The epidemic tendency of dental caries of school students over the past 15 years in China was analyzed in order to provide bases for prevention of dental caries.Data sets of boys and girls at the age of 7,9,12 years(d...The epidemic tendency of dental caries of school students over the past 15 years in China was analyzed in order to provide bases for prevention of dental caries.Data sets of boys and girls at the age of 7,9,12 years(deciduous caries)and 7,9,12,14,17 years(permanent caries)were collected from the series of Chinese National Surveillance on Students' Constitution and Health(CNSSCH)between 1991 to 2005,a survey that covers 30 provinces of and autonomous regions of China,with Tibet Autonomous Region and Taiwan Province excluded owing to unavailability of related data.According to their socioeconomic status,three urban regions and three rural regions(province capital must be included)were selected in each province,where its socioeconomic status and sports exercise can represent the general level of the locality.All subjects were Han students.Prevalence of deciduous and permanent caries was measured.In 2005,the prevalence of deciduous caries at 7,9,12 years was 52.87%,52.04% and 9.80% in urban boys,59.37%,58.68% and 12.18% in rural boys,and that of permanent caries in boys at 7,9,12,14,and 17 years was 2.35%,5.63%,13.94%,19.05% and 21.29% in urban boys,3.42%,7.26%,13.35%,16.16%,18.55% in rural boys,while in girls at the same age groups,the prevalence of deciduous caries was 53.53%,49.48%,7.92% in urban girls,59.95%,56.13%,8.85% in rural girls;the prevalence of permanent caries was 3.61%,8.99%,19.32%,24.75%,28.62% in urban girls,and 3.47%,10.65%,17.66%,22.52%,24.27% in rural girls.The epidemic manifested a gradient distribution in age groups,which was closely related to region of the study population.A dramatic decreasing trend was witnessed among all sex-age subgroups in the rural groups between 1990 and 2005,and such a trend was stronger in deciduous caries than in permanent caries,however,this kind of decreasing trend was not steady,because there was bounce during some year.Although the morbidity of dental caries in China is lower than the standard set by the World Health Organization,and the prevalence of dental caries decreased from 1991 to 2005,the prospect of epidemic dental caries in China is in no way optimistic.The total population with dental caries is still very large and the prevalence decreased unstably.Therefore,financial support on school oral health care should be increased,and a national school oral health service network should be set up.展开更多
Recently,the diagnoses of dental caries and other dental issues are in a queue as only X-ray-based techniques are available in most hospitals around the world.Terahertz(THz)parametric imaging(TPI)is the latest technol...Recently,the diagnoses of dental caries and other dental issues are in a queue as only X-ray-based techniques are available in most hospitals around the world.Terahertz(THz)parametric imaging(TPI)is the latest technology that can be applied for medical applications,especially dental caries.This technology is harmless and thus suitable for biological samples owing to the low energy of THz emission.In this paper,a developed TPI system is used to investigate the two-dimensional(2 D)and three-dimensional(3D)images of different samples from human teeth.After analyzing the measured images of human teeth,the results suggest that the THz parametric technology is capable of investigating the inner side structure of the teeth.This technique can be useful in detecting the defects in all types of human and animal teeth.The measurement and analytical calculations have been performed by using the TPI system and MATLAB,respectively,and both are in good agreement.The characteristics of THz waves and their interactions with the tooth samples are summarized.And the available THz-based technologies,such as TPI,and their potential applications of diagnoses are also presented.展开更多
Although aluminum itself was reported to prevent dental caries, previous in vitro studies reported that the aluminum level in the whole saliva of children was independent of caries prevalence. Purposes of this study w...Although aluminum itself was reported to prevent dental caries, previous in vitro studies reported that the aluminum level in the whole saliva of children was independent of caries prevalence. Purposes of this study were to compare the elution levels of aluminum and calcium from deciduous enamel into acidic artificial saliva, and determine whether the degree of aluminum elution reflects individual caries risk. One hundred and eleven extracted human deciduous teeth were collected. Concentrations of aluminum and calcium eluted from sound regions of enamel into artificial saliva (pH 6.2 or 5.5) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. One hundred and four and 108 available data samples were obtained for aluminum and calcium evaluation, respectively, and were compared based on the sex, tooth type, caries history, and the number of the donor’s carious teeth at each pH. Calcium elution was not affected by the sex;however, more aluminum was eluted from boys’ than from girls’ teeth at pH 5.5. The aluminum release depended on the tooth type, and was significantly higher in incisors than in molars at a pH of 5.5. In relation to the caries history, aluminum (at pH 5.5) and calcium (at pH 6.2) dissolved more from sound regions of the enamel of caries-experienced teeth than from the enamel of teeth without caries experience. Moreover, aluminum markedly dissolved from enamel in artificial saliva at both pH 6.2 and 5.5 when the donor had more carious teeth, regardless of the presence or absence of caries experience in the sampled teeth. There is a possibility that the rate of aluminum elution from enamel into acidic fluid reflects individual caries sensitivity.展开更多
<b><span>Background:</span></b><span> The patients’ age is considered a modified risk factor that causes periodontal disease, dental caries, and their development.</span><b...<b><span>Background:</span></b><span> The patients’ age is considered a modified risk factor that causes periodontal disease, dental caries, and their development.</span><b><span> Objective:</span></b><span> The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of salivary pH value and dental caries index on periodontal status among adult age groups of patients from Aseer region, Saudi Arabia</span><span>.</span><span> </span><b><span>Methods:</span></b><span> A cross-sectional analysi</span><span>s carried out in the college of dentistry, King Khalid University on 750 </span><span>adult patients (400 males and 350 females). The adults patients were divided into three equal groups according to the patients’ age: group I (20 - 30 years), group I</span><span>I (31 - 40 years), and group III (41 - 50 years).</span><span> </span><span>Plaque index (PLI), gingi</span><span>val index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the dental caries index (DMFT)</span><span> recorded as w</span><span>ell as salivary pH. All findings collected, then analyzed by an</span><span> ANOVA test and the t</span><span>-test. A p-value at <0.05 was considered a statistical significance level.</span><span> </span><b><span>R</span></b><b><span>esults:</span></b><b><span> </span></b><span>The clinical findings of the current study showed that there were statistically significant differences in the patients’ age of both males and females. Moreover, there were statistically significant diffe</span><span>rences in GI. On the other hand, there were highly statistically significant differences in PLI and DMFS, but there were no significant differences</span><span> in CAL of both males and females </span><span>Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in salivary pH</span><span>.</span><span> </span><b><span>Conclusion:</span></b><span> We concluded that DMFT Index correlated to periodontal and oral hea</span><span>lth status and, it increased with the progression of the pat</span><span>ient’s age and</span><span> can be used in the epidemiological evaluation of periodontal and o</span><span>ral health status.展开更多
