Etrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in China and the world.Acute and chronic toxicity tests were carried out to assess the possible toxicity effect of atrazine on crucian carp(Carassius auratus).Results...Etrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in China and the world.Acute and chronic toxicity tests were carried out to assess the possible toxicity effect of atrazine on crucian carp(Carassius auratus).Results showed that 96 h LC50 of atrazine to Carassius auratus was 105.94 mg L-1.The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and glutathione-S-transferases(GST) in kidney of Carassius auratus were all influenced by atraizine,and CAT was more sensitive to atrazine compared with SOD and GST.Atrazine residues in kidney of Carassius auratus reached the stable state at day 19,and the bioaccumulation factors(BAF) of atrazine in kidney of Carassius auratus treated with 1.0 mg L-1 and 10.0 mg L-1 atrazine were 8.3 and 4.4,respectively.The research demonstrated that atrazine could cause oxidative stress to fish kidney,but atrazine was not easy to accumulate in Carassius auratus kidney,and the antioxidant enzymes could be used as biomarker to the early detection of pollution.展开更多
In order to evaluate the eco-toxicological effects of Roundup® on Carassius auratus (C. auratus), fish were exposed to 32 μg/L Roundup®, isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (G.I.S) and polyoxyethylene ami...In order to evaluate the eco-toxicological effects of Roundup® on Carassius auratus (C. auratus), fish were exposed to 32 μg/L Roundup®, isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (G.I.S) and polyoxyethylene amine (POEA) over different periods (0.5, 1, 3, 7 and 14 d). Hydroxyl radical (·OH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in liver were detected in this study. Results showed that the generation of ·OH increased before 7 d, but without significantly difference. ·OH was induced at 1 d for POEA group, 3 d for Roundup® group and 7 d for G.I.S group. At 14 d, ·OH generation returned to normal levels. MDA contents all increased significantly (p < 0.01) during 7 days and then reached a normal level at 14 d. AChE activity in all group tests revealed a significant inhibition (p < 0.01) after 7 days exposure and then rebounded a little, but remained below the control after 14 days exposure. The rate of AChE inhibition range from 13% - 42% in Roundup®, 6% - 40% in G.I.S, and 21% - 54% in POEA, suggesting that POEA was more toxic compared to Roundup® and G.I.S. 32 μg/L Roundup® exposure led to the change of physiological and biochemical indexes in C. auratus, which was a reversible process in the long run.展开更多
A unisexual species is generally associated with polyploidy, and reproduced by a unisexual reproduction mode, such as gyno- genesis, hybridogenesis or parthenogenesis. Compared with other unisexual and polyploid speci...A unisexual species is generally associated with polyploidy, and reproduced by a unisexual reproduction mode, such as gyno- genesis, hybridogenesis or parthenogenesis. Compared with other unisexual and polyploid species, gibel carp (Carassius au- ratus gibelio) has a higher ploidy level of hexaploid. It has undergone several successive rounds of genome polyploidy, and experienced an additional, more recent genome duplication event. More significantly, the dual reproduction modes, including gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, have been demonstrated to coexist in the polyploid gibel carp. This article reviews the genetic basis concerning polyploidy origin, clonal diversity and dual reproduction modes, and outlines the progress in new va- riety breeding and gene identification involved in the reproduction and early development. The data suggests that gibel carp are under an evolutionary trajectory of diploidization. As a novel evolutionary developmental (Evo-Devo) biology model, this work highlights future perspectives about the functional divergence of duplicated genes and the sexual origin of vertebrate animals.展开更多
A 41-wk growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on the long-term growth response and fitting growth models of gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio) with an initial body weight of 1...A 41-wk growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on the long-term growth response and fitting growth models of gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio) with an initial body weight of 1.85 ± 0.17 g. The dietary protein levels were designed at 320(P32), 360(P36). 400(P40).and 440 g/kg(P44), respectively. The growth curves of the gibel carp for each group were fitted and analyzed with four nonlinear regression models(Gompertz. logistic. von Bertalanffy and Richards). The final body weights(mean ± SD) of the fish were 226 ± 6.231 ± 7.242 ± 2, and 236 ± 2 g for P32, P36, P40,and P44. respectively. Feed conversion ratio of P40 and P44 groups was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups(P < 0.05). Productive protein value of P44 group was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups, but not different from that of P40 group(P > 0.05). The growth response of the gibel carp for each group was the best fitted by Richards model with the lowest Chi^2, residual sum of squares and residual variance, then Gompertz and von Bertalanffy growth models, but the logistic model did not fit the data well justified by Chi^2 values. The optimal protein level(400 g/kg) prolonged the stage of fast growth and predicted the highest asymptotic weight, which was close to the harvest size in practice.展开更多
