This study was conducted using seeds in Petri dish containing agar medium in order to determine acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACCase） herbicides resistance （R） in Avena sterilis that was grown in wheat fields at Adana p...This study was conducted using seeds in Petri dish containing agar medium in order to determine acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACCase） herbicides resistance （R） in Avena sterilis that was grown in wheat fields at Adana province, Turkey. Seeds were collected from one large suspected field, where clodinafop-propargyl （Aryloxyphenoxypropionate “FOPs”） and pinoxaden （Phenylpyrazoline “DEN”） have been applied for many years. Susceptible （S） population was collected from the road side on the same region. Agar media of concentration 14 g/L was prepared and it was melted in microwave. Then the amount of 20 mL agar media was added into each Petri dish. Five seeds were placed on agar mediums containing discriminating dose of clodinafop and pinoxaden. Petri dishes were placed in growth incubator operating at 10 °C. After 15 d, both radicle and hypocotyl length were measured. The percentage of germinated seed and dose-response curves were determined. At these different concentration levels, there were more than 50% of R and less than 40% of S seed germinated for pinoxaden. However, for clodinafop, more than 60% of R and less than 50% of S seeds were germinated. At higher concentration levels, the populations of resistant and susceptible were not germinated for both herbicides. The resistance value of R population was then compared with that of the S biotype. From the resistance index （RI）, the population was more resistant to pinoxaden （7.43 for radicle and 2.47 for hypocotyl） than the clodinafop-propagyl （1.39 for radicle and 3.77 for hypocotyl）. The method provided a simple, quick and cost effective way to identify ACCase herbicides resistance in most grass weeds.展开更多
The use of productive cultivars with adaptability and stability and less demanding to fungicide use are critical to the sustainability of production factors. The objective of this work was to determine the per se perf...The use of productive cultivars with adaptability and stability and less demanding to fungicide use are critical to the sustainability of production factors. The objective of this work was to determine the per se performance of white oat cultivars and parameters of adaptability and stability on yield and grain quality in the proposition of cultivars more responsive in reducing the use fungicide. The study was conducted in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil, between the years 2010 and 2013. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates, three with and three without fungicide. The study evaluated 14 white oat cultivars for yield and industrial capability. The white oat cultivars FAEM 4 Carlasul and URS Corona indicate high grain yield with stability and general adaptability, independent of chemical control. The cultivar URS Corona shows together high yield and thousand grain weight and hectoliter with general adaptability and stability in the absence of fungicide. Although no stability has been detected in industrial yield without the use of fungicides, cultivars of URS Charrua, URS Corona and URS Taura show high means with general adaptability.展开更多
The oat panicle components were changed by the forms of nitrogen use influencing productivity. The aim of the study was to determine the direct and indirect effects of oat panicle components on grain yield by N-fertil...The oat panicle components were changed by the forms of nitrogen use influencing productivity. The aim of the study was to determine the direct and indirect effects of oat panicle components on grain yield by N-fertilizer rates in succession systems of high and reduced release of N-residual. The study was conducted in the years 2013 and 2014 in a randomized complete block with four replications in a factorial 3 × 2, for nitrogen rates (30, 60 and 120 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>) and oat cultivars (Barbarasul and Brisasul) the soybean/oat and corn/oat systems. The panicle weight and grain per panicle show greater sensitivity to the change of nitrogen rates. Grain yield was favored by the direct effect of harvest index panicle and indirect by grain weight per panicle. In the system soybean/ oat, the grain weight of panicle shows greater efficiency in promoting positive direct effects on grain yield.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to provide some theoretical support for breeders and processing enterprises in choosing suitable locations,in order to cultivate varieties of different functional types and complete the pr...[Objectives]This study aimed to provide some theoretical support for breeders and processing enterprises in choosing suitable locations,in order to cultivate varieties of different functional types and complete the processing needs of different purposes.[Methods]The oat varieties that are currently being grown in large areas in different production areas were selected.In 11 provinces across China's main oat producing areas,15 pilot sites were deployed for unified planting management.After harvest,the contents of protein,crude fat,starch,β-glucan,avenanthramides(AVEs)and other components in oat kernels were determined.