The high water content of corn grain at harvest is a challenge in Northeast China,where the growing season is short.Using a dehydrating agent before harvest can help corn seeds dehydrate quickly.The dry matter accumul...The high water content of corn grain at harvest is a challenge in Northeast China,where the growing season is short.Using a dehydrating agent before harvest can help corn seeds dehydrate quickly.The dry matter accumulation and nutrient quality of maize were systematically studied by field experiments and instrumental analysis using maize varieties of different maturities as test materials.The results showed that the accumulation of dry matter was enhanced by an increased dosage of a dehydrating agent.When the dehydrating agent dosage reached 1800 mL•hm-2,the dry matter accumulation of early-maturing varieties increased by 24.1 g,and the water content decreased by 8.08%.Different maize varieties were treated with the same dose;early-maturing varieties showed significant effects on grain dry matter accumulation,and kernel dry matter accumulation increased by 7%.The effects of different doses on grain dehydration were obvious,and the effects on different maize varieties varied.Medium-ripening maize varieties showed the most significant effect,with a 19.5%reduction in water content.The effects of dehydrating agent doses on maize yield,grain nutrient quality and seed germination rate were not significant.Therefore,a dehydrating agent promoted the accumulation of dry matter in grain and accelerated the rapid dehydration.展开更多
The influence of the dehydration by metal oxides on the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate （DMC） via oxidative carbonylation of methanol was studied. A Cu/Y-zeolite catalyst was prepared by the ion exchange method from...The influence of the dehydration by metal oxides on the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate （DMC） via oxidative carbonylation of methanol was studied. A Cu/Y-zeolite catalyst was prepared by the ion exchange method from CuCl2.2H2O and the commercial NH4-form of the Y type zeolite, The catalyst was characterized by X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, N2 adsorption （BET method）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and temperature-programmed de- sorption of ammonia （NH3-TPD） to evaluate its Cu and Cl content, surface area, structure, and acidity. Reaction tests were carried out using an autoclave （batch reactor） for 18 h at 403 K and 5.5 MPa （2CH3OH ＋ 1/2O2 ＋ CO （CH3O）2CO ＋ H2O）. The influence of various dehydrating agents （ZnO, MgO, and CaO） was examined with the aim of increasing the methanol conversion （XMeOH, MeOH conversion）. The MeOH conversion increased upon addition of metal oxides in the order CaO 〉〉 MgO 〉 ZnO, with the DMC selectivity （SDMC） following the order MgO 〉 CaO 〉 ZnO. The catalysts and dehydrating agents were characterized before and after the oxidative carbonylation of methanol by thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric （TG/DTG）, and XRD to con- firm that the dehydration reaction occurred via the metal oxide （MO ＋ H2O →M（OH）2）. The MeOH conversion increased from 8.7% to 14.6% and DMC selectivity increased from 39.0% to 53.1%, when using the dehydrating azent CaO.展开更多
Here we demonstrate the proof-of-concept for microchannel reactive distillation for alcohol-to-jet application:combining ethanol/water separation and ethanol dehydration in one unit operation.Ethanol is first distille...Here we demonstrate the proof-of-concept for microchannel reactive distillation for alcohol-to-jet application:combining ethanol/water separation and ethanol dehydration in one unit operation.Ethanol is first distilled into the vapor phase,converted to ethylene and water,and then the water co-product is condensed to shift the reaction equilibrium.Process intensification is achieved through rapid mass transfer-ethanol stripping from thin wicks using novel microchannel architectures-leading to lower residence time and improved separation efficiency.Energy savings are realized with integration of unit operations.For example,heat of condensing water can offset vaporizing ethanol.Furthermore,the dehydration reaction equilibrium shifts towards completion by immediate removal of the water byproduct upon formation while maintaining aqueous feedstock in the condensed phase.For aqueous ethanol feedstock(40%_w),71% ethanol conversion with 91% selectivity to ethylene was demonstrated at 220℃,600psig,and 0.28 h^(-1) wt hour space velocity.2.7 stages of separation were also demonstrated,under these conditions,using a device length of 8.3 cm.This provides a height equivalent of a theoretical plate(HETP),a measure of separation efficiency,of ^(3).3 cm.By comparison,conventional distillation packing provides an HETP of ^(3)0 cm.Thus,9,1 × reduction in HETP was demonstrated over conventional technology,providing a means for significant energy savings and an example of process intensification.Finally,preliminary process economic analysis indicates that by using microchannel reactive distillation technology,the operating and capital costs for the ethanol separation and dehydration portion of an envisioned alcoholto-jet process could be reduced by at least 35% and 55%,respectively,relative to the incumbent technology,provided future improvements to microchannel reactive distillation design and operability are made.展开更多
Isosorbide is a novel bio-based material derived as a secondary dehydration product of sorbitol.This work focuses on the kinetics of sulfuric acid-catalyzed dehydration of sorbitol under conditions of nonconstant volu...Isosorbide is a novel bio-based material derived as a secondary dehydration product of sorbitol.This work focuses on the kinetics of sulfuric acid-catalyzed dehydration of sorbitol under conditions of nonconstant volume.Herein,the effects of stirring rate,catalyst dosage,reaction temperature,and reaction time on the dehydration reaction of sorbitol were investigated.The yield of isosorbide up to 77.13%was obtained after 1.5 h of reaction time under conditions of 2 kPa,1.0%(mass)catalyst dosage,and 413.15 K.Based on the sorbitol dehydration reaction mechanism and a simplified reaction network,a kinetic model was developed in this work.A good agreement was accomplished between kinetic modeling and experiments between 393.15 and 423.15 K.The fitting results indicate that side reactions with higher activation energies are more affected by reaction temperatures,and the main side reaction that influences the selectivity of isosorbide is the oligomerization reaction among the primary dehydration products of sorbitol.The model fitting of the catalyst amounts effect shows that the effective concentration of sulfuric acid would be reduced with the increase of dosage due to the molecular agglomeration effect.Hopefully,the kinetic experiments and modeling results obtained in this work will be helpful to the design and optimization of the industrial sorbitol dehydration process.展开更多
Drought events have become more severe under climate change,and this can pose a major threat to the survival of various organisms.The molecular mechanisms involved in dehydration resistance are not well known.Here,adu...Drought events have become more severe under climate change,and this can pose a major threat to the survival of various organisms.The molecular mechanisms involved in dehydration resistance are not well known.Here,adults of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria,were subjected to food-mediated dehydration,and adipokinetic hormone(AKH)signaling was found to play a key role in regulating dehydration resistance.Specifically,dehydration shortened the lifespan,increased the body weight loss,and reduced the water loss rate in adult locusts.Global transcriptome profiles revealed variations in tissue-specific gene expression between dehydration-resistant locusts and normal locusts.Importantly,dehydration selection and exposure induced prominent expression of AKH genes in the retrocerebral complex of adult locusts.Furthermore,individual knockdown of AKH1,AKH2,or AKH receptor(AKHR)accelerated water loss and shortened the lifespan of adult locusts under dehydration conditions,and trehalose supplementation ameliorated the negative effects caused by interference with AKH or AKHR.These findings demonstrated that AKH/AKHR signaling-dependent trehalose metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating locust dehydration resistance and thus provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying drought resistance.展开更多
