Deep learning accelerators(DLAs)have been proved to be efficient computational devices for processing deep learning algorithms.Various DLA architectures are proposed and applied to different applications and tasks.How...Deep learning accelerators(DLAs)have been proved to be efficient computational devices for processing deep learning algorithms.Various DLA architectures are proposed and applied to different applications and tasks.However,for most DLAs,their programming interfaces are either difficult to use or not efficient enough.Most DLAs require programmers to directly write instructions,which is time-consuming and error-prone.Another prevailing programming interface for DLAs is high-performance libraries and deep learning frameworks,which are easy to be used and very friendly to users,but their high abstraction level limits their control capacity over the hardware resources thus compromises the efficiency of the accelerator.A design of the programming interface is for DLAs.First various existing DLAs and their programming methods are analyzed and a methodology for designing programming interface for DLAs is proposed,which is a high-level assembly language(called DLA-AL),assembler and runtime for DLAs.DLA-AL is composed of a low-level assembly language and a set of high-level blocks.It allows experienced experts to fully exploit the potential of DLAs and achieve near-optimal performance.Meanwhile,by using DLA-AL,end-users who have little knowledge of the hardware are able to develop deep learning algorithms on DLAs spending minimal programming efforts.展开更多
The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demon-strated significant potential in advancing technological devices.However,achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomate-rials,enabling the cr...The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demon-strated significant potential in advancing technological devices.However,achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomate-rials,enabling the creation of hierarchical structures with distinctive func-tionalities,remains a formidable challenge.Here,we present a method for nanomaterial assembly enhanced by ionic liquids,which enables the fabrication of highly stable,flexible,and transparent electrodes featuring an organized layered structure.The utilization of hydrophobic and non-volatile ionic liquids facilitates the production of stable interfaces with water,effectively preventing the sedimentation of 1D/2D nanomaterials assembled at the interface.Furthermore,the interfacially assembled nanomaterial monolayer exhibits an alternate self-climbing behavior,enabling layer-by-layer transfer and the formation of a well-ordered MXene-wrapped silver nanowire network film.The resulting composite film not only demonstrates exceptional photoelectric performance with a sheet resistance of 9.4Ωsq^(-1) and 93%transmittance,but also showcases remarkable environmental stability and mechanical flexibility.Particularly noteworthy is its application in transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials and triboelectric nanogenerator devices.This research introduces an innovative approach to manufacture and tailor functional devices based on ordered nanomaterials.展开更多
The dynamic balance assessment during the assembly of the coordinator gyroscope significantly impacts the guidance accuracy of precision-guided equipment.In dynamic balance debugging,reliance on rudimentary counterwei...The dynamic balance assessment during the assembly of the coordinator gyroscope significantly impacts the guidance accuracy of precision-guided equipment.In dynamic balance debugging,reliance on rudimentary counterweight empirical formulas persists,resulting in suboptimal debugging accuracy and an increased repetition rate.To mitigate this challenge,we present a multi-head residual graph attention network(ResGAT)model,designed to predict dynamic balance counterweights with high precision.In this research,we employ graph neural networks for interaction feature extraction from assembly graph data.An SDAE-GPC model is designed for the assembly condition classification to derive graph data inputs for the ResGAT regression model,which is capable of predicting gyroscope counterweights under small-sample conditions.The results of our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in predicting dynamic gyroscope counterweight in its assembly process.Our approach surpasses current methods in mitigating repetition rates and enhancing the assembly efficiency of gyroscopes.展开更多
There are lots of researches on fixture layout optimization for large thin-walled parts.Current researches focus on the positioning problem,i.e.,optimizing the positions of a constant number of fixtures.However,how to...There are lots of researches on fixture layout optimization for large thin-walled parts.Current researches focus on the positioning problem,i.e.,optimizing the positions of a constant number of fixtures.However,how to determine the number of fixtures is ignored.In most cases,the number of fixtures located on large thin-walled parts is determined based on engineering experience,which leads to huge fixture number and extra waste.Therefore,this paper constructs an optimization model to minimize the number of fixtures.The constraints are set in the optimization model to ensure that the part deformation is within the surface profile tolerance.In addition,the assembly gap between two parts is also controlled.To conduct the optimization,this paper develops an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm by integrating the shrinkage factor and adaptive inertia weight.In the algorithm,particles are encoded according to the fixture position.Each dimension of the particle is assigned to a sub-region by constraining the optional position range of each fixture to improve the optimization efficiency.Finally,a case study on ship curved panel assembly is provided to prove that our method can optimize the number of fixtures while meeting the assembly quality requirements.This research proposes a method to optimize the number of fixtures,which can reduce the number of fixtures and achieve deformation control at the same time.展开更多
Black phosphorus with a superior theoretical capacity(2596 mAh g^(-1))and high conductivity is regarded as one of the powerful candidates for lithium-ion battery(LIB)anode materials,whereas the severe volume expansion...Black phosphorus with a superior theoretical capacity(2596 mAh g^(-1))and high conductivity is regarded as one of the powerful candidates for lithium-ion battery(LIB)anode materials,whereas the severe volume expansion and sluggish kinetics still impede its applications in LIBs.By contrast,the exfoliated two-dimensional phosphorene owns negligible volume variation,and its intrinsic piezoelectricity is considered to be beneficial to the Li-ion transfer kinetics,while its positive influence has not been discussed yet.Herein,a phosphorene/MXene heterostructure-textured nanopiezocomposite is proposed with even phosphorene distribution and enhanced piezo-electrochemical coupling as an applicable free-standing asymmetric membrane electrode beyond the skin effect for enhanced Li-ion storage.The experimental and simulation analysis reveals that the embedded phosphorene nanosheets not only provide abundant active sites for Li-ions,but also endow the nanocomposite with favorable piezoelectricity,thus promoting the Li-ion transfer kinetics by generating the piezoelectric field serving as an extra accelerator.By waltzing with the MXene framework,the optimized electrode exhibits enhanced kinetics and stability,achieving stable cycling performances for 1,000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1),and delivering a high reversible capacity of 524 m Ah g^(-1)at-20℃,indicating the positive influence of the structural merits of self-assembled nanopiezocomposites on promoting stability and kinetics.展开更多
