To improve the accuracy of predicting non-invasive blood glucose concentration in the near-infrared spectrum, we utilized the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize hyperparameters for the Multi-Kerne...To improve the accuracy of predicting non-invasive blood glucose concentration in the near-infrared spectrum, we utilized the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize hyperparameters for the Multi-Kernel Learning Support Vector Machine (MKL-SVR). With these optimized hyperparameters, we established a non-invasive blood glucose regression model, referred to as the PSO-MKL-SVR model. Subsequently, we conducted a comparative analysis between the PSO-MKL-SVR model and the PSO-SVR model. In a dataset comprising ten volunteers, the PSO-MKL-SVR model exhibited significant precision improvements, including a 16.03% reduction in Mean Square Error and a 0.29% increase in the Squared Correlation Coefficient. Moreover, there was a 0.14% higher probability of the Clark’s Error Grid Analysis falling within Zone A. Additionally, the PSO-MKL-SVR model demonstrated a faster operational speed compared to the PSO-SVR model.展开更多
Background:Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a polygenic metabolic disease,character-ized by high fasting blood glucose(FBG).The ability of cranberry(CRN)fruit to regulate glycemia in T2D patients is well known.Here,a cohort of ...Background:Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a polygenic metabolic disease,character-ized by high fasting blood glucose(FBG).The ability of cranberry(CRN)fruit to regulate glycemia in T2D patients is well known.Here,a cohort of 13 lines of the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross(CC)mouse model was assessed for the effect of non-dialyzable material(NDM)of cranberry extract in lowering fasting blood glucose.Methods:Eight-week-old mice were maintained on either a standard chow diet(con-trol group)or a high-fat diet(HFD)for 12 weeks,followed by injections of intraperi-toneal(IP)NDM(50 mg/kg)per mouse,three times a week for the next 6 weeks.Absolute FBG(mg/dl)was measured bi-weekly and percentage changes in FBG(%FBG)between weeks 0 and 12 were calculated.Results:Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in FBG between weeks 0 and 12 in male and female mice maintained on CHD.However,a non-significant in-crease in FBG values was observed in male and female mice maintained on HFD dur-ing the same period.Following administration of NDM during the following 6 weeks,the results show a variation in significant levels of FBG lowering between lines,male and female mice and under the different diets.Conclusion:The results suggest that the efficacy of NDM treatment in lowering FGB depends on host genetic background(pharmacogenetics),sex of the mouse(phar-macosex),and diet(pharmacodiet).All these results support the need for follow-up research to better understand and implement a personalized medicine approach/uti-lization of NDM for reducing FBG.展开更多
Purpose:This study sought to explore the effect of intraoperative mean blood glucose levels and variability on postoperative acute kidney injury(AKI)in children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery.Methods:We conduct...Purpose:This study sought to explore the effect of intraoperative mean blood glucose levels and variability on postoperative acute kidney injury(AKI)in children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery.Methods:We conducted a prospective nested case-control study in children(age<18 years)undergoing congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)at the Fuwai Hospital between April 01,2022 and July 30,2022.Cases were individuals who developed AKI within the first postoperative 7 days(AKI group)and controls were those without AKI(Non-AKI group)according to KDIGO criteria.AKI and Non-AKI groups unmatched and 1:1 matched by age,sex,and baseline serum creatinine were separately analyzed.Multivariate logistic and conditional logistic regressions were used to assess the associations between blood glucose variables and AKI.Results:688 consecutively approached patients were included in the final analysis.On multivariate analysis,intra-CPB(adjusted odds ratio[OR]0.802;95%confidence interval[CI],0.706 to 0.912;p=0.001)and post-CPB(adjusted OR 0.830;95%CI,0.744 to 0.925;p=0.001)blood glucose levels were associated with postoperative AKI.There were no significant differences in pre-CPB blood glucose(adjusted OR 0.926;95%CI,0.759 to 1.129;p=0.446)or intraoperative glycemic fluctuations(adjusted OR 0.905;95%CI,0.723 to 1.132;p=0.382)between AKI and Non-AKI groups.Results based on matched cases and controls were consistent with those from the unmatched analyses.Conclusion:Higher intraoperative blood glucose levels during and after CPB were protective factors against postoperative AKI in pediatric patients after congenital heart surgery.展开更多
Critically ill patients are prone to high glycemic variations irrespective of their diabetes status.This mandates frequent blood glucose(BG)monitoring and regulation of insulin therapy.Even though the most commonly em...Critically ill patients are prone to high glycemic variations irrespective of their diabetes status.This mandates frequent blood glucose(BG)monitoring and regulation of insulin therapy.Even though the most commonly employed capillary BG monitoring is convenient and rapid,it is inaccurate and prone to high bias,overestimating BG levels in critically ill patients.The targets for BG levels have also varied in the past few years ranging from tight glucose control to a more liberal approach.Each of these has its own fallacies,while tight control increases risk of hypoglycemia,liberal BG targets make the patients prone to hyperglycemia.Moreover,the recent evidence suggests that BG indices,such as glycemic variability and time in target range,may also affect patient outcomes.In this review,we highlight the nuances associated with BG monitoring,including the various indices required to be monitored,BG targets and recent advances in BG monitoring in critically ill patients.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease.With the improvement of living standards,the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in China is increasing.There are now more people with diabetes in China(>100 million)than i...Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease.With the improvement of living standards,the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in China is increasing.There are now more people with diabetes in China(>100 million)than in any other country.About half of these people with diabetes need to undergo at least one procedure in their lifetime.Diabetic patients have a much higher probability of perioperative dysglycemia than the normal population,which has a great impact on their prognosis.In addition,non-diabetic patients may also have abnormal blood glucose levels due to various reasons during the perioperative period,which will also lead to a series of adverse consequences.This ar ticle reviews the perioperative blood glucose management of patients to provide a reference for improving their health status.展开更多