Objective:Placement of human placenta derived grafts during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)hastens the return of continence and potency.The long-term impact on the oncologic outcomes remains to be investi...Objective:Placement of human placenta derived grafts during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)hastens the return of continence and potency.The long-term impact on the oncologic outcomes remains to be investigated.Our objective was to determine the oncologic outcomes of patients with dehydrated human amnion chorion membrane(dHACM)at RARP compared to a matched cohort.Methods:In a referral centre,from August 2013 to October 2019,599 patients used dHACM in bilateral nerve-sparing RARP.We excluded patients with less than 12 months follow-up,simple prostatectomy,and unilateral nerve-sparing.Patients with dHACM(amnio group)were 529,and were propensity score matched 1:1 to 2465 patients without dHACM(non-amnio group)and a minimum follow-up of 36 months.At the time of RARP,dHACM was placed around the neurovascular bundle in the amnio group.Continuous and categorical variables in matched groups was tested by two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Fisher's exact test respectively.Outcomes measured were biochemical recurrence(BCR),adjuvant and salvage therapy rates.Results:Propensity score matching resulted in two groups of 444 patients.Cumulative incidence functions for BCR did not show a difference between the groups(p=0.3).Patients in the non-amnio group required salvage therapy more frequently than the amnio group,particularly after partial nerve-sparing RARP(6.3%vs.2.3%,p=0.001).Limitations are the absence of prospective randomization.Conclusion:The data suggest that using dHACM does not have a negative impact on BCR in patients.Outcomes of cancer specific and overall survival will require follow-up study to increase our understanding of these grafts’impact on prostate cancer biology.展开更多
The production of industrial chemicals with renewable biomass feedstock holds potential to aid the world in pursuing a carbon-neutral society.Trimellitic and trimesic acids are important commodity chemicals in industr...The production of industrial chemicals with renewable biomass feedstock holds potential to aid the world in pursuing a carbon-neutral society.Trimellitic and trimesic acids are important commodity chemicals in industry that are prepared by the oxidation of petroleum-derived trimethylbenzene.To reduce the dependence on the limited oil source,we develop a potential sustainable alternative towards trimellitic and trimesic acids using biomass-based 2-methyl-2,4-pentandiol(MPD),acrylate and crotonaldehyde as starting materials.The process for trimellitic acid includes dehydration/D-A reaction of MPD and acrylate,flow aromatization over Pd/C catalyst,hydrolysis and catalytic aerobic oxidation(60%overall yield).The challenging regioselectivity issue of D-A reaction is tackled by a matched combination of temperature and deep eutectic solvent ChCl/HCO_(2)H.Crotonaldehyde can also participate in the reaction,followed by Pd/C-catalyzed decarbonylation/dehydrogenation and oxidation to provide trimesic acid in 54%overall yield.Life cycle assessment implies that compared to conventional fossil process,our biomass-based routes present a potential in reducing carbon emissions.展开更多
It aims to investigate the protective effects of sodium hyaluronate,panthenol,Portulaca oleracea L.and Calendula officinalis L.on hyperosmotic dehydration-induced injury of human immortalized keratinocytes(HaCaT).The ...It aims to investigate the protective effects of sodium hyaluronate,panthenol,Portulaca oleracea L.and Calendula officinalis L.on hyperosmotic dehydration-induced injury of human immortalized keratinocytes(HaCaT).The safety mass concentrations of four raw materials were screened by detecting cell viability,and the secretion of hyaluronic acid(HA)was determined using the ELISA method.The expression of HaCaT barrier function related genes(OVOL1,EREG,TGM1,TGM2,IVL,IRF6,THBS1,CASP14)was detected at the mRNA level to explore the regulatory effect of four raw materials on these genes.The results demonstrate that pretreatment with the four kinds of raw materials could increase the cell viability after hyperosmotic dehydration,promote the secretion of HA,and improve the expression of barrier function related genes after hyperosmotic dehydration,among which panthenol and Calendula officinalis L.are better.The results show that the four raw materials have a certain protective effect on the hyperosmotic dehydration cell model,which provides data support for its application in cosmetics.展开更多
This study investigated the conversion of sugars into furan derivatives,specifically 2,5-dimethylfuran,through catalytic processes using bibliographic analysis.This method evaluates scientific outcomes and impact with...This study investigated the conversion of sugars into furan derivatives,specifically 2,5-dimethylfuran,through catalytic processes using bibliographic analysis.This method evaluates scientific outcomes and impact within a specific field by analyzing data such as publication trends,references,collaborative models,leading authors,and institutions.The study utilized data fromthe reliable Scopus database and conducted analysis using the visualization of similarity(VOS)viewer program to gain in-depth insights into the current state of research on this topic.The findings revealed that“5 hydroxymethyl furfural”was the most used keyword,followed by“biomass”and“catalysis.”The research trend remained stable and popular from 2006 to 2022,with a decline beginning in 2023.The growing number of publications indicates increasing interest and importance of these topics.Notably,China led in the number of publications,with 80%more than the second-rankedUnited States,followed closely by India in the third place.The study also highlighted citation linkages between authors and countries,providing a comprehensive overview of research on converting sugars to furan derivatives,particularly 2,5-dimethylfuran,through catalytic processes.展开更多
The study aimed to assess the clinical, laboratory, and blood gas analysis of horses undergoing Marcha training and the effects of voluntary ingestion of hydroelectrolytic and energy replenishers after exercise. Eight...The study aimed to assess the clinical, laboratory, and blood gas analysis of horses undergoing Marcha training and the effects of voluntary ingestion of hydroelectrolytic and energy replenishers after exercise. Eight horses of both genders aged between 5 and 10 years, were included in the study. The exercise consisted of a 10-min warm-up followed by 45 min uninterrupted Marcha on a flat dirt track in the morning. After exercise, the horses received one of the following treatments: Drinking water (control group);Hydroelectrolytic and energy replenisher containing sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium acetate, magnesium chloride, sodium citrate, dextrose, maltodextrin, and sucrose in three different concentrations (Replenishers A, B, and C). The horses were distributed across the four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin Squares design using a Split-plot system with 48-hr intervals. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were conducted at four time points: T0 - 5 min before exercise;T1 - up to 5 min after exercise;T2 - 2 hr after starting treatment;and T4 - 4 hr after beginning treatment. Concentrations of urea, creatinine, lactate, phosphorus, and ionized calcium significantly changed after exercise. An increase in blood pH and a decrease in chloride concentrations were observed when replenishers B and C were offered after exercise. The replacements were ingested spontaneously by the animals in a volume greater than that of the control group (water). Replacement B was the most ingested by the animals, demonstrating its greatest potential.展开更多
