This paper applies PEST analysis to The Chinese Version of TikTok,a video-sharing app developed by Zhang Yiming and founded in 2016.It examines how TikTok has adapted to different market conditions over time using PES...This paper applies PEST analysis to The Chinese Version of TikTok,a video-sharing app developed by Zhang Yiming and founded in 2016.It examines how TikTok has adapted to different market conditions over time using PEST and SWOT analyses.This paper will provide critical insights into how The Chinese Version of TikTok has developed from the perspective of the company’s top management team in light of changes within the market since its establishment to help them make decisions about their strategy going forward.It will also look at changes in social behavior over time to explain their resilience.The PEST study of The Chinese Version of TikTok reveals that the political paradigm of the technical element,which includes the AI big data algorithms and the AI economic calculation model,can stimulate public interest because it is a content platform.As a result of its monopolistic nature,however,it is motivated by a desire to serve the public interest.We can see the opportunities that arise from these problems,but the benefits of technological advances are less noticeable.According to the SWOT analysis,five main advantages stem from the technical aspects.First,it has a vast user volume,which means it has acquired many data on user behavior.Second,it has powerful Big Data-based financial debugging skills.Third,it has access to cutting-edge artificial intelligence tools and data.In the fourth place,it has created an advertiser-friendly platform.As the last step,it has established a public service-oriented website.Because it relies on Big Data,AI’s technical flaws-including its flawed big data algorithms and extremely conservative economic calculating model-are greatly relieved because it relies on Big Data.Business choices under a centralized economic paradigm have to be made at the top,reducing room for creativity.Another flaw is that there is no internal mechanism for The Chinese Version of TikTok to adapt to changing circumstances or industry trends.The AI big data algorithms and the AI economic calculation model face competition from other participants in this industry who may have access to a more comprehensive database and superior artificial intelligence equipment.展开更多
The publishing conference of the Chinese version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines） and the inaugural peer reviewe...The publishing conference of the Chinese version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines） and the inaugural peer reviewer meeting of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology： Digestive System Cancers （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines on Digestive System Cancers） were held in People＇s Medical Publishing House in January 28^th, 2016 （Figure 1）.展开更多
Objective To assess the reliability and validity of a new Chinese version of the Addiction Severity Index （ASI-C） in drug users in the community. Methods Three hundred and eighty-one drug users in the community in C...Objective To assess the reliability and validity of a new Chinese version of the Addiction Severity Index （ASI-C） in drug users in the community. Methods Three hundred and eighty-one drug users in the community in Chengdu, Sichuan province were recruited. They were interviewed with a questionnaire consisting of the ASI-C revised on the basis of the previous Chinese version and 38 were interviewed for the second time at an interval of 7 days to evaluate test-retest reliability. Results Cronbach＇s c~ coefficients for the internal consistency of the scale varied from 0.49 to 0.86. Test-retest correlation coefficients ranged from 0.50 to 0.93. Criterion validity was found acceptable, as compared with the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）. Conclusion The ASI-C presented acceptable reliability and validity in a sample of drug users in the community.展开更多
A textbook, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (second revised edition), has been translated into Chinese under the sponsorship of the China Society for Human Rights Studies and published by the Sichuan People’s Pu...A textbook, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (second revised edition), has been translated into Chinese under the sponsorship of the China Society for Human Rights Studies and published by the Sichuan People’s Publishing House.展开更多
In the 1950＇s, Chinese medical scientists were trying to take advantage of both Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice. The integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine...In the 1950＇s, Chinese medical scientists were trying to take advantage of both Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice. The integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine became an academic branch in medical sciences. As more and more medical doctors were involved in the Chinese version of integrative medicine, an academic organization, the Chinese Association of the Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine （now named the Chinese Association of the Integrative Medicine） was established in 1981 aiming to strengthen the academic exchanges in Chinese version of integrative medicine.展开更多
