Objective:To explore the effect of sustained-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) on ectopic osteogenesis in the muscle pouches of rats through preparing rhBMP-2 sustained-release capsules b...Objective:To explore the effect of sustained-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) on ectopic osteogenesis in the muscle pouches of rats through preparing rhBMP-2 sustained-release capsules by wrapping morphogenesis protein bones-2(BMP-2)using chitosan nanoparticles,and compositing collagen materials.Methods:Twenty four SpragueDawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with six rats in each group,that is Group A(control group),Group B(only treated with collagen),Group C(rhBMP-2+collagen treated group) and Group D(rhBMP-2/cs+collagen treated group).The composite materials for each group were implanted in the bilateral peroneal muscle pouches in rats.The peroneal muscles were only separated without implanting any materials in control group.Rats were sacrificed 2 weeks and 4 weeks post treatment and samples were cut off for general observation,Micro CT scans and histological observation.Results:General observation showed no new bone formation in Groups A and B mice,while new bones were formed in Groups C and D mice.Two weeks after treatment Micro CT scans showed that The bone volume fraction(BVF),trabecular thickness(Tb. Th),bone mineral density(BMD) in Group C mice were all higher than that in Group D(P<0.05). At the fourth week,the BVK,Tb.Th and BMD were significantly higher than that at the second week(P<0.01).Conclusions:The slow-release effect of rhBMP-2/cs sustained-release capsules can significantly promote ectopic osteogenesis.Its bone formation effect is better than that of rhBMP-2 burst-release group.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the synergistic effect and mechanism of the combined application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF).Methods:24 KM male mice wer...Objective:To investigate the synergistic effect and mechanism of the combined application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF).Methods:24 KM male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 mice in each group,namely,Group A(control group),Group B(only treated with collagen),Group C(treated with2 ng bFGF+collagen).Group D(treated with 4μg rhBMP-2+collagen),Group E(treated with 4 μg rhBMP-2+2 ng bFGF+collagen) and Group F(treated with 4 μg rhBMP-2+4 ng bFGF+collagem.The composites were implanted into the intermuscular septum of hind legs mice:whereas in control group,intermuscular septum of mice was separated and no implantation was performed.General observation,detection of concentration of calcium content,micro computed tomography(Micro-CT).three-dimensional reconstruction scan.measurement of bone mineral density(BMD).bone volume fraction(BVF) and trabecular thickness(Tb.Th).as well as histological observation with HE staining and ALP and CD34 immumohistochemical staining were performed.Results:Ectopic osteogenesis was found in Groups D.F and F mice.The difference in concentration of calcium contents was statistically significant between Groups D and E(P<0.05),but insignificant between Groups E and F(P>0.05).Micro-CT and three-dimensional reconstruction revealed continuous newborn bone substance in external surface of ectopic bone formation,and the center of bone formation did not show obvious substantial filling by bone substance.The differences in BMD,BVF and Tb.Th were statistically significant between Groups D and E or F(P<0.01 or <0.05).HE staining showed that in Groups D.E and F.newborn bone substance was mainly located at the edge of ectopic bone formation,and the bone formation in Groups E and F was better than that in Group D.ALP and CD34 immumohistochemical staining revealed the positive expression mainly at the edge of ectopic bone formation,and area of positive expression in Groups E and F was larger than that in Groups D.Conclusions:rhBMP-2 possesses the capacity to induce ectopic osteogenesis independently,but bFGF does not have this ability;the combined application of rhBMP-2 and bFGF can enhance the synergetic effect on inducing ectopic osteogenesis.展开更多
To experimentally evaluate the ectopic osteogenetic capacity of synthesized BMP2-derived peptide P24 combined with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), Wistar rats were di- vided into two groups: group A, in which BMP...To experimentally evaluate the ectopic osteogenetic capacity of synthesized BMP2-derived peptide P24 combined with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), Wistar rats were di- vided into two groups: group A, in which BMP2-derived peptide P24/PLGA complex was implanted, and group B which received simple PLGA implant. The complex was respectively implanted into the back muscles of rats. Samples were taken the 1st, 4th, 8th, and the 12th week after the implantation. Their bone formation was detected by X-ray examination, and tissue response was histologically ob- served. Western blotting was used for the detection of the expression of collagen Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ) and osteopontin (OPN). There was acute inflammation in the tissue around both types of implants at early stage. The cartilage was found around implant areas 4 weeks after the implantation of BMP2-derived peptide p24/PLGA complex, 8 weeks after the implantation, osteoblasts were found, and 12 weeks after the implantation, typical trabecular bone structure was observed. In group B, after 12 weeks, no osteoblasts were found. It is concluded that PLGA is an ideal scaffold material for bone tissue engi- neering. BMP2-derived peptide can start endochondral ossification and is more effective in inducing ectopic osteogenesis.展开更多
This editorial discusses the article written by Zheng et al that was published in the latest edition of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.Our primary focus is on the causes,location,diagnosis,histological ...This editorial discusses the article written by Zheng et al that was published in the latest edition of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.Our primary focus is on the causes,location,diagnosis,histological classification,and therapy of ectopic pancreas.Ectopic pancreas refers to the presence of pancreatic tissue that is situated in a location outside its usual anatomical placement,and is not connected to the normal pancreas in terms of blood supply or anatomical struc-ture.Currently,the embryological origin of ectopic pancreas remains uncertain.The most prevalent form of ectopic pancreatic is gastric ectopic pancreas.Endoscopic ultrasonography examination can visualize the morphological charac-teristics of the ectopic pancreatic lesion and pinpoint its anatomical location.The histological categorization of ectopic pancreas evolves.Endoscopic treatment has been widely advocated in ectopic pancreas.展开更多
The pancreatic development variations are relatively frequent but are often overlooked in clinical practice.This is due to the fact that they do not present with a distinct clinical picture and are usually asymptomati...The pancreatic development variations are relatively frequent but are often overlooked in clinical practice.This is due to the fact that they do not present with a distinct clinical picture and are usually asymptomatic.It also refers to the ectopic pancreatic tissue in the stomach.This anomaly can be diagnosed in any part of the digestive system,but it is mostly seen in the upper gastrointestinal tract,especially in the stomach,duodenum and jejunum.The management of this condition has evolved due to the development of minimally invasive procedures.展开更多
Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, estimated to occur in 1% - 2% of pregnancies worldwide. This condition also has an adverse effect on the fertility prospects of women...Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, estimated to occur in 1% - 2% of pregnancies worldwide. This condition also has an adverse effect on the fertility prospects of women who experience it. Objective: To determine the outcomes of subsequent spontaneous fertility after medical treatment of patients with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with ectopic pregnancy at two university teaching hospitals of Yaounde. Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection in two university teaching hospitals of Yaounde during a six years period from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2015 to 31<sup>st</sup> May 2021. Seventy records of patients who had medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy were included in this study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. 23. The Chi-2 statistical test was used to compare qualitative variables. Binary logistic regression method was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with infertility after medical treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy (TEP). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age in our study population was 27.8 ± 3.8 years. According to the past medical history, 52.9% had a pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and the most frequently germ found was C. trachomatis (47.1%). Almost 15% of our study population had previous surgery for EP. The median Fernandez score was 11 with a minimum score of 4 and a maximum score of 13. The route of administration of methotrexate was intramuscular in all our patients, and the single-dose protocol was used most frequently (58.6%). After medical treatment of the EP, we found a spontaneous conception rate of 58.6%. After multivariate analysis, we were unable to confirm that there was an association between a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and fertility prognosis. Conclusion: The spontaneous fertility rate after medical management of EP was 58.6%, of which 73.2% were term pregnancies and 14.6% were recurrent ectopic pregnancies.展开更多