Background: Aged skin exhibits visual alterations such as wrinkles, rough texture, pore dilation, and dull skin tone, as well as physiological aging, namely, decreased hydration and increased transepidermal water loss...Background: Aged skin exhibits visual alterations such as wrinkles, rough texture, pore dilation, and dull skin tone, as well as physiological aging, namely, decreased hydration and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Recent advances in coherence tomography have also revealed that skin aging affects in vivo epidermal keratinocyte architecture. However, the interconnectivity between spatial architectural aging and visual/physiological aging parameters remains largely unknown. Purpose: To elucidate whether the tomographic keratinocyte architectural aging is correlated with visual and physiological skin aging parameters and to quantitatively evaluate the improvements of the architectural, visual, and physiological aging parameters by the daily treatment of the skin care formula containing Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (GFF, 8X Pitera<sup>TM</sup>). Method: We measured the in vivo keratinocyte cellular architecture with two-photon stereoscopic tomography obtaining by-layer epidermal section images in 78 Asian females of various ages. Visual aging parameters were analyzed using a portable image capture system. Hydration and TEWL were also assessed. The anti-aging effects of GFF-containing skin moisturizer (SK-II LXP Cream<sup>TM</sup>) were also examined in two studies after twice-daily application for 2 (N = 35) and 4 (N = 32) weeks. Results: As for the keratinocyte cellular architecture, skin aging was significantly associated with decreased cell density and increased cell uniformity. These architectural aging parameters were significantly correlated with visual and physiological aging parameters, namely, rough texture, wrinkles, pore dilation, dull skin tone, dehydration, and increased TEWL. The strong interconnectivity allowed us to develop formulae to estimate the keratinocyte architecture from visual aging parameters. Moreover, twice-daily application of SK-II significantly improved the keratinocyte architecture associated with multiple skin aging visual and physiological parameters. Conclusion: Skin aging is a process involving mutual interconnections among epidermal keratinocyte cellular architecture, visual, and physiological parameters. The GFF-containing moisturizer SK-II effectively improves spatial architecture of keratinocytes in epidermis and these evaluated skin aging parameters in a new trajectory over the course of treatment. .展开更多
2-Oxazolines and 2-benoxazoles were synthesized in high yields from acylamino alcohols and acylaminophenols, respectively, with triphenylphosphine-2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone （PPh3-DDQ） as the dehydrating a...2-Oxazolines and 2-benoxazoles were synthesized in high yields from acylamino alcohols and acylaminophenols, respectively, with triphenylphosphine-2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone （PPh3-DDQ） as the dehydrating and activating reagent. The synthesis was accomplished under neutral conditions.展开更多
Maize kernel moisture content(KMC)at harvest greatly affects mechanical harvesting,transport and storage.KMC is correlated with kernel dehydration rate(KDR)before and after physiological maturity.KMC and KDR are compl...Maize kernel moisture content(KMC)at harvest greatly affects mechanical harvesting,transport and storage.KMC is correlated with kernel dehydration rate(KDR)before and after physiological maturity.KMC and KDR are complex traits governed by multiple quantitative trait loci(QTL).Their genetic architecture is incompletely understood.We used a multiomics integration approach with an association panel to identify genes influencing KMC and KDR.A genome-wide association study using time-series KMC data from 7 to 70 days after pollination and their transformed KDR data revealed respectively 98and 279 loci significantly associated with KMC and KDR.Time-series transcriptome and proteome datasets were generated to construct KMC correlation networks,from which respectively 3111 and 759 module genes and proteins were identified as highly associated with KMC.Integrating multiomics analysis,several promising candidate genes for KMC and KDR,including Zm00001d047799 and Zm00001d035920,were identified.Further mutant experiments showed that Zm00001d047799,a gene encoding heat shock 70 kDa protein 5,reduced KMC in the late stage of kernel development.Our study provides resources for the identification of candidate genes influencing maize KMC and KDR,shedding light on the genetic architecture of dynamic changes in maize KMC.展开更多
The non-isothermal deformation of soft mudrocks or clay soils is one of the most critical issues in energy and environmental related geotechnics.Clay-related geomaterials hold complex microstructure and mineral compos...The non-isothermal deformation of soft mudrocks or clay soils is one of the most critical issues in energy and environmental related geotechnics.Clay-related geomaterials hold complex microstructure and mineral composition,which brings difficulty in investigating their thermo-mechanical behaviors.Previous studies pay little attention to the difference between a thermal plastic strain and the strain from clay dehydration.In this study,a new constitutive model is proposed for describing the thermoelastoplastic behaviors of clayey soils under water-saturated condition.The effect of temperature variation and mechanical loading on elastoplastic strains and dehydration are investigated.The thermodynamics laws and the unconventional plasticity are applied to quantify the thermo-mechanical behavior.The irreversible strain is captured by using Cam-Clay plasticity and subloading yield surface concept.The dehydration strain is described by utilizing a novel method based on generalized thermodynamics approach and Helmholtz free energy function.The internal variables,and the first and second laws of thermodynamics are applied in the model.The hardening rule is established by implementing the laws of physical conservation,energy dissipation,and plastic flow.The proposed model is validated using specially designed thermal consolidation tests on laboratory prepared heavily consolidated clayey soils and some published data of clayey soils with different geological origins.展开更多
The Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO thermochemical energy storage(TCES)system based on calcium looping has received extensive attention owing to its high energy storage density,prolonged energy storage time,and environmental friendlin...The Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO thermochemical energy storage(TCES)system based on calcium looping has received extensive attention owing to its high energy storage density,prolonged energy storage time,and environmental friendliness.The heat storage process of the Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES system in a mixed heating reactor was evaluated in this study,by employing a combination of direct and indirect heating modes.The dehydration process was studied experimentally,and a numerical model was established and verified based on the experimental results.The dehydration behavior of 500 g of Ca(OH)_(2) powder was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor with mixed heating.The experimental and simulation results indicated that mixed heating causes combined centripetal and horizontal propulsion.Heat input is the main limiting factor in the heat storage process,because the radial advance of the reaction is hindered by the low thermal conductivity of the solid reactant particles.Heat transmission partitions were added to enhance the performance of the reactor.The performance of the modified reactor was compared with that of a conventional reactor.The radial heat transmission partitions in the modified reactor effectively enhance the energy storage rate and reduce the reaction time by 59.5%compared with the reactor without partitions.展开更多
Isosorbide is a multi-purpose chemical that can be produced from renewable resources.Specifically,it has been investigated as a replacement for toxic bisphenol A(BPA)in the production of polycarbonate(PC).In this stud...Isosorbide is a multi-purpose chemical that can be produced from renewable resources.Specifically,it has been investigated as a replacement for toxic bisphenol A(BPA)in the production of polycarbonate(PC).In this study,the synthesis of isosorbide by sorbitol dehydration using a cerium-based catalyst derived from calcined cerium(IV)sulfate(300°C,400°C,450°C,500°C,and 650°C)was investigated.The reaction occurred in a high-pressure reactor containing nitrogen gas.Advanced instrumental techniques were applied to analyze the characteristics of the calcined catalyst.The results showed that the calcined catalysts demonstrated different crystalline structures and sulfate species at different temperatures.However,the acidic properties(strength and amount)of the catalyst did not change with the calcination temperature.The cerium(IV)sulfate calcined at 400°C exhibited the best catalytic performance,achieving the highest isosorbide yield(55.7%)and complete conversion of sorbitol at 180°C,20 bar of N2,and 6 h using CeSO-400.The presence of a sulfate group on the catalyst was the most important factor in determining the catalytic performance of sorbitol dehydration to isosorbide.This work suggests that CeSO-400 catalysts may play an important role in reducing reaction conditions.展开更多
Objective:Pediatric burns pose difficult healthcare issues in underdeveloped nations.Due to the scarcity of pediatric burn care facilities and qualified burn‑care staff,patients are frequently referred from a rural ho...Objective:Pediatric burns pose difficult healthcare issues in underdeveloped nations.Due to the scarcity of pediatric burn care facilities and qualified burn‑care staff,patients are frequently referred from a rural hospital.This study explores the burn‑treatment approach that could be used in rural hospitals in the absence of a dedicated pediatric burn care facility.Materials and Methods:A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 199 children who received treatment for burn‑injury in an isolated general surgical ward.Wound debridement under anesthesia at the earliest was the cornerstone of the treatment plan for this cohort.Until the wounds healed,the treatment was repeated every alternate day.The patient’s demographic data,number of surgical dressings,length of hospital stay,and outcome were analyzed.Results:The mean age of the patients was 51.68±23.79 months.The male‑female ratio was 1.45:1.The survival rate was 99.00%.The disability rate was 4.52%.Univariate logistic regression identified the age group,total body surface area affected,depth of the wound,and time of intervention as statistically significant variables(P<0.05)predicting the disfigurement.Multivariate logistic regression identified the time intervals between surgical intervention and injury as an important predictor of morbidity.In addition,delayed presentation and delayed intervention led to a longer hospital stay,and more interventions than the early intervention cohort.Conclusions:Early debridement accelerates recovery and lessens the need for future skin grafts or contracture procedures.This approach can be used in rural hospitals as well because pediatric burns can be manageable in an isolated general ward.展开更多
Background: Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is used as a monotherapy or in combination for lowering the elevated blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)....Background: Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is used as a monotherapy or in combination for lowering the elevated blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is often associated with certain adverse reactions (urinary tract infection (UTI), diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA), and genital infections). Thus, the Saudi Food and Drug Administration requested a post-authorisation safety study to monitor the safety of empagliflozin during the defined observation period. Methodology: The local, comparator, non-interventional, regulatory post-marketing study using “new user” design was conducted in patients with T2DM, treated with empagliflozin (10 or 25 mg) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (NCT03764631). Study was conducted from 2018 to 2020, wherein each patient was followed up for 12 months after the index period. Incidence and occurrence of DKA, severe UTIs, volume depletion and dehydration were observed along with metformin, insulin and treatment complexity status and adverse events in the index and Ramadan period. All data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 1502 patients enrolled (empagliflozin [n = 751] and DPP-4 inhibitors [n = 751]), 0.1% patients (n = 1) in each group and Conclusion: Empagliflozin was well tolerated over a period of 12 months, with no safety concerns and a favourable benefit/risk ratio.展开更多
Background: Wrinkles, pigmented spots, and roughness are representative parameters reflecting facial skin aging. Sulci cutis connecting to follicular orifices frequently form perifollicular cracks, which join together...Background: Wrinkles, pigmented spots, and roughness are representative parameters reflecting facial skin aging. Sulci cutis connecting to follicular orifices frequently form perifollicular cracks, which join together adjacent sulci. This follicle-sulcus-crack complex (FSCC) is exacerbated by dehydration. Purpose: Although dehydration is associated with facial skin aging, FSCC’s implications in facial skin aging remain unresolved. Method: We measured facial skin parameters in 1999 and 2010 in 108 Japanese women, and in 2006 and 2016 in 182 Chinese women. We addressed whether expansion of FSCC is associated with other skin aging parameters. We also examined whether skin moisturizer can reverse the expanded FSCC. Results: In both clinical studies, FSCC severity as well as wrinkles, spots, and roughness significantly deteriorated with age. Notably, FSCC significantly increased as early as in subjects in their 20s, whereas wrinkles, spots, and roughness became conspicuous in those in their 40s or older. Moreover, subjects with more severe FSCC in the initial measurement exhibited significantly worse wrinkles, spots, and roughness in the second measurement a decade later. Dehydration was significantly correlated with expanded FSCC. Furthermore, FSCC expansion was reversed after appropriate moisturization by daily application of Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF)-containing skincare product (SK-II Skin Power Cream) for 4 weeks in 37 women. Conclusion: The expanded FSCC is likely to be an early indicator of facial skin aging. Appropriate moisturization may reduce FSCC formation and decelerate facial skin aging.展开更多