Background: The etiology of ovarian cancer is not well-understood;numerous metabolomics profiling, epidemiological, and hospital-based case control studies have associated abnormal levels of blood glucose and serum li...Background: The etiology of ovarian cancer is not well-understood;numerous metabolomics profiling, epidemiological, and hospital-based case control studies have associated abnormal levels of blood glucose and serum lipids with the risk and the prognosis of various types of cancers including ovarian cancer. The association between the risk of the incidence of ovarian cancer and the alterations in the levels of blood glucose and serum lipids is not well defined. Objective: In this study we aimed to compare the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with different stages of ovarian cancer and healthy controls to determine how they relate to the risk and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Methodology: In a case-control cross sectional study, we enrolled ninety-nine Sudanese women, diagnosed with ovarian cancer but had not received any kind of treatment as the study group, and a control group of forty-one age-matched, apparently healthy women. The patients were classified according to the International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists staging system into two groups: early stages (stage I & II) and late stages (stages III & IV). Blood glucose and serum lipids;triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined by enzymatic colorimetric methods using commercially available analytical kits. The IBM SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical analysis. A Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of the median concentrations of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the study groups. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the relative risk of ovarian cancer in relation to levels of blood glucose and serum lipids. P value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Our data indicated significantly higher levels of blood glucose (p < 0.001), triacylglycerols (p = 0.002), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001), and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.023), in ovarian cancer patients compared to the control subjects. No significant difference was found in the levels of blood glucose or any of the serum lipids between patients in the early stages (stage I & II) and those in late stages (stage III & IV) of ovarian cancer. The logistic regression analysis indicated significant association between the elevated levels of the blood glucose, triacylglycerols and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of the ovarian cancer. Conclusion: We conclude that the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol differ significantly between ovarian cancer patients and the healthy control subjects. The risk of ovarian cancer was positively associated with the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and negatively associated with levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Therefore, determination of blood glucose and serum lipids, particularly, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be helpful as diagnostic indicators of ovarian cancer (OC).展开更多
Objective:To investigate the relationship between postprandial blood glucose(PBG),fasting insulin(FINS),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels and early diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:96 c...Objective:To investigate the relationship between postprandial blood glucose(PBG),fasting insulin(FINS),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels and early diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:96 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in our hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into two groups according to the urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),with 53 cases in the type 2 diabetes group(UAER<30μg/min)and 43 cases in the early diabetic nephropathy group(30μg/min≤UAER<300μg/min).PBG,FINS,and HbA1c levels were detected in 87 healthy patients.Results:The levels of PBG,FINS,and HbA1c in the early diabetic nephropathy group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.01)and the type 2 diabetes group(P<0.01).Conclusion:PBG,FINS,and HbA1c are factors affecting the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes;thus,controlling the levels of PBG,FINS,and HbA1c can effectively prevent the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Background: Obesity, diabetes, asthma, autism, birth defects, dyslexia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia have increased in children in the last half century. These increases may depend on the...Background: Obesity, diabetes, asthma, autism, birth defects, dyslexia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia have increased in children in the last half century. These increases may depend on the widespread, well known error in energy balance: the unremitting addition of fat at any will (decision) to eat. In most (60%) but not all people, the decision arises as conditioned before energy exhaustion of the energy available from previous meals. After meal suspension for few hours (up to 48 hours), healthy subjects identified the arousal of sensations of hunger that we named Initial Hunger (IH). After this identification, subjects distinguished IH from conditioned sensations before subsequent meals by mental comparison of the current arousal with the remembered IH. BG decreased to 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL and hunger sensations (Initial hunger, IH) arose spontaneously and corresponded to the complete exhaustion of the previous meals. Objective: Not Insulin Dependent (NID) diabetic people differ from fattening people in this: after meal suspension, they do not develop any hunger sensation nor the associated low blood glucose (BG). Methods: Meal suspension lets IH arise and after no arousal, reduction of energy intake. The two subjects consumed meals that provided at least 20 grams of animal protein and up to one kg of not-starchy vegetable (NSV) for 6 to 12 months. At reappearance of IH, we implemented an Initial Hunger Meal Pattern (IHMP). Results: We tried to implement IHMP training in two obese (BMI of 39 and 33) adults out of two consecutive recruitments of subjects who showed high fasting BG. We found an absence of BG decline to 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL and an absence of any hunger sensation after eating suspension. Both subjects lost 13% - 20% of their body weight and recovered 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL of BG and hunger sensations, i.e., went off diabetes. IHMP maintained the decreased body weight in the subsequent months. Conclusion: Diabetes develops for inveterate conditioned intake (when previous energy intake has not been fully exhausted before meals), excessive fattening (with presumed excessive post-absorption emission of fatty acids from fatty tissues), permanent loss of BG decline to 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL and permanent loss of physiological signals of hunger. A healthy, non-diabetic life may be recovered by painless loss of weight up to 20%. The body weight remained stable by implementing IHMP at reappearance of hunger sensations. This costs accurate energy intake planning instead of hunger endurance.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effect of blood glucose control mursing in intensive care umit (ICU)patients.Methods:The clinical data of 70 severe patients in ICU of ou hospital fom January 2019 to May 2020 were retrospecti...Objective:To analyze the effect of blood glucose control mursing in intensive care umit (ICU)patients.Methods:The clinical data of 70 severe patients in ICU of ou hospital fom January 2019 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The climical data of 34 patients with routine intervention were divided into the control group,and the clinical data of 36 patients with routine intervention and blood glucose control mursing were divided into the observation group,all were intervened for 14 days.The blood glucose levels and prognosis of the two groups were compared before intervention and at the end of 14 days of intervention,the time required o achieve the standard blood glucose level of the two groups was recorded Results:After 14 days of intervention,the fasting blood glucose level of the observation group was lower than the control group,the difference was satisically significant(P<0.05);the time of blood glucose reaching the standard in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);on the 14th day of intervention,the sequential organ failure asessment score(SOFA)score of the two groups was lower than before intervention,the SOFA score of the observation group was lower than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The effect of blood glucose control mursing in ICU is better,which effectively