia esculenta) was at 300-800 m amsl, A. acuminata was at 300-1,400 m amsl, while Amorphophallus krausei, Hapaline benthamiana, Lasia spinosa, Rhaphidophora chevalieri and R. megaphylla were at 501-800 m amsl, but dwarf taro (C. affinis) was at 501-1,400 m amsl, Homalomena aromatica was at 801-1,100 m amsl, A. fuscus, A. thaiensis were at 801-1,685 m amsl, A. yunnanensis was at 1,101-1,685 m amsl, only five species, Arisaema consanguineum, A. kerrii, Remusatia hookeriana, R. peepla and Sauromatum horsfieldii were found at 1,401-1,685 m amsl. Species diversity in the rainy season was the highest (1.75), the top five dominant species were dwarf taro (C. affinis), wild taro (C. esculenta), A. fuscus, A. acuminata and A. thaiensis (importance value index (IVI%): 61.54, 24.13, 17.12, 16.52 and 9.60, respectively). In dry season, the dominant species was wild taro. The altitude gradients showed the main effect on diversity and distribution of Araceae.展开更多
Arisaema tosaense Makino develops either 1 or 2 leaves during both the male and female phases. To clarify the relationship between growth stage (sexual stage) and leaf number in this species, we conducted morphologica...Arisaema tosaense Makino develops either 1 or 2 leaves during both the male and female phases. To clarify the relationship between growth stage (sexual stage) and leaf number in this species, we conducted morphological analysis using A. tosaense, A. japonicum Bulme, A. sikokianum French. & Sav., and A. ringens (Thunb.) Schott. We found that increase in size of pseudostem of these Arisaema species is correlated to changes in the growth stage from sterile to male and from male to female phases. In particular, 1-leaf individuals of A. tosaense appeared at the beginning of both male and female phases, suggesting that they contribute to the earlier appearance of the fertile phase from sterile展开更多
The full-length cDNA of Pinellia ternata agglutinin (PTA) was cloned from inflorescences using RACE-PCR. Through comparative analysis of PTA gene (pta) and its deduced amino acid sequence with those of other Araceae s...The full-length cDNA of Pinellia ternata agglutinin (PTA) was cloned from inflorescences using RACE-PCR. Through comparative analysis of PTA gene (pta) and its deduced amino acid sequence with those of other Araceae species, pta was found to encode a precursor lectin with signal peptide and to have extensive homology with those of other Araceae species. PTA was a heterotetrameric mannose-binding lectin with three mannose-binding boxes like lectins from other Araceae and Amaryllidaceae species. Southern blot analysis of the genomic DNA revealed that pta belonged to a low-copy gene family. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that pta constitutively expressed in various plant tissues including root, leaf, stem and inflorescence. The pta cDNA sequence encoding for mature PTA protein was cloned into pET-32a plasmid and the resulting plasmid, pET-32a-PTA containing Trx-PTA fusion protein, was investigated for the expression in E. coli BL21. SDS-PAGE gel analysis showed that the Trx-PTA fusion protein was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 when induced by IPTG. Artificial diet assay revealed that PTA fusion protein had significant levels of resistance against peach potato aphids when incorporated into artificial diet at 0.1% (w/v). The cloning of the pta gene will enable us to further test its effect in depth on aphids by transferring the gene into crop plants.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the fractionated extract as well as isolated compounds of Arum palaestinum Boiss.(A. palaestinum)(black calla lily), and to identify the volatile components wh...Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the fractionated extract as well as isolated compounds of Arum palaestinum Boiss.(A. palaestinum)(black calla lily), and to identify the volatile components which may be responsible for the potential antitumor activity.Methods: A. palaestinum was collected from its natural habitats and subjected to phytochemical analysis for separation of pure compounds. In vitro cytotoxic activity was investigated against four human carcinoma cell lines Hep2, He La, Hep G2 and MCF7 for the fractionated extract and isolated compounds. While, the diethyl ether fraction was subjected to GC–MS analysis as it exhibited the most potent cytotoxic effect to evaluate the active constituents responsible for the cytotoxic activities.Results: Four flavonoid compounds were isolated(luteolin, chrysoeriol, isoorientin,isovitexin) from the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The extracts and the pure isolated compounds showed a significant high antiproliferative activity against all investigated cell lines. The GC–MS analysis revealed the separation and identification of 15 compounds representing 95.01% of the extract and belonging to different groups of chemical compounds.Conclusions: The present study is considered to be the first report on the cytotoxic activities carried out on different selected fractions and pure compounds of A. palaestinum to provide evidences for its strong antitumor activities. In addition,chrysoeriol and isovitexin compounds were isolated for the first time from the studied taxa.展开更多
