This paper applies PEST analysis to The Chinese Version of TikTok,a video-sharing app developed by Zhang Yiming and founded in 2016.It examines how TikTok has adapted to different market conditions over time using PES...This paper applies PEST analysis to The Chinese Version of TikTok,a video-sharing app developed by Zhang Yiming and founded in 2016.It examines how TikTok has adapted to different market conditions over time using PEST and SWOT analyses.This paper will provide critical insights into how The Chinese Version of TikTok has developed from the perspective of the company’s top management team in light of changes within the market since its establishment to help them make decisions about their strategy going forward.It will also look at changes in social behavior over time to explain their resilience.The PEST study of The Chinese Version of TikTok reveals that the political paradigm of the technical element,which includes the AI big data algorithms and the AI economic calculation model,can stimulate public interest because it is a content platform.As a result of its monopolistic nature,however,it is motivated by a desire to serve the public interest.We can see the opportunities that arise from these problems,but the benefits of technological advances are less noticeable.According to the SWOT analysis,five main advantages stem from the technical aspects.First,it has a vast user volume,which means it has acquired many data on user behavior.Second,it has powerful Big Data-based financial debugging skills.Third,it has access to cutting-edge artificial intelligence tools and data.In the fourth place,it has created an advertiser-friendly platform.As the last step,it has established a public service-oriented website.Because it relies on Big Data,AI’s technical flaws-including its flawed big data algorithms and extremely conservative economic calculating model-are greatly relieved because it relies on Big Data.Business choices under a centralized economic paradigm have to be made at the top,reducing room for creativity.Another flaw is that there is no internal mechanism for The Chinese Version of TikTok to adapt to changing circumstances or industry trends.The AI big data algorithms and the AI economic calculation model face competition from other participants in this industry who may have access to a more comprehensive database and superior artificial intelligence equipment.展开更多
The publishing conference of the Chinese version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines） and the inaugural peer reviewe...The publishing conference of the Chinese version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines） and the inaugural peer reviewer meeting of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology： Digestive System Cancers （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines on Digestive System Cancers） were held in People＇s Medical Publishing House in January 28^th, 2016 （Figure 1）.展开更多
Oscar Wilde was one of the most successful playwrights of the late Victorian era in London.De Profundis is a collection of letters written by him while he was imprisoned after being convicted of "gross indecency&...Oscar Wilde was one of the most successful playwrights of the late Victorian era in London.De Profundis is a collection of letters written by him while he was imprisoned after being convicted of "gross indecency" with other men.The language in it is colloquial yet still retains the distinguishing features of Wilde's work,which is full of the flowers of speech and sparkling of ideas.The two Chinese versions of the book exhibit exquisite techniques of the translators and their different ways of dealing with the various problems of translation.This article is going to do a comparative work between the two versions.In chapter 3,there will be a detailed analysis of the two versions from different aspects to see how the two translators reproduce the grammatical and functional meaning of the source language while still retaining the original style.展开更多
Contents1. Overview2. Risk factors of prostate cancer2.1 Age and genetic factors2.2 Exogenous factors3. Pathological classification and grading system4. Diagnostic evaluation4.1 Monitoring and screening for population...Contents1. Overview2. Risk factors of prostate cancer2.1 Age and genetic factors2.2 Exogenous factors3. Pathological classification and grading system4. Diagnostic evaluation4.1 Monitoring and screening for population with high-risk prostate cancer4.2 Genetic testing4.3 Digital rectal examination (DRE)4.4 Magnetic resonance examination4.5 Bone scan examination.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire(CLVQOL) as an instrument for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery.METHODS: Patients underwent cataract s...AIM: To investigate the Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire(CLVQOL) as an instrument for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery.METHODS: Patients underwent cataract surgery in Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, who fit the inclusion criteria were recruited. Two CLVQOLs were administered, including a preoperative CLVQOL and a CLVQOL at the end of the 3 mo follow-up period, and were completed using face-to-face interviews or phone interviews conducted by trained investigators. The minimal clinically important difference(MCID) was calculated using an anchor-based method and a distribution method. In addition, the responsiveness of the questionnaire was measured.RESULTS: A total of 155 residents were enrolled. The average visual acuity(VA) preoperatively was 0.08(SD=0.05), and it increased to 0.47(SD=0.28) at the end of followup. Statistically significant positive changes in the CLVQOL scores indicated significant improvement of vision related quality of life after cataract surgery. With the larger value between the two results as the final value, the MCID values of the CLVQOL(scores of the four scales as well as the total score) were 8.94, 2.61, 4.34, 3.10 and 17.63, respectively. The CLVQOL has both good internal and external responsiveness.CONCLUSION: CLVQOL scores are appropriate instruments for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery. This study is an effective exploration for establishingcataract surgery efficacy standards, which helps clinical and scientific research workers in ophthalmology to gain a more in-depth understanding when using CLVQOL.展开更多