Accurate genomic information is essential for advancing genetic breeding research in specific rice varieties.This study presented a gapless genome assembly of the indica rice cultivar Zhonghui 8015(ZH8015)using Pac Bi...Accurate genomic information is essential for advancing genetic breeding research in specific rice varieties.This study presented a gapless genome assembly of the indica rice cultivar Zhonghui 8015(ZH8015)using Pac Bio HiFi,Hi-C,and ONT(Oxford Nanopore Technologies)ultra-long sequencing technologies,annotating 43037 gene structures.Subsequently,utilizing this genome along with transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques,we explored ZH8015's response to brown planthopper(BPH)infestation.Continuous transcriptomic sampling indicated significant changes in gene expression levels around 48 h after BPH feeding.Enrichment analysis revealed particularly significant alterations in genes related to reactive oxygen species scavenging and cell wall formation.Metabolomic results demonstrated marked increases in levels of several monosaccharides,which are components of the cell wall and dramatic changes in flavonoid contents.Omics association analysis identified differentially expressed genes associated with key metabolites,shedding light on ZH8015's response to BPH infestation.In summary,this study constructed a reliable genome sequence resource for ZH8015,and the preliminary multi-omics results will guide future insect-resistant breeding research.展开更多
Beta diversity,the variation of community composition among sites,bridges alpha and gamma diversity and can reveal the mechanisms of community assembly through applying distance-decay models and/or partitioning beta d...Beta diversity,the variation of community composition among sites,bridges alpha and gamma diversity and can reveal the mechanisms of community assembly through applying distance-decay models and/or partitioning beta diversity into turnover and nestedness components from functional and phylogenetic perspectives.Mountains as the most natural experiment system provide good opportunities for exploring beta diversity patterns and the underlying ecological processes.Here,we simultaneously consider distance-decay models and multiple di-mensions of beta diversity to examine spatial variations of bird communities,and to evaluate the relative importance of niche-based and neutral community assembly mechanisms along a 3600-m elevational gradient in the central Himalayas,China.Our results showed that species turnover dominates taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity.We observed strongest evidence of spatial distance decays in taxonomic similarities of birds,followed by its phylogenetic and functional analogues.Turnover component was highest in taxonomic beta diversity,while nestedness component was highest in functional beta diversity.Further,all correlations of assemblage similarity with climatic distance were higher than that with spatial distances.Standardized values of overall taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity and their turnover components increase with increasing elevational distance,while the standardized values of taxonomic and phylogenetic nestedness decreased with increasing elevational distance.Our results highlighted the niche-based deterministic processes in shaping elevational bird diversity patterns that were determined by the relative roles of decreasing trend of environmental filtering and increasing trend of limiting similarity along elevation distances.展开更多
In eukaryotic organisms,the most common internal modification of messenger RNA(m RNA)is N6-methyladenosine(m6A).This modification can be dynamically and reversibly controlled by specific enzymes known as m6A writers a...In eukaryotic organisms,the most common internal modification of messenger RNA(m RNA)is N6-methyladenosine(m6A).This modification can be dynamically and reversibly controlled by specific enzymes known as m6A writers and erasers.The fat-mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)catalyzes RNA demethylation and plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes.Our research identified dynamic alterations in both m6A and FTO during the assembly of primordial follicles,with an inverse relationship observed for m6A levels and nuclear-localized FTO expression.Application of Fto small interfering RNA(si RNA)altered the expression of genes related to cell proliferation,hormone regulation,and cell chemotaxis,and affected RNA alternative splicing.Overexpression of the full-length Fto gene led to changes in m6A levels,alternative splicing of Cdk5,cell proliferation,cell cycle progression,and proportion of primordial follicles.Conversely,overexpression of Fto lacking a nuclear localization signal(NLS)did not significantly alter m6A levels or primordial follicle assembly.These findings suggest that FTO,localized in the nucleus but not in the cytoplasm,regulates RNA m6A demethylation and plays a role in cell proliferation,cell cycle progression,and primordial follicle assembly.These results highlight the potential of m6A and its eraser FTO as possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets.展开更多
Tau protein is encoded by the microtubuleassociated protein tau(MAPT)gene and stabilizes microtubules in the neurons.Tau has unique biophysical properties that make it both highly water-soluble and positively charged....Tau protein is encoded by the microtubuleassociated protein tau(MAPT)gene and stabilizes microtubules in the neurons.Tau has unique biophysical properties that make it both highly water-soluble and positively charged.Although tau is an intrinsically disordered protein lacking defined secondary structures,it can acquire highly organized-sheet structures and stack into a filamentous inclusion such as a paired helical filament(PHF).展开更多
An increasing number of researchers have researched fixture layout optimization for thin-walled part assembly during the past decades.However,few papers systematically review these researches.By analyzing existing lit...An increasing number of researchers have researched fixture layout optimization for thin-walled part assembly during the past decades.However,few papers systematically review these researches.By analyzing existing literature,this paper summarizes the process of fixture layout optimization and the methods applied.The process of optimization is made up of optimization objective setting,assembly variation/deformation modeling,and fixture layout optimization.This paper makes a review of the fixture layout for thin-walled parts according to these three steps.First,two different kinds of optimization objectives are introduced.Researchers usually consider in-plane variations or out-of-plane deformations when designing objectives.Then,modeling methods for assembly variation and deformation are divided into two categories:Mechanism-based and data-based methods.Several common methods are discussed respectively.After that,optimization algorithms are reviewed systematically.There are two kinds of optimization algorithms:Traditional nonlinear programming and heuristic algorithms.Finally,discussions on the current situation are provided.The research direction of fixture layout optimization in the future is discussed from three aspects:Objective setting,improving modeling accuracy and optimization algorithms.Also,a new research point for fixture layout optimization is discussed.This paper systematically reviews the research on fixture layout optimization for thin-walled parts,and provides a reference for future research in this field.展开更多