Objective:To explore the curative effect of Carisolv,a minimally invasive caries removal technique and traditional mechanical caries removal treatment on children’s dental caries.Methods:A total of 97 children with d...Objective:To explore the curative effect of Carisolv,a minimally invasive caries removal technique and traditional mechanical caries removal treatment on children’s dental caries.Methods:A total of 97 children with dental caries who were treated in the Department of Stomatology in Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University,Chifeng from September 2017 to May 2019 were selected and recruited as the research subjects.They were divided into two groups by random number table method.Forty-nine individuals were assigned in the control group while the remaining 48 individuals in the observation group.The control group was treated with traditional mechanical caries removal method,and the observation group was treated with minimally invasive caries removal technique,i.e.Carisolv.Both groups were followed up for six months.The degree of pain,recovery time of dental function and complications after six months of treatment were observed in the two groups of children.Results:During the treatment,compared with the control group,the children in the observation group experienced lower degree of pain and had shorter recovery time of dental function.After six months of treatment,the incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with traditional mechanical caries removal method,Carisolv,a minimally invasive caries removal technique could reduce the pain of children during the treatment process,shorten the time to restore dental function,reduce the occurrence of complications,and had a better therapeutic effect in treating children’s dental caries.展开更多
Background: School is a space where children are exposed to the social and psychosocial environment that can affect their health. In Senegal, the prevalence of dental caries is high in classic schools according to fra...Background: School is a space where children are exposed to the social and psychosocial environment that can affect their health. In Senegal, the prevalence of dental caries is high in classic schools according to fragmented data, and unknown in the koranic school (Daaras). Objective: The objective is to describe the disparity of dental caries in the schoolchildren (talibes) of Daara of Koki. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 talibes aged 7 to 12 years. Dental caries and socio-demographic data were, respectively, collected by clinical examination and questionnaire. Results: The sex ratio was 9, the mean age of 9.9 ± 1.5 years and the mean length of stay in the Daara was 2.3 ± 1.1 years. The prevalence of dental caries was 47.4%. The average mixed DFMT index was 1.1 ± 1.5. The prevalence was 51.2% among boys, 60% among eight-year-old children and 37.4% among twelve-year-old children. By length of stay, the prevalence was 52.9% at the start and 22.2% at the end with a significant downward trend (p Conclusion: The study showed an unequally distributed of caries among talibes of Koki’s Daara. She suggests that oral health promotion policies are needed in Koranic schools and must rely on koranic teachers.展开更多
This study aimed to assess whether birth weight is associated with dental caries during the teenage period. In this register-based cohort study, all children of 13 yrs of age (n = 18,142) who resided in the county of ...This study aimed to assess whether birth weight is associated with dental caries during the teenage period. In this register-based cohort study, all children of 13 yrs of age (n = 18,142) who resided in the county of Stockholm, Sweden, in 2000 were included. The cohort was followed until individuals were 19 yrs of age. Information regarding dental caries was collected from the Public Health Care Administration in Stockholm. Data concerning prenatal and perinatal factors and parental socio-demographic determinants were collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and National Registers at Statistics Sweden. The final logistic regression model showed that birth weight (≥4000 g), adjusted for potential confounders, was significantly associated with caries increment (DMFT ≥ 1) between 13 and 19 yrs of age (OR: 1.29, 95% CI = 1.13 - 1.48). The relatively enhanced risk OR was further increased from 1.29 to 1.52 in sub- jects with birth weight (≥4600 g). On the contrary, subjects with birth weight (<2500 g) exhibited a sig- nificantly lower risk (OR: 0.67, 95% CI = 0.50 - 0.89) for exhibiting caries experience (DMFT ≥4) at 19 yrs of age. In conclusion, birth weight can be regarded as a predictor for dental caries and birth weight (≥4000 g) is especially a risk factor for caries increment during adolescence.展开更多
Millions of people worldwide suffer from a toothache due to tooth cavity,and often permanent tooth loss.Dental caries,also known as tooth decay,is a biofilm-dependent infectious disease that damages teeth by minerals ...Millions of people worldwide suffer from a toothache due to tooth cavity,and often permanent tooth loss.Dental caries,also known as tooth decay,is a biofilm-dependent infectious disease that damages teeth by minerals loss and presents a high incidence of clinical restorative polymeric fillings(tooth colored fillings).Until now,restorative polymeric fillings present no bioactivity.The complexity of oral biofilms contributes to the difficulty in developing effective novel dental materials.Nanotechnology has been explored in the development of bioactive dental materials to reduce or modulate the activities of caries-related bacteria.Nano-structured platforms based on calcium phosphate and metallic particles have advanced to impart an anti-caries potential to restorative materials.The bioactivity of these platforms induces prevention of mineral loss of the hard tooth structure and antibacterial activities against caries-related pathogens.It has been suggested that this bioactivity could minimize the incidence of caries around restorations(CARS)and increase the longevity of such filling materials.The last few years witnessed growing numbers of studies on the preparation evaluations of these novel materials.Herein,the caries disease process and the role of pathogenic caries-related biofilm,the increasing incidence of CARS,and the recent efforts employed for incorporation of bioactive nanoparticles in restorative polymer materials as useful strategies for prevention and management of caries-related-bacteria are discussed.We highlight the status of the most advanced and widely explored interaction of nanoparticle-based platforms and calcium phosphate compounds with an eye toward translating the potential of these approaches to the dental clinical reality.展开更多
The study of twins provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the genetic and nongenetic contributions to a variance of multitude of traits.Twin research has revealed the impact of a strong genetic component to the var...The study of twins provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the genetic and nongenetic contributions to a variance of multitude of traits.Twin research has revealed the impact of a strong genetic component to the variance of many dental traits.The present study was conducted to assess the dental caries and oral hygiene status in monozygotic(MZ)and dizygotic(DZ)twins.A random sample of 129 MZ and DZ twin pairs aged 6-15 years were included in this study.The zygosity of twin pairs was initially recorded by facial appearance and later determined by dermatoglyphics.Dental caries and oral hygiene status were recorded in these twin pairs and the data were subjected to statistical analysis.No significant difference was observed in the mean decayed,extracted due to caries and filled teeth(deft)in primary dentition and decayed,missing and filled(DMFT)in permanent dentition scores and oral hygiene status in MZ and DZ twin pair&The similarity observed in oral health status reflects the effects of a shared environment in MZ and DZ twin pairs.展开更多
Background: The most prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide is oral health-related disease, with dental caries and periodontal conditions being common. Oral health status significantly impacts overall health and...Background: The most prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide is oral health-related disease, with dental caries and periodontal conditions being common. Oral health status significantly impacts overall health and quality of life. Barriers to dental care affect children with special needs. This study evaluates the oral health status and treatment requirements of people with special needs. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study in Kumasi, Ghana examined oral health status among people, 121 children with special needs over two months, in June-July 2022. Dental caries, periodontal changes, malocclusion, and trauma were assessed. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The oral health status among people with special needs in this study was generally moderate, with a range from very good to very poor. The prevalence of dental caries was 37%, with a mean DMFT score of 2.82. Periodontal health showed unsatisfactory indicators such as mobile teeth, poor gingival health, high plaque scores, and the presence of halitosis. Conclusion: This descriptive study aimed to provide baseline data on the oral health status of special needs students in Kumasi, addressing the lack of knowledge in this area. It highlighted the importance of dental care in maintaining good oral health and overall well-being in individuals with special needs. Coordinated efforts by dental professionals are needed to provide dental health education and preventive interventions for these children.展开更多