Professionalism is crucial in all professions and is particularly important in the medical field.Measuring students' perceptions of professionalism can help to form education targeting the enhancement of professio...Professionalism is crucial in all professions and is particularly important in the medical field.Measuring students' perceptions of professionalism can help to form education targeting the enhancement of professionalism.This study aimed to validate an effective assessment tool for the measurement of medical students5 perceptions of medical professionalism in China's Mainland.The cross-sectional survey was conducted in three medical colleges in Guangdong,China.Of the 2103 eligible medical students,1976 responded,and 1856 questionnaires were deemed valid.Students from clinical medicine in these three medical colleges were randomly selected by cluster sampling.First,a Simplified Chinese Version questionnaire to measure Student's Perception of Medical Professionalism (SCV-SPMP) was constructed.Second,questionnaires from 1856 students majoring in clinical medicine at three medical colleges were included in the analysis.Third,exploratory factor analysis,Cronbach's alpha,item-subscale correlation,and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to test the validity and reliability of the SCV-SPMP.Nine items were eliminated following exploratory factor analysis,and four subscales were extracted from the analysis.All internal consistency reliability exceeded the minimum standard.The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.94,and four subscales' alphas were 0.82 (Accountability and excellence),0.81 (Duty),0.89 (Honor and integrity),and 0.85 (Practice habits and respect for others),respectively.The model fit was good.The convergent validity and discriminant validity were acceptable.The modified SCVSPMP was found to be a valid and reliable tool to capture the main features of Chinese students' perceptions of medical professionalism in four dimensions,and it provides a quantitative method for the measurement of the students' perceptions in China's Mainland..展开更多
‘Yang-invigorating’ Chinese tonic herbs have been shown to enhance the myocardial mitochondrial ATP generation capacity in mice ex vivo. In the present study, we examined the effect of treatment with the methanol ex...‘Yang-invigorating’ Chinese tonic herbs have been shown to enhance the myocardial mitochondrial ATP generation capacity in mice ex vivo. In the present study, we examined the effect of treatment with the methanol extract of ‘Yang-invigorating’ herbs on mitochondrial ATP generation capacity in H9c2 cardio-myocytes. The effect of ‘Yin-nourishing’ herbs was also investigated for comparison. The results indicated that all ‘Yang-invigorating’ Chinese tonic herbs dose-dependently enhanced the mitochondrial ATP genera-tion capacity in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Three out of nine ‘Yin-nourishing’ herbs produced a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on ATP generation, but to lesser extents than those of Yang herbs. Results obtained from activity-directed fractionation of the three most potent ‘Yang-invigorating’ herbs suggested that the ATP-stimulating ingredients were rather water insoluble and largely resided in the butanol fraction. In con-clusion, ‘Yang-invigorating’ herbs invariably stimulated mitochondrial ATP generation capacity in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. The cell-based assay of ATP generation capacity may be used as pharmacological test for ‘Yang-invigorating’ Chinese tonic herbs.展开更多
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support th...By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.展开更多
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu X...By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.展开更多
Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates th...Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Searching for a root cause of disease in cure, treatment of both the root-cause and symptoms at the same time” (治病求本, 标本兼治). It means that for a human body, there is the mathematical structure of both Zangxiang and Jingluo as her/his second physiological system. It can be used to determine both the root-cause and symptoms of the sick organ by using both Zangxiang and Jingluo. In general, for the human blood pH value, the normal range of theory is [7.34539, 7.45461] nearly to [7.35, 7.45], and the center is 7.4. The first or second transfer law of a human body’s energies changes according to the different blood pH values whether in the normal range or not. Human disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.展开更多