Hapalogenys analis(order Lobotiformes)is an economically and ecologically significant fish species.It is a typical sedentary rocky reef fish and is primarily found in the northern Pacific Ocean.Here,we used Hi-C and P...Hapalogenys analis(order Lobotiformes)is an economically and ecologically significant fish species.It is a typical sedentary rocky reef fish and is primarily found in the northern Pacific Ocean.Here,we used Hi-C and PacBio sequencing technique to assemble a high-quality,chromosome-level genome for this species.The 539 Mb genome had a contig N50 with a size of 3.43 Mb,while 755 contigs clustered into 24 chromosomal groups with an anchoring rate of 99.02%.Of the total genomic sequence,132.74Mb(24.39%)were annotated as repeat elements.A total of 21360 protein-coding genes were identified,of which 20787 genes(97.32%)were successfully annotated to public databases.The BUSCO evaluation indicated that 96.90%of the total orthologous genes were matched.The phylogenetic tree representing H.analis and 14 other bony fish species indicated that the H.analis genome contained 364 expanded gene families related to olfactory receptor activity,compared with the common ancestor of H.analis and Sciaenidae.Comparative genomic analysis further identified 3584 contracted gene families.Branch-site modeling identified 277 genes experiencing positive selection,which may facilitate the adaptation to rocky reef environments.The genome reported here is helpful for ecological and evolutionary studies of H.analis.展开更多
Soybean(Glycine max)stands as a globally significant agricultural crop,and the comprehensive assembly of its genome is of paramount importance for unraveling its biological characteristics and evolutionary history.Nev...Soybean(Glycine max)stands as a globally significant agricultural crop,and the comprehensive assembly of its genome is of paramount importance for unraveling its biological characteristics and evolutionary history.Nevertheless,previous soybean genome assemblies have harbored gaps and incompleteness,which have constrained in-depth investigations into soybean.Here,we present Telomere-to-Telomere(T2T)assembly of the Chinese soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 13(ZH13)genome,termed ZH13-T2T,utilizing PacBio Hifi and ONT ultralong reads.We employed a multi-assembler approach,integrating Hifiasm,NextDenovo,and Canu,to minimize biases and enhance assembly accuracy.The assembly spans 1,015,024,879 bp,effectively resolving all 393 gaps that previously plagued the reference genome.Our annotation efforts identified 50,564 high-confidence protein-coding genes,707 of which are novel.ZH13-T2T revealed longer chromosomes,421 not-aligned regions(NARs),112 structure variations(SVs),and a substantial expansion of repetitive element compared to earlier assemblies.Specifically,we identified 25.67 Mb of tandem repeats,an enrichment of 5S and 48S rDNAs,and characterized their genotypic diversity.In summary,we deliver the first complete Chinese soybean cultivar T2T genome.The comprehensive annotation,along with precise centromere and telomere characterization,as well as insights into structural variations,further enhance our understanding of soybean genetics and evolution.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)is of paramount significance to the development of clean energy.The components of PEMFC are assembled using many pairs of nuts and bolts.The assembly champing bolt torque is cr...Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)is of paramount significance to the development of clean energy.The components of PEMFC are assembled using many pairs of nuts and bolts.The assembly champing bolt torque is critical to the electrochemical performance and mechanical stability of PEMFC.In this paper,a PEMFC with the threechannel serpentine flow field was used and studied.The different assembly clamping bolt torques were applied to the PEMFC in three uniform assembly bolt torque and six non-uniform assembly bolt torque conditions,respectively.And then,the electrochemical performance experiments were performed to study the effect of the assembly bolt torque on the electrochemical performance.The test results show that the assembly bolt torque significantly affected the electrochemical performance of the PEMFC.In uniform assembly bolt torque conditions,the maximal power density increased initially as the assembly bolt torque increased,and then decreased on further increasing the assembly torque.It existed the optimum assembly torque which was found to be 3.0 N·m in this work.In non-uniform assembly clamping bolt torque conditions,the optimum electrochemical performance appeared in the condition where the assembly torque of each bolt was closer to be 3.0 N·m.This could be due to the change of the contact resistance between the gas diffusion layer and bipolar plate and mass transport resistance for the hydrogen and oxygen towards the catalyst layers.This work could optimize the assembly force conditions and provide useful information for the practical PEMFC stack assembly.展开更多
Adequate vascularization is a critical determinant for the successful construction and clinical implementation of complex organotypic tissue models. Currently, low cell and vessel density and insufficient vascular mat...Adequate vascularization is a critical determinant for the successful construction and clinical implementation of complex organotypic tissue models. Currently, low cell and vessel density and insufficient vascular maturation make vascularized organotypic tissue construction difficult,greatly limiting its use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. To address these limitations, recent studies have adopted pre-vascularized microtissue assembly for the rapid generation of functional tissue analogs with dense vascular networks and high cell density. In this article, we summarize the development of module assembly-based vascularized organotypic tissue construction and its application in tissue repair and regeneration, organ-scale tissue biomanufacturing, as well as advanced tissue modeling.展开更多
Plants of the Caprifoliaceae family are widely cultivated worldwide as ornamental plants owing to their numerous,sweet-smelling,beautiful flowers and fruits.Heptacodium miconioides Rehd.,a member of the family,is ende...Plants of the Caprifoliaceae family are widely cultivated worldwide as ornamental plants owing to their numerous,sweet-smelling,beautiful flowers and fruits.Heptacodium miconioides Rehd.,a member of the family,is endemic to eastern China and is cultivated as a popular ornamental plant in North America and European countries.It has a rather novel and beautiful trait of high horticultural value,that is,its sepals persist and enlarge,turning purplish red.Here,we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of H.miconioides to understand its evolution and floral characteristics.The 622.28 Mb assembled genome harbored a shared whole-genome duplication with a related species,Lonicera japonica.Comparative genomic analysis suggested that chromosome fission events following genome duplication underlie the unusual chromosome number of these two species,as well as chromosome fission of another five chromosomes in H.miconioides,giving rise to a haploid chromosome number of 14(versus 9 in L.japonica).In addition,based on transcriptome and chloroplast genome analysis of 17 representative species in the Caprifoliaceae,we assumed that large structural variations in the chromosomes of H.miconioides were not caused by hybridization.Changes in the candidate genes of the MADS-box family were detected in the H.miconioides genome,including AP1-,AP3-,and SEPexpanded,which might underlie the sepal elongation and development in this species.The current findings provided a critical resource for genome evolution studies in Caprifoliaceae and it was an example of how multi-omics data can elucidate the regulation of important ornamental traits.展开更多