Background:Having the ability to identify potential health risk factors such as lifestyle,ethnicity,health status,and social determinants associated with oral health status risk,health care providers can take an activ...Background:Having the ability to identify potential health risk factors such as lifestyle,ethnicity,health status,and social determinants associated with oral health status risk,health care providers can take an active role in health screening to discover any need for clinical preventive services,including dental preventive services,and can detect health problems.Methods:A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the practice of common oral diseases among the patients visiting in the selected dental college and hospital in Bangladesh from October 2019 to December 2019.About 100 patients were interviewed through a semi-structured questionnaire,followed by an oral examination through a checklist and a face-to-face interview.A systematically random sampling technique was employed to select the study population.Results:Among them,the(21-30)year age group shows a maximum 20%,whereas the(71-80)year age group represents the minority with only 2%.Among them,56%were male and 44%were female.Students represent the majority of 26%,whereas others(day laborers)represent only 4%.Decayed teeth remained in 72%of cases,teeth were missing in 31%of cases,and filled teeth were present in 24%of cases.A majority of 71%clean teeth once daily,whereas only 29%clean teeth twice daily.Again,only 30%brush teeth at night and a maximum of 95%brush teeth in the morning.Moreover,a maximum of 68%use toothpaste and brushes,while only 4%use meswak for cleaning their teeth.About 4%of cases with no debris,51%of cases with less than 1/3rd of the tooth with debris,32%of cases with 1/3rd-2/3rd of the tooth with debris,and 13%of cases with more than 2/3rd of the tooth with debris were present.Again,about 30%had no calculus,52%less than 1/3rd of tooth,16%in between 1/3rd and 2/3rd of tooth,and 2%more than 2/3rd of the calculus was present.About 47%of mild,22%of moderate,6%of severe and 25%had no inflammation.Furthermore,for treatment purposes,20.69%was advised for scaling,19.66%for filling,16.90%for root canal treatment,17.59%for extraction,17.24%for prosthodontic treatment,1.03%for orthodontic treatment,2.07%for pulpotomy,2.41%for pulpectomy,and 2.41%for minor surgery.Overall,about 72%of the respondents,mostly the students,are suffering from decayed teeth,which may be due to a lack of frequency of brushing,indicating 95%that it is once daily.In addition,the most alarming situation among them is about 20.69%required scaling,which may be due to improper and inadequate brushing maintenance.Conclusion:to some extent,the above scenario may reflect the negative hallmark for our country’s younger generation in terms of oral health practice.Therefore,the establishment of a preventive oral health policy by our policymakers for the general population,mostly school-going students,on an emergency basis.展开更多
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent human diseases resulting from tooth demineralization caused by acid production of bacteria plaque.It remains challenges for current practice to specifically identify,interven...Dental caries is one of the most prevalent human diseases resulting from tooth demineralization caused by acid production of bacteria plaque.It remains challenges for current practice to specifically identify,intervene and interrupt the development of caries while restoring defects.In this study,inspired by natural dental plaque,a stimuli-responsive multidrug delivery system(PMs@NaF-SAP)has been developed to prevent tooth decay and promote enamel restoration.Classic spherical core-shell structures of micelles dual-loaded with antibacterial and restorative agents are self-assembled into bacteria-responsive multidrug delivery system based on the pH-cleavable boronate ester bond,followed by conjugation with salivary-acquired peptide(SAP)to endow the nanoparticle with strong adhesion to tooth enamel.The constructed PMs@NaF-SAP specifically adheres to tooth,identifies cariogenic conditions and intelligently releases drugs at acidic pH,thereby providing antibacterial adhesion and cariogenic biofilm resistance,and restoring the microarchitecture and mechanical properties of demineralized teeth.Topical treatment with PMs@NaF-SAP effectively diminishes the onset and severity of caries without impacting oral microbiota diversity or surrounding mucosal tissues.These findings demonstrate this novel nanotherapy has potential as a promising biomedical application for caries prevention and tooth defect restoration while resisting biofilm-associated diseases in a controlled manner activated by pathological bacteria.展开更多
Introduction: Pregnancy can be a risk factor for dental diseases as oral tissues are liable to changes due to hormonal variations. High levels of secretion of progesterone predispose gums tissues to inflammation leadi...Introduction: Pregnancy can be a risk factor for dental diseases as oral tissues are liable to changes due to hormonal variations. High levels of secretion of progesterone predispose gums tissues to inflammation leading to gingivitis. Also, oral pathologies in pregnant women can adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. This may be because pro-inflammatory cytokines are released into the system of the pregnant woman, which can reach the womb, causing harm to the baby. Pathogenic bacteria can also get into circulation leading to septicemia. This can cause abortion, preterm delivery, low birth weight, pre-eclampsia and many others. There is a high prevalence of oral diseases in pregnant women in developing countries, but just a few of them actually access dental care services. This is more rampant in countries with no oral health programs and where oral health is not included in the antenatal care package. Lack of knowledge about the importance of oral health to pregnancy outcome, cost of dental treatment, as well as fear of the effect of dental treatment on pregnancy, are among the barriers to pregnant women not accessing dental care services during pregnancy. Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess the oral health status among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Bamenda. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was carried out on 295 pregnant women attending ANC in Nkwen, Mankon, and Bamendankwen, which have specialized dental units and so all these pregnan</sp.展开更多
To investigate oral health status in the residents of Sichuan Province, southwest China, a cross-sectional study was performed using the latest Oral Health Survey Basic Methods recommended by the World Health Organiza...To investigate oral health status in the residents of Sichuan Province, southwest China, a cross-sectional study was performed using the latest Oral Health Survey Basic Methods recommended by the World Health Organization. A multistage stratified random cluster-sampling method was used to enroll participants from the following three groups: children aged 3–5 years,adolescents aged 12 years, and people aged 65–74 years. In these three groups, the mean numbers of teeth that were affected by caries were 3.28, 0.86 and 5.13, respectively, resulting in a prevalence of 63.47%, 37.20% and 83.20%, respectively.Relative to the high rate of decayed teeth, the prevalence of fillings was very low in all age groups(0.97%, 7.24% and 5.43%,respectively). In the 12-year-old adolescent group, only 3.61% had good pit and fissure sealing. In addition, the rate of dental fluorosis was 24.80%, and the Community Fluorosis Index value was 0.39. In the elder group, the community periodontal index was2.92. The prevalence in the elderly of having lost at least one tooth was 75.54%. Additionally, 4.44% of these participants were edentulous. The incidence of dental prosthesis was 51.75%, the proportion with a removable partial denture, a fixed denture, full dentures, dental implants and an informal fixed bridge was 21.59%, 11.45%, 4.64%, 0 and 16.67%, respectively. In this study,8.2% of the elderly participants were affected by different types of oral mucosal lesions. Among such lesions, recurrent aphthous ulcers were most prevalent(2.69%) and oral lichen planuses were second(1.6%). The conclusion presented in this survey is that oral diseases, especially dental caries and periodontal disease, are frequent and common in Sichuan province, China. Moreover, the treatment rate is very low, and primary prevention and treatment options are therefore urgently needed in this population.展开更多
Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases and is caused by acid fermentation of bacteria adhered to the teeth.Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) utilizes sortase A(Srt A) to anchor surface proteins to the ...Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases and is caused by acid fermentation of bacteria adhered to the teeth.Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) utilizes sortase A(Srt A) to anchor surface proteins to the cell wall and forms a biofilm to facilitate its adhesion to the tooth surface. Some plant natural products, especially several flavonoids, are effective inhibitors of Srt A. However, given the limited number of inhibitors and the development of drug resistance, the discovery of new inhibitors is urgent. Here, the high-throughput virtual screening approach was performed to identify new potential inhibitors of S. mutans Srt A. Two libraries were used for screening, and nine compounds that had the lowest scores were chosen for further molecular dynamics simulation, binding free energy analysis and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity(ADMET)properties analysis. The results revealed that several similar compounds composed of benzofuran, thiadiazole and pyrrole, which exhibited good affinities and appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters, were potential inhibitors to impede the catalysis of Srt A.In addition, the carbonyl of these compounds can have a key role in the inhibition mechanism. These findings can provide a new strategy for microbial infection disease therapy.展开更多
Dental caries are the most prevalent chronic infections in the oral cavity, and Streptococcus mutans acts as the main cariogenic bacterial species. Antibacterial quaternary ammonium compounds(QAs) have been developed ...Dental caries are the most prevalent chronic infections in the oral cavity, and Streptococcus mutans acts as the main cariogenic bacterial species. Antibacterial quaternary ammonium compounds(QAs) have been developed to preve Fnt or treat dental caries.However, there is no report on the tolerance of S. mutans to QAs. In this study, we investigated the development of S. mutans persistence induced by a novel dental caries defensive agent, dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate(DMADDM), for the first time.Typical biphasic killing kinetics for persisters were observed in both S. mutans planktonic and biofilm cultures challenged by DMADDM at concentrations of 20 and 200 μg·m L^(-1), respectively. The persisters tolerated six other antibiotics with different antibacterial mechanisms, while only daptomycin and vancomycin could slightly reduce the persister numbers in planktonic cultures. The distribution of persisters in DMADDM-treated biofilms was similar to that in the untreated control, except that the total biomass and biofilm height were significantly reduced. A higher exopolysaccharides(EPS):bacteria ratio was observed in DMADDM-treated biofilms. Persisters in biofilms significantly upregulated gtf gene expression, indicating an increase in the bacteria's ability to produce EPS and an elevated capability of cariogenic virulence. Carbon source metabolism was significantly reduced, as related metabolic genes were all downregulated in persisters. Concentrations of 0.1 m M, 1 m M and 10 m M of extra glucose significantly reduced the number of persisters both in planktonic and biofilm conditions. The formation of noninheritable and multidrug tolerant persisters induced by DMADDM suggested that drug tolerance and new persistent eradication strategies should be considered for oral antibacterial agents.展开更多
Background:There is overwhelming evidence that periodontal disease and dental caries affect the majority of populations and that western culture and lifestyle may have a profound influence on oral health,especially in...Background:There is overwhelming evidence that periodontal disease and dental caries affect the majority of populations and that western culture and lifestyle may have a profound influence on oral health,especially in adults.The present study was performed to determine the effect of westernization on the oral health of college students of Udaipur City,Rajasthan.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students attending various professional and non-professional bachelor's degree colleges of Udaipur City,Rajasthan,India,from March 2013 to May 2013.Eight hundred students were selected based on a two-stage random sampling procedure.Westernization was assessed by a self-administered structured questionnaire.Periodontal status,dental caries status and malocclusion were assessed according to World Health Organization(WHO) criteria(1997).Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and Multivariate logistic regression.The confidence level and level of significance were set at 95% and 5%,respectively.Results:The present study suggested that adverse habits,listening to English music and preferring English food had a significant association with dental caries and periodontal diseases.Malocclusion also showed a significant relationship with consuming English food for snacks and desserts.Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly greater odds ratio(OR) for periodontal disease and dental caries among those who preferred English food for lunch.Conclusion:Based on the results of the present study,there is an association between westernization and oral health.展开更多
Sports and energy drinks are consumed by more peoplethan ever. Sports and energy drinks may enhance physical resistance, stimulate metabolism, prevent rehydration and replace electrolytes during high activity efforts....Sports and energy drinks are consumed by more peoplethan ever. Sports and energy drinks may enhance physical resistance, stimulate metabolism, prevent rehydration and replace electrolytes during high activity efforts. However, these drinks often have a low pH and are acidic, which can erode enamel and dentin, and increase dentine hypersensitivity. In addition to the adverse effects of sports and energy drinks on tooth structures, they often have the potential to damage restorative materials. These drinks often contain artificial colors which have potential to discolor resin composite materials and glass ionomers. The acidic nature of these drinks could also lead to a degradation, increase in wear, and roughening of the surface of the restorative materials. Many of the negative consequences of sport and energy drinks can be related to their overconsumption among children and teenagers. Patients should be advised to have a healthy diet, and consume soft and energy drinks in moderation, to avoid any negative dental or health consequences. The overconsumption of sports and energy drinks which are high in sugar and have the lowest pH are most likely to cause avoidable dental problems.展开更多
Background: The well-established DMFT index has been used for over 75 years as a key for measuring dental caries in dentistry. DMFT is applied to permanent dentition and expressed as the total number of teeth decayed ...Background: The well-established DMFT index has been used for over 75 years as a key for measuring dental caries in dentistry. DMFT is applied to permanent dentition and expressed as the total number of teeth decayed (D), missing (M), or filled (F), tooth (T) in an individual. Objectives: The objective of this study is to build a mathematical model for the existing DMFT index and compare its parameters by suggested new mathematical model. Mathematical Models: Fixed Model: Is a mathematical model for the existing DMFT index and will be considered as fixed model;in which all individuals under screening will have the same probability θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤1 of dental caries. In this fixed model the unit of the screening is the individual, and will be evaluated for caries as a dichotomous (0, 1) variable. Random Model: The new suggested model is a random model that suggests a mouth of an individual as an environment and the tooth is a unit of research. In this random model, only the teeth in one mouth have the same probability θ, 0 ≤ θi ≤ 1 where i =1, 2...,k ;number of screening individuals. Expected Outcome: Mathematically, the fixed model will highlight what the value 1 will hide as information and hence this may explain why the average of DMFT is may be overestimated for any sample studied using fixed model. The random model will yield a cumulative weighed probability on the function of the number of teeth screened per mouth θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 1, hence the average DMFT index will be weighed against the number of teeth screened per all subjects. Conclusion: The random model yields an average and more realistic expected value for the population studied. Furthermore, in such model, it is easy to estimate the variance and it is obvious that this model yields the smallest variance.展开更多