controlled the blood glucose level of patients and improved the prognosis of patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood.The number of type 1 diabetes patients in China still ranks fourth in the world.Therefore,children with type 1 diabetes in China are a...BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood.The number of type 1 diabetes patients in China still ranks fourth in the world.Therefore,children with type 1 diabetes in China are a group that needs attention.The management of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)involves many aspects of daily life.It is extremely challenging for children and their families.T1DM children have complex medical care needs.Despite the continuous development of therapeutic medicine and treatment technologies,blood glucose control in children with T1DM is still not ideal.They and their parents need to acquire more knowledge and skills before being discharged.AIM To explore the influence of hospital discharge plan based on parental care needs of children with T1DM on discharge readiness,quality of discharge education and blood glucose control level.METHODS In total,102 parents of children with type 1 diabetes were divided into control group and intervention group according to admission time.Fifty cases from February to June 2019 were selected as the control group,and 52 cases from July to October 2019 were selected as the intervention group to implement the discharge plan.The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale,Hospital Discharged Education Quality Scale and children's blood glucose metabolism indicators were used to compare the differences in discharge preparation,discharge education quality and blood glucose control between the two groups of children and their parents.RESULTS On the day of discharge,the two groups of children had the following scores of readiness for discharge:The intervention group score was 225.34±32.47,and the control group score was 208.68±29.31.The P value was 0.007,and the difference was statistically significant.The discharge education quality scores were as follows:The intervention group score was 135.11±19.86,the control group score was 124.13±15.56,the P value was 0.002 and the difference was statistically significant.Three months after discharge,the blood glucose metabolism indicator showed that the glycosylated hemoglobin value of the two groups was(7.45%±1.04%),and that of the control group was(8.04%±1.27%),P=0.012.Therefore,the improvement of parents'readiness for discharge,quality of discharge education and blood glucose metabolism indicators(glycosylated hemoglobin,fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose)in the intervention group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the difference was statistically significant.CONCLUSION The discharge plan for children with T1DM can help the children and their families realize the transition from hospital care to home self-management and improve the parents'readiness for discharge,thereby improving children’s blood glucose control levels.展开更多
BACKGROUND Lactulose is approved for the symptomatic treatment of constipation,a gastrointestinal(GI)complication common in individuals with diabetes.Lactulose products contain carbohydrate impurities(e.g.,lactose,fru...BACKGROUND Lactulose is approved for the symptomatic treatment of constipation,a gastrointestinal(GI)complication common in individuals with diabetes.Lactulose products contain carbohydrate impurities(e.g.,lactose,fructose,galactose),which occur during the lactulose manufacturing process.These impurities may affect the blood glucose levels of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)using lactulose for the treatment of mild constipation.A previous study in healthy subjects revealed no increase in blood glucose levels after oral lactulose intake.However,it is still unclear whether the intake of lactulose increases blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes.AIM To evaluate the blood glucose profile after oral lactulose intake in mildly constipated,non-insulin-dependent subjects with T2DM in an outpatient setting.METHODS This prospective,double-blind,randomized,controlled,single-center trial was conducted at the Clinical Research Center at the Medical University of Graz,Austria,in 24 adult Caucasian mildly constipated,non-insulin-dependent subjects with T2DM.Eligible subjects were randomized and assigned to one of six treatment sequences,each consisting of four treatments stratified by sex using an incomplete block design.Subjects received a single dose of 20 g or 30 g lactulose(crystal and liquid formulation),water as negative control or 30 g glucose as positive control.Capillary blood glucose concentrations were measured over a period of 180 min post dose.The primary endpoint was the baseline-corrected area under the curve of blood glucose concentrations over the complete assessment period[AUC_(baseline_c(0-180 min))].Quantitative comparisons were performed for both lactulose doses and formulations vs water for the equal lactulose dose vs glucose,as well as for liquid lactulose vs crystal lactulose.Safety parameters included GI tolerability,which was assessed at 180 min and 24 h post dose,and adverse events occurring up to 24 h post dose.In 24 randomized and analyzed subjects blood glucose concentration-time curves after intake of 20 g and 30 g lactulose were almost identical to those after water intake for both lactulose formulations despite the different amounts of carbohydrate impurities(≤3.0%for crystals and approx.30%for liquid).The primary endpoint[AUC_(baseline_c(0-180 min))]was not significantly different between lactulose and water regardless of lactulose dose and formulation.Also with regard to all secondary endpoints lactulose formulations showed comparable results to water with one exception concerning maximum glucose level.A minor increase in maximum blood glucose was observed after the 30 g dose,liquid lactulose,in comparison to water with a mean treatment difference of 0.63 mmol/L(95%confidence intervals:0.19,1.07).Intake of 30 g glucose significantly increased all blood glucose endpoints vs 30 g liquid and crystal lactulose,respectively(all P<0.0001).No differences in blood glucose response were observed between the different lactulose formulations.As expected,lactulose increased the number of bowel movements and was generally well tolerated.Subjects experienced only mild to moderate GI symptoms due to the laxative action of lactulose.CONCLUSION Blood glucose AUC_(baseline_c(0-180 min))levels in mildly constipated,non-insulin dependent subjects with T2DM are not affected by the carbohydrate impurities contained in 20 g and 30 g crystal or liquid lactulose formulations.展开更多
Controlling postprandial blood glucose levels can prevent and improve lifestyle-related diseases. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a commercially available vegetable juice, which is a convenient alternative to vege...Controlling postprandial blood glucose levels can prevent and improve lifestyle-related diseases. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a commercially available vegetable juice, which is a convenient alternative to vegetables, on postprandial glucose elevation. In test 1, we confirmed the appropriate timing to consume the vegetable juice (200 mL), and demonstrated that postprandial glucose elevation was attenuated by drinking the vegetable juice with or before the experimental meal. The change in maximum concentration (ΔCmax) of blood glucose was the lowest when the vegetable juice was consumed at 30 min before the meal. In test 2, we confirmed the necessary ingestion volumes of vegetable juice (range: 68.5 - 274 mL) for attenuating the response to 50 g of carbohydrates. After drinking 200 mL of vegetable juice, the ΔCmax and incremental area under the curve values for blood glucose were significantly lower than those for after drinking the same volume of water (p < 0.05). However, a greater volume of vegetable juice did not provide an additive effect. Our results suggest that approximately 200 mL of vegetable juice at 30 min before meals is the most effective method for using vegetable juice to suppress postprandial blood glucose elevation. Stimulation of insulin secretion due to the pre-meal vegetable juice intake may contribute to this effect, although further studies are needed to identify the detailed mechanism for the attenuation.展开更多