The development and maturation of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing system provides a valuable tool for plant functional genomics and genetic improvement.Currently available genome-editing tools have a limited number of t...The development and maturation of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing system provides a valuable tool for plant functional genomics and genetic improvement.Currently available genome-editing tools have a limited number of targets,restricting their application in genetic research.In this study,we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9 plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system consisting of two template vectors,eight donor vectors,four destination vectors,and one primer-design software package.By combining the advantages of Golden Gate cloning to assemble multiple repetitive fragments and Gateway recombination to assemble large fragments and by changing the structure of the amplicons used to assemble sg RNA expression cassettes,the plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system can assemble a single binary vector targeting more than 40 genomic loci.A rice knockout vector containing 49 sg RNA expression cassettes was assembled and a high co-editing efficiency was observed.This plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system advances synthetic biology and plant genetic engineering.展开更多
Chirality is one of the fundamental properties of molecules traditionally con-structed from atoms.Here,we report for thefirst time the successful construction of asymmetric chiral structures utilizing highly symmetric ...Chirality is one of the fundamental properties of molecules traditionally con-structed from atoms.Here,we report for thefirst time the successful construction of asymmetric chiral structures utilizing highly symmetric endohedral metallo-fullerene superatoms based on their own bonding properties.Specifically,stable mirror-symmetric sinister and rectus structures are obtained by selecting a super-atom capable of forming four chemical bonds as the chiral center.Further analysis shows that the chiral vibration frequency of superatomic assemblies can be as low as a few wavenumbers,which greatly expands the range of chiral spectra com-pared to atom-based molecules.We term this type of chirality based on superatoms as“superatomic-based chirality”.It is anticipated that this work will significantly expand the variety of chiral structures at the atomic level.展开更多
Although natural polymers have been widely used in constructing bone scaffolds,it still remains challenging to fabricate natural polymer-derived bone scaffolds with biomimetic mechanical properties as well as outstand...Although natural polymers have been widely used in constructing bone scaffolds,it still remains challenging to fabricate natural polymer-derived bone scaffolds with biomimetic mechanical properties as well as outstanding osteogenic properties for large-size and weight-bearing bone defects regeneration.Herein,an“organic-inorganic assembly”strategy is developed to construct silk fibroin(SF)-based bone scaffolds with the aforementioned merits.After secondary structure reshuffling,the 3.3-fold increment ofβ-sheet structures in SF hydrogel resulted in a 100-fold improvement of mineral-assembly efficacy via influencing the ion adsorption process and providing templates for mineral growth.Notably,abundant minerals were deposited within the hydrogel and also on the surface,which indicated entire mineral-assembly,which ensured the biomimetic mechanical properties of the digital light processing 3D printed SF hydrogel scaffolds with haversian-mimicking structure.In vitro experiments proved that the assembly between the mineral and SF results in rapid adhesion and enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.In vivo experiments further proved that the mineral-assembled SF hydrogel scaffold could significantly enhance integration and bone regeneration at the weight-bearing site within one month.This SF-based“organic-inorganic assembly”strategy sheds light on constructing cell-free,growth factor-free and natural polymer-derived bone scaffolds with biomimetic 3D structure,mechanical properties and excellent osteogenic properties.展开更多
Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)is a world cereal crop used in China for producing Baijiu,a distilled spirit.We report a telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the Baijiu cultivar Hongyingzi,HYZ-T2T,using ultralong...Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)is a world cereal crop used in China for producing Baijiu,a distilled spirit.We report a telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the Baijiu cultivar Hongyingzi,HYZ-T2T,using ultralong reads.The 10 chromosome pairs contained 33,462 genes,of which 93%were functionally annotated.The 20 telomeres and 10 centromeric regions on the HYZ-T2T chromosomes were predicted and two consecutive large inversions on chromosome 2 were characterized.A 65-gene reconstruction of the metabolic pathway of tannins,the flavor substances in Baijiu,was performed and may advance the breeding of sorghum cultivars for Baijiu production.展开更多
The mixed distribution model is often used to extract information from heteroge-neous data and perform modeling analysis.When the density function of mixed distribution is complicated or the variable dimension is high...The mixed distribution model is often used to extract information from heteroge-neous data and perform modeling analysis.When the density function of mixed distribution is complicated or the variable dimension is high,it usually brings challenges to the parameter es-timation of the mixed distribution model.The application of MM algorithm can avoid complex expectation calculations,and can also solve the problem of high-dimensional optimization by decomposing the objective function.In this paper,MM algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation problem of mixed distribution model.The method of assembly and decomposition is used to construct the substitute function with separable parameters,which avoids the problems of complex expectation calculations and the inversion of high-dimensional matrices.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0700902,2017YFB1003101)the 973 Program of China(No.2015CB358800)National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2018ZX01031102)
文摘Deep learning accelerators(DLAs)have been proved to be efficient computational devices for processing deep learning algorithms.Various DLA architectures are proposed and applied to different applications and tasks.However,for most DLAs,their programming interfaces are either difficult to use or not efficient enough.Most DLAs require programmers to directly write instructions,which is time-consuming and error-prone.Another prevailing programming interface for DLAs is high-performance libraries and deep learning frameworks,which are easy to be used and very friendly to users,but their high abstraction level limits their control capacity over the hardware resources thus compromises the efficiency of the accelerator.A design of the programming interface is for DLAs.First various existing DLAs and their programming methods are analyzed and a methodology for designing programming interface for DLAs is proposed,which is a high-level assembly language(called DLA-AL),assembler and runtime for DLAs.DLA-AL is composed of a low-level assembly language and a set of high-level blocks.It allows experienced experts to fully exploit the potential of DLAs and achieve near-optimal performance.Meanwhile,by using DLA-AL,end-users who have little knowledge of the hardware are able to develop deep learning algorithms on DLAs spending minimal programming efforts.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21988102,and 22305026)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M650433).