文摘The epidemic tendency of dental caries of school students over the past 15 years in China was analyzed in order to provide bases for prevention of dental caries.Data sets of boys and girls at the age of 7,9,12 years(deciduous caries)and 7,9,12,14,17 years(permanent caries)were collected from the series of Chinese National Surveillance on Students' Constitution and Health(CNSSCH)between 1991 to 2005,a survey that covers 30 provinces of and autonomous regions of China,with Tibet Autonomous Region and Taiwan Province excluded owing to unavailability of related data.According to their socioeconomic status,three urban regions and three rural regions(province capital must be included)were selected in each province,where its socioeconomic status and sports exercise can represent the general level of the locality.All subjects were Han students.Prevalence of deciduous and permanent caries was measured.In 2005,the prevalence of deciduous caries at 7,9,12 years was 52.87%,52.04% and 9.80% in urban boys,59.37%,58.68% and 12.18% in rural boys,and that of permanent caries in boys at 7,9,12,14,and 17 years was 2.35%,5.63%,13.94%,19.05% and 21.29% in urban boys,3.42%,7.26%,13.35%,16.16%,18.55% in rural boys,while in girls at the same age groups,the prevalence of deciduous caries was 53.53%,49.48%,7.92% in urban girls,59.95%,56.13%,8.85% in rural girls;the prevalence of permanent caries was 3.61%,8.99%,19.32%,24.75%,28.62% in urban girls,and 3.47%,10.65%,17.66%,22.52%,24.27% in rural girls.The epidemic manifested a gradient distribution in age groups,which was closely related to region of the study population.A dramatic decreasing trend was witnessed among all sex-age subgroups in the rural groups between 1990 and 2005,and such a trend was stronger in deciduous caries than in permanent caries,however,this kind of decreasing trend was not steady,because there was bounce during some year.Although the morbidity of dental caries in China is lower than the standard set by the World Health Organization,and the prevalence of dental caries decreased from 1991 to 2005,the prospect of epidemic dental caries in China is in no way optimistic.The total population with dental caries is still very large and the prevalence decreased unstably.Therefore,financial support on school oral health care should be increased,and a national school oral health service network should be set up.
基金the Research Fund for International Young Scientist Fund under Grant No.61750110520the Special Project for Guiding Local Science and Technology Development under Grant No.2018ZYYD006the Hubei Polytechnic University Laboratory Fund under Grant No.19XJK24R。
文摘Recently,the diagnoses of dental caries and other dental issues are in a queue as only X-ray-based techniques are available in most hospitals around the world.Terahertz(THz)parametric imaging(TPI)is the latest technology that can be applied for medical applications,especially dental caries.This technology is harmless and thus suitable for biological samples owing to the low energy of THz emission.In this paper,a developed TPI system is used to investigate the two-dimensional(2 D)and three-dimensional(3D)images of different samples from human teeth.After analyzing the measured images of human teeth,the results suggest that the THz parametric technology is capable of investigating the inner side structure of the teeth.This technique can be useful in detecting the defects in all types of human and animal teeth.The measurement and analytical calculations have been performed by using the TPI system and MATLAB,respectively,and both are in good agreement.The characteristics of THz waves and their interactions with the tooth samples are summarized.And the available THz-based technologies,such as TPI,and their potential applications of diagnoses are also presented.
文摘Although aluminum itself was reported to prevent dental caries, previous in vitro studies reported that the aluminum level in the whole saliva of children was independent of caries prevalence. Purposes of this study were to compare the elution levels of aluminum and calcium from deciduous enamel into acidic artificial saliva, and determine whether the degree of aluminum elution reflects individual caries risk. One hundred and eleven extracted human deciduous teeth were collected. Concentrations of aluminum and calcium eluted from sound regions of enamel into artificial saliva (pH 6.2 or 5.5) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. One hundred and four and 108 available data samples were obtained for aluminum and calcium evaluation, respectively, and were compared based on the sex, tooth type, caries history, and the number of the donor’s carious teeth at each pH. Calcium elution was not affected by the sex;however, more aluminum was eluted from boys’ than from girls’ teeth at pH 5.5. The aluminum release depended on the tooth type, and was significantly higher in incisors than in molars at a pH of 5.5. In relation to the caries history, aluminum (at pH 5.5) and calcium (at pH 6.2) dissolved more from sound regions of the enamel of caries-experienced teeth than from the enamel of teeth without caries experience. Moreover, aluminum markedly dissolved from enamel in artificial saliva at both pH 6.2 and 5.5 when the donor had more carious teeth, regardless of the presence or absence of caries experience in the sampled teeth. There is a possibility that the rate of aluminum elution from enamel into acidic fluid reflects individual caries sensitivity.
文摘<b><span>Background:</span></b><span> The patients’ age is considered a modified risk factor that causes periodontal disease, dental caries, and their development.</span><b><span> Objective:</span></b><span> The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of salivary pH value and dental caries index on periodontal status among adult age groups of patients from Aseer region, Saudi Arabia</span><span>.</span><span> </span><b><span>Methods:</span></b><span> A cross-sectional analysi</span><span>s carried out in the college of dentistry, King Khalid University on 750 </span><span>adult patients (400 males and 350 females). The adults patients were divided into three equal groups according to the patients’ age: group I (20 - 30 years), group I</span><span>I (31 - 40 years), and group III (41 - 50 years).</span><span> </span><span>Plaque index (PLI), gingi</span><span>val index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the dental caries index (DMFT)</span><span> recorded as w</span><span>ell as salivary pH. All findings collected, then analyzed by an</span><span> ANOVA test and the t</span><span>-test. A p-value at <0.05 was considered a statistical significance level.</span><span> </span><b><span>R</span></b><b><span>esults:</span></b><b><span> </span></b><span>The clinical findings of the current study showed that there were statistically significant differences in the patients’ age of both males and females. Moreover, there were statistically significant diffe</span><span>rences in GI. On the other hand, there were highly statistically significant differences in PLI and DMFS, but there were no significant differences</span><span> in CAL of both males and females </span><span>Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in salivary pH</span><span>.</span><span> </span><b><span>Conclusion:</span></b><span> We concluded that DMFT Index correlated to periodontal and oral hea</span><span>lth status and, it increased with the progression of the pat</span><span>ient’s age and</span><span> can be used in the epidemiological evaluation of periodontal and o</span><span>ral health status.
