Layer-block tectonics （LBT） concept, with the core of pluralistic geodynamic outlook and multilayer-sliding tectonic outlook, is one of new keys to study 3-dimensional solid and its 4-dimensional evolution history o...Layer-block tectonics （LBT） concept, with the core of pluralistic geodynamic outlook and multilayer-sliding tectonic outlook, is one of new keys to study 3-dimensional solid and its 4-dimensional evolution history of global tectonic system controlled by global geodynamics system. The LBT concept is applied to study the lithospheric tectonics of the southern South China Sea （SCS）. Based on the analysis of about 30 000 km of geophysical and geological data, some layer-blocks in the Nansha micro-plate can be divided as Nansha ultra-crustal layer-block, Zengmu crustal layer-block, Nanwei （Rifleman bank）-Andu （Ardasier bank） and Liyue （Reed bank） North Palawan crustal layer-blocks, Andu-Bisheng and Liyue-Banyue basemental layer-blocks. The basic characteristics of the basemental layer-blocks have been dicussed, and three intra-plate basin groups are identified. The intra-plate basins within Nansha micro-plate can be divided into three basin groups of Nanwei- Andu, Feixin-Nanhua, and Liyue-North Palawan based on the different geodynamics. In the light of pluralistic geodynamic concept, the upheaving force induced by the mid-crust plastic layer is proposed as the main dynamical force which causes the formation of the intra-plate basins within the Nansha micro-plate. Finally, models of a face-to-face dip-slip detachment of basemental layerblock and a unilateral dip-slip-detachment of basemental layer-block are put forward for the forming mechanisms of the Nanwei Andu and Liyue-North Palawan intra-plate basin groups, respectively.展开更多
The size-dependent effect on the biaxial and shear nonlinear buckling analysis of an isotropic and orthotropic micro-plate based on the surface stress, the modified couple stress theory （MCST）, and the nonlocal elas...The size-dependent effect on the biaxial and shear nonlinear buckling analysis of an isotropic and orthotropic micro-plate based on the surface stress, the modified couple stress theory （MCST）, and the nonlocal elasticity theories using the differential quadrature method （DQM） is presented. Main advantages of the MCST over the classical theory （CT） are the inclusion of the asymmetric couple stress tensor and the consideration of only one material length scale parameter. Based on the nonlinear von Karman assumption, the governing equations of equilibrium for the micro-classical plate consid- ering midplane displacements are derived based on the minimum principle of potential energy. Using the DQM, the biaxial and shear critical buckling loads of the micro-plate for various boundary conditions are obtained. Accuracy of the obtained results is validated by comparing the solutions with those reported in the literature. A parametric study is conducted to show the effects of the aspect ratio, the side-to-thickness ratio, Eringen＇s nonlocal parameter, the material length scale parameter, Young＇s modulus of the surface layer, the surface residual stress, the polymer matrix coefficients, and various boundary conditions on the dimensionless uniaxial, biaxial, and shear critical buckling loads. The results indicate that the critical buckling loads are strongly sensitive to Eringen＇s nonlocal parameter, the material length scale parameter, and the surface residual stress effects, while the effect of Young＇s modulus of the surface layer on the critical buckling load is negligible. Also, considering the size dependent effect causes the increase in the stiffness of the orthotropic micro-plate. The results show that the critical biaxial buckling load increases with an increase in G12/E2 and vice versa for E1/E2. It is shown that the nonlinear biaxial buckling ratio decreases as the aspect ratio increases and vice versa for the buckling amplitude. Because of the most lightweight micro-composite materials with high strength/weight and stiffness/weight ratios, it is anticipated that the results of the present work are useful in experimental characterization of the mechanical properties of micro-composite plates in the aircraft industry and other engineering applications.展开更多