In this study,embryogenic cell aggregates obtained from the established embryogenic cell suspension culture system of Anthurium andraeanum‘Alabama’were used as experimental materials to investigate the effects of ka...In this study,embryogenic cell aggregates obtained from the established embryogenic cell suspension culture system of Anthurium andraeanum‘Alabama’were used as experimental materials to investigate the effects of kanamycin and hygromycin on survival rate of cell aggregates,somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration of A.andraeanum.According to the results,at the embryonic cell propagation stage,lethal doses of kanamycin and hygromycin to embryogenic cell aggregates of A.andraeanum were 200 and 60 mg/L,respectively;at the differentiation stage,either 150 mg/L kanamycin or 40 mg/L hygromycin could inhibit somatic embryogenesis;either 100 mg/L kanamycin or 20 mg/L hygromycin could inhibit plantlet regeneration.These results provided important reference for further studies of transgenic A.andraeanum.展开更多
Since Doi et al. (1967) discovered mycoplasma-like organisms in plants, more than 90 plant diseases have been proved to be caused by them. The present paper reports the mycoplasma-like organisms observed in leaves of ...Since Doi et al. (1967) discovered mycoplasma-like organisms in plants, more than 90 plant diseases have been proved to be caused by them. The present paper reports the mycoplasma-like organisms observed in leaves of Caladium hortulanum of Araceae.展开更多
文摘Morphologically putative introgressive hybrids of Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. tosaense Makino were newly found in Kochi and Tokushima Prefectures in Japan. All the individuals have the same morphological characteristics as A. tosaense excluding a purple spathe. Molecular analysis using PCR-RFLP of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in nuclear DNA (nrDNA) indicates that these putative introgressive hybrids have the same pattern as A. tosaense. Moreover, the sequences of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of the putative introgressive hybrids were identical to A. sikokianum from Kochi Prefecture and A. tosaense from Tokushima Prefecture. The results suggest that the plants are introgressive hybrids of A. sikokianum and A. tosaense and that they have highly exchanged genes with A. tosaense.
文摘A morphologically intermediate plant between Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. serratum (Thunb.) Schott has been newly found in Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. The putative hybrid has the intermediate morphological characteristics of the parental species. Molecular analysis using PCR-RFLP of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in nuclear DNA (nrDNA) indicates that the putative hybrid has a combined pattern of the two putative parent species. Moreover, the sequence result of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of the putative hybrid was identical to that of A. sikokianum. These results suggest that the putative hybrid is a hybrid between A. sikokianum and A. serratum and that it was formed by interactive gene exchanging via pollens from A. serratum to A. sikokianum. It is the first record of a hybrid between A. sikokianum and A. serratum.
文摘The relationships between Araceae diversity and altitude gradients in mountain ecosystem at Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province in Thailand, were studied during January 2016-March 2018. The strip-plots, 10 m × 1,000 m along the five nature trails, were established from 300-500, 501-800, 801-1,100, 1,101-1,400, 1,401-1,685 m above mean sea level (amsl). Twenty species of 11 genera were found. Alocasia navicularis and Lemna sp. were found at 300-500 m amsl, wild taro (Colocasia esculenta) was at 300-800 m amsl, A. acuminata was at 300-1,400 m amsl, while Amorphophallus krausei, Hapaline benthamiana, Lasia spinosa, Rhaphidophora chevalieri and R. megaphylla were at 501-800 m amsl, but dwarf taro (C. affinis) was at 501-1,400 m amsl, Homalomena aromatica was at 801-1,100 m amsl, A. fuscus, A. thaiensis were at 801-1,685 m amsl, A. yunnanensis was at 1,101-1,685 m amsl, only five species, Arisaema consanguineum, A. kerrii, Remusatia hookeriana, R. peepla and Sauromatum horsfieldii were found at 1,401-1,685 m amsl. Species diversity in the rainy season was the highest (1.75), the top five dominant species were dwarf taro (C. affinis), wild taro (C. esculenta), A. fuscus, A. acuminata and A. thaiensis (importance value index (IVI%): 61.54, 24.13, 17.12, 16.52 and 9.60, respectively). In dry season, the dominant species was wild taro. The altitude gradients showed the main effect on diversity and distribution of Araceae.