文摘The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demon-strated significant potential in advancing technological devices.However,achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomate-rials,enabling the creation of hierarchical structures with distinctive func-tionalities,remains a formidable challenge.Here,we present a method for nanomaterial assembly enhanced by ionic liquids,which enables the fabrication of highly stable,flexible,and transparent electrodes featuring an organized layered structure.The utilization of hydrophobic and non-volatile ionic liquids facilitates the production of stable interfaces with water,effectively preventing the sedimentation of 1D/2D nanomaterials assembled at the interface.Furthermore,the interfacially assembled nanomaterial monolayer exhibits an alternate self-climbing behavior,enabling layer-by-layer transfer and the formation of a well-ordered MXene-wrapped silver nanowire network film.The resulting composite film not only demonstrates exceptional photoelectric performance with a sheet resistance of 9.4Ωsq^(-1) and 93%transmittance,but also showcases remarkable environmental stability and mechanical flexibility.Particularly noteworthy is its application in transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials and triboelectric nanogenerator devices.This research introduces an innovative approach to manufacture and tailor functional devices based on ordered nanomaterials.
基金supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(No.51705100)the Foundation of Research on Intelligent Design Method Based on Knowledge Space Reconstruction and Perceptual Push(No.52075120).
文摘The dynamic balance assessment during the assembly of the coordinator gyroscope significantly impacts the guidance accuracy of precision-guided equipment.In dynamic balance debugging,reliance on rudimentary counterweight empirical formulas persists,resulting in suboptimal debugging accuracy and an increased repetition rate.To mitigate this challenge,we present a multi-head residual graph attention network(ResGAT)model,designed to predict dynamic balance counterweights with high precision.In this research,we employ graph neural networks for interaction feature extraction from assembly graph data.An SDAE-GPC model is designed for the assembly condition classification to derive graph data inputs for the ResGAT regression model,which is capable of predicting gyroscope counterweights under small-sample conditions.The results of our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in predicting dynamic gyroscope counterweight in its assembly process.Our approach surpasses current methods in mitigating repetition rates and enhancing the assembly efficiency of gyroscopes.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52005371)Shanghai Pujiang Program of China(Grant No.2020PJD071)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22ZR1463900)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘There are lots of researches on fixture layout optimization for large thin-walled parts.Current researches focus on the positioning problem,i.e.,optimizing the positions of a constant number of fixtures.However,how to determine the number of fixtures is ignored.In most cases,the number of fixtures located on large thin-walled parts is determined based on engineering experience,which leads to huge fixture number and extra waste.Therefore,this paper constructs an optimization model to minimize the number of fixtures.The constraints are set in the optimization model to ensure that the part deformation is within the surface profile tolerance.In addition,the assembly gap between two parts is also controlled.To conduct the optimization,this paper develops an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm by integrating the shrinkage factor and adaptive inertia weight.In the algorithm,particles are encoded according to the fixture position.Each dimension of the particle is assigned to a sub-region by constraining the optional position range of each fixture to improve the optimization efficiency.Finally,a case study on ship curved panel assembly is provided to prove that our method can optimize the number of fixtures while meeting the assembly quality requirements.This research proposes a method to optimize the number of fixtures,which can reduce the number of fixtures and achieve deformation control at the same time.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB1002900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51661145021)+5 种基金the Key Natural Science Program of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BE2022118,BE2021643 and BE2016772)the Traction Project of Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province(No.Q816000217)the Scholarship from Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Technologies of Ministry of Education of Chinathe Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsChina Prosperity Green Industry Foundation of Ministry of Industry and Information Technologysupported by the open project of synchrotron radiation characterization of chain oriented/stacked polar topology and energy modulation of supramolecules(No.2100982)。
文摘Black phosphorus with a superior theoretical capacity(2596 mAh g^(-1))and high conductivity is regarded as one of the powerful candidates for lithium-ion battery(LIB)anode materials,whereas the severe volume expansion and sluggish kinetics still impede its applications in LIBs.By contrast,the exfoliated two-dimensional phosphorene owns negligible volume variation,and its intrinsic piezoelectricity is considered to be beneficial to the Li-ion transfer kinetics,while its positive influence has not been discussed yet.Herein,a phosphorene/MXene heterostructure-textured nanopiezocomposite is proposed with even phosphorene distribution and enhanced piezo-electrochemical coupling as an applicable free-standing asymmetric membrane electrode beyond the skin effect for enhanced Li-ion storage.The experimental and simulation analysis reveals that the embedded phosphorene nanosheets not only provide abundant active sites for Li-ions,but also endow the nanocomposite with favorable piezoelectricity,thus promoting the Li-ion transfer kinetics by generating the piezoelectric field serving as an extra accelerator.By waltzing with the MXene framework,the optimized electrode exhibits enhanced kinetics and stability,achieving stable cycling performances for 1,000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1),and delivering a high reversible capacity of 524 m Ah g^(-1)at-20℃,indicating the positive influence of the structural merits of self-assembled nanopiezocomposites on promoting stability and kinetics.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Innovation Project(Grant No.CAASASTIP-2013CNRRI)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes of Chinese Rice Research Institute(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202102)。