The single phase La2（CO3）3·3.4H2 O was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The thermal decomposition and intermediates and final solid products of La2（CO3）3·3.4H2O from 30 to 1000 °C were characteri...The single phase La2（CO3）3·3.4H2 O was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The thermal decomposition and intermediates and final solid products of La2（CO3）3·3.4H2O from 30 to 1000 °C were characterized by XRD, FTIR and DTA-TG. The kinetics of dehydration of La2（CO3）3·3.4H2O in the temperature range of 30-366 °C was investigated under non-isothermal conditions. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Friedman isoconversion methods were used to calculate the activation energy and analyze the reaction steps; multivariate non-linear regression program was applied to determine the most probable mechanism and the kinetic parameters. The results show that the thermal dehydration of La2（CO3）3·3.4H2O is a kind of three-step competitive reaction, and controlled by an n-order initial reaction followed by n-order competitive reaction（FnFnFn model）. The activation energy matching with the most probable model is close to value obtained by Friedman method. The fitting curves match the original TG-DTG curves very well.展开更多
基金Supported by the Research and Development Plan of Applied Technology in Heilongjiang Province(GA19B104)。
文摘The high water content of corn grain at harvest is a challenge in Northeast China,where the growing season is short.Using a dehydrating agent before harvest can help corn seeds dehydrate quickly.The dry matter accumulation and nutrient quality of maize were systematically studied by field experiments and instrumental analysis using maize varieties of different maturities as test materials.The results showed that the accumulation of dry matter was enhanced by an increased dosage of a dehydrating agent.When the dehydrating agent dosage reached 1800 mL•hm-2,the dry matter accumulation of early-maturing varieties increased by 24.1 g,and the water content decreased by 8.08%.Different maize varieties were treated with the same dose;early-maturing varieties showed significant effects on grain dry matter accumulation,and kernel dry matter accumulation increased by 7%.The effects of different doses on grain dehydration were obvious,and the effects on different maize varieties varied.Medium-ripening maize varieties showed the most significant effect,with a 19.5%reduction in water content.The effects of dehydrating agent doses on maize yield,grain nutrient quality and seed germination rate were not significant.Therefore,a dehydrating agent promoted the accumulation of dry matter in grain and accelerated the rapid dehydration.
文摘The influence of the dehydration by metal oxides on the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate （DMC） via oxidative carbonylation of methanol was studied. A Cu/Y-zeolite catalyst was prepared by the ion exchange method from CuCl2.2H2O and the commercial NH4-form of the Y type zeolite, The catalyst was characterized by X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, N2 adsorption （BET method）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and temperature-programmed de- sorption of ammonia （NH3-TPD） to evaluate its Cu and Cl content, surface area, structure, and acidity. Reaction tests were carried out using an autoclave （batch reactor） for 18 h at 403 K and 5.5 MPa （2CH3OH ＋ 1/2O2 ＋ CO （CH3O）2CO ＋ H2O）. The influence of various dehydrating agents （ZnO, MgO, and CaO） was examined with the aim of increasing the methanol conversion （XMeOH, MeOH conversion）. The MeOH conversion increased upon addition of metal oxides in the order CaO 〉〉 MgO 〉 ZnO, with the DMC selectivity （SDMC） following the order MgO 〉 CaO 〉 ZnO. The catalysts and dehydrating agents were characterized before and after the oxidative carbonylation of methanol by thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric （TG/DTG）, and XRD to con- firm that the dehydration reaction occurred via the metal oxide （MO ＋ H2O →M（OH）2）. The MeOH conversion increased from 8.7% to 14.6% and DMC selectivity increased from 39.0% to 53.1%, when using the dehydrating azent CaO.
基金financially U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office, and the Office of Technology Transitions Technology Commercialization FundFinancial support also was provided by Lanza Tech through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement。
文摘Here we demonstrate the proof-of-concept for microchannel reactive distillation for alcohol-to-jet application:combining ethanol/water separation and ethanol dehydration in one unit operation.Ethanol is first distilled into the vapor phase,converted to ethylene and water,and then the water co-product is condensed to shift the reaction equilibrium.Process intensification is achieved through rapid mass transfer-ethanol stripping from thin wicks using novel microchannel architectures-leading to lower residence time and improved separation efficiency.Energy savings are realized with integration of unit operations.For example,heat of condensing water can offset vaporizing ethanol.Furthermore,the dehydration reaction equilibrium shifts towards completion by immediate removal of the water byproduct upon formation while maintaining aqueous feedstock in the condensed phase.For aqueous ethanol feedstock(40%_w),71% ethanol conversion with 91% selectivity to ethylene was demonstrated at 220℃,600psig,and 0.28 h^(-1) wt hour space velocity.2.7 stages of separation were also demonstrated,under these conditions,using a device length of 8.3 cm.This provides a height equivalent of a theoretical plate(HETP),a measure of separation efficiency,of ^(3).3 cm.By comparison,conventional distillation packing provides an HETP of ^(3)0 cm.Thus,9,1 × reduction in HETP was demonstrated over conventional technology,providing a means for significant energy savings and an example of process intensification.Finally,preliminary process economic analysis indicates that by using microchannel reactive distillation technology,the operating and capital costs for the ethanol separation and dehydration portion of an envisioned alcoholto-jet process could be reduced by at least 35% and 55%,respectively,relative to the incumbent technology,provided future improvements to microchannel reactive distillation design and operability are made.
文摘Isosorbide is a novel bio-based material derived as a secondary dehydration product of sorbitol.This work focuses on the kinetics of sulfuric acid-catalyzed dehydration of sorbitol under conditions of nonconstant volume.Herein,the effects of stirring rate,catalyst dosage,reaction temperature,and reaction time on the dehydration reaction of sorbitol were investigated.The yield of isosorbide up to 77.13%was obtained after 1.5 h of reaction time under conditions of 2 kPa,1.0%(mass)catalyst dosage,and 413.15 K.Based on the sorbitol dehydration reaction mechanism and a simplified reaction network,a kinetic model was developed in this work.A good agreement was accomplished between kinetic modeling and experiments between 393.15 and 423.15 K.The fitting results indicate that side reactions with higher activation energies are more affected by reaction temperatures,and the main side reaction that influences the selectivity of isosorbide is the oligomerization reaction among the primary dehydration products of sorbitol.The model fitting of the catalyst amounts effect shows that the effective concentration of sulfuric acid would be reduced with the increase of dosage due to the molecular agglomeration effect.Hopefully,the kinetic experiments and modeling results obtained in this work will be helpful to the design and optimization of the industrial sorbitol dehydration process.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1400503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102208)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation,China(C2022201042,C2021201052 and C2023201075).