[Results]The protein content in oat kernels ranged from(10.68±1.35)%to(16.65±0.81)%,highest in Ningxia and lowest in Tibet;the fat content in oat kernels ranged from(5.15±1.06)%to(7.54±1.51)%,highest in Yunnan and lowest in Ningxia;the starch content in oat kernels was in the range of(60.70±1.62)%-(67.84±2.09)%,highest in Tibet and lowest in Jilin;theβ-glucan content in oat kernels ranged from(3.67±0.42)%to(4.48±0.33)%,highest in Xinjiang and lowest in Tibet;and the AVEs content in oat kernels was in the range of(58.67±20.25)%-(535.83±133.64)%.[Conclusions]The protein andβ-glucan contents in oat kernels were significantly positively correlated with latitude and longitude,and were significantly negatively correlated with altitude;the starch and fat contents in oat kernels were negatively correlated with latitude and longitude and were significantly positively correlated with altitude;theβ-glucan content in oat kernels and precipitation showed a negative correlation;and the AVEs content in oat kernels was negatively correlated with latitude and was positively correlated with longitude and precipitation.展开更多
Canola and oat forage potential may be affected by climatic conditions when sown early.The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage canola and oat potential in four early sowing dates(September 11 and 25;Oct...Canola and oat forage potential may be affected by climatic conditions when sown early.The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage canola and oat potential in four early sowing dates(September 11 and 25;October 9 and 23)during the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 cycles in Matamoros,Coahuila,Mexico.Growth cycle duration,chemical composition,dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),and net energy for lactation(NEL)yields were determined.High temperatures and long photoperiods affected crops seeded on September 11,accelerating growth and reducing canola(26.6%-31.7%)and oat(15.8%)DM yields.As of September 25,canola cv IMC 205 reached DM yields(7746 kg ha^(-1)-9276 kg ha^(-1))similar to those obtained by oat(8115 kg ha^(-1)-9507 kg ha^(-1)),while canola cv Hyola 401 obtained such yields only until October 23.Canola chemical composition was better than that found in oat,with higher CP,but lower acid detergent fiber(ADF)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)contents.Canola equaled oat CP yields(972 kg ha^(-1)-1215 kg ha^(-1))in the first sowing date,while in the other three other canola sowings reached higher yields(1193 kg ha^(-1)-1889 kg ha^(-1)).As for NEL yields,no difference was observed between both species.The best sowing date for canola is from September 25 on,with CP production advantages over oat.展开更多
文摘This study was conducted using seeds in Petri dish containing agar medium in order to determine acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACCase） herbicides resistance （R） in Avena sterilis that was grown in wheat fields at Adana province, Turkey. Seeds were collected from one large suspected field, where clodinafop-propargyl （Aryloxyphenoxypropionate “FOPs”） and pinoxaden （Phenylpyrazoline “DEN”） have been applied for many years. Susceptible （S） population was collected from the road side on the same region. Agar media of concentration 14 g/L was prepared and it was melted in microwave. Then the amount of 20 mL agar media was added into each Petri dish. Five seeds were placed on agar mediums containing discriminating dose of clodinafop and pinoxaden. Petri dishes were placed in growth incubator operating at 10 °C. After 15 d, both radicle and hypocotyl length were measured. The percentage of germinated seed and dose-response curves were determined. At these different concentration levels, there were more than 50% of R and less than 40% of S seed germinated for pinoxaden. However, for clodinafop, more than 60% of R and less than 50% of S seeds were germinated. At higher concentration levels, the populations of resistant and susceptible were not germinated for both herbicides. The resistance value of R population was then compared with that of the S biotype. From the resistance index （RI）, the population was more resistant to pinoxaden （7.43 for radicle and 2.47 for hypocotyl） than the clodinafop-propagyl （1.39 for radicle and 3.77 for hypocotyl）. The method provided a simple, quick and cost effective way to identify ACCase herbicides resistance in most grass weeds.
文摘The use of productive cultivars with adaptability and stability and less demanding to fungicide use are critical to the sustainability of production factors. The objective of this work was to determine the per se performance of white oat cultivars and parameters of adaptability and stability on yield and grain quality in the proposition of cultivars more responsive in reducing the use fungicide. The study was conducted in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil, between the years 2010 and 2013. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates, three with and three without fungicide. The study evaluated 14 white oat cultivars for yield and industrial capability. The white oat cultivars FAEM 4 Carlasul and URS Corona indicate high grain yield with stability and general adaptability, independent of chemical control. The cultivar URS Corona shows together high yield and thousand grain weight and hectoliter with general adaptability and stability in the absence of fungicide. Although no stability has been detected in industrial yield without the use of fungicides, cultivars of URS Charrua, URS Corona and URS Taura show high means with general adaptability.