文摘Accurate genomic information is essential for advancing genetic breeding research in specific rice varieties.This study presented a gapless genome assembly of the indica rice cultivar Zhonghui 8015(ZH8015)using Pac Bio HiFi,Hi-C,and ONT(Oxford Nanopore Technologies)ultra-long sequencing technologies,annotating 43037 gene structures.Subsequently,utilizing this genome along with transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques,we explored ZH8015's response to brown planthopper(BPH)infestation.Continuous transcriptomic sampling indicated significant changes in gene expression levels around 48 h after BPH feeding.Enrichment analysis revealed particularly significant alterations in genes related to reactive oxygen species scavenging and cell wall formation.Metabolomic results demonstrated marked increases in levels of several monosaccharides,which are components of the cell wall and dramatic changes in flavonoid contents.Omics association analysis identified differentially expressed genes associated with key metabolites,shedding light on ZH8015's response to BPH infestation.In summary,this study constructed a reliable genome sequence resource for ZH8015,and the preliminary multi-omics results will guide future insect-resistant breeding research.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Tibet Auton-omous Region(XZ202301ZY0019G)Project for the Local Development of Science and Technology by the Central Government(XZ202301YD0007C)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31400361).
文摘Beta diversity,the variation of community composition among sites,bridges alpha and gamma diversity and can reveal the mechanisms of community assembly through applying distance-decay models and/or partitioning beta diversity into turnover and nestedness components from functional and phylogenetic perspectives.Mountains as the most natural experiment system provide good opportunities for exploring beta diversity patterns and the underlying ecological processes.Here,we simultaneously consider distance-decay models and multiple di-mensions of beta diversity to examine spatial variations of bird communities,and to evaluate the relative importance of niche-based and neutral community assembly mechanisms along a 3600-m elevational gradient in the central Himalayas,China.Our results showed that species turnover dominates taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity.We observed strongest evidence of spatial distance decays in taxonomic similarities of birds,followed by its phylogenetic and functional analogues.Turnover component was highest in taxonomic beta diversity,while nestedness component was highest in functional beta diversity.Further,all correlations of assemblage similarity with climatic distance were higher than that with spatial distances.Standardized values of overall taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity and their turnover components increase with increasing elevational distance,while the standardized values of taxonomic and phylogenetic nestedness decreased with increasing elevational distance.Our results highlighted the niche-based deterministic processes in shaping elevational bird diversity patterns that were determined by the relative roles of decreasing trend of environmental filtering and increasing trend of limiting similarity along elevation distances.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (ZR2017MC033)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1300504)Taishan Scholar Construction Foundation of Shandong Province,China (ts20190946)。
文摘In eukaryotic organisms,the most common internal modification of messenger RNA(m RNA)is N6-methyladenosine(m6A).This modification can be dynamically and reversibly controlled by specific enzymes known as m6A writers and erasers.The fat-mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)catalyzes RNA demethylation and plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes.Our research identified dynamic alterations in both m6A and FTO during the assembly of primordial follicles,with an inverse relationship observed for m6A levels and nuclear-localized FTO expression.Application of Fto small interfering RNA(si RNA)altered the expression of genes related to cell proliferation,hormone regulation,and cell chemotaxis,and affected RNA alternative splicing.Overexpression of the full-length Fto gene led to changes in m6A levels,alternative splicing of Cdk5,cell proliferation,cell cycle progression,and proportion of primordial follicles.Conversely,overexpression of Fto lacking a nuclear localization signal(NLS)did not significantly alter m6A levels or primordial follicle assembly.These findings suggest that FTO,localized in the nucleus but not in the cytoplasm,regulates RNA m6A demethylation and plays a role in cell proliferation,cell cycle progression,and primordial follicle assembly.These results highlight the potential of m6A and its eraser FTO as possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
基金supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea (2021 R1A2C2008023,2020R1A5A 1019023RS-2023-00261784 to MJL2021R1/1A1A 01051245to JHL)。
文摘Tau protein is encoded by the microtubuleassociated protein tau(MAPT)gene and stabilizes microtubules in the neurons.Tau has unique biophysical properties that make it both highly water-soluble and positively charged.Although tau is an intrinsically disordered protein lacking defined secondary structures,it can acquire highly organized-sheet structures and stack into a filamentous inclusion such as a paired helical filament(PHF).
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52005371)Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22ZR1463900)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.22120220649)State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration of China(Grant No.MSV202318).