Studies have indicated that night lights interfere with the circadian rhythm in the human body and threaten human health. Our previous studies indicated that continuous light exposure severely damages the reproductive...Studies have indicated that night lights interfere with the circadian rhythm in the human body and threaten human health. Our previous studies indicated that continuous light exposure severely damages the reproductive endocrine system of female rats resembles polycystic ovary syndrome in women. In this study, we used the continuous measurement method to observe changes in the basal physiological indicators of female rats in an abnormal light exposure environment. Our study results indicated that in female rats: 1) the body temperature first continuously and gradually increased followed by a gradually decrease;2) the increase in body weight slowed down at the late stage of the experimental process;3) the random blood glucose level increased, and the fasting serum insulin level decreased;and 4) the serum C-reactive protein level increased. Our study investigated for the first time the correlation between the duration of continuous light exposure in female rats and the continuously measured basal physiological indicators and preliminarily discussed the effect of continuous light exposure on female basal metabolism and the possible inflammation mechanism. We propose that long-term continuous exposure to night lights in females severely damages their immune and metabolic systems.展开更多
Diabetes is a burning issue in the whole world.It is the imbalance between body glucose and insulin.The study of this imbalance is very much needed from a research point of view.For this reason,Bergman gave an importa...Diabetes is a burning issue in the whole world.It is the imbalance between body glucose and insulin.The study of this imbalance is very much needed from a research point of view.For this reason,Bergman gave an important model named-Bergman minimalmodel.In the present work,using Caputo-Fabrizio(CF)fractional derivative,we generalize Bergman’s minimal blood glucose-insulin model.Further,we modify the old model by including one more component known as diet D(t),which is also essential for the blood glucose model.We solve the modified modelwith the help of Sumudu transformand fixed-point iteration procedures.Also,using the fixed point theorem,we examine the existence and uniqueness of the results along with their numerical and graphical representation.Furthermore,the comparison between the values of parameters obtained by calculating different values of t with experimental data is also studied.Finally,we draw the graphs of G(t),X(t),I(t),andD(t)for different values ofτ.It is also clear from the obtained results and their graphical representation that the obtained results of modified Bergman’s minimal model are better than Bergman’s model.展开更多
Six weeks BALB/c mice were fed with an atherogenic diet for 24 weeks and purified water ad libitum.An experimental group was given betanidin,orally,during the last 40 days of the experiment at a dose of 9.6 mg per mou...Six weeks BALB/c mice were fed with an atherogenic diet for 24 weeks and purified water ad libitum.An experimental group was given betanidin,orally,during the last 40 days of the experiment at a dose of 9.6 mg per mouse per day.Negative controls were fed with standard rodent chow only.Glycemia was measured at the end of the experiment,after overnight fasting.The group treated with betanidin presented a highly significant reduction of 50.94%compared to positive controls.We conclude that betanidin reduces glycemia in BALB/c mice by an unidentified mechanism.展开更多
AIM:To explore the established method of the diabetic mouse blood glucose control model and preliminar y observation of its influence on the retinas of diabetic mice.METHODS:The db/db BKS-DB(Lepr^(ko/ko))mice were ran...AIM:To explore the established method of the diabetic mouse blood glucose control model and preliminar y observation of its influence on the retinas of diabetic mice.METHODS:The db/db BKS-DB(Lepr^(ko/ko))mice were randomly divided into two groups:the poor blood glucose control group(PG group,n=18)and the stable blood glucose control group(SG group,n=12),with BKS-DB(Lepr^(wt/wt))as the normal blood glucose control group(NG group,n=18).According to the blood glucose values for 5 intervals which were monitored during the period of adaption,the PG group was injected with insulin aspart twice daily,fasted for 2h and then returned to normal.The SG group was injected with insulin aspart twice and insulin glargine once daily and fed with a quantitative ration.Fundus images were collected after eight weeks.The glycosylated hemoglobin(Hb A1c),mean blood glucose level(MBG),standard deviation of blood glucose(SDBG),coefficient of variation of blood glucose(CVBG),and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion(MAGE)in each group were examined and calculated.RESULTS:The Hb A1c,MBG,SDBG,CVBG,and MAGE levels in the PG group were significantly higher than those in the NG and SG groups(all P<0.05).MBG,SDBG,CVBG,and MAGE levels in the SG group were higher than those in the NG group(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in Hb A1c levels between the NG and SG groups(P>0.05).Preliminary observation of fundus images in the PG group and SG groups showed scattered retinal bleeding spots,while bleeding was more obvious in the PG group.CONCLUSION:The blood glucose control model of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice can be successfully established by subcutaneous injection of insulin aspart insulin glargine and rationed food,which is valuable for studying the mechanism of blood glucose fluctuations in diabetic complications in vivo.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of blood glucose self-monitoring on glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes by performing a meta-analysis.Methods:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of t...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of blood glucose self-monitoring on glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes by performing a meta-analysis.Methods:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of the efficacy of blood glucose selfmonitoring were collected from the PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CNKI,and VIP databases.Data were analyzed by RevMan 5.1 software.Results:Seven RCTs were included in this meta-analysis.The results indicated that blood glucose self-monitoring significantly reduced the glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)level by 0.41%.Subgroup analysis showed that while implementation of a diabetes management regimen based on the blood glucose self-monitoring results effectively reduced the HbA1c level by 0.42%,no significant improvement in HbA1c level control was observed with the implementation of blood glucose self-monitoring alone.Conclusion:Blood glucose self-monitoring combined with diabetes management effectively improves glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.展开更多