文摘Objective:To explore the curative effect of Carisolv,a minimally invasive caries removal technique and traditional mechanical caries removal treatment on children’s dental caries.Methods:A total of 97 children with dental caries who were treated in the Department of Stomatology in Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University,Chifeng from September 2017 to May 2019 were selected and recruited as the research subjects.They were divided into two groups by random number table method.Forty-nine individuals were assigned in the control group while the remaining 48 individuals in the observation group.The control group was treated with traditional mechanical caries removal method,and the observation group was treated with minimally invasive caries removal technique,i.e.Carisolv.Both groups were followed up for six months.The degree of pain,recovery time of dental function and complications after six months of treatment were observed in the two groups of children.Results:During the treatment,compared with the control group,the children in the observation group experienced lower degree of pain and had shorter recovery time of dental function.After six months of treatment,the incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with traditional mechanical caries removal method,Carisolv,a minimally invasive caries removal technique could reduce the pain of children during the treatment process,shorten the time to restore dental function,reduce the occurrence of complications,and had a better therapeutic effect in treating children’s dental caries.
文摘Background: School is a space where children are exposed to the social and psychosocial environment that can affect their health. In Senegal, the prevalence of dental caries is high in classic schools according to fragmented data, and unknown in the koranic school (Daaras). Objective: The objective is to describe the disparity of dental caries in the schoolchildren (talibes) of Daara of Koki. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 talibes aged 7 to 12 years. Dental caries and socio-demographic data were, respectively, collected by clinical examination and questionnaire. Results: The sex ratio was 9, the mean age of 9.9 ± 1.5 years and the mean length of stay in the Daara was 2.3 ± 1.1 years. The prevalence of dental caries was 47.4%. The average mixed DFMT index was 1.1 ± 1.5. The prevalence was 51.2% among boys, 60% among eight-year-old children and 37.4% among twelve-year-old children. By length of stay, the prevalence was 52.9% at the start and 22.2% at the end with a significant downward trend (p Conclusion: The study showed an unequally distributed of caries among talibes of Koki’s Daara. She suggests that oral health promotion policies are needed in Koranic schools and must rely on koranic teachers.
基金supported by grants from the Skaraborg County Council,the Swedish Dental Society,and the Swedish Patent Revenue Research Fund.
文摘This study aimed to assess whether birth weight is associated with dental caries during the teenage period. In this register-based cohort study, all children of 13 yrs of age (n = 18,142) who resided in the county of Stockholm, Sweden, in 2000 were included. The cohort was followed until individuals were 19 yrs of age. Information regarding dental caries was collected from the Public Health Care Administration in Stockholm. Data concerning prenatal and perinatal factors and parental socio-demographic determinants were collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and National Registers at Statistics Sweden. The final logistic regression model showed that birth weight (≥4000 g), adjusted for potential confounders, was significantly associated with caries increment (DMFT ≥ 1) between 13 and 19 yrs of age (OR: 1.29, 95% CI = 1.13 - 1.48). The relatively enhanced risk OR was further increased from 1.29 to 1.52 in sub- jects with birth weight (≥4600 g). On the contrary, subjects with birth weight (<2500 g) exhibited a sig- nificantly lower risk (OR: 0.67, 95% CI = 0.50 - 0.89) for exhibiting caries experience (DMFT ≥4) at 19 yrs of age. In conclusion, birth weight can be regarded as a predictor for dental caries and birth weight (≥4000 g) is especially a risk factor for caries increment during adolescence.
文摘Millions of people worldwide suffer from a toothache due to tooth cavity,and often permanent tooth loss.Dental caries,also known as tooth decay,is a biofilm-dependent infectious disease that damages teeth by minerals loss and presents a high incidence of clinical restorative polymeric fillings(tooth colored fillings).Until now,restorative polymeric fillings present no bioactivity.The complexity of oral biofilms contributes to the difficulty in developing effective novel dental materials.Nanotechnology has been explored in the development of bioactive dental materials to reduce or modulate the activities of caries-related bacteria.Nano-structured platforms based on calcium phosphate and metallic particles have advanced to impart an anti-caries potential to restorative materials.The bioactivity of these platforms induces prevention of mineral loss of the hard tooth structure and antibacterial activities against caries-related pathogens.It has been suggested that this bioactivity could minimize the incidence of caries around restorations(CARS)and increase the longevity of such filling materials.The last few years witnessed growing numbers of studies on the preparation evaluations of these novel materials.Herein,the caries disease process and the role of pathogenic caries-related biofilm,the increasing incidence of CARS,and the recent efforts employed for incorporation of bioactive nanoparticles in restorative polymer materials as useful strategies for prevention and management of caries-related-bacteria are discussed.We highlight the status of the most advanced and widely explored interaction of nanoparticle-based platforms and calcium phosphate compounds with an eye toward translating the potential of these approaches to the dental clinical reality.
文摘The study of twins provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the genetic and nongenetic contributions to a variance of multitude of traits.Twin research has revealed the impact of a strong genetic component to the variance of many dental traits.The present study was conducted to assess the dental caries and oral hygiene status in monozygotic(MZ)and dizygotic(DZ)twins.A random sample of 129 MZ and DZ twin pairs aged 6-15 years were included in this study.The zygosity of twin pairs was initially recorded by facial appearance and later determined by dermatoglyphics.Dental caries and oral hygiene status were recorded in these twin pairs and the data were subjected to statistical analysis.No significant difference was observed in the mean decayed,extracted due to caries and filled teeth(deft)in primary dentition and decayed,missing and filled(DMFT)in permanent dentition scores and oral hygiene status in MZ and DZ twin pair&The similarity observed in oral health status reflects the effects of a shared environment in MZ and DZ twin pairs.