In this study we describe an FEM-based methodology to solve the coupled fluid-structure problem due to squeeze film effects present in vibratory MEMS devices, such as resonators, gyroscopes, and acoustic transducers. ...In this study we describe an FEM-based methodology to solve the coupled fluid-structure problem due to squeeze film effects present in vibratory MEMS devices, such as resonators, gyroscopes, and acoustic transducers. The aforementioned devices often consist of a plate-like structure that vibrates normal to a fixed substrate, and is generally not perfectly vacuum packed. This results in a thin film of air being sandwiched between the moving plate and the fixed substrate, which behaves like a squeeze film offering both stiffness and damping. Typically, such structures are actuated electro-statically, necessitating the thin air gap for improving the efficiency of actuation and the sensitivity of detection. To accurately model these devices the squeeze film effect must be incorporated. Extensive literature is present on mod- eling squeeze film effects for rigid motion for both perforated as well as non-perforated plates. Studies which model the plate elasticity often use approximate mode shapes as input to the 2D Reynolds Equation. Recent works which try to solve the coupled fluid elasticity problem, report iterative FEM-based solution strategies for the 2D Reynolds Equation coupled with the 3D elasticity Equation. In this work we present a FEM-based single step solution for the coupled problem at hand, using only one type of element (27 node 3D brick). The structure is modeled with 27 node brick elements of which the lowest layer of nodes is also treated as the fluid domain (2D) and the integrals over fluid domain are evaluated for these nodes only. We also apply an electrostatic loading to our model by considering an equivalent electro-static pressure load on the top surface of the structure. Thus we solve the coupled 2D-fluid-3D-structure problem in a single step, using only one element type. The FEM results show good agreement with both existing analytical solutions and published experimental data.展开更多
为了探究不同制酒车间空气微生物群落的功能多样性差异,采用Biolog-ECO微平板技术分析了不同空气样品的微生物群落碳代谢特征。结果表明,不同微生物样品平均颜色变化率(average well color development,AWCD)均在培养144h后达到稳定,并...为了探究不同制酒车间空气微生物群落的功能多样性差异,采用Biolog-ECO微平板技术分析了不同空气样品的微生物群落碳代谢特征。结果表明,不同微生物样品平均颜色变化率(average well color development,AWCD)均在培养144h后达到稳定,并且5个车间的AWCD值即对单一碳源的利用能力存在显著差异,老车间空气微生物的碳代谢能力和4类多样性指数均显著高于新车间。5个车间空气微生物对6类碳源的利用程度存在差异,对碳水化合物、氨基酸类、羧酸类、多聚物类和胺类碳源的利用率显著高于酚酸类。微生物代谢特征主成分分析结果表明,主成分1(PC1)贡献度为72.7%,主成分2(PC2)贡献度为14.2%,其中生产工艺相同的车间微生物群落差异较小,投产时间相同的车间微生物群落差异较小。分异代谢差异的主要碳源是与PC1有较高正相关性的α-D-乳糖、β-甲基-D-葡萄糖苷、葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐、肝糖等15种碳源,包括有9种碳水化合物、3种羧酸、2种多聚物和1种氨基酸。展开更多
为了解渔业环境中微生物群落特征对生态循环的影响,基于高通量测序与Biolog-ECO相结合的方法,探究白洋淀鲥鯸淀湿地浮游微生物和不同基质附着微生物的群落结构及其碳源利用能力。结果表明:鲥鯸淀湿地中优势菌群为疣微菌门Verrucomicrobi...为了解渔业环境中微生物群落特征对生态循环的影响,基于高通量测序与Biolog-ECO相结合的方法,探究白洋淀鲥鯸淀湿地浮游微生物和不同基质附着微生物的群落结构及其碳源利用能力。结果表明:鲥鯸淀湿地中优势菌群为疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia、变形菌门Proteobacteria、蓝细菌门Cyanobacteria和放线菌门Actinobacteria等,其中,浮游细菌与附着细菌在组成及丰度上存在着明显差异,蓝细菌门是浮游细菌第一优势菌门,疣微菌门是附着细菌第一优势菌门;Biolog-ECO板中平均每孔颜色变化率(average well colour development,AWCD)检测发现,不同微生物组的碳源利用能力与时间表现出正相关性;浮游生物的变化幅度最大,说明对碳源利用能力最强,其生物活性明显高于附着微生物,不同基质上的附着微生物活性依次为人工水草>芦苇>棕榈片>网片基质;主成分分析显示,不同微生物群落代谢作用的主要碳源类型为氨基酸类、聚合糖类和醇类,不同微生物群落差异主要体现在对氨基酸类和聚合糖类碳源的利用上。研究表明,微生物群落结构差异是导致微生物利用碳源整体能力和偏好程度不同的主要原因之一,相对附着细菌而言,浮游细菌在生态系统物质循环和能量流动方面发挥着更加重要的作用。展开更多
基金The National Basic Research Program of China ("973") under contract Nos 2009CB2194 and 2007CB411700the Major Knowledge Innovation Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No. kzcx2-yw-203-01+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China of China under contract No. 40676039the National Program of Sustaining Science and Technology of China under contract No. 2006BAB19B02the Program of the Ministry of Land and Natural Resources of China under contract No. GT-YQ-QQ-2008-1-02