BACKGROUND: It has shown that abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity during onset of diabetes mellitus is not related to age and sex, but to symptoms, illness course and level of fasting blood glucose. OB...BACKGROUND: It has shown that abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity during onset of diabetes mellitus is not related to age and sex, but to symptoms, illness course and level of fasting blood glucose. OBJECTIVE: To measure correlation of abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity with various illness courses, symptoms and levels of fasting blood glucose of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Case analysis. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Central People's Hospital of Huizhou. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 128 patients who were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from Central People's Hospital of Huizhou from September 2001 to October 2005. There were 75 males and 53 females aged 32-83 years and the illness course ranged from 1 month to 20 years. METHODS: All 128 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus received neuro-electrophysiological study and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed to measure peripheral nerve conduction velocity and fasting blood glucose so as to investigate the correlation of peripheral nerve conduction velocity with clinical symptoms, illness course and levels of fasting blood glucose. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation of peripheral nerve conduction velocity with clinical symptoms, illness course and levels of fasting blood glucose. RESULTS: All 128 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were involved in the final analysis. ① Among 128 patients, 114 patients had abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity; 110 patients had clinical symptoms, including 102 patients having abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity; 18 patients did not have clinical symptoms, including 12 patients having abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity. There were significant differences between them (χ 2=8.275, P =0.04). ② Among 128 patients, illness course of 75 patients was equal to or less than 5 years, including 27 patients having abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity; illness course of 53 patients was more than 5 years, including 35 patients having abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity. There were significant differences between them (χ 2=11.469, P =0.003). ③ Among 128 patients, levels of fasting blood glucose of 75 patients was equal to or lower than 11 mmol/L, including 41 patients having abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity; levels of fasting blood glucose of 53 patients was higher than 11 mmol/L, including 38 patients having abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity. There were significant differences between them (χ 2=4.023, P =0.134). CONCLUSION: ① Abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is related to illness courses and clinical symptoms. The longer the illness course is, the severer the abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity is. Abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity always occurs on patients who have clinical symptoms. ② Abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity is not related to levels of fasting blood glucose.展开更多
文摘To improve the accuracy of predicting non-invasive blood glucose concentration in the near-infrared spectrum, we utilized the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize hyperparameters for the Multi-Kernel Learning Support Vector Machine (MKL-SVR). With these optimized hyperparameters, we established a non-invasive blood glucose regression model, referred to as the PSO-MKL-SVR model. Subsequently, we conducted a comparative analysis between the PSO-MKL-SVR model and the PSO-SVR model. In a dataset comprising ten volunteers, the PSO-MKL-SVR model exhibited significant precision improvements, including a 16.03% reduction in Mean Square Error and a 0.29% increase in the Squared Correlation Coefficient. Moreover, there was a 0.14% higher probability of the Clark’s Error Grid Analysis falling within Zone A. Additionally, the PSO-MKL-SVR model demonstrated a faster operational speed compared to the PSO-SVR model.
基金supported by a core fund from Tel-Aviv University.
文摘Background:Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a polygenic metabolic disease,character-ized by high fasting blood glucose(FBG).The ability of cranberry(CRN)fruit to regulate glycemia in T2D patients is well known.Here,a cohort of 13 lines of the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross(CC)mouse model was assessed for the effect of non-dialyzable material(NDM)of cranberry extract in lowering fasting blood glucose.Methods:Eight-week-old mice were maintained on either a standard chow diet(con-trol group)or a high-fat diet(HFD)for 12 weeks,followed by injections of intraperi-toneal(IP)NDM(50 mg/kg)per mouse,three times a week for the next 6 weeks.Absolute FBG(mg/dl)was measured bi-weekly and percentage changes in FBG(%FBG)between weeks 0 and 12 were calculated.Results:Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in FBG between weeks 0 and 12 in male and female mice maintained on CHD.However,a non-significant in-crease in FBG values was observed in male and female mice maintained on HFD dur-ing the same period.Following administration of NDM during the following 6 weeks,the results show a variation in significant levels of FBG lowering between lines,male and female mice and under the different diets.Conclusion:The results suggest that the efficacy of NDM treatment in lowering FGB depends on host genetic background(pharmacogenetics),sex of the mouse(phar-macosex),and diet(pharmacodiet).All these results support the need for follow-up research to better understand and implement a personalized medicine approach/uti-lization of NDM for reducing FBG.
基金the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2021-I2M-C&T-B-036).
文摘Purpose:This study sought to explore the effect of intraoperative mean blood glucose levels and variability on postoperative acute kidney injury(AKI)in children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery.Methods:We conducted a prospective nested case-control study in children(age<18 years)undergoing congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)at the Fuwai Hospital between April 01,2022 and July 30,2022.Cases were individuals who developed AKI within the first postoperative 7 days(AKI group)and controls were those without AKI(Non-AKI group)according to KDIGO criteria.AKI and Non-AKI groups unmatched and 1:1 matched by age,sex,and baseline serum creatinine were separately analyzed.Multivariate logistic and conditional logistic regressions were used to assess the associations between blood glucose variables and AKI.Results:688 consecutively approached patients were included in the final analysis.On multivariate analysis,intra-CPB(adjusted odds ratio[OR]0.802;95%confidence interval[CI],0.706 to 0.912;p=0.001)and post-CPB(adjusted OR 0.830;95%CI,0.744 to 0.925;p=0.001)blood glucose levels were associated with postoperative AKI.There were no significant differences in pre-CPB blood glucose(adjusted OR 0.926;95%CI,0.759 to 1.129;p=0.446)or intraoperative glycemic fluctuations(adjusted OR 0.905;95%CI,0.723 to 1.132;p=0.382)between AKI and Non-AKI groups.Results based on matched cases and controls were consistent with those from the unmatched analyses.Conclusion:Higher intraoperative blood glucose levels during and after CPB were protective factors against postoperative AKI in pediatric patients after congenital heart surgery.
文摘Critically ill patients are prone to high glycemic variations irrespective of their diabetes status.This mandates frequent blood glucose(BG)monitoring and regulation of insulin therapy.Even though the most commonly employed capillary BG monitoring is convenient and rapid,it is inaccurate and prone to high bias,overestimating BG levels in critically ill patients.The targets for BG levels have also varied in the past few years ranging from tight glucose control to a more liberal approach.Each of these has its own fallacies,while tight control increases risk of hypoglycemia,liberal BG targets make the patients prone to hyperglycemia.Moreover,the recent evidence suggests that BG indices,such as glycemic variability and time in target range,may also affect patient outcomes.In this review,we highlight the nuances associated with BG monitoring,including the various indices required to be monitored,BG targets and recent advances in BG monitoring in critically ill patients.