文摘Arisaema tosaense Makino develops either 1 or 2 leaves during both the male and female phases. To clarify the relationship between growth stage (sexual stage) and leaf number in this species, we conducted morphological analysis using A. tosaense, A. japonicum Bulme, A. sikokianum French. & Sav., and A. ringens (Thunb.) Schott. We found that increase in size of pseudostem of these Arisaema species is correlated to changes in the growth stage from sterile to male and from male to female phases. In particular, 1-leaf individuals of A. tosaense appeared at the beginning of both male and female phases, suggesting that they contribute to the earlier appearance of the fertile phase from sterile
文摘The full-length cDNA of Pinellia ternata agglutinin (PTA) was cloned from inflorescences using RACE-PCR. Through comparative analysis of PTA gene (pta) and its deduced amino acid sequence with those of other Araceae species, pta was found to encode a precursor lectin with signal peptide and to have extensive homology with those of other Araceae species. PTA was a heterotetrameric mannose-binding lectin with three mannose-binding boxes like lectins from other Araceae and Amaryllidaceae species. Southern blot analysis of the genomic DNA revealed that pta belonged to a low-copy gene family. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that pta constitutively expressed in various plant tissues including root, leaf, stem and inflorescence. The pta cDNA sequence encoding for mature PTA protein was cloned into pET-32a plasmid and the resulting plasmid, pET-32a-PTA containing Trx-PTA fusion protein, was investigated for the expression in E. coli BL21. SDS-PAGE gel analysis showed that the Trx-PTA fusion protein was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 when induced by IPTG. Artificial diet assay revealed that PTA fusion protein had significant levels of resistance against peach potato aphids when incorporated into artificial diet at 0.1% (w/v). The cloning of the pta gene will enable us to further test its effect in depth on aphids by transferring the gene into crop plants.
基金Support by Science and Technology Development Fund,with Grant No.4402
文摘Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the fractionated extract as well as isolated compounds of Arum palaestinum Boiss.(A. palaestinum)(black calla lily), and to identify the volatile components which may be responsible for the potential antitumor activity.Methods: A. palaestinum was collected from its natural habitats and subjected to phytochemical analysis for separation of pure compounds. In vitro cytotoxic activity was investigated against four human carcinoma cell lines Hep2, He La, Hep G2 and MCF7 for the fractionated extract and isolated compounds. While, the diethyl ether fraction was subjected to GC–MS analysis as it exhibited the most potent cytotoxic effect to evaluate the active constituents responsible for the cytotoxic activities.Results: Four flavonoid compounds were isolated(luteolin, chrysoeriol, isoorientin,isovitexin) from the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The extracts and the pure isolated compounds showed a significant high antiproliferative activity against all investigated cell lines. The GC–MS analysis revealed the separation and identification of 15 compounds representing 95.01% of the extract and belonging to different groups of chemical compounds.Conclusions: The present study is considered to be the first report on the cytotoxic activities carried out on different selected fractions and pure compounds of A. palaestinum to provide evidences for its strong antitumor activities. In addition,chrysoeriol and isovitexin compounds were isolated for the first time from the studied taxa.
基金Supported by Special Fund of President of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(201217)
文摘In this study,embryogenic cell aggregates obtained from the established embryogenic cell suspension culture system of Anthurium andraeanum‘Alabama’were used as experimental materials to investigate the effects of kanamycin and hygromycin on survival rate of cell aggregates,somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration of A.andraeanum.According to the results,at the embryonic cell propagation stage,lethal doses of kanamycin and hygromycin to embryogenic cell aggregates of A.andraeanum were 200 and 60 mg/L,respectively;at the differentiation stage,either 150 mg/L kanamycin or 40 mg/L hygromycin could inhibit somatic embryogenesis;either 100 mg/L kanamycin or 20 mg/L hygromycin could inhibit plantlet regeneration.These results provided important reference for further studies of transgenic A.andraeanum.
文摘Since Doi et al. (1967) discovered mycoplasma-like organisms in plants, more than 90 plant diseases have been proved to be caused by them. The present paper reports the mycoplasma-like organisms observed in leaves of Caladium hortulanum of Araceae.