Introduction: The aim of this study was to contribute to improving the quality of GEUR management in the general surgery department and in the maternity ward of the Ignace Deen national hospital, Conakry University Ho...Introduction: The aim of this study was to contribute to improving the quality of GEUR management in the general surgery department and in the maternity ward of the Ignace Deen national hospital, Conakry University Hospital. Methodology: This was a retrospective, descriptive study lasting two years (January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022), carried out in the general surgery and gyneco-obstetrics departments of the Ignace Deen national hospital, Conakry University Hospital. We included all patients with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy who received surgical treatment during the study period. Results: We collected 13,524 cases of surgical interventions in the two services, among them, we recorded 89 cases or 0.66% GEUR. The average age of the patients was 24.26 years. Brides were the most represented with 80.96% of cases. Women practicing a liberal profession were 51.69% (n = 46) and housewives 26.97% (n = 24). Clinically, amenorrhea was noted in all patients, i.e. 100%, abdominal-pelvic pain in 95.2% (n = 85) of cases, metrorrhagia in 94.08% (n = 84), abdominal-pelvic sensitivity in 97.44% (n = 87) of cases and anemia in 85.39% of cases. The GEUR was ampullary in 69.66% (n = 62) cases. Salpingectomy was performed in 90.72% (n = 81). The surgical outcomes were satisfactory in 98.87% (n = 88) of cases. We recorded one case of surgical site infection. We have not recorded any deaths. The average length of hospitalization was 4 days. Conclusion: GEUR is relatively high in our context. A good understanding of the prognostic factors of GEUR, awareness and family planning could reduce GEUR.展开更多
BACKGROUND A major problem in the healing of bone defects is insufficient or absent blood supply within the defect.To overcome this challenging problem,a plethora of approaches within bone tissue engineering have been...BACKGROUND A major problem in the healing of bone defects is insufficient or absent blood supply within the defect.To overcome this challenging problem,a plethora of approaches within bone tissue engineering have been developed recently.Bearing in mind that the interplay of various diffusible factors released by endothelial cells(ECs)and osteoblasts(OBs)have a pivotal role in bone growth and regeneration and that adjacent ECs and OBs also communicate directly through gap junctions,we set the focus on the simultaneous application of these cell types together with platelet-rich plasma(PRP)as a growth factor reservoir within ectopic bone tissue engineering constructs.AIM To vascularize and examine osteogenesis in bone tissue engineering constructs enriched with PRP and adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs)induced into ECs and OBs.METHODS ASCs isolated from adipose tissue,induced in vitro into ECs,OBs or just expanded were used for implant construction as followed:BPEO,endothelial and osteogenic differentiated ASCs with PRP and bone mineral matrix;BPUI,uninduced ASCs with PRP and bone mineral matrix;BC(control),only bone mineral matrix.At 1,2,4 and 8 wk after subcutaneous implantation in mice,implants were extracted and endothelial-related and bone-related gene expression were analyzed,while histological analyses were performed after 2 and 8 wk.RESULTS The percentage of vascularization was significantly higher in BC compared to BPUI and BPEO constructs 2 and 8 wk after implantation.BC had the lowest endothelial-related gene expression,weaker osteocalcin immunoexpression and Spp1 expression compared to BPUI and BPEO.Endothelial-related gene expression and osteocalcin immunoexpression were higher in BPUI compared to BC and BPEO.BPEO had a higher percentage of vascularization compared to BPUI and the highest CD31 immunoexpression among examined constructs.Except Vwf,endothelial-related gene expression in BPEO had a later onset and was upregulated and well-balanced during in vivo incubation that induced late onset of Spp1 expression and pronounced osteocalcin immunoexpression at 2 and 8 wk.Tissue regression was noticed in BPEO constructs after 8 wk.CONCLUSION Ectopically implanted BPEO constructs had a favorable impact on vascularization and osteogenesis,but tissue regression imposed the need for discovering a more optimal EC/OB ratio prior to considerations for clinical applications.展开更多
The macro-pore sizes of porous scaffold play a key role for regulating ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis but many researches ignored the influence of interconnection between macro-pores with different sizes.In ord...The macro-pore sizes of porous scaffold play a key role for regulating ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis but many researches ignored the influence of interconnection between macro-pores with different sizes.In order to accurately reveal the relationship between ectopic osteogenesis and macro-pore sizes in dorsal muscle and abdominal cavities of dogs,hydroxyapatite(HA)scaffolds with three different macro-pore sizes of 500–650,750–900 and 1100–1250 mm were prepared via sugar spheres-leaching process,which also had similar interconnecting structure determined by keeping the d/s ratio of interconnecting window diameter to macro-pore size constant.The permeability test showed that the seepage flow of fluid through the porous scaffolds increased with the increase of macro-pore sizes.The cell growth in three scaffolds was not affected by the macro-pore sizes.The in vivo ectopic implantation results indicated that the macro-pore sizes of HA scaffolds with the similar interconnecting structure have impact not only the speed of osteogenesis and angiogenesis but also the space distribution of newly formed bone.The scaffold with macro-pore sizes of 750–900 mm exhibited much faster angiogenesis and osteogenesis,and much more uniformly distribution of new bone than those with othermacro-pore sizes.This work illustrates the importance of a suitable macro-pore sizes in HA scaffolds with the similar interconnecting structure which provides the environment for ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ectopic pregnancy(EP) is one of the most common acute abdominal diseases in gynecology. Once the condition of EP is delayed, it may lead to massive hemorrhage, shock, and even death in a short time, serious...BACKGROUND Ectopic pregnancy(EP) is one of the most common acute abdominal diseases in gynecology. Once the condition of EP is delayed, it may lead to massive hemorrhage, shock, and even death in a short time, seriously threatening the patient’s life. Early diagnosis is the key to preventing and improving the prognosis of EP.Transabdominal ultrasound(TAS) and transvaginal ultrasound(TVS) are the main diagnostic methods for abdominal diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore the application value and effect of TAS and TVS in the diagnosis of EP,hoping to provide more valuable references for the diagnosis of EP.AIM To explore the application value of TAS and TVS in the diagnosis of EP and to improve the level of clinical diagnosis.METHODS A total of 140 patients with EP admitted to our hospital from July 2018 to July 2020 were selected for this study. All patients were divided into two groups according to the examination methods. 