基金supported by Emerging Industry Leading Talent Project of Shanxi Province (No.2020587)。
文摘Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease.With the improvement of living standards,the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in China is increasing.There are now more people with diabetes in China(>100 million)than in any other country.About half of these people with diabetes need to undergo at least one procedure in their lifetime.Diabetic patients have a much higher probability of perioperative dysglycemia than the normal population,which has a great impact on their prognosis.In addition,non-diabetic patients may also have abnormal blood glucose levels due to various reasons during the perioperative period,which will also lead to a series of adverse consequences.This ar ticle reviews the perioperative blood glucose management of patients to provide a reference for improving their health status.
文摘Background: The etiology of ovarian cancer is not well-understood;numerous metabolomics profiling, epidemiological, and hospital-based case control studies have associated abnormal levels of blood glucose and serum lipids with the risk and the prognosis of various types of cancers including ovarian cancer. The association between the risk of the incidence of ovarian cancer and the alterations in the levels of blood glucose and serum lipids is not well defined. Objective: In this study we aimed to compare the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with different stages of ovarian cancer and healthy controls to determine how they relate to the risk and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Methodology: In a case-control cross sectional study, we enrolled ninety-nine Sudanese women, diagnosed with ovarian cancer but had not received any kind of treatment as the study group, and a control group of forty-one age-matched, apparently healthy women. The patients were classified according to the International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists staging system into two groups: early stages (stage I & II) and late stages (stages III & IV). Blood glucose and serum lipids;triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined by enzymatic colorimetric methods using commercially available analytical kits. The IBM SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical analysis. A Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of the median concentrations of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the study groups. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the relative risk of ovarian cancer in relation to levels of blood glucose and serum lipids. P value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Our data indicated significantly higher levels of blood glucose (p < 0.001), triacylglycerols (p = 0.002), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001), and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.023), in ovarian cancer patients compared to the control subjects. No significant difference was found in the levels of blood glucose or any of the serum lipids between patients in the early stages (stage I & II) and those in late stages (stage III & IV) of ovarian cancer. The logistic regression analysis indicated significant association between the elevated levels of the blood glucose, triacylglycerols and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of the ovarian cancer. Conclusion: We conclude that the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol differ significantly between ovarian cancer patients and the healthy control subjects. The risk of ovarian cancer was positively associated with the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and negatively associated with levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Therefore, determination of blood glucose and serum lipids, particularly, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be helpful as diagnostic indicators of ovarian cancer (OC).
文摘Objective:To investigate the relationship between postprandial blood glucose(PBG),fasting insulin(FINS),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels and early diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:96 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in our hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into two groups according to the urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),with 53 cases in the type 2 diabetes group(UAER<30μg/min)and 43 cases in the early diabetic nephropathy group(30μg/min≤UAER<300μg/min).PBG,FINS,and HbA1c levels were detected in 87 healthy patients.Results:The levels of PBG,FINS,and HbA1c in the early diabetic nephropathy group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.01)and the type 2 diabetes group(P<0.01).Conclusion:PBG,FINS,and HbA1c are factors affecting the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes;thus,controlling the levels of PBG,FINS,and HbA1c can effectively prevent the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
文摘Background: Obesity, diabetes, asthma, autism, birth defects, dyslexia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia have increased in children in the last half century. These increases may depend on the widespread, well known error in energy balance: the unremitting addition of fat at any will (decision) to eat. In most (60%) but not all people, the decision arises as conditioned before energy exhaustion of the energy available from previous meals. After meal suspension for few hours (up to 48 hours), healthy subjects identified the arousal of sensations of hunger that we named Initial Hunger (IH). After this identification, subjects distinguished IH from conditioned sensations before subsequent meals by mental comparison of the current arousal with the remembered IH. BG decreased to 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL and hunger sensations (Initial hunger, IH) arose spontaneously and corresponded to the complete exhaustion of the previous meals. Objective: Not Insulin Dependent (NID) diabetic people differ from fattening people in this: after meal suspension, they do not develop any hunger sensation nor the associated low blood glucose (BG). Methods: Meal suspension lets IH arise and after no arousal, reduction of energy intake. The two subjects consumed meals that provided at least 20 grams of animal protein and up to one kg of not-starchy vegetable (NSV) for 6 to 12 months. At reappearance of IH, we implemented an Initial Hunger Meal Pattern (IHMP). Results: We tried to implement IHMP training in two obese (BMI of 39 and 33) adults out of two consecutive recruitments of subjects who showed high fasting BG. We found an absence of BG decline to 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL and an absence of any hunger sensation after eating suspension. Both subjects lost 13% - 20% of their body weight and recovered 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL of BG and hunger sensations, i.e., went off diabetes. IHMP maintained the decreased body weight in the subsequent months. Conclusion: Diabetes develops for inveterate conditioned intake (when previous energy intake has not been fully exhausted before meals), excessive fattening (with presumed excessive post-absorption emission of fatty acids from fatty tissues), permanent loss of BG decline to 76.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL and permanent loss of physiological signals of hunger. A healthy, non-diabetic life may be recovered by painless loss of weight up to 20%. The body weight remained stable by implementing IHMP at reappearance of hunger sensations. This costs accurate energy intake planning instead of hunger endurance.