Purpose Malnutrition is severe among gastric cancer patients in China. While the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a widely used nutritional assessment tool, the validation for Chinese patient...Purpose Malnutrition is severe among gastric cancer patients in China. While the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a widely used nutritional assessment tool, the validation for Chinese patients with gastric cancer has not been performed yet. The aim of this research is to validate the Chinese version of the PGSGA in Chinese gastric cancer patients by conducting analyses of nutrition screening and assessment data. Methods Two thousand consecutive adult patients with gastric cancer were included in this observational, cross-sectional study in several tertiary hospitals in China. A survey was made among those patients, which included several questionnaires and some anthropometric parameters. We calculated the parameters to validate the use of PG-SGA categorizing the nutritional status of gastric cancer patients. Then we performed statistical analysis to evaluate the internal consistency, external consistency, and construct validity. Results This study verified the ability of the PG-SGA to differentiate gastric cancer patients into different nutritional groups. The confirmatory factor analysis verified the original four-factor structure of the PG-SGA. The internal and external consistency was measured by a concordance analysis which showed an intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of 0.987. The correlations of the Box 4 score with the Karnofsky performance status score demonstrated alternative form validity with good external consistency (Pearson, r = 0.643, P < 0.001). All three anthropometric dimensions of the PG-SGA were supported by principal component analysis. Spearman correlations (P < 0.001) were significant in the majority of tests. Conclusion The Chinese version of the PG-SGA is a valid tool to access the patients’ nutritional status for Chinese gastric patients.展开更多
The prevalence of malnutrition is high among oncology patients in China. Although the Patient- Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is widely recognized as an important nutritional assessment tool, it has n...The prevalence of malnutrition is high among oncology patients in China. Although the Patient- Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is widely recognized as an important nutritional assessment tool, it has not been validated for Chinese cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of nutrition screening and assessment data to validate the Chinese version of the PG-SGA in Chinese patients with lung cancer. This was an observational, cross-sectional study of 2,000 consecutive adult patients with lung cancer treated at several tertiary hospitals in China. Anthropometric and patient descriptive data were collected. The PG-SGA generated a score for the nutritional risk and a global rating for the nutritional status. The internal consistency, external consistency, and construct validity were evaluated, and a known-groups comparison and principal component analyses were conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the PG-SGA. The known-groups comparison demonstrated the ability of the PG-SGA to differentiate lung cancer patients of different nutritional and body mass index (BMI) groups. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the original four-factor structure of the PG-SGA. In terms of the internal and external consistency, the PG-SGA demonstrated intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) up to 0.987. Alternative form validity was also demonstrated between Box 4 of the PG-SGA and the Karnofsky Performance Status score, with excellent external consistency (r = 0.972, P < 0.001). The construct validity was supported, and selected questionnaire dimensions were evident in the principal component analysis. Significant Spearman correlations (P < 0.001) were demonstrated. The Chinese version of the PG-SGA demonstrated significant reliability and sufficient exploratory properties to support its validity. It seems to be a valid tool that can be used to access the nutritional status of Chinese lung cancer patients. The validity of the PG-SGA in Chinese cancer patients warrants further investigation in other cancer types.展开更多
A study on Eco-translatology starting at the beginning of the 2000 s aims at studying the harmony and unity between a translator and eco-translation. It requires translators to acclimatize themselves to translating ec...A study on Eco-translatology starting at the beginning of the 2000 s aims at studying the harmony and unity between a translator and eco-translation. It requires translators to acclimatize themselves to translating ecosystem so that their translation as adaptation and selection may follow the dynamic variation of eco-translatology, which is the prerequisite for the balance between the original text and the version, the translator and the writer, the translator and readers, the culture of the original language and the target language. This paper shows the harmony of eco-translation by analyzing Wang Zuoliang's translation of Of Studies in light of eco-translatology.展开更多
Objective To assess the reliability and validity of a new Chinese version of the Addiction Severity Index （ASI-C） in drug users in the community. Methods Three hundred and eighty-one drug users in the community in C...Objective To assess the reliability and validity of a new Chinese version of the Addiction Severity Index （ASI-C） in drug users in the community. Methods Three hundred and eighty-one drug users in the community in Chengdu, Sichuan province were recruited. They were interviewed with a questionnaire consisting of the ASI-C revised on the basis of the previous Chinese version and 38 were interviewed for the second time at an interval of 7 days to evaluate test-retest reliability. Results Cronbach＇s c~ coefficients for the internal consistency of the scale varied from 0.49 to 0.86. Test-retest correlation coefficients ranged from 0.50 to 0.93. Criterion validity was found acceptable, as compared with the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）. Conclusion The ASI-C presented acceptable reliability and validity in a sample of drug users in the community.展开更多