文摘An increasing number of researchers have researched fixture layout optimization for thin-walled part assembly during the past decades.However,few papers systematically review these researches.By analyzing existing literature,this paper summarizes the process of fixture layout optimization and the methods applied.The process of optimization is made up of optimization objective setting,assembly variation/deformation modeling,and fixture layout optimization.This paper makes a review of the fixture layout for thin-walled parts according to these three steps.First,two different kinds of optimization objectives are introduced.Researchers usually consider in-plane variations or out-of-plane deformations when designing objectives.Then,modeling methods for assembly variation and deformation are divided into two categories:Mechanism-based and data-based methods.Several common methods are discussed respectively.After that,optimization algorithms are reviewed systematically.There are two kinds of optimization algorithms:Traditional nonlinear programming and heuristic algorithms.Finally,discussions on the current situation are provided.The research direction of fixture layout optimization in the future is discussed from three aspects:Objective setting,improving modeling accuracy and optimization algorithms.Also,a new research point for fixture layout optimization is discussed.This paper systematically reviews the research on fixture layout optimization for thin-walled parts,and provides a reference for future research in this field.
基金supported by the Province Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (No.2021C02047)the Special Projects of Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Department (Nos.HYS-CZ-004,HYS-CZ-202208)the‘San Nong Jiu Fang’Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Zhejiang Province (No.2022 SN JF073)。
文摘Hapalogenys analis(order Lobotiformes)is an economically and ecologically significant fish species.It is a typical sedentary rocky reef fish and is primarily found in the northern Pacific Ocean.Here,we used Hi-C and PacBio sequencing technique to assemble a high-quality,chromosome-level genome for this species.The 539 Mb genome had a contig N50 with a size of 3.43 Mb,while 755 contigs clustered into 24 chromosomal groups with an anchoring rate of 99.02%.Of the total genomic sequence,132.74Mb(24.39%)were annotated as repeat elements.A total of 21360 protein-coding genes were identified,of which 20787 genes(97.32%)were successfully annotated to public databases.The BUSCO evaluation indicated that 96.90%of the total orthologous genes were matched.The phylogenetic tree representing H.analis and 14 other bony fish species indicated that the H.analis genome contained 364 expanded gene families related to olfactory receptor activity,compared with the common ancestor of H.analis and Sciaenidae.Comparative genomic analysis further identified 3584 contracted gene families.Branch-site modeling identified 277 genes experiencing positive selection,which may facilitate the adaptation to rocky reef environments.The genome reported here is helpful for ecological and evolutionary studies of H.analis.
基金This work has been supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1200105)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62172125,62371161).
文摘Soybean(Glycine max)stands as a globally significant agricultural crop,and the comprehensive assembly of its genome is of paramount importance for unraveling its biological characteristics and evolutionary history.Nevertheless,previous soybean genome assemblies have harbored gaps and incompleteness,which have constrained in-depth investigations into soybean.Here,we present Telomere-to-Telomere(T2T)assembly of the Chinese soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 13(ZH13)genome,termed ZH13-T2T,utilizing PacBio Hifi and ONT ultralong reads.We employed a multi-assembler approach,integrating Hifiasm,NextDenovo,and Canu,to minimize biases and enhance assembly accuracy.The assembly spans 1,015,024,879 bp,effectively resolving all 393 gaps that previously plagued the reference genome.Our annotation efforts identified 50,564 high-confidence protein-coding genes,707 of which are novel.ZH13-T2T revealed longer chromosomes,421 not-aligned regions(NARs),112 structure variations(SVs),and a substantial expansion of repetitive element compared to earlier assemblies.Specifically,we identified 25.67 Mb of tandem repeats,an enrichment of 5S and 48S rDNAs,and characterized their genotypic diversity.In summary,we deliver the first complete Chinese soybean cultivar T2T genome.The comprehensive annotation,along with precise centromere and telomere characterization,as well as insights into structural variations,further enhance our understanding of soybean genetics and evolution.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52275152)。
文摘Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)is of paramount significance to the development of clean energy.The components of PEMFC are assembled using many pairs of nuts and bolts.The assembly champing bolt torque is critical to the electrochemical performance and mechanical stability of PEMFC.In this paper,a PEMFC with the threechannel serpentine flow field was used and studied.The different assembly clamping bolt torques were applied to the PEMFC in three uniform assembly bolt torque and six non-uniform assembly bolt torque conditions,respectively.And then,the electrochemical performance experiments were performed to study the effect of the assembly bolt torque on the electrochemical performance.The test results show that the assembly bolt torque significantly affected the electrochemical performance of the PEMFC.In uniform assembly bolt torque conditions,the maximal power density increased initially as the assembly bolt torque increased,and then decreased on further increasing the assembly torque.It existed the optimum assembly torque which was found to be 3.0 N·m in this work.In non-uniform assembly clamping bolt torque conditions,the optimum electrochemical performance appeared in the condition where the assembly torque of each bolt was closer to be 3.0 N·m.This could be due to the change of the contact resistance between the gas diffusion layer and bipolar plate and mass transport resistance for the hydrogen and oxygen towards the catalyst layers.This work could optimize the assembly force conditions and provide useful information for the practical PEMFC stack assembly.
文摘Adequate vascularization is a critical determinant for the successful construction and clinical implementation of complex organotypic tissue models. Currently, low cell and vessel density and insufficient vascular maturation make vascularized organotypic tissue construction difficult,greatly limiting its use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. To address these limitations, recent studies have adopted pre-vascularized microtissue assembly for the rapid generation of functional tissue analogs with dense vascular networks and high cell density. In this article, we summarize the development of module assembly-based vascularized organotypic tissue construction and its application in tissue repair and regeneration, organ-scale tissue biomanufacturing, as well as advanced tissue modeling.