In this study,bacterial pathogens were isolated from the liver,spleen,kidney,heart,and muscle of diseased goldfish(Carassius auratus)after a massive outbreak of disease in an aquaculture farm in Anshan,Liaoning Provin...In this study,bacterial pathogens were isolated from the liver,spleen,kidney,heart,and muscle of diseased goldfish(Carassius auratus)after a massive outbreak of disease in an aquaculture farm in Anshan,Liaoning Province,North China(N41°05′58.42″E122°53′31.89″).Based on physiological and biochemical characterization of the bacteria and 16S rDNA sequence analysis,the bacterial isolates were identified as Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida.Virulence gene multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that the bacterial isolates from all the organs collected were of the same type,and clustered in the same phylogenetic group as A.salmonicida salmonicida.The pathogen,was named AS.17 and was resistant to rifampicin,bacitracin,vancomycin,penicillin and compound sulfamethoxazole,but was highly sensitive to nalidixic acid,lomefloxacin,spectinomycin,ofloxacin,and ciprofloxacin.Goldfish experimentally infected with AS.17 had similar symptoms to naturally infected fish,including gill filament anemia,intestinal bleeding,intra-abdominal fluid,and jaw bleeding.Histological analyses showed that the liver,the spleen,the kidney and the intestines of fish infected with AS.17 had severe pathological alterations.In summary,this study reports the isolation of A.salmonicida salmonicida from C.auratus in North China and provides a reference strain and a research foundation for further studies on A.salmonicida disease control and epidemiology.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effects of 17-beta-estradiol on growth factors of goldfish(Carassius auratus).Methods:To perform the test,17-beta-estradiol was given 3 months period to fish at different doses as followed:co...Objective:To evaluate the effects of 17-beta-estradiol on growth factors of goldfish(Carassius auratus).Methods:To perform the test,17-beta-estradiol was given 3 months period to fish at different doses as followed:control group,Group 1:10 mg/kg food,Group 2:25 mg/kg food and Group 3:50 mg/kg food.For this purpose,a solution of hormone in pure ethanol used to spray on food.Feeding was done 3 times daily as an appetite.Comparing the mean values measured for length and weight using ANOVA.Results:Indicated with increase length and weight,the effects of the hormone get more distinct,so that with increase concentration of hormone,reduce weight and length.Conclusions:Estradiol along with testosterone and progesterone regulates final stages of oocyte maturation and ovulation.Various studies have proven the different concentrations of this hormone has different effects on the growth of different fishes.The aim of this study was to assess the effects of this hormone on growth factors of Carassius auratus.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (30170162)Wuxi Science and Technology Bureau Foundation (CL045001)
文摘Etrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in China and the world.Acute and chronic toxicity tests were carried out to assess the possible toxicity effect of atrazine on crucian carp(Carassius auratus).Results showed that 96 h LC50 of atrazine to Carassius auratus was 105.94 mg L-1.The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and glutathione-S-transferases(GST) in kidney of Carassius auratus were all influenced by atraizine,and CAT was more sensitive to atrazine compared with SOD and GST.Atrazine residues in kidney of Carassius auratus reached the stable state at day 19,and the bioaccumulation factors(BAF) of atrazine in kidney of Carassius auratus treated with 1.0 mg L-1 and 10.0 mg L-1 atrazine were 8.3 and 4.4,respectively.The research demonstrated that atrazine could cause oxidative stress to fish kidney,but atrazine was not easy to accumulate in Carassius auratus kidney,and the antioxidant enzymes could be used as biomarker to the early detection of pollution.
基金The research was funded through the National Science Foundation of China(No.21077051,51278241)the Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(No.BK2011057).
文摘In order to evaluate the eco-toxicological effects of Roundup® on Carassius auratus (C. auratus), fish were exposed to 32 μg/L Roundup®, isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (G.I.S) and polyoxyethylene amine (POEA) over different periods (0.5, 1, 3, 7 and 14 d). Hydroxyl radical (·OH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in liver were detected in this study. Results showed that the generation of ·OH increased before 7 d, but without significantly difference. ·OH was induced at 1 d for POEA group, 3 d for Roundup® group and 7 d for G.I.S group. At 14 d, ·OH generation returned to normal levels. MDA contents all increased significantly (p < 0.01) during 7 days and then reached a normal level at 14 d. AChE activity in all group tests revealed a significant inhibition (p < 0.01) after 7 days exposure and then rebounded a little, but remained below the control after 14 days exposure. The rate of AChE inhibition range from 13% - 42% in Roundup®, 6% - 40% in G.I.S, and 21% - 54% in POEA, suggesting that POEA was more toxic compared to Roundup® and G.I.S. 32 μg/L Roundup® exposure led to the change of physiological and biochemical indexes in C. auratus, which was a reversible process in the long run.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2010CB126301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30630050)+1 种基金the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology (Grant No. 2008FB007)the Innovation Project of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 075A01)
文摘A unisexual species is generally associated with polyploidy, and reproduced by a unisexual reproduction mode, such as gyno- genesis, hybridogenesis or parthenogenesis. Compared with other unisexual and polyploid species, gibel carp (Carassius au- ratus gibelio) has a higher ploidy level of hexaploid. It has undergone several successive rounds of genome polyploidy, and experienced an additional, more recent genome duplication event. More significantly, the dual reproduction modes, including gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, have been demonstrated to coexist in the polyploid gibel carp. This article reviews the genetic basis concerning polyploidy origin, clonal diversity and dual reproduction modes, and outlines the progress in new va- riety breeding and gene identification involved in the reproduction and early development. The data suggests that gibel carp are under an evolutionary trajectory of diploidization. As a novel evolutionary developmental (Evo-Devo) biology model, this work highlights future perspectives about the functional divergence of duplicated genes and the sexual origin of vertebrate animals.