Theory<span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> of eight palaces (</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:宋体;&qu...Theory<span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> of eight palaces (</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:宋体;">八宫</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">) or eight veins (</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:宋体;">八脉</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">) is useful in understanding the basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the <span>root-cause</span>. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Even if all changed, it is hard to change one’s nature” (</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:宋体;">江山易改</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">, </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:宋体;">本性难移</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">). The eight palaces or eight veins can be used to diagnose basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the <span>root-cause</span>. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of the eight palaces or eight veins according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">respectively,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">assuming</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">that the range of blood pH value is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the <span>root-cause</span> and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the <span>root-cause</span> and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. A disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as <span>a congenital</span> heart disease.</span></span></span>展开更多
Chinese Academic Journal(CAJ-CD)is a series of integrated full text database of-current electronic academic journals in China.The subject areas of CAJ-CD cover humanities,social science,natural science,engineering,agr...Chinese Academic Journal(CAJ-CD)is a series of integrated full text database of-current electronic academic journals in China.The subject areas of CAJ-CD cover humanities,social science,natural science,engineering,agriculture,medicine,technology,and so on.All those journals reflect the progresses and the most recent dynamic developing information in China’s academic researches.The CAJ-CD has selected finely 3 000 key and specialized journals展开更多
Chinese tonic herbs are generally classified into Yin and Yang categories based on their health-promoting action. Emerging evidence has suggested that in addition to up-regulating mitochondrial functional status, Yang...Chinese tonic herbs are generally classified into Yin and Yang categories based on their health-promoting action. Emerging evidence has suggested that in addition to up-regulating mitochondrial functional status, Yang tonic herbs also enhance cellular/mitochondrial antioxidant capacity, and may thus prevent age-related diseases and prolong the healthy part of lifespan (i.e. healthspan). The proposed biochemical mechanism underlying the antioxidant action of Yang tonic herbs involves a sustained and low level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which is secondary to the increased activity of the electron transport chain, with the possible involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling. “Yang invigoration” improves antioxidant defense in the body in the long term and thereby offers a promising prospect for preventing or possibly delaying age-related diseases and the detrimental effects of aging.展开更多
文摘This paper applies PEST analysis to The Chinese Version of TikTok,a video-sharing app developed by Zhang Yiming and founded in 2016.It examines how TikTok has adapted to different market conditions over time using PEST and SWOT analyses.This paper will provide critical insights into how The Chinese Version of TikTok has developed from the perspective of the company’s top management team in light of changes within the market since its establishment to help them make decisions about their strategy going forward.It will also look at changes in social behavior over time to explain their resilience.The PEST study of The Chinese Version of TikTok reveals that the political paradigm of the technical element,which includes the AI big data algorithms and the AI economic calculation model,can stimulate public interest because it is a content platform.As a result of its monopolistic nature,however,it is motivated by a desire to serve the public interest.We can see the opportunities that arise from these problems,but the benefits of technological advances are less noticeable.According to the SWOT analysis,five main advantages stem from the technical aspects.First,it has a vast user volume,which means it has acquired many data on user behavior.Second,it has powerful Big Data-based financial debugging skills.Third,it has access to cutting-edge artificial intelligence tools and data.In the fourth place,it has created an advertiser-friendly platform.As the last step,it has established a public service-oriented website.Because it relies on Big Data,AI’s technical flaws-including its flawed big data algorithms and extremely conservative economic calculating model-are greatly relieved because it relies on Big Data.Business choices under a centralized economic paradigm have to be made at the top,reducing room for creativity.Another flaw is that there is no internal mechanism for The Chinese Version of TikTok to adapt to changing circumstances or industry trends.The AI big data algorithms and the AI economic calculation model face competition from other participants in this industry who may have access to a more comprehensive database and superior artificial intelligence equipment.