文摘Drought events have become more severe under climate change,and this can pose a major threat to the survival of various organisms.The molecular mechanisms involved in dehydration resistance are not well known.Here,adults of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria,were subjected to food-mediated dehydration,and adipokinetic hormone(AKH)signaling was found to play a key role in regulating dehydration resistance.Specifically,dehydration shortened the lifespan,increased the body weight loss,and reduced the water loss rate in adult locusts.Global transcriptome profiles revealed variations in tissue-specific gene expression between dehydration-resistant locusts and normal locusts.Importantly,dehydration selection and exposure induced prominent expression of AKH genes in the retrocerebral complex of adult locusts.Furthermore,individual knockdown of AKH1,AKH2,or AKH receptor(AKHR)accelerated water loss and shortened the lifespan of adult locusts under dehydration conditions,and trehalose supplementation ameliorated the negative effects caused by interference with AKH or AKHR.These findings demonstrated that AKH/AKHR signaling-dependent trehalose metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating locust dehydration resistance and thus provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying drought resistance.
文摘Objective:Placement of human placenta derived grafts during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)hastens the return of continence and potency.The long-term impact on the oncologic outcomes remains to be investigated.Our objective was to determine the oncologic outcomes of patients with dehydrated human amnion chorion membrane(dHACM)at RARP compared to a matched cohort.Methods:In a referral centre,from August 2013 to October 2019,599 patients used dHACM in bilateral nerve-sparing RARP.We excluded patients with less than 12 months follow-up,simple prostatectomy,and unilateral nerve-sparing.Patients with dHACM(amnio group)were 529,and were propensity score matched 1:1 to 2465 patients without dHACM(non-amnio group)and a minimum follow-up of 36 months.At the time of RARP,dHACM was placed around the neurovascular bundle in the amnio group.Continuous and categorical variables in matched groups was tested by two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Fisher's exact test respectively.Outcomes measured were biochemical recurrence(BCR),adjuvant and salvage therapy rates.Results:Propensity score matching resulted in two groups of 444 patients.Cumulative incidence functions for BCR did not show a difference between the groups(p=0.3).Patients in the non-amnio group required salvage therapy more frequently than the amnio group,particularly after partial nerve-sparing RARP(6.3%vs.2.3%,p=0.001).Limitations are the absence of prospective randomization.Conclusion:The data suggest that using dHACM does not have a negative impact on BCR in patients.Outcomes of cancer specific and overall survival will require follow-up study to increase our understanding of these grafts’impact on prostate cancer biology.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2022YFA1504902,2022YFB4201802)National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.21721004,21801239,22178335,22078318),DICP(Grant:DICP I201944)the Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(grant:YLU-DNL Fund 2021020).
文摘The production of industrial chemicals with renewable biomass feedstock holds potential to aid the world in pursuing a carbon-neutral society.Trimellitic and trimesic acids are important commodity chemicals in industry that are prepared by the oxidation of petroleum-derived trimethylbenzene.To reduce the dependence on the limited oil source,we develop a potential sustainable alternative towards trimellitic and trimesic acids using biomass-based 2-methyl-2,4-pentandiol(MPD),acrylate and crotonaldehyde as starting materials.The process for trimellitic acid includes dehydration/D-A reaction of MPD and acrylate,flow aromatization over Pd/C catalyst,hydrolysis and catalytic aerobic oxidation(60%overall yield).The challenging regioselectivity issue of D-A reaction is tackled by a matched combination of temperature and deep eutectic solvent ChCl/HCO_(2)H.Crotonaldehyde can also participate in the reaction,followed by Pd/C-catalyzed decarbonylation/dehydrogenation and oxidation to provide trimesic acid in 54%overall yield.Life cycle assessment implies that compared to conventional fossil process,our biomass-based routes present a potential in reducing carbon emissions.
文摘It aims to investigate the protective effects of sodium hyaluronate,panthenol,Portulaca oleracea L.and Calendula officinalis L.on hyperosmotic dehydration-induced injury of human immortalized keratinocytes(HaCaT).The safety mass concentrations of four raw materials were screened by detecting cell viability,and the secretion of hyaluronic acid(HA)was determined using the ELISA method.The expression of HaCaT barrier function related genes(OVOL1,EREG,TGM1,TGM2,IVL,IRF6,THBS1,CASP14)was detected at the mRNA level to explore the regulatory effect of four raw materials on these genes.The results demonstrate that pretreatment with the four kinds of raw materials could increase the cell viability after hyperosmotic dehydration,promote the secretion of HA,and improve the expression of barrier function related genes after hyperosmotic dehydration,among which panthenol and Calendula officinalis L.are better.The results show that the four raw materials have a certain protective effect on the hyperosmotic dehydration cell model,which provides data support for its application in cosmetics.
基金supported by National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)contract no.N42A671047 and Chiang Mai University(CMU).
文摘This study investigated the conversion of sugars into furan derivatives,specifically 2,5-dimethylfuran,through catalytic processes using bibliographic analysis.This method evaluates scientific outcomes and impact within a specific field by analyzing data such as publication trends,references,collaborative models,leading authors,and institutions.The study utilized data fromthe reliable Scopus database and conducted analysis using the visualization of similarity(VOS)viewer program to gain in-depth insights into the current state of research on this topic.The findings revealed that“5 hydroxymethyl furfural”was the most used keyword,followed by“biomass”and“catalysis.”The research trend remained stable and popular from 2006 to 2022,with a decline beginning in 2023.The growing number of publications indicates increasing interest and importance of these topics.Notably,China led in the number of publications,with 80%more than the second-rankedUnited States,followed closely by India in the third place.The study also highlighted citation linkages between authors and countries,providing a comprehensive overview of research on converting sugars to furan derivatives,particularly 2,5-dimethylfuran,through catalytic processes.