文摘Objective:To analyze the effect of blood glucose control mursing in intensive care umit (ICU)patients.Methods:The clinical data of 70 severe patients in ICU of ou hospital fom January 2019 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The climical data of 34 patients with routine intervention were divided into the control group,and the clinical data of 36 patients with routine intervention and blood glucose control mursing were divided into the observation group,all were intervened for 14 days.The blood glucose levels and prognosis of the two groups were compared before intervention and at the end of 14 days of intervention,the time required o achieve the standard blood glucose level of the two groups was recorded Results:After 14 days of intervention,the fasting blood glucose level of the observation group was lower than the control group,the difference was satisically significant(P<0.05);the time of blood glucose reaching the standard in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);on the 14th day of intervention,the sequential organ failure asessment score(SOFA)score of the two groups was lower than before intervention,the SOFA score of the observation group was lower than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The effect of blood glucose control mursing in ICU is better,which effectively controlled the blood glucose level of patients and improved the prognosis of patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood.The number of type 1 diabetes patients in China still ranks fourth in the world.Therefore,children with type 1 diabetes in China are a group that needs attention.The management of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)involves many aspects of daily life.It is extremely challenging for children and their families.T1DM children have complex medical care needs.Despite the continuous development of therapeutic medicine and treatment technologies,blood glucose control in children with T1DM is still not ideal.They and their parents need to acquire more knowledge and skills before being discharged.AIM To explore the influence of hospital discharge plan based on parental care needs of children with T1DM on discharge readiness,quality of discharge education and blood glucose control level.METHODS In total,102 parents of children with type 1 diabetes were divided into control group and intervention group according to admission time.Fifty cases from February to June 2019 were selected as the control group,and 52 cases from July to October 2019 were selected as the intervention group to implement the discharge plan.The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale,Hospital Discharged Education Quality Scale and children's blood glucose metabolism indicators were used to compare the differences in discharge preparation,discharge education quality and blood glucose control between the two groups of children and their parents.RESULTS On the day of discharge,the two groups of children had the following scores of readiness for discharge:The intervention group score was 225.34±32.47,and the control group score was 208.68±29.31.The P value was 0.007,and the difference was statistically significant.The discharge education quality scores were as follows:The intervention group score was 135.11±19.86,the control group score was 124.13±15.56,the P value was 0.002 and the difference was statistically significant.Three months after discharge,the blood glucose metabolism indicator showed that the glycosylated hemoglobin value of the two groups was(7.45%±1.04%),and that of the control group was(8.04%±1.27%),P=0.012.Therefore,the improvement of parents'readiness for discharge,quality of discharge education and blood glucose metabolism indicators(glycosylated hemoglobin,fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose)in the intervention group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the difference was statistically significant.CONCLUSION The discharge plan for children with T1DM can help the children and their families realize the transition from hospital care to home self-management and improve the parents'readiness for discharge,thereby improving children’s blood glucose control levels.
文摘BACKGROUND Lactulose is approved for the symptomatic treatment of constipation,a gastrointestinal(GI)complication common in individuals with diabetes.Lactulose products contain carbohydrate impurities(e.g.,lactose,fructose,galactose),which occur during the lactulose manufacturing process.These impurities may affect the blood glucose levels of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)using lactulose for the treatment of mild constipation.A previous study in healthy subjects revealed no increase in blood glucose levels after oral lactulose intake.However,it is still unclear whether the intake of lactulose increases blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes.AIM To evaluate the blood glucose profile after oral lactulose intake in mildly constipated,non-insulin-dependent subjects with T2DM in an outpatient setting.METHODS This prospective,double-blind,randomized,controlled,single-center trial was conducted at the Clinical Research Center at the Medical University of Graz,Austria,in 24 adult Caucasian mildly constipated,non-insulin-dependent subjects with T2DM.Eligible subjects were randomized and assigned to one of six treatment sequences,each consisting of four treatments stratified by sex using an incomplete block design.Subjects received a single dose of 20 g or 30 g lactulose(crystal and liquid formulation),water as negative control or 30 g glucose as positive control.Capillary blood glucose concentrations were measured over a period of 180 min post dose.The primary endpoint was the baseline-corrected area under the curve of blood glucose concentrations over the complete assessment period[AUC_(baseline_c(0-180 min))].Quantitative comparisons were performed for both lactulose doses and formulations vs water for the equal lactulose dose vs glucose,as well as for liquid lactulose vs crystal lactulose.Safety parameters included GI tolerability,which was assessed at 180 min and 24 h post dose,and adverse events occurring up to 24 h post dose.In 24 randomized and analyzed subjects blood glucose concentration-time curves after intake of 20 g and 30 g lactulose were almost identical to those after water intake for both lactulose formulations despite the different amounts of carbohydrate impurities(≤3.0%for crystals and approx.30%for liquid).The primary endpoint[AUC_(baseline_c(0-180 min))]was not significantly different between lactulose and water regardless of lactulose dose and formulation.Also with regard to all secondary endpoints lactulose formulations showed comparable results to water with one exception concerning maximum glucose level.A minor increase in maximum blood glucose was observed after the 30 g dose,liquid lactulose,in comparison to water with a mean treatment difference of 0.63 mmol/L(95%confidence intervals:0.19,1.07).Intake of 30 g glucose significantly increased all blood glucose endpoints vs 30 g liquid and crystal lactulose,respectively(all P<0.0001).No differences in blood glucose response were observed between the different lactulose formulations.As expected,lactulose increased the number of bowel movements and was generally well tolerated.Subjects experienced only mild to moderate GI symptoms due to the laxative action of lactulose.CONCLUSION Blood glucose AUC_(baseline_c(0-180 min))levels in mildly constipated,non-insulin dependent subjects with T2DM are not affected by the carbohydrate impurities contained in 20 g and 30 g crystal or liquid lactulose formulations.
文摘Controlling postprandial blood glucose levels can prevent and improve lifestyle-related diseases. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a commercially available vegetable juice, which is a convenient alternative to vegetables, on postprandial glucose elevation. In test 1, we confirmed the appropriate timing to consume the vegetable juice (200 mL), and demonstrated that postprandial glucose elevation was attenuated by drinking the vegetable juice with or before the experimental meal. The change in maximum concentration (ΔCmax) of blood glucose was the lowest when the vegetable juice was consumed at 30 min before the meal. In test 2, we confirmed the necessary ingestion volumes of vegetable juice (range: 68.5 - 274 mL) for attenuating the response to 50 g of carbohydrates. After drinking 200 mL of vegetable juice, the ΔCmax and incremental area under the curve values for blood glucose were significantly lower than those for after drinking the same volume of water (p < 0.05). However, a greater volume of vegetable juice did not provide an additive effect. Our results suggest that approximately 200 mL of vegetable juice at 30 min before meals is the most effective method for using vegetable juice to suppress postprandial blood glucose elevation. Stimulation of insulin secretion due to the pre-meal vegetable juice intake may contribute to this effect, although further studies are needed to identify the detailed mechanism for the attenuation.
文摘Studies have indicated that night lights interfere with the circadian rhythm in the human body and threaten human health. Our previous studies indicated that continuous light exposure severely damages the reproductive endocrine system of female rats resembles polycystic ovary syndrome in women. In this study, we used the continuous measurement method to observe changes in the basal physiological indicators of female rats in an abnormal light exposure environment. Our study results indicated that in female rats: 1) the body temperature first continuously and gradually increased followed by a gradually decrease;2) the increase in body weight slowed down at the late stage of the experimental process;3) the random blood glucose level increased, and the fasting serum insulin level decreased;and 4) the serum C-reactive protein level increased. Our study investigated for the first time the correlation between the duration of continuous light exposure in female rats and the continuously measured basal physiological indicators and preliminarily discussed the effect of continuous light exposure on female basal metabolism and the possible inflammation mechanism. We propose that long-term continuous exposure to night lights in females severely damages their immune and metabolic systems.