文摘The publishing conference of the Chinese version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines） and the inaugural peer reviewer meeting of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology： Digestive System Cancers （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines on Digestive System Cancers） were held in People＇s Medical Publishing House in January 28^th, 2016 （Figure 1）.
文摘Oscar Wilde was one of the most successful playwrights of the late Victorian era in London.De Profundis is a collection of letters written by him while he was imprisoned after being convicted of "gross indecency" with other men.The language in it is colloquial yet still retains the distinguishing features of Wilde's work,which is full of the flowers of speech and sparkling of ideas.The two Chinese versions of the book exhibit exquisite techniques of the translators and their different ways of dealing with the various problems of translation.This article is going to do a comparative work between the two versions.In chapter 3,there will be a detailed analysis of the two versions from different aspects to see how the two translators reproduce the grammatical and functional meaning of the source language while still retaining the original style.
文摘Contents1. Overview2. Risk factors of prostate cancer2.1 Age and genetic factors2.2 Exogenous factors3. Pathological classification and grading system4. Diagnostic evaluation4.1 Monitoring and screening for population with high-risk prostate cancer4.2 Genetic testing4.3 Digital rectal examination (DRE)4.4 Magnetic resonance examination4.5 Bone scan examination.
文摘AIM: To investigate the Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire(CLVQOL) as an instrument for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery.METHODS: Patients underwent cataract surgery in Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, who fit the inclusion criteria were recruited. Two CLVQOLs were administered, including a preoperative CLVQOL and a CLVQOL at the end of the 3 mo follow-up period, and were completed using face-to-face interviews or phone interviews conducted by trained investigators. The minimal clinically important difference(MCID) was calculated using an anchor-based method and a distribution method. In addition, the responsiveness of the questionnaire was measured.RESULTS: A total of 155 residents were enrolled. The average visual acuity(VA) preoperatively was 0.08(SD=0.05), and it increased to 0.47(SD=0.28) at the end of followup. Statistically significant positive changes in the CLVQOL scores indicated significant improvement of vision related quality of life after cataract surgery. With the larger value between the two results as the final value, the MCID values of the CLVQOL(scores of the four scales as well as the total score) were 8.94, 2.61, 4.34, 3.10 and 17.63, respectively. The CLVQOL has both good internal and external responsiveness.CONCLUSION: CLVQOL scores are appropriate instruments for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery. This study is an effective exploration for establishingcataract surgery efficacy standards, which helps clinical and scientific research workers in ophthalmology to gain a more in-depth understanding when using CLVQOL.
文摘Professionalism is crucial in all professions and is particularly important in the medical field.Measuring students' perceptions of professionalism can help to form education targeting the enhancement of professionalism.This study aimed to validate an effective assessment tool for the measurement of medical students5 perceptions of medical professionalism in China's Mainland.The cross-sectional survey was conducted in three medical colleges in Guangdong,China.Of the 2103 eligible medical students,1976 responded,and 1856 questionnaires were deemed valid.Students from clinical medicine in these three medical colleges were randomly selected by cluster sampling.First,a Simplified Chinese Version questionnaire to measure Student's Perception of Medical Professionalism (SCV-SPMP) was constructed.Second,questionnaires from 1856 students majoring in clinical medicine at three medical colleges were included in the analysis.Third,exploratory factor analysis,Cronbach's alpha,item-subscale correlation,and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to test the validity and reliability of the SCV-SPMP.Nine items were eliminated following exploratory factor analysis,and four subscales were extracted from the analysis.All internal consistency reliability exceeded the minimum standard.The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.94,and four subscales' alphas were 0.82 (Accountability and excellence),0.81 (Duty),0.89 (Honor and integrity),and 0.85 (Practice habits and respect for others),respectively.The model fit was good.The convergent validity and discriminant validity were acceptable.The modified SCVSPMP was found to be a valid and reliable tool to capture the main features of Chinese students' perceptions of medical professionalism in four dimensions,and it provides a quantitative method for the measurement of the students' perceptions in China's Mainland..