Objective To validate the effectiveness,repeatability and treatment responsiveness of the Chinese version of Hull airway reflux questionnaire(HARQ),and to determine its clinical value.Methods A standard Chinese versio...Objective To validate the effectiveness,repeatability and treatment responsiveness of the Chinese version of Hull airway reflux questionnaire(HARQ),and to determine its clinical value.Methods A standard Chinese version of HARQ was developed by an established translation procedure and its repeatability was assessed in a preliminary study involving 55 untreated patients展开更多
Specification for Translation Service - Part 1: Translation (GB/T19363.1-2003), China’s first national standard involving translation service, was drafted jointly by the China Association for Standardi/ation, the Tra...Specification for Translation Service - Part 1: Translation (GB/T19363.1-2003), China’s first national standard involving translation service, was drafted jointly by the China Association for Standardi/ation, the Translators Association of China and China Translation and Publishing Corporation. It attracted much attention from the visitors at the "China Translation Achievements Exhibition"-the first large-scale and professional exhibi-tion in the translation field domestically and internationally. Ms. Betty Cohen, Chairman of International Federation of Translators, expressed much interest in the China Voluntary National Standard in Chinese and English Versions.展开更多
This research seeks to contribute to translation studies by examining the illocutionary force of the speech act theory. It identifies two senses of illocutionary force： The active function of language is defined as l...This research seeks to contribute to translation studies by examining the illocutionary force of the speech act theory. It identifies two senses of illocutionary force： The active function of language is defined as lFl and the varying degrees of the strength of the speech act are defined as IF2. The implications of the two senses ofillocutionary force for translation studies are discussed in a case study of the translation of directives in Chinese versions of Shakespeare＇s play, The Merry Wives of Windsor. Translation shifts in transferring IF2, as manifested in pragmatic duality features of directness/indirectness, tone articles, repetition of verbs, action measure verbs, upgrader ＂,给我＂ and honorific addressing terms and vocatives are discussed. The notion＇s potential as a criterion to evaluate translation quality is also explored.展开更多
This study is aimed to evaluate the quality of life （QOL） for individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） in Hubei province-central China by using WHOQOL-...This study is aimed to evaluate the quality of life （QOL） for individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） in Hubei province-central China by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument （Chinese version）. One hundred and thirty six respondents （HIV/AIDS individuals） attending out-patient department of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention （Chinese CDC） were administered a structured questionnaire developed by investigators. QOL was evaluated by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument （Chinese version）. The results showed that the mean score of overall QOL on a scale of 0-100 was 25.8. The mean scores in 4 domains of QOL on a scale of 0-100 were 82.9 （social domain）, 27.5 （psychological domain）, 17.7 （physical domain） and 11.65 （environmental domain）. The significant difference of QOL was noted in the score of physical domain between asymptomatic （14.6） and early symptomatic individuals （12） （P=0.014）, and between patients with early symptoms （12） and those with AIDS （10.43） （P〈0.001）. QOL in psychological domain was significantly lower in early symptomatic （12.1） （P〈0.05） and AIDS patients （12.4） （P〈0.006） than in asymptomatic individuals （14.2）. The difference in QOL scores in the psychological domain was significant with respect to the income of patients （P〈0.048） and educational status （P〈0.037）. Significantly better QOL scores in the physical domain （P〈0.040） and environmental domain （P〈0.017） were noted with respect to the occupation of the patients. Patients with family support had better QOL scores in environmental domain. In our research, QOL for HIV/AIDS individuals was associated with education, occupation, income, family support and clinical categories of the patients. It was concluded that WHOQOL-BREF Chinese version was successfully used in the evaluation of QOL of HIV/AIDS individuals in Chinese population and proved to be a reliable and useful tool.展开更多
Background：Age-related macular degeneration （AMD） is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss among the older population.In China,treatment of age-related ocular diseases is becoming a priority in eye care ser...Background：Age-related macular degeneration （AMD） is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss among the older population.In China,treatment of age-related ocular diseases is becoming a priority in eye care services.This study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and quality of life of Chinese patients with wet AMD and current treatment types,to evaluate short-term gains in different treatments,and to investigate associations between visual function and vision-related quality of life （VRQoL）.Methods：A prospective,observational,noninterventional study was conducted.Basic data were collected from patients with clinical diagnoses of wet AMD before clinical assessments at baseline.VRQoL was measured with the Chinese version of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 （NEI VFQ-25）.Correlations of the NEI VFQ-25 subscale