文摘The oat panicle components were changed by the forms of nitrogen use influencing productivity. The aim of the study was to determine the direct and indirect effects of oat panicle components on grain yield by N-fertilizer rates in succession systems of high and reduced release of N-residual. The study was conducted in the years 2013 and 2014 in a randomized complete block with four replications in a factorial 3 × 2, for nitrogen rates (30, 60 and 120 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>) and oat cultivars (Barbarasul and Brisasul) the soybean/oat and corn/oat systems. The panicle weight and grain per panicle show greater sensitivity to the change of nitrogen rates. Grain yield was favored by the direct effect of harvest index panicle and indirect by grain weight per panicle. In the system soybean/ oat, the grain weight of panicle shows greater efficiency in promoting positive direct effects on grain yield.
基金National Buckwheat Industry Technology System(CARS-08-B-04)Postharvest Processing and Brand Cultivation of Miscellaneous Cereals and Beans in Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Hebei Province(HBCT2018070206)Miscellaneous Cereals and Beans Industrial Innovation Team in Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Hebei Province(HBCT2018070204).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to provide some theoretical support for breeders and processing enterprises in choosing suitable locations,in order to cultivate varieties of different functional types and complete the processing needs of different purposes.[Methods]The oat varieties that are currently being grown in large areas in different production areas were selected.In 11 provinces across China's main oat producing areas,15 pilot sites were deployed for unified planting management.After harvest,the contents of protein,crude fat,starch,β-glucan,avenanthramides(AVEs)and other components in oat kernels were determined.[Results]The protein content in oat kernels ranged from(10.68±1.35)%to(16.65±0.81)%,highest in Ningxia and lowest in Tibet;the fat content in oat kernels ranged from(5.15±1.06)%to(7.54±1.51)%,highest in Yunnan and lowest in Ningxia;the starch content in oat kernels was in the range of(60.70±1.62)%-(67.84±2.09)%,highest in Tibet and lowest in Jilin;theβ-glucan content in oat kernels ranged from(3.67±0.42)%to(4.48±0.33)%,highest in Xinjiang and lowest in Tibet;and the AVEs content in oat kernels was in the range of(58.67±20.25)%-(535.83±133.64)%.[Conclusions]The protein andβ-glucan contents in oat kernels were significantly positively correlated with latitude and longitude,and were significantly negatively correlated with altitude;the starch and fat contents in oat kernels were negatively correlated with latitude and longitude and were significantly positively correlated with altitude;theβ-glucan content in oat kernels and precipitation showed a negative correlation;and the AVEs content in oat kernels was negatively correlated with latitude and was positively correlated with longitude and precipitation.
基金This research was funded by the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales,Agrícolas y Pecuarias(México).
文摘Canola and oat forage potential may be affected by climatic conditions when sown early.The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage canola and oat potential in four early sowing dates(September 11 and 25;October 9 and 23)during the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 cycles in Matamoros,Coahuila,Mexico.Growth cycle duration,chemical composition,dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),and net energy for lactation(NEL)yields were determined.High temperatures and long photoperiods affected crops seeded on September 11,accelerating growth and reducing canola(26.6%-31.7%)and oat(15.8%)DM yields.As of September 25,canola cv IMC 205 reached DM yields(7746 kg ha^(-1)-9276 kg ha^(-1))similar to those obtained by oat(8115 kg ha^(-1)-9507 kg ha^(-1)),while canola cv Hyola 401 obtained such yields only until October 23.Canola chemical composition was better than that found in oat,with higher CP,but lower acid detergent fiber(ADF)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)contents.Canola equaled oat CP yields(972 kg ha^(-1)-1215 kg ha^(-1))in the first sowing date,while in the other three other canola sowings reached higher yields(1193 kg ha^(-1)-1889 kg ha^(-1)).As for NEL yields,no difference was observed between both species.The best sowing date for canola is from September 25 on,with CP production advantages over oat.