63 patients who underwent abdominal ultrasound examination were set as the TAS group, while 77 patients who underwent TVS examination were set as the TVS group. We compared the diagnostic accuracy and misdiagnosis rates between the two types of ultrasound examinations, as well as the postoperative pathological results of the two diagnostic methods for different types of ectopic pregnancies. We also analyzed the sonograms for the presence of mixed ectopic masses,adnexal masses, ectopic gestational sacs, the presence or absence of visible embryo and fetal heart in the ectopic sac shadow, and the detection of fluid in the rectal fossa of the uterus, such as the adnexal area, yolk sac, and embryo, etc. In addition, the diagnosis time, days of gestational sac appearance, operation time, endometrial thickness, and blood flow resistance index were compared as well.RESULTS After performing both types of ultrasound examinations in 140 patients with EP, we found that the diagnostic accuracy of TVS was significantly higher than that of TAS, and the misdiagnosis rate was significantly lower than that of TAS. The differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). In addition, the detection rate of TVS was better than that of TAS for the presence of mixed masses,adnexal masses, ectopic gestational sacs, the presence or absence of visible embryo and fetal heart in the shadow of the ectopic sac, and sonograms such as the adnexal area, yolk sac, and embryo,etc. The coincidence rate of its postoperative pathological examination results was significantly higher than those of TAS. The diagnosis time and the days of gestational sac appearance by TVS were significantly shorter than that by TAS, and the operation time was earlier than that by TAS.What’s more, the detection rates of the endometrial thickness ￡ 1.5 mm and blood flow resistance ￡0.5 were significantly higher in TVS diagnosis of EP than in TAS. All differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with TAS, TVS has the advantages of high detection accuracy and good sonogram performance.展开更多
As the major cell precursors in osteogenesis, mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are indispensable for bone homeostasis and development. However, the primary mechanisms regulating osteogenic differentiation are controversia...As the major cell precursors in osteogenesis, mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are indispensable for bone homeostasis and development. However, the primary mechanisms regulating osteogenic differentiation are controversial. Composed of multiple constituent enhancers, super enhancers(SEs) are powerful cis-regulatory elements that identify genes that ensure sequential differentiation. The present study demonstrated that SEs were indispensable for MSC osteogenesis and involved in osteoporosis development. Through integrated analysis, we identified the most common SE-targeted and osteoporosis-related osteogenic gene,ZBTB16. ZBTB16, positively regulated by SEs, promoted MSC osteogenesis but was expressed at lower levels in osteoporosis.Mechanistically, SEs recruited bromodomain containing 4(BRD4) at the site of ZBTB16, which then bound to RNA polymerase IIassociated protein 2(RPAP2) that transported RNA polymerase Ⅱ(POL Ⅱ) into the nucleus. The subsequent synergistic regulation of POL Ⅱ carboxyterminal domain(CTD) phosphorylation by BRD4 and RPAP2 initiated ZBTB16 transcriptional elongation, which facilitated MSC osteogenesis via the key osteogenic transcription factor SP7. Bone-targeting ZBTB16 overexpression had a therapeutic effect on the decreased bone density and remodeling capacity of Brd4^(fl/fl)Prx1-cre mice and osteoporosis(OP) models.Therefore, our study shows that SEs orchestrate the osteogenesis of MSCs by targeting ZBTB16 expression, which provides an attractive focus and therapeutic target for osteoporosis.展开更多
Background: Heterotopic pregnancy is a very rare event in a natural cycle. Its incidence is rising mostly due to induction of ovulation or Assisted Reproductive Technique. Most ectopic in heterotopic pregnancies are l...Background: Heterotopic pregnancy is a very rare event in a natural cycle. Its incidence is rising mostly due to induction of ovulation or Assisted Reproductive Technique. Most ectopic in heterotopic pregnancies are localized in the fallopian tubes. The occurrence of molar tubal ectopic pregnancy coexisting with intrauterine pregnancy is uncommon and consequently not often considered a diagnostic possibility. Case Report: We report the case of a 25-year-old woman, gravida 4 para 1, who complained of vaginal spotting and lower abdominal pain after 6 weeks of amenorrhea following clomiphene citrate ovarian stimulation. Transvaginal Ultrasonography revealed an intrauterine pregnancy and an unruptured left tubal ectopic pregnancy. She underwent successful laparoscopic salpingectomy while the intra-uterine pregnancy was allowed to continue. The ectopic pregnancy tissue histology reported an ectopic partial molar pregnancy. She subsequently had a normal vaginal delivery at 39 weeks and 3 days and her follow-up was uneventful. Conclusion: Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare but life-threatening condition. It should be suspected in a pregnant woman with a risk factor of multiple gestations who presents vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain in the context of early pregnancy. Laparoscopic surgery is effective for confirming the diagnosis and treating the ectopic component. Routine histological examination of tubal specimens must be taken very seriously because some findings like molar pregnancies may require specific management.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric ectopic pancreas(GEP)is a rare developmental abnormality that refers to the existence of pancreatic tissue in the stomach with no anatomical relationship with the main pancreas.It is usually difficu...BACKGROUND Gastric ectopic pancreas(GEP)is a rare developmental abnormality that refers to the existence of pancreatic tissue in the stomach with no anatomical relationship with the main pancreas.It is usually difficult to diagnose through histological examination,and the choice of treatment method is crucial.AIM To describe the endoscopic ultrasound characteristics of GEP and evaluate the value of laparoscopic resection(LR)and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).METHODS Forty-nine patients with GEP who underwent ESD and LR in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from May 2018 to July 2023 were retrospectively included.Data on clinical characteristics,endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS),ESD,and LR were collected and analyzed.The characteristics of EUS and the efficacy of the two treatments were analyzed.RESULTS The average age of the patients was 43.31±13.50 years,and the average maximum diameter of the lesions was 1.55±0.70 cm.The lesion originated from the mucosa in one patient(2.04%),from the submucosa in 42 patients(85.71%),and from the muscularis propria in 6 patients(12.25%).Twenty-nine patients(59.20%)with GEP showed umbilical depression on endoscopy.The most common initial symptom of GEP was abdominal pain(40.82%).Tumor markers,including carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),were generally within the normal range.One patient(2.04%)with GEP had increased CEA and CA-19-9 levels.However,no cancer tissue was found on postoperative pathological examination,and tumor markers returned to normal levels after resecting the lesion.There was no significant difference in surgery duration(72.42±23.84 vs 74.17±12.81 min)or hospital stay(3.70±0.91 vs 3.83±0.75 d)between the two methods.LR was more often used for patients with larger tumors and deeper origins.The amount of bleeding was significantly higher in LR than in ESD(11.28±16.87 vs 16.67±8.76 mL,P<0.05).Surgery was associated with complete resection of the lesion without any serious complications;there were no cases of recurrence during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION GEP has unique characteristics in EUS.LR and ESD seem to be good choices for treating GEP.LR is better for large GEP with a deep origin.However,due to the rarity of GEP,multicenter large-scale studies are needed to describe its characteristics and evaluate the safety of LR and ESD.展开更多
Objective Osteogenesis is vitally important for bone defect repair,and Zuo Gui Wan(ZGW)is a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for strengthening bones.However,the specific mechanism by which ZGW ...Objective Osteogenesis is vitally important for bone defect repair,and Zuo Gui Wan(ZGW)is a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for strengthening bones.However,the specific mechanism by which ZGW regulates osteogenesis is still unclear.The current study is based on a network pharmacology analysis to explore the potential mechanism of ZGW in promoting osteogenesis.Methods A network pharmacology analysis followed by experimental validation was applied to explore the potential mechanisms of ZGW in promoting the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Results In total,487 no-repeat targets corresponding to the bioactive components of ZGW were screened,and 175 target genes in the intersection of ZGW and osteogenesis were obtained.And 28 core target genes were then obtained from a PPI network analysis.A GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the relevant biological processes mainly involve the cellular response to chemical stress,metal ions,and lipopolysaccharide.Additionally,KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that multiple signaling pathways,including the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signaling pathway,were associated with ZGW-promoted osteogensis.Further experimental validation showed that ZGW could increase alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity as well as the mRNA and protein levels of ALP,osteocalcin(OCN),and runt related transcription factor 2(Runx 2).What’s more,Western blot analysis results showed that ZGW significantly increased the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT,and the increases of these protein levels significantly receded after the addition of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.Finally,the upregulated osteogenic-related indicators were also suppressed by the addition of LY294002.Conclusion ZGW promotes the osteogenesis of BMSCs via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.展开更多