文摘The study aimed to assess the clinical, laboratory, and blood gas analysis of horses undergoing Marcha training and the effects of voluntary ingestion of hydroelectrolytic and energy replenishers after exercise. Eight horses of both genders aged between 5 and 10 years, were included in the study. The exercise consisted of a 10-min warm-up followed by 45 min uninterrupted Marcha on a flat dirt track in the morning. After exercise, the horses received one of the following treatments: Drinking water (control group);Hydroelectrolytic and energy replenisher containing sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium acetate, magnesium chloride, sodium citrate, dextrose, maltodextrin, and sucrose in three different concentrations (Replenishers A, B, and C). The horses were distributed across the four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin Squares design using a Split-plot system with 48-hr intervals. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were conducted at four time points: T0 - 5 min before exercise;T1 - up to 5 min after exercise;T2 - 2 hr after starting treatment;and T4 - 4 hr after beginning treatment. Concentrations of urea, creatinine, lactate, phosphorus, and ionized calcium significantly changed after exercise. An increase in blood pH and a decrease in chloride concentrations were observed when replenishers B and C were offered after exercise. The replacements were ingested spontaneously by the animals in a volume greater than that of the control group (water). Replacement B was the most ingested by the animals, demonstrating its greatest potential.
文摘Background: Aged skin exhibits visual alterations such as wrinkles, rough texture, pore dilation, and dull skin tone, as well as physiological aging, namely, decreased hydration and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Recent advances in coherence tomography have also revealed that skin aging affects in vivo epidermal keratinocyte architecture. However, the interconnectivity between spatial architectural aging and visual/physiological aging parameters remains largely unknown. Purpose: To elucidate whether the tomographic keratinocyte architectural aging is correlated with visual and physiological skin aging parameters and to quantitatively evaluate the improvements of the architectural, visual, and physiological aging parameters by the daily treatment of the skin care formula containing Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (GFF, 8X Pitera<sup>TM</sup>). Method: We measured the in vivo keratinocyte cellular architecture with two-photon stereoscopic tomography obtaining by-layer epidermal section images in 78 Asian females of various ages. Visual aging parameters were analyzed using a portable image capture system. Hydration and TEWL were also assessed. The anti-aging effects of GFF-containing skin moisturizer (SK-II LXP Cream<sup>TM</sup>) were also examined in two studies after twice-daily application for 2 (N = 35) and 4 (N = 32) weeks. Results: As for the keratinocyte cellular architecture, skin aging was significantly associated with decreased cell density and increased cell uniformity. These architectural aging parameters were significantly correlated with visual and physiological aging parameters, namely, rough texture, wrinkles, pore dilation, dull skin tone, dehydration, and increased TEWL. The strong interconnectivity allowed us to develop formulae to estimate the keratinocyte architecture from visual aging parameters. Moreover, twice-daily application of SK-II significantly improved the keratinocyte architecture associated with multiple skin aging visual and physiological parameters. Conclusion: Skin aging is a process involving mutual interconnections among epidermal keratinocyte cellular architecture, visual, and physiological parameters. The GFF-containing moisturizer SK-II effectively improves spatial architecture of keratinocytes in epidermis and these evaluated skin aging parameters in a new trajectory over the course of treatment. .
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20672016）.
文摘2-Oxazolines and 2-benoxazoles were synthesized in high yields from acylamino alcohols and acylaminophenols, respectively, with triphenylphosphine-2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone （PPh3-DDQ） as the dehydrating and activating reagent. The synthesis was accomplished under neutral conditions.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(S2021-JC-WT-006)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0100200)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M633588)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-77)。
文摘Maize kernel moisture content(KMC)at harvest greatly affects mechanical harvesting,transport and storage.KMC is correlated with kernel dehydration rate(KDR)before and after physiological maturity.KMC and KDR are complex traits governed by multiple quantitative trait loci(QTL).Their genetic architecture is incompletely understood.We used a multiomics integration approach with an association panel to identify genes influencing KMC and KDR.A genome-wide association study using time-series KMC data from 7 to 70 days after pollination and their transformed KDR data revealed respectively 98and 279 loci significantly associated with KMC and KDR.Time-series transcriptome and proteome datasets were generated to construct KMC correlation networks,from which respectively 3111 and 759 module genes and proteins were identified as highly associated with KMC.Integrating multiomics analysis,several promising candidate genes for KMC and KDR,including Zm00001d047799 and Zm00001d035920,were identified.Further mutant experiments showed that Zm00001d047799,a gene encoding heat shock 70 kDa protein 5,reduced KMC in the late stage of kernel development.Our study provides resources for the identification of candidate genes influencing maize KMC and KDR,shedding light on the genetic architecture of dynamic changes in maize KMC.
基金funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discovery Grant Canada(Grant No.RGPIN-2017-05169).
文摘The non-isothermal deformation of soft mudrocks or clay soils is one of the most critical issues in energy and environmental related geotechnics.Clay-related geomaterials hold complex microstructure and mineral composition,which brings difficulty in investigating their thermo-mechanical behaviors.Previous studies pay little attention to the difference between a thermal plastic strain and the strain from clay dehydration.In this study,a new constitutive model is proposed for describing the thermoelastoplastic behaviors of clayey soils under water-saturated condition.The effect of temperature variation and mechanical loading on elastoplastic strains and dehydration are investigated.The thermodynamics laws and the unconventional plasticity are applied to quantify the thermo-mechanical behavior.The irreversible strain is captured by using Cam-Clay plasticity and subloading yield surface concept.The dehydration strain is described by utilizing a novel method based on generalized thermodynamics approach and Helmholtz free energy function.The internal variables,and the first and second laws of thermodynamics are applied in the model.The hardening rule is established by implementing the laws of physical conservation,energy dissipation,and plastic flow.The proposed model is validated using specially designed thermal consolidation tests on laboratory prepared heavily consolidated clayey soils and some published data of clayey soils with different geological origins.
文摘The Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO thermochemical energy storage(TCES)system based on calcium looping has received extensive attention owing to its high energy storage density,prolonged energy storage time,and environmental friendliness.The heat storage process of the Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES system in a mixed heating reactor was evaluated in this study,by employing a combination of direct and indirect heating modes.The dehydration process was studied experimentally,and a numerical model was established and verified based on the experimental results.The dehydration behavior of 500 g of Ca(OH)_(2) powder was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor with mixed heating.The experimental and simulation results indicated that mixed heating causes combined centripetal and horizontal propulsion.Heat input is the main limiting factor in the heat storage process,because the radial advance of the reaction is hindered by the low thermal conductivity of the solid reactant particles.Heat transmission partitions were added to enhance the performance of the reactor.The performance of the modified reactor was compared with that of a conventional reactor.The radial heat transmission partitions in the modified reactor effectively enhance the energy storage rate and reduce the reaction time by 59.5%compared with the reactor without partitions.