文摘Layer-block tectonics （LBT） concept, with the core of pluralistic geodynamic outlook and multilayer-sliding tectonic outlook, is one of new keys to study 3-dimensional solid and its 4-dimensional evolution history of global tectonic system controlled by global geodynamics system. The LBT concept is applied to study the lithospheric tectonics of the southern South China Sea （SCS）. Based on the analysis of about 30 000 km of geophysical and geological data, some layer-blocks in the Nansha micro-plate can be divided as Nansha ultra-crustal layer-block, Zengmu crustal layer-block, Nanwei （Rifleman bank）-Andu （Ardasier bank） and Liyue （Reed bank） North Palawan crustal layer-blocks, Andu-Bisheng and Liyue-Banyue basemental layer-blocks. The basic characteristics of the basemental layer-blocks have been dicussed, and three intra-plate basin groups are identified. The intra-plate basins within Nansha micro-plate can be divided into three basin groups of Nanwei- Andu, Feixin-Nanhua, and Liyue-North Palawan based on the different geodynamics. In the light of pluralistic geodynamic concept, the upheaving force induced by the mid-crust plastic layer is proposed as the main dynamical force which causes the formation of the intra-plate basins within the Nansha micro-plate. Finally, models of a face-to-face dip-slip detachment of basemental layerblock and a unilateral dip-slip-detachment of basemental layer-block are put forward for the forming mechanisms of the Nanwei Andu and Liyue-North Palawan intra-plate basin groups, respectively.
基金supported by the Iranian Nanotechnology Development Committee and the University of Kashan(No.363452/10)
文摘The size-dependent effect on the biaxial and shear nonlinear buckling analysis of an isotropic and orthotropic micro-plate based on the surface stress, the modified couple stress theory （MCST）, and the nonlocal elasticity theories using the differential quadrature method （DQM） is presented. Main advantages of the MCST over the classical theory （CT） are the inclusion of the asymmetric couple stress tensor and the consideration of only one material length scale parameter. Based on the nonlinear von Karman assumption, the governing equations of equilibrium for the micro-classical plate consid- ering midplane displacements are derived based on the minimum principle of potential energy. Using the DQM, the biaxial and shear critical buckling loads of the micro-plate for various boundary conditions are obtained. Accuracy of the obtained results is validated by comparing the solutions with those reported in the literature. A parametric study is conducted to show the effects of the aspect ratio, the side-to-thickness ratio, Eringen＇s nonlocal parameter, the material length scale parameter, Young＇s modulus of the surface layer, the surface residual stress, the polymer matrix coefficients, and various boundary conditions on the dimensionless uniaxial, biaxial, and shear critical buckling loads. The results indicate that the critical buckling loads are strongly sensitive to Eringen＇s nonlocal parameter, the material length scale parameter, and the surface residual stress effects, while the effect of Young＇s modulus of the surface layer on the critical buckling load is negligible. Also, considering the size dependent effect causes the increase in the stiffness of the orthotropic micro-plate. The results show that the critical biaxial buckling load increases with an increase in G12/E2 and vice versa for E1/E2. It is shown that the nonlinear biaxial buckling ratio decreases as the aspect ratio increases and vice versa for the buckling amplitude. Because of the most lightweight micro-composite materials with high strength/weight and stiffness/weight ratios, it is anticipated that the results of the present work are useful in experimental characterization of the mechanical properties of micro-composite plates in the aircraft industry and other engineering applications.