Although tocopherols are essential for rice development,the molecular details by which their absence affects development remain to be determined.To study how tocopherols function during rice development,we performed a...Although tocopherols are essential for rice development,the molecular details by which their absence affects development remain to be determined.To study how tocopherols function during rice development,we performed a transcriptome deep sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis of the rice cultivar Nipponbare(Nip)and the tocopherol-deficient mutant small grain and dwarf 1-2(sgd1-2).We identified 563 differentially expressed genes that were enriched in Gene Ontology categories associated with metabolism,stress,cellular responses,and transcriptional regulation.We determined that the total fatty acid composition of Nip and sgd1-2 was comparable,although cell membrane penetrability in sgd1-2 was significantly higher than in Nip under optimal growth conditions,indicating that tocopherol deficiency induces cell membrane damage.The expression levels of dehydration-responsive element binding 1(DREB1)genes and free proline content in sgd1-2 were also higher than those in Nip.We also showed that the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1(SLR1)accumulated in sgd1-2,resulting in significant changes in the global transcriptome.Our study confirms that the lack of tocopherol accumulation in rice induced ectopic stress responses and limited growth by enhancing SLR1 abundance through increasing SLR1 transcript levels.These results provide new insights into tocopherol during rice development.展开更多
Osteogenesis imperfecta(OI)is a genetically heterogeneous monogenic disease characterized by decreased bone mass,bone fragility,and recurrent fractures.The phenotypic spectrum varies considerably ranging from prenatal...Osteogenesis imperfecta(OI)is a genetically heterogeneous monogenic disease characterized by decreased bone mass,bone fragility,and recurrent fractures.The phenotypic spectrum varies considerably ranging from prenatal fractures with lethal outcomes to mild forms with few fractures and normal stature.The basic mechanism is a collagen-related defect,not only in synthesis but also in folding,processing,bone mineralization,or osteoblast function.In recent years,great progress has been made in identifying new genes and molecular mechanisms underlying OI.In this context,the classification of OI has been revised several times and different types are used.The Sillence classification,based on clinical and radiological characteristics,is currently used as a grading of clinical severity.Based on the metabolic pathway,the functional classification allows identifying regulatory elements and targeting specific therapeutic approaches.Genetic classification has the advantage of identifying the inheritance pattern,an essential element for genetic counseling and prophylaxis.Although genotype-phenotype correlations may sometimes be challenging,genetic diagnosis allows a personalized management strategy,accurate family planning,and pregnancy management decisions including options for mode of delivery,or early antenatal OI treatment.Future research on molecular pathways and pathogenic variants involved could lead to the development of genotype-based therapeutic approaches.This narrative review summarizes our current understanding of genes,molecular mechanisms involved in OI,classifications,and their utility in prophylaxis.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg) and its alloys have been intensively studied to develop the next generation of bone implants recently, but their clinical application is restricted by rapid degradation and unsatisfied osteogenic effect ...Magnesium(Mg) and its alloys have been intensively studied to develop the next generation of bone implants recently, but their clinical application is restricted by rapid degradation and unsatisfied osteogenic effect in vivo. A bioactive chemical conversion Mg-phenolic networks complex coating(e EGCG) was stepwise incorporated by epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) and exogenous Mg^(2+)on Mg-2Zn magnesium alloy. Simplex EGCG induced chemical conversion coating(c EGCG) was set as compare group. The in vitro corrosion behavior of Mg-2Zn alloy, c EGCG and e EGCG was evaluated in SBF using electrochemical(PDP, EIS) and immersion test. The cytocompatibility was investigated with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(r BMSCs). Furthermore, the in vivo tests using a rabbit model involved micro computed tomography(Micro-CT) analysis, histological observation, and interface analysis. The results showed that the e EGCG is Mgphenolic multilayer coating incorporated Mg-phenolic networks, which is rougher, more compact and much thicker than c EGCG. The e EGCG highly improved the corrosion resistance of Mg-2Zn alloy, combined with its lower average hemolytic ratios, continuous high scavenging effect ability and relatively moderate contact angle features, resulting in a stable and suitable biological environment, obviously promoted r BMSCs adhesion and proliferation. More importantly, Micro-CT, histological and interface elements distribution evaluations all revealed that the e EGCG effectively inhibited degradation and enhanced bone tissue formation of Mg alloy implants. This study puts forward a promising bioactive chemical conversion coating with Mg-phenolic networks for the application of biodegradable orthopedic implants.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ectopic pancreas may be unfamiliar to many people because it is rare and difficult to diagnose.However,this disease is highly susceptible to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.In this article,we report two c...BACKGROUND Ectopic pancreas may be unfamiliar to many people because it is rare and difficult to diagnose.However,this disease is highly susceptible to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.In this article,we report two cases of pancreatic heterotopia in the gastric sinus and small intestine,respectively,both of which were confirmed by histopathological examination.CASE SUMMARY The first patient was a 43-year-old female which reported abdominal distension for 2 mo.The second was a 67-year-old female who experienced intermittent epigastric discomfort for 15 d.In both cases,there was no confirmed preoperative examination,and the postoperative pathology indicated the presence of ectopic pancreas.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of ectopic pancreas is difficult,and is often prone to misdiagnosis and the possibility of being overlooked.Various laboratory tests and imaging tests should be carefully evaluated before surgery to achieve early detection,early diagnosis and early treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cervical pregnancies,interstitial tubal pregnancies,and cesarean scar pregnancies,which are ectopic pregnancies with intrauterine implantation sites exhibit increasing trends with the recent widespread use ...BACKGROUND Cervical pregnancies,interstitial tubal pregnancies,and cesarean scar pregnancies,which are ectopic pregnancies with intrauterine implantation sites exhibit increasing trends with the recent widespread use of assisted reproductive technologies and increased rate of cesarean deliveries.The development of highsensitivity human chorionic gonadotropin testing reagents and the increased precision of transvaginal ultrasonic tomography have made early diagnosis possible and have enabled treatment.Removal of ectopic pregnancies using methotrexate therapy and/or uterine artery embolization has been reported.However,delayed resumption of infertility treatments after methotrexate therapy is indicated,and negative effects on the next pregnancy after uterine artery embolization have been reported.AIM