文摘‘Yang-invigorating’ Chinese tonic herbs have been shown to enhance the myocardial mitochondrial ATP generation capacity in mice ex vivo. In the present study, we examined the effect of treatment with the methanol extract of ‘Yang-invigorating’ herbs on mitochondrial ATP generation capacity in H9c2 cardio-myocytes. The effect of ‘Yin-nourishing’ herbs was also investigated for comparison. The results indicated that all ‘Yang-invigorating’ Chinese tonic herbs dose-dependently enhanced the mitochondrial ATP genera-tion capacity in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Three out of nine ‘Yin-nourishing’ herbs produced a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on ATP generation, but to lesser extents than those of Yang herbs. Results obtained from activity-directed fractionation of the three most potent ‘Yang-invigorating’ herbs suggested that the ATP-stimulating ingredients were rather water insoluble and largely resided in the butanol fraction. In con-clusion, ‘Yang-invigorating’ herbs invariably stimulated mitochondrial ATP generation capacity in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. The cell-based assay of ATP generation capacity may be used as pharmacological test for ‘Yang-invigorating’ Chinese tonic herbs.
文摘By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.
文摘By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.
文摘Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Searching for a root cause of disease in cure, treatment of both the root-cause and symptoms at the same time” (治病求本, 标本兼治). It means that for a human body, there is the mathematical structure of both Zangxiang and Jingluo as her/his second physiological system. It can be used to determine both the root-cause and symptoms of the sick organ by using both Zangxiang and Jingluo. In general, for the human blood pH value, the normal range of theory is [7.34539, 7.45461] nearly to [7.35, 7.45], and the center is 7.4. The first or second transfer law of a human body’s energies changes according to the different blood pH values whether in the normal range or not. Human disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.
文摘Purpose Malnutrition is severe among gastric cancer patients in China. While the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a widely used nutritional assessment tool, the validation for Chinese patients with gastric cancer has not been performed yet. The aim of this research is to validate the Chinese version of the PGSGA in Chinese gastric cancer patients by conducting analyses of nutrition screening and assessment data. Methods Two thousand consecutive adult patients with gastric cancer were included in this observational, cross-sectional study in several tertiary hospitals in China. A survey was made among those patients, which included several questionnaires and some anthropometric parameters. We calculated the parameters to validate the use of PG-SGA categorizing the nutritional status of gastric cancer patients. Then we performed statistical analysis to evaluate the internal consistency, external consistency, and construct validity. Results This study verified the ability of the PG-SGA to differentiate gastric cancer patients into different nutritional groups. The confirmatory factor analysis verified the original four-factor structure of the PG-SGA. The internal and external consistency was measured by a concordance analysis which showed an intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of 0.987. The correlations of the Box 4 score with the Karnofsky performance status score demonstrated alternative form validity with good external consistency (Pearson, r = 0.643, P < 0.001). All three anthropometric dimensions of the PG-SGA were supported by principal component analysis. Spearman correlations (P < 0.001) were significant in the majority of tests. Conclusion The Chinese version of the PG-SGA is a valid tool to access the patients’ nutritional status for Chinese gastric patients.