文摘In this study we describe an FEM-based methodology to solve the coupled fluid-structure problem due to squeeze film effects present in vibratory MEMS devices, such as resonators, gyroscopes, and acoustic transducers. The aforementioned devices often consist of a plate-like structure that vibrates normal to a fixed substrate, and is generally not perfectly vacuum packed. This results in a thin film of air being sandwiched between the moving plate and the fixed substrate, which behaves like a squeeze film offering both stiffness and damping. Typically, such structures are actuated electro-statically, necessitating the thin air gap for improving the efficiency of actuation and the sensitivity of detection. To accurately model these devices the squeeze film effect must be incorporated. Extensive literature is present on mod- eling squeeze film effects for rigid motion for both perforated as well as non-perforated plates. Studies which model the plate elasticity often use approximate mode shapes as input to the 2D Reynolds Equation. Recent works which try to solve the coupled fluid elasticity problem, report iterative FEM-based solution strategies for the 2D Reynolds Equation coupled with the 3D elasticity Equation. In this work we present a FEM-based single step solution for the coupled problem at hand, using only one type of element (27 node 3D brick). The structure is modeled with 27 node brick elements of which the lowest layer of nodes is also treated as the fluid domain (2D) and the integrals over fluid domain are evaluated for these nodes only. We also apply an electrostatic loading to our model by considering an equivalent electro-static pressure load on the top surface of the structure. Thus we solve the coupled 2D-fluid-3D-structure problem in a single step, using only one element type. The FEM results show good agreement with both existing analytical solutions and published experimental data.
文摘为了探究不同制酒车间空气微生物群落的功能多样性差异,采用Biolog-ECO微平板技术分析了不同空气样品的微生物群落碳代谢特征。结果表明,不同微生物样品平均颜色变化率(average well color development,AWCD)均在培养144h后达到稳定,并且5个车间的AWCD值即对单一碳源的利用能力存在显著差异,老车间空气微生物的碳代谢能力和4类多样性指数均显著高于新车间。5个车间空气微生物对6类碳源的利用程度存在差异,对碳水化合物、氨基酸类、羧酸类、多聚物类和胺类碳源的利用率显著高于酚酸类。微生物代谢特征主成分分析结果表明,主成分1(PC1)贡献度为72.7%,主成分2(PC2)贡献度为14.2%,其中生产工艺相同的车间微生物群落差异较小,投产时间相同的车间微生物群落差异较小。分异代谢差异的主要碳源是与PC1有较高正相关性的α-D-乳糖、β-甲基-D-葡萄糖苷、葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐、肝糖等15种碳源,包括有9种碳水化合物、3种羧酸、2种多聚物和1种氨基酸。
文摘为了解渔业环境中微生物群落特征对生态循环的影响,基于高通量测序与Biolog-ECO相结合的方法,探究白洋淀鲥鯸淀湿地浮游微生物和不同基质附着微生物的群落结构及其碳源利用能力。结果表明:鲥鯸淀湿地中优势菌群为疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia、变形菌门Proteobacteria、蓝细菌门Cyanobacteria和放线菌门Actinobacteria等,其中,浮游细菌与附着细菌在组成及丰度上存在着明显差异,蓝细菌门是浮游细菌第一优势菌门,疣微菌门是附着细菌第一优势菌门;Biolog-ECO板中平均每孔颜色变化率(average well colour development,AWCD)检测发现,不同微生物组的碳源利用能力与时间表现出正相关性;浮游生物的变化幅度最大,说明对碳源利用能力最强,其生物活性明显高于附着微生物,不同基质上的附着微生物活性依次为人工水草>芦苇>棕榈片>网片基质;主成分分析显示,不同微生物群落代谢作用的主要碳源类型为氨基酸类、聚合糖类和醇类,不同微生物群落差异主要体现在对氨基酸类和聚合糖类碳源的利用上。研究表明,微生物群落结构差异是导致微生物利用碳源整体能力和偏好程度不同的主要原因之一,相对附着细菌而言,浮游细菌在生态系统物质循环和能量流动方面发挥着更加重要的作用。