To examine the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided topical absolute ethanol injection in ectopic pregnancies with an intrauterine implantation site.METHODS In this study,we retrospectively examined the medical records of 21 patients who were diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy with an intrauterine implantation site at our hospital,between April 2010 and December 2018,and underwent transvaginal ultrasound-guided local injections of absolute ethanol to determine the treatment outcomes.We evaluated the treatment methods,treatment outcomes,presence of bleeding requiring hemostasis measures and blood transfusion,complications,and treatment periods.Successful treatment was defined as the completion of treatment using transvaginal ultrasound-guided local injections of absolute ethanol alone.RESULTS There were 21 total cases comprising 10 cervical pregnancies,10 interstitial tubal pregnancies,and 1 cesarean scar pregnancy.All patients completed treatment with this method.No massive hemorrhaging or serious adverse reactions were observed during treatment.The mean gestation ages at the time of diagnosis were 5.9 wk(SD,±0.9 wk)for cervical and 6.9 wk(SD,±2.1 wk)for interstitial tubal pregnancies.The total ethanol doses were 4.8 mL(SD,±2.2 mL)for cervical pregnancies and 3.3 mL(SD,±2.2 mL)for interstitial pregnancies.The treatment period was 28.5days(SD,±11.7 d)for cervical pregnancies and 30.0±8.1 d for interstitial pregnancies.Positive correlations were observed between the bloodβ-human chorionic gonadotropin level at the beginning of treatment and the total ethanol dose(r=0.75;P=0.00008),as well as between the total ethanol dose and treatment period(r=0.48;P=0.026).CONCLUSION Transvaginal ultrasound-guided local injections of absolute ethanol could become a new option for intrauterine ectopic pregnancies when fertility preservation is desired.展开更多
基金supported by Guangdong Province Science and Technology Foundation,Guangdong,China(No:2011B080701053)
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of sustained-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) on ectopic osteogenesis in the muscle pouches of rats through preparing rhBMP-2 sustained-release capsules by wrapping morphogenesis protein bones-2(BMP-2)using chitosan nanoparticles,and compositing collagen materials.Methods:Twenty four SpragueDawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with six rats in each group,that is Group A(control group),Group B(only treated with collagen),Group C(rhBMP-2+collagen treated group) and Group D(rhBMP-2/cs+collagen treated group).The composite materials for each group were implanted in the bilateral peroneal muscle pouches in rats.The peroneal muscles were only separated without implanting any materials in control group.Rats were sacrificed 2 weeks and 4 weeks post treatment and samples were cut off for general observation,Micro CT scans and histological observation.Results:General observation showed no new bone formation in Groups A and B mice,while new bones were formed in Groups C and D mice.Two weeks after treatment Micro CT scans showed that The bone volume fraction(BVF),trabecular thickness(Tb. Th),bone mineral density(BMD) in Group C mice were all higher than that in Group D(P<0.05). At the fourth week,the BVK,Tb.Th and BMD were significantly higher than that at the second week(P<0.01).Conclusions:The slow-release effect of rhBMP-2/cs sustained-release capsules can significantly promote ectopic osteogenesis.Its bone formation effect is better than that of rhBMP-2 burst-release group.
基金supported by Guangdong Provincial Technology and Development Foundation:(No:2012B0617000911 & No:2011B080701053)
文摘Objective:To investigate the synergistic effect and mechanism of the combined application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF).Methods:24 KM male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 mice in each group,namely,Group A(control group),Group B(only treated with collagen),Group C(treated with2 ng bFGF+collagen).Group D(treated with 4μg rhBMP-2+collagen),Group E(treated with 4 μg rhBMP-2+2 ng bFGF+collagen) and Group F(treated with 4 μg rhBMP-2+4 ng bFGF+collagem.The composites were implanted into the intermuscular septum of hind legs mice:whereas in control group,intermuscular septum of mice was separated and no implantation was performed.General observation,detection of concentration of calcium content,micro computed tomography(Micro-CT).three-dimensional reconstruction scan.measurement of bone mineral density(BMD).bone volume fraction(BVF) and trabecular thickness(Tb.Th).as well as histological observation with HE staining and ALP and CD34 immumohistochemical staining were performed.Results:Ectopic osteogenesis was found in Groups D.F and F mice.The difference in concentration of calcium contents was statistically significant between Groups D and E(P<0.05),but insignificant between Groups E and F(P>0.05).Micro-CT and three-dimensional reconstruction revealed continuous newborn bone substance in external surface of ectopic bone formation,and the center of bone formation did not show obvious substantial filling by bone substance.The differences in BMD,BVF and Tb.Th were statistically significant between Groups D and E or F(P<0.01 or <0.05).HE staining showed that in Groups D.E and F.newborn bone substance was mainly located at the edge of ectopic bone formation,and the bone formation in Groups E and F was better than that in Group D.ALP and CD34 immumohistochemical staining revealed the positive expression mainly at the edge of ectopic bone formation,and area of positive expression in Groups E and F was larger than that in Groups D.Conclusions:rhBMP-2 possesses the capacity to induce ectopic osteogenesis independently,but bFGF does not have this ability;the combined application of rhBMP-2 and bFGF can enhance the synergetic effect on inducing ectopic osteogenesis.
基金This project was supported by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Nos. 30470483,30200063, 30170270)a grant from Chengguang Program for Young Scientists of Wuhan Municipal Government (No. 2004500607110)
文摘To experimentally evaluate the ectopic osteogenetic capacity of synthesized BMP2-derived peptide P24 combined with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), Wistar rats were di- vided into two groups: group A, in which BMP2-derived peptide P24/PLGA complex was implanted, and group B which received simple PLGA implant. The complex was respectively implanted into the back muscles of rats. Samples were taken the 1st, 4th, 8th, and the 12th week after the implantation. Their bone formation was detected by X-ray examination, and tissue response was histologically ob- served. Western blotting was used for the detection of the expression of collagen Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ) and osteopontin (OPN). There was acute inflammation in the tissue around both types of implants at early stage. The cartilage was found around implant areas 4 weeks after the implantation of BMP2-derived peptide p24/PLGA complex, 8 weeks after the implantation, osteoblasts were found, and 12 weeks after the implantation, typical trabecular bone structure was observed. In group B, after 12 weeks, no osteoblasts were found. It is concluded that PLGA is an ideal scaffold material for bone tissue engi- neering. BMP2-derived peptide can start endochondral ossification and is more effective in inducing ectopic osteogenesis.
文摘This editorial discusses the article written by Zheng et al that was published in the latest edition of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.Our primary focus is on the causes,location,diagnosis,histological classification,and therapy of ectopic pancreas.Ectopic pancreas refers to the presence of pancreatic tissue that is situated in a location outside its usual anatomical placement,and is not connected to the normal pancreas in terms of blood supply or anatomical struc-ture.Currently,the embryological origin of ectopic pancreas remains uncertain.The most prevalent form of ectopic pancreatic is gastric ectopic pancreas.Endoscopic ultrasonography examination can visualize the morphological charac-teristics of the ectopic pancreatic lesion and pinpoint its anatomical location.The histological categorization of ectopic pancreas evolves.Endoscopic treatment has been widely advocated in ectopic pancreas.
文摘The pancreatic development variations are relatively frequent but are often overlooked in clinical practice.This is due to the fact that they do not present with a distinct clinical picture and are usually asymptomatic.It also refers to the ectopic pancreatic tissue in the stomach.This anomaly can be diagnosed in any part of the digestive system,but it is mostly seen in the upper gastrointestinal tract,especially in the stomach,duodenum and jejunum.The management of this condition has evolved due to the development of minimally invasive procedures.