文摘The prevalence of malnutrition is high among oncology patients in China. Although the Patient- Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is widely recognized as an important nutritional assessment tool, it has not been validated for Chinese cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of nutrition screening and assessment data to validate the Chinese version of the PG-SGA in Chinese patients with lung cancer. This was an observational, cross-sectional study of 2,000 consecutive adult patients with lung cancer treated at several tertiary hospitals in China. Anthropometric and patient descriptive data were collected. The PG-SGA generated a score for the nutritional risk and a global rating for the nutritional status. The internal consistency, external consistency, and construct validity were evaluated, and a known-groups comparison and principal component analyses were conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the PG-SGA. The known-groups comparison demonstrated the ability of the PG-SGA to differentiate lung cancer patients of different nutritional and body mass index (BMI) groups. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the original four-factor structure of the PG-SGA. In terms of the internal and external consistency, the PG-SGA demonstrated intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) up to 0.987. Alternative form validity was also demonstrated between Box 4 of the PG-SGA and the Karnofsky Performance Status score, with excellent external consistency (r = 0.972, P < 0.001). The construct validity was supported, and selected questionnaire dimensions were evident in the principal component analysis. Significant Spearman correlations (P < 0.001) were demonstrated. The Chinese version of the PG-SGA demonstrated significant reliability and sufficient exploratory properties to support its validity. It seems to be a valid tool that can be used to access the nutritional status of Chinese lung cancer patients. The validity of the PG-SGA in Chinese cancer patients warrants further investigation in other cancer types.
文摘A study on Eco-translatology starting at the beginning of the 2000 s aims at studying the harmony and unity between a translator and eco-translation. It requires translators to acclimatize themselves to translating ecosystem so that their translation as adaptation and selection may follow the dynamic variation of eco-translatology, which is the prerequisite for the balance between the original text and the version, the translator and the writer, the translator and readers, the culture of the original language and the target language. This paper shows the harmony of eco-translation by analyzing Wang Zuoliang's translation of Of Studies in light of eco-translatology.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, Number 30800953
文摘Objective To assess the reliability and validity of a new Chinese version of the Addiction Severity Index （ASI-C） in drug users in the community. Methods Three hundred and eighty-one drug users in the community in Chengdu, Sichuan province were recruited. They were interviewed with a questionnaire consisting of the ASI-C revised on the basis of the previous Chinese version and 38 were interviewed for the second time at an interval of 7 days to evaluate test-retest reliability. Results Cronbach＇s c~ coefficients for the internal consistency of the scale varied from 0.49 to 0.86. Test-retest correlation coefficients ranged from 0.50 to 0.93. Criterion validity was found acceptable, as compared with the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）. Conclusion The ASI-C presented acceptable reliability and validity in a sample of drug users in the community.
文摘Theory<span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> of eight palaces (</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:宋体;">八宫</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">) or eight veins (</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:宋体;">八脉</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">) is useful in understanding the basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the <span>root-cause</span>. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Even if all changed, it is hard to change one’s nature” (</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:宋体;">江山易改</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">, </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:宋体;">本性难移</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">). The eight palaces or eight veins can be used to diagnose basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the <span>root-cause</span>. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of the eight palaces or eight veins according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">respectively,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">assuming</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">that the range of blood pH value is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the <span>root-cause</span> and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the <span>root-cause</span> and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. A disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as <span>a congenital</span> heart disease.</span></span></span>
文摘Chinese Academic Journal(CAJ-CD)is a series of integrated full text database of-current electronic academic journals in China.The subject areas of CAJ-CD cover humanities,social science,natural science,engineering,agriculture,medicine,technology,and so on.All those journals reflect the progresses and the most recent dynamic developing information in China’s academic researches.The CAJ-CD has selected finely 3 000 key and specialized journals
文摘Chinese tonic herbs are generally classified into Yin and Yang categories based on their health-promoting action. Emerging evidence has suggested that in addition to up-regulating mitochondrial functional status, Yang tonic herbs also enhance cellular/mitochondrial antioxidant capacity, and may thus prevent age-related diseases and prolong the healthy part of lifespan (i.e. healthspan). The proposed biochemical mechanism underlying the antioxidant action of Yang tonic herbs involves a sustained and low level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which is secondary to the increased activity of the electron transport chain, with the possible involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling. “Yang invigoration” improves antioxidant defense in the body in the long term and thereby offers a promising prospect for preventing or possibly delaying age-related diseases and the detrimental effects of aging.