基金supported by grants from the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LTY22C030002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32001113)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LQ19C030001)。
文摘Plants of the Caprifoliaceae family are widely cultivated worldwide as ornamental plants owing to their numerous,sweet-smelling,beautiful flowers and fruits.Heptacodium miconioides Rehd.,a member of the family,is endemic to eastern China and is cultivated as a popular ornamental plant in North America and European countries.It has a rather novel and beautiful trait of high horticultural value,that is,its sepals persist and enlarge,turning purplish red.Here,we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of H.miconioides to understand its evolution and floral characteristics.The 622.28 Mb assembled genome harbored a shared whole-genome duplication with a related species,Lonicera japonica.Comparative genomic analysis suggested that chromosome fission events following genome duplication underlie the unusual chromosome number of these two species,as well as chromosome fission of another five chromosomes in H.miconioides,giving rise to a haploid chromosome number of 14(versus 9 in L.japonica).In addition,based on transcriptome and chloroplast genome analysis of 17 representative species in the Caprifoliaceae,we assumed that large structural variations in the chromosomes of H.miconioides were not caused by hybridization.Changes in the candidate genes of the MADS-box family were detected in the H.miconioides genome,including AP1-,AP3-,and SEPexpanded,which might underlie the sepal elongation and development in this species.The current findings provided a critical resource for genome evolution studies in Caprifoliaceae and it was an example of how multi-omics data can elucidate the regulation of important ornamental traits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001532 and 31860411)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,(2022YFF1000020)+1 种基金Hunan Seed Industry Innovation Project(2021NK1012)the Yunnan Tobacco Company Project(2020530000241009)。
文摘The development and maturation of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing system provides a valuable tool for plant functional genomics and genetic improvement.Currently available genome-editing tools have a limited number of targets,restricting their application in genetic research.In this study,we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9 plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system consisting of two template vectors,eight donor vectors,four destination vectors,and one primer-design software package.By combining the advantages of Golden Gate cloning to assemble multiple repetitive fragments and Gateway recombination to assemble large fragments and by changing the structure of the amplicons used to assemble sg RNA expression cassettes,the plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system can assemble a single binary vector targeting more than 40 genomic loci.A rice knockout vector containing 49 sg RNA expression cassettes was assembled and a high co-editing efficiency was observed.This plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system advances synthetic biology and plant genetic engineering.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:11974136,12174272。
文摘Chirality is one of the fundamental properties of molecules traditionally con-structed from atoms.Here,we report for thefirst time the successful construction of asymmetric chiral structures utilizing highly symmetric endohedral metallo-fullerene superatoms based on their own bonding properties.Specifically,stable mirror-symmetric sinister and rectus structures are obtained by selecting a super-atom capable of forming four chemical bonds as the chiral center.Further analysis shows that the chiral vibration frequency of superatomic assemblies can be as low as a few wavenumbers,which greatly expands the range of chiral spectra com-pared to atom-based molecules.We term this type of chirality based on superatoms as“superatomic-based chirality”.It is anticipated that this work will significantly expand the variety of chiral structures at the atomic level.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3813000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2121004,92268203,32371411).
文摘Although natural polymers have been widely used in constructing bone scaffolds,it still remains challenging to fabricate natural polymer-derived bone scaffolds with biomimetic mechanical properties as well as outstanding osteogenic properties for large-size and weight-bearing bone defects regeneration.Herein,an“organic-inorganic assembly”strategy is developed to construct silk fibroin(SF)-based bone scaffolds with the aforementioned merits.After secondary structure reshuffling,the 3.3-fold increment ofβ-sheet structures in SF hydrogel resulted in a 100-fold improvement of mineral-assembly efficacy via influencing the ion adsorption process and providing templates for mineral growth.Notably,abundant minerals were deposited within the hydrogel and also on the surface,which indicated entire mineral-assembly,which ensured the biomimetic mechanical properties of the digital light processing 3D printed SF hydrogel scaffolds with haversian-mimicking structure.In vitro experiments proved that the assembly between the mineral and SF results in rapid adhesion and enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.In vivo experiments further proved that the mineral-assembled SF hydrogel scaffold could significantly enhance integration and bone regeneration at the weight-bearing site within one month.This SF-based“organic-inorganic assembly”strategy sheds light on constructing cell-free,growth factor-free and natural polymer-derived bone scaffolds with biomimetic 3D structure,mechanical properties and excellent osteogenic properties.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of Kweichow Moutai Liquor Co.,Ltd.(MTGF2023007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160459,32172036)+2 种基金the Guizhou Natural Science Foundation of China(QKHJC[2023]YB169)the Innovation Capacity Building Project of Guizhou Scientific Institutions(QKFQ[2022]007])the Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Project(Guizhou Agricultural Germplasm Resources(2023)06)。
文摘Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)is a world cereal crop used in China for producing Baijiu,a distilled spirit.We report a telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the Baijiu cultivar Hongyingzi,HYZ-T2T,using ultralong reads.The 10 chromosome pairs contained 33,462 genes,of which 93%were functionally annotated.The 20 telomeres and 10 centromeric regions on the HYZ-T2T chromosomes were predicted and two consecutive large inversions on chromosome 2 were characterized.A 65-gene reconstruction of the metabolic pathway of tannins,the flavor substances in Baijiu,was performed and may advance the breeding of sorghum cultivars for Baijiu production.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12261108)the General Program of Basic Research Programs of Yunnan Province(202401AT070126)+1 种基金the Yunnan Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Mathematics and Applications(202302AN360007)the Cross-integration Innovation team of modern Applied Mathematics and Life Sciences in Yunnan Province,China(202405AS350003).
文摘The mixed distribution model is often used to extract information from heteroge-neous data and perform modeling analysis.When the density function of mixed distribution is complicated or the variable dimension is high,it usually brings challenges to the parameter es-timation of the mixed distribution model.The application of MM algorithm can avoid complex expectation calculations,and can also solve the problem of high-dimensional optimization by decomposing the objective function.In this paper,MM algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation problem of mixed distribution model.The method of assembly and decomposition is used to construct the substitute function with separable parameters,which avoids the problems of complex expectation calculations and the inversion of high-dimensional matrices.