文摘Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, estimated to occur in 1% - 2% of pregnancies worldwide. This condition also has an adverse effect on the fertility prospects of women who experience it. Objective: To determine the outcomes of subsequent spontaneous fertility after medical treatment of patients with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with ectopic pregnancy at two university teaching hospitals of Yaounde. Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection in two university teaching hospitals of Yaounde during a six years period from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2015 to 31<sup>st</sup> May 2021. Seventy records of patients who had medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy were included in this study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. 23. The Chi-2 statistical test was used to compare qualitative variables. Binary logistic regression method was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with infertility after medical treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy (TEP). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age in our study population was 27.8 ± 3.8 years. According to the past medical history, 52.9% had a pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and the most frequently germ found was C. trachomatis (47.1%). Almost 15% of our study population had previous surgery for EP. The median Fernandez score was 11 with a minimum score of 4 and a maximum score of 13. The route of administration of methotrexate was intramuscular in all our patients, and the single-dose protocol was used most frequently (58.6%). After medical treatment of the EP, we found a spontaneous conception rate of 58.6%. After multivariate analysis, we were unable to confirm that there was an association between a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and fertility prognosis. Conclusion: The spontaneous fertility rate after medical management of EP was 58.6%, of which 73.2% were term pregnancies and 14.6% were recurrent ectopic pregnancies.
文摘Introduction: The aim of this study was to contribute to improving the quality of GEUR management in the general surgery department and in the maternity ward of the Ignace Deen national hospital, Conakry University Hospital. Methodology: This was a retrospective, descriptive study lasting two years (January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022), carried out in the general surgery and gyneco-obstetrics departments of the Ignace Deen national hospital, Conakry University Hospital. We included all patients with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy who received surgical treatment during the study period. Results: We collected 13,524 cases of surgical interventions in the two services, among them, we recorded 89 cases or 0.66% GEUR. The average age of the patients was 24.26 years. Brides were the most represented with 80.96% of cases. Women practicing a liberal profession were 51.69% (n = 46) and housewives 26.97% (n = 24). Clinically, amenorrhea was noted in all patients, i.e. 100%, abdominal-pelvic pain in 95.2% (n = 85) of cases, metrorrhagia in 94.08% (n = 84), abdominal-pelvic sensitivity in 97.44% (n = 87) of cases and anemia in 85.39% of cases. The GEUR was ampullary in 69.66% (n = 62) cases. Salpingectomy was performed in 90.72% (n = 81). The surgical outcomes were satisfactory in 98.87% (n = 88) of cases. We recorded one case of surgical site infection. We have not recorded any deaths. The average length of hospitalization was 4 days. Conclusion: GEUR is relatively high in our context. A good understanding of the prognostic factors of GEUR, awareness and family planning could reduce GEUR.
基金Supported by Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia,No.III 41017.
文摘BACKGROUND A major problem in the healing of bone defects is insufficient or absent blood supply within the defect.To overcome this challenging problem,a plethora of approaches within bone tissue engineering have been developed recently.Bearing in mind that the interplay of various diffusible factors released by endothelial cells(ECs)and osteoblasts(OBs)have a pivotal role in bone growth and regeneration and that adjacent ECs and OBs also communicate directly through gap junctions,we set the focus on the simultaneous application of these cell types together with platelet-rich plasma(PRP)as a growth factor reservoir within ectopic bone tissue engineering constructs.AIM To vascularize and examine osteogenesis in bone tissue engineering constructs enriched with PRP and adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs)induced into ECs and OBs.METHODS ASCs isolated from adipose tissue,induced in vitro into ECs,OBs or just expanded were used for implant construction as followed:BPEO,endothelial and osteogenic differentiated ASCs with PRP and bone mineral matrix;BPUI,uninduced ASCs with PRP and bone mineral matrix;BC(control),only bone mineral matrix.At 1,2,4 and 8 wk after subcutaneous implantation in mice,implants were extracted and endothelial-related and bone-related gene expression were analyzed,while histological analyses were performed after 2 and 8 wk.RESULTS The percentage of vascularization was significantly higher in BC compared to BPUI and BPEO constructs 2 and 8 wk after implantation.BC had the lowest endothelial-related gene expression,weaker osteocalcin immunoexpression and Spp1 expression compared to BPUI and BPEO.Endothelial-related gene expression and osteocalcin immunoexpression were higher in BPUI compared to BC and BPEO.BPEO had a higher percentage of vascularization compared to BPUI and the highest CD31 immunoexpression among examined constructs.Except Vwf,endothelial-related gene expression in BPEO had a later onset and was upregulated and well-balanced during in vivo incubation that induced late onset of Spp1 expression and pronounced osteocalcin immunoexpression at 2 and 8 wk.Tissue regression was noticed in BPEO constructs after 8 wk.CONCLUSION Ectopically implanted BPEO constructs had a favorable impact on vascularization and osteogenesis,but tissue regression imposed the need for discovering a more optimal EC/OB ratio prior to considerations for clinical applications.
基金This work was supported financially by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2012CB933600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572228,51172188).
文摘The macro-pore sizes of porous scaffold play a key role for regulating ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis but many researches ignored the influence of interconnection between macro-pores with different sizes.In order to accurately reveal the relationship between ectopic osteogenesis and macro-pore sizes in dorsal muscle and abdominal cavities of dogs,hydroxyapatite(HA)scaffolds with three different macro-pore sizes of 500–650,750–900 and 1100–1250 mm were prepared via sugar spheres-leaching process,which also had similar interconnecting structure determined by keeping the d/s ratio of interconnecting window diameter to macro-pore size constant.The permeability test showed that the seepage flow of fluid through the porous scaffolds increased with the increase of macro-pore sizes.The cell growth in three scaffolds was not affected by the macro-pore sizes.The in vivo ectopic implantation results indicated that the macro-pore sizes of HA scaffolds with the similar interconnecting structure have impact not only the speed of osteogenesis and angiogenesis but also the space distribution of newly formed bone.The scaffold with macro-pore sizes of 750–900 mm exhibited much faster angiogenesis and osteogenesis,and much more uniformly distribution of new bone than those with othermacro-pore sizes.This work illustrates the importance of a suitable macro-pore sizes in HA scaffolds with the similar interconnecting structure which provides the environment for ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
文摘BACKGROUND Ectopic pregnancy(EP) is one of the most common acute abdominal diseases in gynecology. Once the condition of EP is delayed, it may lead to massive hemorrhage, shock, and even death in a short time, seriously threatening the patient’s life. Early diagnosis is the key to preventing and improving the prognosis of EP.Transabdominal ultrasound(TAS) and transvaginal ultrasound(TVS) are the main diagnostic methods for abdominal diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore the application value and effect of TAS and TVS in the diagnosis of EP,hoping to provide more valuable references for the diagnosis of EP.AIM To explore the application value of TAS and TVS in the diagnosis of EP and to improve the level of clinical diagnosis.METHODS A total of 140 patients with EP admitted to our hospital from July 2018 to July 2020 were selected for this study. All patients were divided into two groups according to the examination methods. 