基金The authors appreciative and acknowledge the Faculty of Engineering,Khon Kaen University,Thailand,and the Graduate School,Khon Kaen University,Thailand,for supporting the Lecturer in Admitting High Potential Students to Study and Research in His Expert Program Year 2018(Grant No.611JT212)。
文摘Isosorbide is a multi-purpose chemical that can be produced from renewable resources.Specifically,it has been investigated as a replacement for toxic bisphenol A(BPA)in the production of polycarbonate(PC).In this study,the synthesis of isosorbide by sorbitol dehydration using a cerium-based catalyst derived from calcined cerium(IV)sulfate(300°C,400°C,450°C,500°C,and 650°C)was investigated.The reaction occurred in a high-pressure reactor containing nitrogen gas.Advanced instrumental techniques were applied to analyze the characteristics of the calcined catalyst.The results showed that the calcined catalysts demonstrated different crystalline structures and sulfate species at different temperatures.However,the acidic properties(strength and amount)of the catalyst did not change with the calcination temperature.The cerium(IV)sulfate calcined at 400°C exhibited the best catalytic performance,achieving the highest isosorbide yield(55.7%)and complete conversion of sorbitol at 180°C,20 bar of N2,and 6 h using CeSO-400.The presence of a sulfate group on the catalyst was the most important factor in determining the catalytic performance of sorbitol dehydration to isosorbide.This work suggests that CeSO-400 catalysts may play an important role in reducing reaction conditions.
文摘Objective:Pediatric burns pose difficult healthcare issues in underdeveloped nations.Due to the scarcity of pediatric burn care facilities and qualified burn‑care staff,patients are frequently referred from a rural hospital.This study explores the burn‑treatment approach that could be used in rural hospitals in the absence of a dedicated pediatric burn care facility.Materials and Methods:A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 199 children who received treatment for burn‑injury in an isolated general surgical ward.Wound debridement under anesthesia at the earliest was the cornerstone of the treatment plan for this cohort.Until the wounds healed,the treatment was repeated every alternate day.The patient’s demographic data,number of surgical dressings,length of hospital stay,and outcome were analyzed.Results:The mean age of the patients was 51.68±23.79 months.The male‑female ratio was 1.45:1.The survival rate was 99.00%.The disability rate was 4.52%.Univariate logistic regression identified the age group,total body surface area affected,depth of the wound,and time of intervention as statistically significant variables(P<0.05)predicting the disfigurement.Multivariate logistic regression identified the time intervals between surgical intervention and injury as an important predictor of morbidity.In addition,delayed presentation and delayed intervention led to a longer hospital stay,and more interventions than the early intervention cohort.Conclusions:Early debridement accelerates recovery and lessens the need for future skin grafts or contracture procedures.This approach can be used in rural hospitals as well because pediatric burns can be manageable in an isolated general ward.
文摘Background: Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is used as a monotherapy or in combination for lowering the elevated blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is often associated with certain adverse reactions (urinary tract infection (UTI), diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA), and genital infections). Thus, the Saudi Food and Drug Administration requested a post-authorisation safety study to monitor the safety of empagliflozin during the defined observation period. Methodology: The local, comparator, non-interventional, regulatory post-marketing study using “new user” design was conducted in patients with T2DM, treated with empagliflozin (10 or 25 mg) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (NCT03764631). Study was conducted from 2018 to 2020, wherein each patient was followed up for 12 months after the index period. Incidence and occurrence of DKA, severe UTIs, volume depletion and dehydration were observed along with metformin, insulin and treatment complexity status and adverse events in the index and Ramadan period. All data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 1502 patients enrolled (empagliflozin [n = 751] and DPP-4 inhibitors [n = 751]), 0.1% patients (n = 1) in each group and Conclusion: Empagliflozin was well tolerated over a period of 12 months, with no safety concerns and a favourable benefit/risk ratio.
文摘Background: Wrinkles, pigmented spots, and roughness are representative parameters reflecting facial skin aging. Sulci cutis connecting to follicular orifices frequently form perifollicular cracks, which join together adjacent sulci. This follicle-sulcus-crack complex (FSCC) is exacerbated by dehydration. Purpose: Although dehydration is associated with facial skin aging, FSCC’s implications in facial skin aging remain unresolved. Method: We measured facial skin parameters in 1999 and 2010 in 108 Japanese women, and in 2006 and 2016 in 182 Chinese women. We addressed whether expansion of FSCC is associated with other skin aging parameters. We also examined whether skin moisturizer can reverse the expanded FSCC. Results: In both clinical studies, FSCC severity as well as wrinkles, spots, and roughness significantly deteriorated with age. Notably, FSCC significantly increased as early as in subjects in their 20s, whereas wrinkles, spots, and roughness became conspicuous in those in their 40s or older. Moreover, subjects with more severe FSCC in the initial measurement exhibited significantly worse wrinkles, spots, and roughness in the second measurement a decade later. Dehydration was significantly correlated with expanded FSCC. Furthermore, FSCC expansion was reversed after appropriate moisturization by daily application of Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF)-containing skincare product (SK-II Skin Power Cream) for 4 weeks in 37 women. Conclusion: The expanded FSCC is likely to be an early indicator of facial skin aging. Appropriate moisturization may reduce FSCC formation and decelerate facial skin aging.
基金Project(201011005-5)supported by the National Land and Resources Public Welfare Scientific Research Project of ChinaProject(41030426)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(20095122110015)supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProject(2010-32)supported by Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Ministry for Returned Chinese Scholars,China
文摘The single phase La2（CO3）3·3.4H2 O was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The thermal decomposition and intermediates and final solid products of La2（CO3）3·3.4H2O from 30 to 1000 °C were characterized by XRD, FTIR and DTA-TG. The kinetics of dehydration of La2（CO3）3·3.4H2O in the temperature range of 30-366 °C was investigated under non-isothermal conditions. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Friedman isoconversion methods were used to calculate the activation energy and analyze the reaction steps; multivariate non-linear regression program was applied to determine the most probable mechanism and the kinetic parameters. The results show that the thermal dehydration of La2（CO3）3·3.4H2O is a kind of three-step competitive reaction, and controlled by an n-order initial reaction followed by n-order competitive reaction（FnFnFn model）. The activation energy matching with the most probable model is close to value obtained by Friedman method. The fitting curves match the original TG-DTG curves very well.