scores with best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA） and between-group differences were analyzed.Results：A total of 80 wet AMD patients were enrolled,with the mean age of 68.40 years.About one-quarter ofwetAMD patients received intravitreal （IVT） ranibizumab treatment,and 67％ of them were treated on apro re nata basis.The visual acuity of patients treated with IVT ranibizumab at month 3 after treatment was significantly increased,whereas patients treated with traditional Chinese medicine achieved no significant improvement.Cronbach＇s α for the NEI VFQ-25 subscales ranged from 0.697 to 0.843.Eight subscale and overall composite scores were moderately correlated with the BCVA of the better-seeing eye.Significant differences in the overall NEI VFQ-25 scores and other subscales were observed between patients with BCVA in the better-seeing eye of less than 50 letters and the others.Conclusions：Patients treated with IVT ranibizumab experienced better vision improvement at short-term follow-up.The Chinese version of the NEI VFQ-25 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the VRQoL of Chinese wet AMD patients.展开更多
文摘This paper applies PEST analysis to The Chinese Version of TikTok,a video-sharing app developed by Zhang Yiming and founded in 2016.It examines how TikTok has adapted to different market conditions over time using PEST and SWOT analyses.This paper will provide critical insights into how The Chinese Version of TikTok has developed from the perspective of the company’s top management team in light of changes within the market since its establishment to help them make decisions about their strategy going forward.It will also look at changes in social behavior over time to explain their resilience.The PEST study of The Chinese Version of TikTok reveals that the political paradigm of the technical element,which includes the AI big data algorithms and the AI economic calculation model,can stimulate public interest because it is a content platform.As a result of its monopolistic nature,however,it is motivated by a desire to serve the public interest.We can see the opportunities that arise from these problems,but the benefits of technological advances are less noticeable.According to the SWOT analysis,five main advantages stem from the technical aspects.First,it has a vast user volume,which means it has acquired many data on user behavior.Second,it has powerful Big Data-based financial debugging skills.Third,it has access to cutting-edge artificial intelligence tools and data.In the fourth place,it has created an advertiser-friendly platform.As the last step,it has established a public service-oriented website.Because it relies on Big Data,AI’s technical flaws-including its flawed big data algorithms and extremely conservative economic calculating model-are greatly relieved because it relies on Big Data.Business choices under a centralized economic paradigm have to be made at the top,reducing room for creativity.Another flaw is that there is no internal mechanism for The Chinese Version of TikTok to adapt to changing circumstances or industry trends.The AI big data algorithms and the AI economic calculation model face competition from other participants in this industry who may have access to a more comprehensive database and superior artificial intelligence equipment.
文摘The publishing conference of the Chinese version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines） and the inaugural peer reviewer meeting of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology： Digestive System Cancers （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines on Digestive System Cancers） were held in People＇s Medical Publishing House in January 28^th, 2016 （Figure 1）.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, Number 30800953
文摘Objective To assess the reliability and validity of a new Chinese version of the Addiction Severity Index （ASI-C） in drug users in the community. Methods Three hundred and eighty-one drug users in the community in Chengdu, Sichuan province were recruited. They were interviewed with a questionnaire consisting of the ASI-C revised on the basis of the previous Chinese version and 38 were interviewed for the second time at an interval of 7 days to evaluate test-retest reliability. Results Cronbach＇s c~ coefficients for the internal consistency of the scale varied from 0.49 to 0.86. Test-retest correlation coefficients ranged from 0.50 to 0.93. Criterion validity was found acceptable, as compared with the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）. Conclusion The ASI-C presented acceptable reliability and validity in a sample of drug users in the community.
文摘A textbook, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (second revised edition), has been translated into Chinese under the sponsorship of the China Society for Human Rights Studies and published by the Sichuan People’s Publishing House.
文摘In the 1950＇s, Chinese medical scientists were trying to take advantage of both Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice. The integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine became an academic branch in medical sciences. As more and more medical doctors were involved in the Chinese version of integrative medicine, an academic organization, the Chinese Association of the Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine （now named the Chinese Association of the Integrative Medicine） was established in 1981 aiming to strengthen the academic exchanges in Chinese version of integrative medicine.