文摘Diabetes is a burning issue in the whole world.It is the imbalance between body glucose and insulin.The study of this imbalance is very much needed from a research point of view.For this reason,Bergman gave an important model named-Bergman minimalmodel.In the present work,using Caputo-Fabrizio(CF)fractional derivative,we generalize Bergman’s minimal blood glucose-insulin model.Further,we modify the old model by including one more component known as diet D(t),which is also essential for the blood glucose model.We solve the modified modelwith the help of Sumudu transformand fixed-point iteration procedures.Also,using the fixed point theorem,we examine the existence and uniqueness of the results along with their numerical and graphical representation.Furthermore,the comparison between the values of parameters obtained by calculating different values of t with experimental data is also studied.Finally,we draw the graphs of G(t),X(t),I(t),andD(t)for different values ofτ.It is also clear from the obtained results and their graphical representation that the obtained results of modified Bergman’s minimal model are better than Bergman’s model.
文摘Six weeks BALB/c mice were fed with an atherogenic diet for 24 weeks and purified water ad libitum.An experimental group was given betanidin,orally,during the last 40 days of the experiment at a dose of 9.6 mg per mouse per day.Negative controls were fed with standard rodent chow only.Glycemia was measured at the end of the experiment,after overnight fasting.The group treated with betanidin presented a highly significant reduction of 50.94%compared to positive controls.We conclude that betanidin reduces glycemia in BALB/c mice by an unidentified mechanism.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81700856)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(No.1808085QH280No.1908085QH381)。
文摘AIM:To explore the established method of the diabetic mouse blood glucose control model and preliminar y observation of its influence on the retinas of diabetic mice.METHODS:The db/db BKS-DB(Lepr^(ko/ko))mice were randomly divided into two groups:the poor blood glucose control group(PG group,n=18)and the stable blood glucose control group(SG group,n=12),with BKS-DB(Lepr^(wt/wt))as the normal blood glucose control group(NG group,n=18).According to the blood glucose values for 5 intervals which were monitored during the period of adaption,the PG group was injected with insulin aspart twice daily,fasted for 2h and then returned to normal.The SG group was injected with insulin aspart twice and insulin glargine once daily and fed with a quantitative ration.Fundus images were collected after eight weeks.The glycosylated hemoglobin(Hb A1c),mean blood glucose level(MBG),standard deviation of blood glucose(SDBG),coefficient of variation of blood glucose(CVBG),and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion(MAGE)in each group were examined and calculated.RESULTS:The Hb A1c,MBG,SDBG,CVBG,and MAGE levels in the PG group were significantly higher than those in the NG and SG groups(all P<0.05).MBG,SDBG,CVBG,and MAGE levels in the SG group were higher than those in the NG group(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in Hb A1c levels between the NG and SG groups(P>0.05).Preliminary observation of fundus images in the PG group and SG groups showed scattered retinal bleeding spots,while bleeding was more obvious in the PG group.CONCLUSION:The blood glucose control model of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice can be successfully established by subcutaneous injection of insulin aspart insulin glargine and rationed food,which is valuable for studying the mechanism of blood glucose fluctuations in diabetic complications in vivo.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of blood glucose self-monitoring on glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes by performing a meta-analysis.Methods:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of the efficacy of blood glucose selfmonitoring were collected from the PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CNKI,and VIP databases.Data were analyzed by RevMan 5.1 software.Results:Seven RCTs were included in this meta-analysis.The results indicated that blood glucose self-monitoring significantly reduced the glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)level by 0.41%.Subgroup analysis showed that while implementation of a diabetes management regimen based on the blood glucose self-monitoring results effectively reduced the HbA1c level by 0.42%,no significant improvement in HbA1c level control was observed with the implementation of blood glucose self-monitoring alone.Conclusion:Blood glucose self-monitoring combined with diabetes management effectively improves glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.
文摘BACKGROUND: It has shown that abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity during onset of diabetes mellitus is not related to age and sex, but to symptoms, illness course and level of fasting blood glucose. OBJECTIVE: To measure correlation of abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity with various illness courses, symptoms and levels of fasting blood glucose of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Case analysis. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Central People's Hospital of Huizhou. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 128 patients who were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from Central People's Hospital of Huizhou from September 2001 to October 2005. There were 75 males and 53 females aged 32-83 years and the illness course ranged from 1 month to 20 years. METHODS: All 128 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus received neuro-electrophysiological study and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed to measure peripheral nerve conduction velocity and fasting blood glucose so as to investigate the correlation of peripheral nerve conduction velocity with clinical symptoms, illness course and levels of fasting blood glucose. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation of peripheral nerve conduction velocity with clinical symptoms, illness course and levels of fasting blood glucose. RESULTS: All 128 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were involved in the final analysis. ① Among 128 patients, 114 patients had abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity; 110 patients had clinical symptoms, including 102 patients having abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity; 18 patients did not have clinical symptoms, including 12 patients having abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity. There were significant differences between them (χ 2=8.275, P =0.04). ② Among 128 patients, illness course of 75 patients was equal to or less than 5 years, including 27 patients having abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity; illness course of 53 patients was more than 5 years, including 35 patients having abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity. There were significant differences between them (χ 2=11.469, P =0.003). ③ Among 128 patients, levels of fasting blood glucose of 75 patients was equal to or lower than 11 mmol/L, including 41 patients having abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity; levels of fasting blood glucose of 53 patients was higher than 11 mmol/L, including 38 patients having abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity. There were significant differences between them (χ 2=4.023, P =0.134). CONCLUSION: ① Abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is related to illness courses and clinical symptoms. The longer the illness course is, the severer the abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity is. Abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity always occurs on patients who have clinical symptoms. ② Abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction velocity is not related to levels of fasting blood glucose.