文摘Background: The most prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide is oral health-related disease, with dental caries and periodontal conditions being common. Oral health status significantly impacts overall health and quality of life. Barriers to dental care affect children with special needs. This study evaluates the oral health status and treatment requirements of people with special needs. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study in Kumasi, Ghana examined oral health status among people, 121 children with special needs over two months, in June-July 2022. Dental caries, periodontal changes, malocclusion, and trauma were assessed. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The oral health status among people with special needs in this study was generally moderate, with a range from very good to very poor. The prevalence of dental caries was 37%, with a mean DMFT score of 2.82. Periodontal health showed unsatisfactory indicators such as mobile teeth, poor gingival health, high plaque scores, and the presence of halitosis. Conclusion: This descriptive study aimed to provide baseline data on the oral health status of special needs students in Kumasi, addressing the lack of knowledge in this area. It highlighted the importance of dental care in maintaining good oral health and overall well-being in individuals with special needs. Coordinated efforts by dental professionals are needed to provide dental health education and preventive interventions for these children.
文摘Background:Having the ability to identify potential health risk factors such as lifestyle,ethnicity,health status,and social determinants associated with oral health status risk,health care providers can take an active role in health screening to discover any need for clinical preventive services,including dental preventive services,and can detect health problems.Methods:A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the practice of common oral diseases among the patients visiting in the selected dental college and hospital in Bangladesh from October 2019 to December 2019.About 100 patients were interviewed through a semi-structured questionnaire,followed by an oral examination through a checklist and a face-to-face interview.A systematically random sampling technique was employed to select the study population.Results:Among them,the(21-30)year age group shows a maximum 20%,whereas the(71-80)year age group represents the minority with only 2%.Among them,56%were male and 44%were female.Students represent the majority of 26%,whereas others(day laborers)represent only 4%.Decayed teeth remained in 72%of cases,teeth were missing in 31%of cases,and filled teeth were present in 24%of cases.A majority of 71%clean teeth once daily,whereas only 29%clean teeth twice daily.Again,only 30%brush teeth at night and a maximum of 95%brush teeth in the morning.Moreover,a maximum of 68%use toothpaste and brushes,while only 4%use meswak for cleaning their teeth.About 4%of cases with no debris,51%of cases with less than 1/3rd of the tooth with debris,32%of cases with 1/3rd-2/3rd of the tooth with debris,and 13%of cases with more than 2/3rd of the tooth with debris were present.Again,about 30%had no calculus,52%less than 1/3rd of tooth,16%in between 1/3rd and 2/3rd of tooth,and 2%more than 2/3rd of the calculus was present.About 47%of mild,22%of moderate,6%of severe and 25%had no inflammation.Furthermore,for treatment purposes,20.69%was advised for scaling,19.66%for filling,16.90%for root canal treatment,17.59%for extraction,17.24%for prosthodontic treatment,1.03%for orthodontic treatment,2.07%for pulpotomy,2.41%for pulpectomy,and 2.41%for minor surgery.Overall,about 72%of the respondents,mostly the students,are suffering from decayed teeth,which may be due to a lack of frequency of brushing,indicating 95%that it is once daily.In addition,the most alarming situation among them is about 20.69%required scaling,which may be due to improper and inadequate brushing maintenance.Conclusion:to some extent,the above scenario may reflect the negative hallmark for our country’s younger generation in terms of oral health practice.Therefore,the establishment of a preventive oral health policy by our policymakers for the general population,mostly school-going students,on an emergency basis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82001106,81970918,81901043).
文摘Dental caries is one of the most prevalent human diseases resulting from tooth demineralization caused by acid production of bacteria plaque.It remains challenges for current practice to specifically identify,intervene and interrupt the development of caries while restoring defects.In this study,inspired by natural dental plaque,a stimuli-responsive multidrug delivery system(PMs@NaF-SAP)has been developed to prevent tooth decay and promote enamel restoration.Classic spherical core-shell structures of micelles dual-loaded with antibacterial and restorative agents are self-assembled into bacteria-responsive multidrug delivery system based on the pH-cleavable boronate ester bond,followed by conjugation with salivary-acquired peptide(SAP)to endow the nanoparticle with strong adhesion to tooth enamel.The constructed PMs@NaF-SAP specifically adheres to tooth,identifies cariogenic conditions and intelligently releases drugs at acidic pH,thereby providing antibacterial adhesion and cariogenic biofilm resistance,and restoring the microarchitecture and mechanical properties of demineralized teeth.Topical treatment with PMs@NaF-SAP effectively diminishes the onset and severity of caries without impacting oral microbiota diversity or surrounding mucosal tissues.These findings demonstrate this novel nanotherapy has potential as a promising biomedical application for caries prevention and tooth defect restoration while resisting biofilm-associated diseases in a controlled manner activated by pathological bacteria.
文摘Introduction: Pregnancy can be a risk factor for dental diseases as oral tissues are liable to changes due to hormonal variations. High levels of secretion of progesterone predispose gums tissues to inflammation leading to gingivitis. Also, oral pathologies in pregnant women can adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. This may be because pro-inflammatory cytokines are released into the system of the pregnant woman, which can reach the womb, causing harm to the baby. Pathogenic bacteria can also get into circulation leading to septicemia. This can cause abortion, preterm delivery, low birth weight, pre-eclampsia and many others. There is a high prevalence of oral diseases in pregnant women in developing countries, but just a few of them actually access dental care services. This is more rampant in countries with no oral health programs and where oral health is not included in the antenatal care package. Lack of knowledge about the importance of oral health to pregnancy outcome, cost of dental treatment, as well as fear of the effect of dental treatment on pregnancy, are among the barriers to pregnant women not accessing dental care services during pregnancy. Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess the oral health status among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Bamenda. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was carried out on 295 pregnant women attending ANC in Nkwen, Mankon, and Bamendankwen, which have specialized dental units and so all these pregnan</sp.