文摘Objective To validate the effectiveness,repeatability and treatment responsiveness of the Chinese version of Hull airway reflux questionnaire(HARQ),and to determine its clinical value.Methods A standard Chinese version of HARQ was developed by an established translation procedure and its repeatability was assessed in a preliminary study involving 55 untreated patients
文摘Specification for Translation Service - Part 1: Translation (GB/T19363.1-2003), China’s first national standard involving translation service, was drafted jointly by the China Association for Standardi/ation, the Translators Association of China and China Translation and Publishing Corporation. It attracted much attention from the visitors at the "China Translation Achievements Exhibition"-the first large-scale and professional exhibi-tion in the translation field domestically and internationally. Ms. Betty Cohen, Chairman of International Federation of Translators, expressed much interest in the China Voluntary National Standard in Chinese and English Versions.
文摘This research seeks to contribute to translation studies by examining the illocutionary force of the speech act theory. It identifies two senses of illocutionary force： The active function of language is defined as lFl and the varying degrees of the strength of the speech act are defined as IF2. The implications of the two senses ofillocutionary force for translation studies are discussed in a case study of the translation of directives in Chinese versions of Shakespeare＇s play, The Merry Wives of Windsor. Translation shifts in transferring IF2, as manifested in pragmatic duality features of directness/indirectness, tone articles, repetition of verbs, action measure verbs, upgrader ＂,给我＂ and honorific addressing terms and vocatives are discussed. The notion＇s potential as a criterion to evaluate translation quality is also explored.
文摘This study is aimed to evaluate the quality of life （QOL） for individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） in Hubei province-central China by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument （Chinese version）. One hundred and thirty six respondents （HIV/AIDS individuals） attending out-patient department of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention （Chinese CDC） were administered a structured questionnaire developed by investigators. QOL was evaluated by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument （Chinese version）. The results showed that the mean score of overall QOL on a scale of 0-100 was 25.8. The mean scores in 4 domains of QOL on a scale of 0-100 were 82.9 （social domain）, 27.5 （psychological domain）, 17.7 （physical domain） and 11.65 （environmental domain）. The significant difference of QOL was noted in the score of physical domain between asymptomatic （14.6） and early symptomatic individuals （12） （P=0.014）, and between patients with early symptoms （12） and those with AIDS （10.43） （P〈0.001）. QOL in psychological domain was significantly lower in early symptomatic （12.1） （P〈0.05） and AIDS patients （12.4） （P〈0.006） than in asymptomatic individuals （14.2）. The difference in QOL scores in the psychological domain was significant with respect to the income of patients （P〈0.048） and educational status （P〈0.037）. Significantly better QOL scores in the physical domain （P〈0.040） and environmental domain （P〈0.017） were noted with respect to the occupation of the patients. Patients with family support had better QOL scores in environmental domain. In our research, QOL for HIV/AIDS individuals was associated with education, occupation, income, family support and clinical categories of the patients. It was concluded that WHOQOL-BREF Chinese version was successfully used in the evaluation of QOL of HIV/AIDS individuals in Chinese population and proved to be a reliable and useful tool.
文摘Background：Age-related macular degeneration （AMD） is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss among the older population.In China,treatment of age-related ocular diseases is becoming a priority in eye care services.This study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and quality of life of Chinese patients with wet AMD and current treatment types,to evaluate short-term gains in different treatments,and to investigate associations between visual function and vision-related quality of life （VRQoL）.Methods：A prospective,observational,noninterventional study was conducted.Basic data were collected from patients with clinical diagnoses of wet AMD before clinical assessments at baseline.VRQoL was measured with the Chinese version of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 （NEI VFQ-25）.Correlations of the NEI VFQ-25 subscale scores with best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA） and between-group differences were analyzed.Results：A total of 80 wet AMD patients were enrolled,with the mean age of 68.40 years.About one-quarter ofwetAMD patients received intravitreal （IVT） ranibizumab treatment,and 67％ of them were treated on apro re nata basis.The visual acuity of patients treated with IVT ranibizumab at month 3 after treatment was significantly increased,whereas patients treated with traditional Chinese medicine achieved no significant improvement.Cronbach＇s α for the NEI VFQ-25 subscales ranged from 0.697 to 0.843.Eight subscale and overall composite scores were moderately correlated with the BCVA of the better-seeing eye.Significant differences in the overall NEI VFQ-25 scores and other subscales were observed between patients with BCVA in the better-seeing eye of less than 50 letters and the others.Conclusions：Patients treated with IVT ranibizumab experienced better vision improvement at short-term follow-up.The Chinese version of the NEI VFQ-25 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the VRQoL of Chinese wet AMD patients.