63 patients who underwent abdominal ultrasound examination were set as the TAS group, while 77 patients who underwent TVS examination were set as the TVS group. We compared the diagnostic accuracy and misdiagnosis rates between the two types of ultrasound examinations, as well as the postoperative pathological results of the two diagnostic methods for different types of ectopic pregnancies. We also analyzed the sonograms for the presence of mixed ectopic masses,adnexal masses, ectopic gestational sacs, the presence or absence of visible embryo and fetal heart in the ectopic sac shadow, and the detection of fluid in the rectal fossa of the uterus, such as the adnexal area, yolk sac, and embryo, etc. In addition, the diagnosis time, days of gestational sac appearance, operation time, endometrial thickness, and blood flow resistance index were compared as well.RESULTS After performing both types of ultrasound examinations in 140 patients with EP, we found that the diagnostic accuracy of TVS was significantly higher than that of TAS, and the misdiagnosis rate was significantly lower than that of TAS. The differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). In addition, the detection rate of TVS was better than that of TAS for the presence of mixed masses,adnexal masses, ectopic gestational sacs, the presence or absence of visible embryo and fetal heart in the shadow of the ectopic sac, and sonograms such as the adnexal area, yolk sac, and embryo,etc. The coincidence rate of its postoperative pathological examination results was significantly higher than those of TAS. The diagnosis time and the days of gestational sac appearance by TVS were significantly shorter than that by TAS, and the operation time was earlier than that by TAS.What’s more, the detection rates of the endometrial thickness ￡ 1.5 mm and blood flow resistance ￡0.5 were significantly higher in TVS diagnosis of EP than in TAS. All differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with TAS, TVS has the advantages of high detection accuracy and good sonogram performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [82172385 to H.S., 82172349 to Y.W.]the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province [2019B020236001 to H.S.]+3 种基金the Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund [ZDSYS20190902092851024 to H.S.]the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2020A1515010097 to Z.X.]the Shenzhen Outstanding Science and Technology Innovation Talents-Outstanding Youth Fund project [RCYX20210706092106042 to Z.X.]Funding for open access charge:Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund。
文摘As the major cell precursors in osteogenesis, mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are indispensable for bone homeostasis and development. However, the primary mechanisms regulating osteogenic differentiation are controversial. Composed of multiple constituent enhancers, super enhancers(SEs) are powerful cis-regulatory elements that identify genes that ensure sequential differentiation. The present study demonstrated that SEs were indispensable for MSC osteogenesis and involved in osteoporosis development. Through integrated analysis, we identified the most common SE-targeted and osteoporosis-related osteogenic gene,ZBTB16. ZBTB16, positively regulated by SEs, promoted MSC osteogenesis but was expressed at lower levels in osteoporosis.Mechanistically, SEs recruited bromodomain containing 4(BRD4) at the site of ZBTB16, which then bound to RNA polymerase IIassociated protein 2(RPAP2) that transported RNA polymerase Ⅱ(POL Ⅱ) into the nucleus. The subsequent synergistic regulation of POL Ⅱ carboxyterminal domain(CTD) phosphorylation by BRD4 and RPAP2 initiated ZBTB16 transcriptional elongation, which facilitated MSC osteogenesis via the key osteogenic transcription factor SP7. Bone-targeting ZBTB16 overexpression had a therapeutic effect on the decreased bone density and remodeling capacity of Brd4^(fl/fl)Prx1-cre mice and osteoporosis(OP) models.Therefore, our study shows that SEs orchestrate the osteogenesis of MSCs by targeting ZBTB16 expression, which provides an attractive focus and therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
文摘Background: Heterotopic pregnancy is a very rare event in a natural cycle. Its incidence is rising mostly due to induction of ovulation or Assisted Reproductive Technique. Most ectopic in heterotopic pregnancies are localized in the fallopian tubes. The occurrence of molar tubal ectopic pregnancy coexisting with intrauterine pregnancy is uncommon and consequently not often considered a diagnostic possibility. Case Report: We report the case of a 25-year-old woman, gravida 4 para 1, who complained of vaginal spotting and lower abdominal pain after 6 weeks of amenorrhea following clomiphene citrate ovarian stimulation. Transvaginal Ultrasonography revealed an intrauterine pregnancy and an unruptured left tubal ectopic pregnancy. She underwent successful laparoscopic salpingectomy while the intra-uterine pregnancy was allowed to continue. The ectopic pregnancy tissue histology reported an ectopic partial molar pregnancy. She subsequently had a normal vaginal delivery at 39 weeks and 3 days and her follow-up was uneventful. Conclusion: Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare but life-threatening condition. It should be suspected in a pregnant woman with a risk factor of multiple gestations who presents vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain in the context of early pregnancy. Laparoscopic surgery is effective for confirming the diagnosis and treating the ectopic component. Routine histological examination of tubal specimens must be taken very seriously because some findings like molar pregnancies may require specific management.
基金Supported by Fujian Province Science and Technology Innovation Joint Fund Project,No.2021Y9029.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric ectopic pancreas(GEP)is a rare developmental abnormality that refers to the existence of pancreatic tissue in the stomach with no anatomical relationship with the main pancreas.It is usually difficult to diagnose through histological examination,and the choice of treatment method is crucial.AIM To describe the endoscopic ultrasound characteristics of GEP and evaluate the value of laparoscopic resection(LR)and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).METHODS Forty-nine patients with GEP who underwent ESD and LR in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from May 2018 to July 2023 were retrospectively included.Data on clinical characteristics,endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS),ESD,and LR were collected and analyzed.The characteristics of EUS and the efficacy of the two treatments were analyzed.RESULTS The average age of the patients was 43.31±13.50 years,and the average maximum diameter of the lesions was 1.55±0.70 cm.The lesion originated from the mucosa in one patient(2.04%),from the submucosa in 42 patients(85.71%),and from the muscularis propria in 6 patients(12.25%).Twenty-nine patients(59.20%)with GEP showed umbilical depression on endoscopy.The most common initial symptom of GEP was abdominal pain(40.82%).Tumor markers,including carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),were generally within the normal range.One patient(2.04%)with GEP had increased CEA and CA-19-9 levels.However,no cancer tissue was found on postoperative pathological examination,and tumor markers returned to normal levels after resecting the lesion.There was no significant difference in surgery duration(72.42±23.84 vs 74.17±12.81 min)or hospital stay(3.70±0.91 vs 3.83±0.75 d)between the two methods.LR was more often used for patients with larger tumors and deeper origins.The amount of bleeding was significantly higher in LR than in ESD(11.28±16.87 vs 16.67±8.76 mL,P<0.05).Surgery was associated with complete resection of the lesion without any serious complications;there were no cases of recurrence during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION GEP has unique characteristics in EUS.LR and ESD seem to be good choices for treating GEP.LR is better for large GEP with a deep origin.However,due to the rarity of GEP,multicenter large-scale studies are needed to describe its characteristics and evaluate the safety of LR and ESD.
文摘Objective Osteogenesis is vitally important for bone defect repair,and Zuo Gui Wan(ZGW)is a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for strengthening bones.However,the specific mechanism by which ZGW regulates osteogenesis is still unclear.The current study is based on a network pharmacology analysis to explore the potential mechanism of ZGW in promoting osteogenesis.Methods A network pharmacology analysis followed by experimental validation was applied to explore the potential mechanisms of ZGW in promoting the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Results In total,487 no-repeat targets corresponding to the bioactive components of ZGW were screened,and 175 target genes in the intersection of ZGW and osteogenesis were obtained.And 28 core target genes were then obtained from a PPI network analysis.A GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the relevant biological processes mainly involve the cellular response to chemical stress,metal ions,and lipopolysaccharide.Additionally,KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that multiple signaling pathways,including the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signaling pathway,were associated with ZGW-promoted osteogensis.Further experimental validation showed that ZGW could increase alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity as well as the mRNA and protein levels of ALP,osteocalcin(OCN),and runt related transcription factor 2(Runx 2).What’s more,Western blot analysis results showed that ZGW significantly increased the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT,and the increases of these protein levels significantly receded after the addition of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.Finally,the upregulated osteogenic-related indicators were also suppressed by the addition of LY294002.Conclusion ZGW promotes the osteogenesis of BMSCs via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
基金supported by funding from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190239)Huai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences Initiation and Development of Scientific Research Fund for High-Level Introduced Talents(0062019016B)the Scientific Research Fund Development Project of Huai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences(HNY202102).