基金funded by a grant from Scientific Research in the Public Interest(201502002)conducted by the Department of Preventive Dentistry,West China Hospital of Stomatology,Sichuan University,China
文摘To investigate oral health status in the residents of Sichuan Province, southwest China, a cross-sectional study was performed using the latest Oral Health Survey Basic Methods recommended by the World Health Organization. A multistage stratified random cluster-sampling method was used to enroll participants from the following three groups: children aged 3–5 years,adolescents aged 12 years, and people aged 65–74 years. In these three groups, the mean numbers of teeth that were affected by caries were 3.28, 0.86 and 5.13, respectively, resulting in a prevalence of 63.47%, 37.20% and 83.20%, respectively.Relative to the high rate of decayed teeth, the prevalence of fillings was very low in all age groups(0.97%, 7.24% and 5.43%,respectively). In the 12-year-old adolescent group, only 3.61% had good pit and fissure sealing. In addition, the rate of dental fluorosis was 24.80%, and the Community Fluorosis Index value was 0.39. In the elder group, the community periodontal index was2.92. The prevalence in the elderly of having lost at least one tooth was 75.54%. Additionally, 4.44% of these participants were edentulous. The incidence of dental prosthesis was 51.75%, the proportion with a removable partial denture, a fixed denture, full dentures, dental implants and an informal fixed bridge was 21.59%, 11.45%, 4.64%, 0 and 16.67%, respectively. In this study,8.2% of the elderly participants were affected by different types of oral mucosal lesions. Among such lesions, recurrent aphthous ulcers were most prevalent(2.69%) and oral lichen planuses were second(1.6%). The conclusion presented in this survey is that oral diseases, especially dental caries and periodontal disease, are frequent and common in Sichuan province, China. Moreover, the treatment rate is very low, and primary prevention and treatment options are therefore urgently needed in this population.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos 31300674,81173093,30970643,81373311 and J1103518)the Special Programme for Youth Science and the Technology Innovative Research Group of Sichuan Province,China (No 2011JTD0026)
文摘Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases and is caused by acid fermentation of bacteria adhered to the teeth.Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) utilizes sortase A(Srt A) to anchor surface proteins to the cell wall and forms a biofilm to facilitate its adhesion to the tooth surface. Some plant natural products, especially several flavonoids, are effective inhibitors of Srt A. However, given the limited number of inhibitors and the development of drug resistance, the discovery of new inhibitors is urgent. Here, the high-throughput virtual screening approach was performed to identify new potential inhibitors of S. mutans Srt A. Two libraries were used for screening, and nine compounds that had the lowest scores were chosen for further molecular dynamics simulation, binding free energy analysis and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity(ADMET)properties analysis. The results revealed that several similar compounds composed of benzofuran, thiadiazole and pyrrole, which exhibited good affinities and appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters, were potential inhibitors to impede the catalysis of Srt A.In addition, the carbonyl of these compounds can have a key role in the inhibition mechanism. These findings can provide a new strategy for microbial infection disease therapy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2016YFC1102700(X.Z.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 81372889(LC)+2 种基金81600858(BR)and 81430011(XZ)the Recruitment Program for Young Professionals(MF)the Youth Grant of the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province,China2017JQ0028(L.C.)
文摘Dental caries are the most prevalent chronic infections in the oral cavity, and Streptococcus mutans acts as the main cariogenic bacterial species. Antibacterial quaternary ammonium compounds(QAs) have been developed to preve Fnt or treat dental caries.However, there is no report on the tolerance of S. mutans to QAs. In this study, we investigated the development of S. mutans persistence induced by a novel dental caries defensive agent, dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate(DMADDM), for the first time.Typical biphasic killing kinetics for persisters were observed in both S. mutans planktonic and biofilm cultures challenged by DMADDM at concentrations of 20 and 200 μg·m L^(-1), respectively. The persisters tolerated six other antibiotics with different antibacterial mechanisms, while only daptomycin and vancomycin could slightly reduce the persister numbers in planktonic cultures. The distribution of persisters in DMADDM-treated biofilms was similar to that in the untreated control, except that the total biomass and biofilm height were significantly reduced. A higher exopolysaccharides(EPS):bacteria ratio was observed in DMADDM-treated biofilms. Persisters in biofilms significantly upregulated gtf gene expression, indicating an increase in the bacteria's ability to produce EPS and an elevated capability of cariogenic virulence. Carbon source metabolism was significantly reduced, as related metabolic genes were all downregulated in persisters. Concentrations of 0.1 m M, 1 m M and 10 m M of extra glucose significantly reduced the number of persisters both in planktonic and biofilm conditions. The formation of noninheritable and multidrug tolerant persisters induced by DMADDM suggested that drug tolerance and new persistent eradication strategies should be considered for oral antibacterial agents.
文摘Background:There is overwhelming evidence that periodontal disease and dental caries affect the majority of populations and that western culture and lifestyle may have a profound influence on oral health,especially in adults.The present study was performed to determine the effect of westernization on the oral health of college students of Udaipur City,Rajasthan.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students attending various professional and non-professional bachelor's degree colleges of Udaipur City,Rajasthan,India,from March 2013 to May 2013.Eight hundred students were selected based on a two-stage random sampling procedure.Westernization was assessed by a self-administered structured questionnaire.Periodontal status,dental caries status and malocclusion were assessed according to World Health Organization(WHO) criteria(1997).Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and Multivariate logistic regression.The confidence level and level of significance were set at 95% and 5%,respectively.Results:The present study suggested that adverse habits,listening to English music and preferring English food had a significant association with dental caries and periodontal diseases.Malocclusion also showed a significant relationship with consuming English food for snacks and desserts.Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly greater odds ratio(OR) for periodontal disease and dental caries among those who preferred English food for lunch.Conclusion:Based on the results of the present study,there is an association between westernization and oral health.
文摘Sports and energy drinks are consumed by more peoplethan ever. Sports and energy drinks may enhance physical resistance, stimulate metabolism, prevent rehydration and replace electrolytes during high activity efforts. However, these drinks often have a low pH and are acidic, which can erode enamel and dentin, and increase dentine hypersensitivity. In addition to the adverse effects of sports and energy drinks on tooth structures, they often have the potential to damage restorative materials. These drinks often contain artificial colors which have potential to discolor resin composite materials and glass ionomers. The acidic nature of these drinks could also lead to a degradation, increase in wear, and roughening of the surface of the restorative materials. Many of the negative consequences of sport and energy drinks can be related to their overconsumption among children and teenagers. Patients should be advised to have a healthy diet, and consume soft and energy drinks in moderation, to avoid any negative dental or health consequences. The overconsumption of sports and energy drinks which are high in sugar and have the lowest pH are most likely to cause avoidable dental problems.
文摘Background: The well-established DMFT index has been used for over 75 years as a key for measuring dental caries in dentistry. DMFT is applied to permanent dentition and expressed as the total number of teeth decayed (D), missing (M), or filled (F), tooth (T) in an individual. Objectives: The objective of this study is to build a mathematical model for the existing DMFT index and compare its parameters by suggested new mathematical model. Mathematical Models: Fixed Model: Is a mathematical model for the existing DMFT index and will be considered as fixed model;in which all individuals under screening will have the same probability θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤1 of dental caries. In this fixed model the unit of the screening is the individual, and will be evaluated for caries as a dichotomous (0, 1) variable. Random Model: The new suggested model is a random model that suggests a mouth of an individual as an environment and the tooth is a unit of research. In this random model, only the teeth in one mouth have the same probability θ, 0 ≤ θi ≤ 1 where i =1, 2...,k ;number of screening individuals. Expected Outcome: Mathematically, the fixed model will highlight what the value 1 will hide as information and hence this may explain why the average of DMFT is may be overestimated for any sample studied using fixed model. The random model will yield a cumulative weighed probability on the function of the number of teeth screened per mouth θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 1, hence the average DMFT index will be weighed against the number of teeth screened per all subjects. Conclusion: The random model yields an average and more realistic expected value for the population studied. Furthermore, in such model, it is easy to estimate the variance and it is obvious that this model yields the smallest variance.