基金Financial support was provided by the Special Fund for AgroScientific Research in the Public Interest(201203015201003020)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project No.3110190731372539the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB138600)
文摘A 41-wk growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on the long-term growth response and fitting growth models of gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio) with an initial body weight of 1.85 ± 0.17 g. The dietary protein levels were designed at 320(P32), 360(P36). 400(P40).and 440 g/kg(P44), respectively. The growth curves of the gibel carp for each group were fitted and analyzed with four nonlinear regression models(Gompertz. logistic. von Bertalanffy and Richards). The final body weights(mean ± SD) of the fish were 226 ± 6.231 ± 7.242 ± 2, and 236 ± 2 g for P32, P36, P40,and P44. respectively. Feed conversion ratio of P40 and P44 groups was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups(P < 0.05). Productive protein value of P44 group was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups, but not different from that of P40 group(P > 0.05). The growth response of the gibel carp for each group was the best fitted by Richards model with the lowest Chi^2, residual sum of squares and residual variance, then Gompertz and von Bertalanffy growth models, but the logistic model did not fit the data well justified by Chi^2 values. The optimal protein level(400 g/kg) prolonged the stage of fast growth and predicted the highest asymptotic weight, which was close to the harvest size in practice.
基金funded in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41706177)Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea Open Project(2018-KF-17)Doctoral Research Project of Dalian Ocean University(HDYJ201617)to Dr.R.J.Li.
文摘In this study,bacterial pathogens were isolated from the liver,spleen,kidney,heart,and muscle of diseased goldfish(Carassius auratus)after a massive outbreak of disease in an aquaculture farm in Anshan,Liaoning Province,North China(N41°05′58.42″E122°53′31.89″).Based on physiological and biochemical characterization of the bacteria and 16S rDNA sequence analysis,the bacterial isolates were identified as Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida.Virulence gene multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that the bacterial isolates from all the organs collected were of the same type,and clustered in the same phylogenetic group as A.salmonicida salmonicida.The pathogen,was named AS.17 and was resistant to rifampicin,bacitracin,vancomycin,penicillin and compound sulfamethoxazole,but was highly sensitive to nalidixic acid,lomefloxacin,spectinomycin,ofloxacin,and ciprofloxacin.Goldfish experimentally infected with AS.17 had similar symptoms to naturally infected fish,including gill filament anemia,intestinal bleeding,intra-abdominal fluid,and jaw bleeding.Histological analyses showed that the liver,the spleen,the kidney and the intestines of fish infected with AS.17 had severe pathological alterations.In summary,this study reports the isolation of A.salmonicida salmonicida from C.auratus in North China and provides a reference strain and a research foundation for further studies on A.salmonicida disease control and epidemiology.
基金Supported by the Gorgan University of Agriculture Science&Natural Resource(Grant No.6177515-5).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effects of 17-beta-estradiol on growth factors of goldfish(Carassius auratus).Methods:To perform the test,17-beta-estradiol was given 3 months period to fish at different doses as followed:control group,Group 1:10 mg/kg food,Group 2:25 mg/kg food and Group 3:50 mg/kg food.For this purpose,a solution of hormone in pure ethanol used to spray on food.Feeding was done 3 times daily as an appetite.Comparing the mean values measured for length and weight using ANOVA.Results:Indicated with increase length and weight,the effects of the hormone get more distinct,so that with increase concentration of hormone,reduce weight and length.Conclusions:Estradiol along with testosterone and progesterone regulates final stages of oocyte maturation and ovulation.Various studies have proven the different concentrations of this hormone has different effects on the growth of different fishes.The aim of this study was to assess the effects of this hormone on growth factors of Carassius auratus.