文摘Although tocopherols are essential for rice development,the molecular details by which their absence affects development remain to be determined.To study how tocopherols function during rice development,we performed a transcriptome deep sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis of the rice cultivar Nipponbare(Nip)and the tocopherol-deficient mutant small grain and dwarf 1-2(sgd1-2).We identified 563 differentially expressed genes that were enriched in Gene Ontology categories associated with metabolism,stress,cellular responses,and transcriptional regulation.We determined that the total fatty acid composition of Nip and sgd1-2 was comparable,although cell membrane penetrability in sgd1-2 was significantly higher than in Nip under optimal growth conditions,indicating that tocopherol deficiency induces cell membrane damage.The expression levels of dehydration-responsive element binding 1(DREB1)genes and free proline content in sgd1-2 were also higher than those in Nip.We also showed that the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1(SLR1)accumulated in sgd1-2,resulting in significant changes in the global transcriptome.Our study confirms that the lack of tocopherol accumulation in rice induced ectopic stress responses and limited growth by enhancing SLR1 abundance through increasing SLR1 transcript levels.These results provide new insights into tocopherol during rice development.
文摘Osteogenesis imperfecta(OI)is a genetically heterogeneous monogenic disease characterized by decreased bone mass,bone fragility,and recurrent fractures.The phenotypic spectrum varies considerably ranging from prenatal fractures with lethal outcomes to mild forms with few fractures and normal stature.The basic mechanism is a collagen-related defect,not only in synthesis but also in folding,processing,bone mineralization,or osteoblast function.In recent years,great progress has been made in identifying new genes and molecular mechanisms underlying OI.In this context,the classification of OI has been revised several times and different types are used.The Sillence classification,based on clinical and radiological characteristics,is currently used as a grading of clinical severity.Based on the metabolic pathway,the functional classification allows identifying regulatory elements and targeting specific therapeutic approaches.Genetic classification has the advantage of identifying the inheritance pattern,an essential element for genetic counseling and prophylaxis.Although genotype-phenotype correlations may sometimes be challenging,genetic diagnosis allows a personalized management strategy,accurate family planning,and pregnancy management decisions including options for mode of delivery,or early antenatal OI treatment.Future research on molecular pathways and pathogenic variants involved could lead to the development of genotype-based therapeutic approaches.This narrative review summarizes our current understanding of genes,molecular mechanisms involved in OI,classifications,and their utility in prophylaxis.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2019ZDLSF03-06) and (2020ZDLGY13-05)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFC1107202)。
文摘Magnesium(Mg) and its alloys have been intensively studied to develop the next generation of bone implants recently, but their clinical application is restricted by rapid degradation and unsatisfied osteogenic effect in vivo. A bioactive chemical conversion Mg-phenolic networks complex coating(e EGCG) was stepwise incorporated by epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) and exogenous Mg^(2+)on Mg-2Zn magnesium alloy. Simplex EGCG induced chemical conversion coating(c EGCG) was set as compare group. The in vitro corrosion behavior of Mg-2Zn alloy, c EGCG and e EGCG was evaluated in SBF using electrochemical(PDP, EIS) and immersion test. The cytocompatibility was investigated with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(r BMSCs). Furthermore, the in vivo tests using a rabbit model involved micro computed tomography(Micro-CT) analysis, histological observation, and interface analysis. The results showed that the e EGCG is Mgphenolic multilayer coating incorporated Mg-phenolic networks, which is rougher, more compact and much thicker than c EGCG. The e EGCG highly improved the corrosion resistance of Mg-2Zn alloy, combined with its lower average hemolytic ratios, continuous high scavenging effect ability and relatively moderate contact angle features, resulting in a stable and suitable biological environment, obviously promoted r BMSCs adhesion and proliferation. More importantly, Micro-CT, histological and interface elements distribution evaluations all revealed that the e EGCG effectively inhibited degradation and enhanced bone tissue formation of Mg alloy implants. This study puts forward a promising bioactive chemical conversion coating with Mg-phenolic networks for the application of biodegradable orthopedic implants.
文摘BACKGROUND Ectopic pancreas may be unfamiliar to many people because it is rare and difficult to diagnose.However,this disease is highly susceptible to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.In this article,we report two cases of pancreatic heterotopia in the gastric sinus and small intestine,respectively,both of which were confirmed by histopathological examination.CASE SUMMARY The first patient was a 43-year-old female which reported abdominal distension for 2 mo.The second was a 67-year-old female who experienced intermittent epigastric discomfort for 15 d.In both cases,there was no confirmed preoperative examination,and the postoperative pathology indicated the presence of ectopic pancreas.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of ectopic pancreas is difficult,and is often prone to misdiagnosis and the possibility of being overlooked.Various laboratory tests and imaging tests should be carefully evaluated before surgery to achieve early detection,early diagnosis and early treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND Cervical pregnancies,interstitial tubal pregnancies,and cesarean scar pregnancies,which are ectopic pregnancies with intrauterine implantation sites exhibit increasing trends with the recent widespread use of assisted reproductive technologies and increased rate of cesarean deliveries.The development of highsensitivity human chorionic gonadotropin testing reagents and the increased precision of transvaginal ultrasonic tomography have made early diagnosis possible and have enabled treatment.Removal of ectopic pregnancies using methotrexate therapy and/or uterine artery embolization has been reported.However,delayed resumption of infertility treatments after methotrexate therapy is indicated,and negative effects on the next pregnancy after uterine artery embolization have been reported.AIM To examine the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided topical absolute ethanol injection in ectopic pregnancies with an intrauterine implantation site.METHODS In this study,we retrospectively examined the medical records of 21 patients who were diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy with an intrauterine implantation site at our hospital,between April 2010 and December 2018,and underwent transvaginal ultrasound-guided local injections of absolute ethanol to determine the treatment outcomes.We evaluated the treatment methods,treatment outcomes,presence of bleeding requiring hemostasis measures and blood transfusion,complications,and treatment periods.Successful treatment was defined as the completion of treatment using transvaginal ultrasound-guided local injections of absolute ethanol alone.RESULTS There were 21 total cases comprising 10 cervical pregnancies,10 interstitial tubal pregnancies,and 1 cesarean scar pregnancy.All patients completed treatment with this method.No massive hemorrhaging or serious adverse reactions were observed during treatment.The mean gestation ages at the time of diagnosis were 5.9 wk(SD,±0.9 wk)for cervical and 6.9 wk(SD,±2.1 wk)for interstitial tubal pregnancies.The total ethanol doses were 4.8 mL(SD,±2.2 mL)for cervical pregnancies and 3.3 mL(SD,±2.2 mL)for interstitial pregnancies.The treatment period was 28.5days(SD,±11.7 d)for cervical pregnancies and 30.0±8.1 d for interstitial pregnancies.Positive correlations were observed between the bloodβ-human chorionic gonadotropin level at the beginning of treatment and the total ethanol dose(r=0.75;P=0.00008),as well as between the total ethanol dose and treatment period(r=0.48;P=0.026).CONCLUSION Transvaginal ultrasound-guided local injections of absolute ethanol could become a new option for intrauterine ectopic pregnancies when fertility preservation is desired.
