Evidence showed that N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification plays a pivotal role in influencing RNA fate and is strongly associated with cell growth and developmental processes in many species.However,no information r...Evidence showed that N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification plays a pivotal role in influencing RNA fate and is strongly associated with cell growth and developmental processes in many species.However,no information regarding m^(6)A modification in Eimeria tenella is currently available.In the present study,we surveyed the transcriptome-wide prevalence of m^(6)A in sporulated oocysts and unsporulated oocysts of E.tenella.Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing(MeRIP-seq)analysis showed that m^(6)A modification was most abundant in the coding sequences,followed by stop codon.There were 3,903 hypermethylated and 3,178 hypomethylated mRNAs in sporulated oocysts compared with unsporulated oocysts.Further joint analysis suggested that m^(6)A modification of the majority of genes was positively correlated with mRNA expression.The mRNA relative expression and m^(6)A level of the selected genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR)and MeRIP-qPCR.GO and KEGG analysis indicated that differentially m^(6)A methylated genes(DMMGs)with significant differences in mRNA expression were closely related to processes such as regulation of gene expression,epigenetic,microtubule,autophagy-other and TOR signaling.Moreover,a total of 96 DMMGs without significant differences in mRNA expression showed significant differences at protein level.GO and pathway enrichment analysis of the 96 genes showed that RNA methylation may be involved in cell biosynthesis and metabolism of E.tenella.We firstly present a map of RNA m^(6)A modification in E.tenella,which provides significant insights into developmental biology of E.tenella.展开更多
A series of ethyl 6-alkoxy-7-phenyl-4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylates were designed and synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by ~1H NMR,^(13)C NMR,IR and HRMS.The biological activities were primarily evaluated ...A series of ethyl 6-alkoxy-7-phenyl-4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylates were designed and synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by ~1H NMR,^(13)C NMR,IR and HRMS.The biological activities were primarily evaluated against Eimeria tenella according to Anticoccidial Index(ACI) method in vivo.The results showed that compounds 5e,5f and 5i exhibited anticoccidial activities against E.tenella at 27 mg kg^(-1).展开更多
In order to determine the effect of foreign genes on a transgenic parasite,the pathogenicity and development in chickens of transgenic E.tenella strain TE1,which expresses yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and dihydrof...In order to determine the effect of foreign genes on a transgenic parasite,the pathogenicity and development in chickens of transgenic E.tenella strain TE1,which expresses yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase derived from Toxoplasma gondii(TgDHFR-TS), were compared with that of the parental strain BJ.Results indicated that the fecundity of the transgenic parasite(TE1) was reduced at least 4 times relative to that of the BJ strain.Low dosage of the TE1 strain induced less pathogenesis in chickens than did the BJ strain,but chickens inoculated with a higher dosage of TE1 oocysts displayed severe pathogenicity and mortality as did the BJ strain.In addition,trophozoites, the first generation and the second generation meronts and merozoites,microgamonts and macrogamonts of the transgenic parasite TE1 were seen by fluorescence microscopy.More interestingly,not all four sporonts in the sporulating transgenic oocysts express YFP.These findings suggest that the expression of YFP and TgDHFR-TS genes to some extent reduced pathogenicity and reproductive potential of transgenic E.tenella.Recombination between homologous or non-homologous chromosomes occurred during zygotic meiosis in E.tenella strain TE1.展开更多
To study the inhibiting effects of S-Nitroso-Glutathione(GSNO)on sporulation process of Eimeria tenella(E.tenella)oocysts by detecting the sporulation rate,GSNO as nitric oxide donor was used to treat E.tenella oocyst...To study the inhibiting effects of S-Nitroso-Glutathione(GSNO)on sporulation process of Eimeria tenella(E.tenella)oocysts by detecting the sporulation rate,GSNO as nitric oxide donor was used to treat E.tenella oocysts sporulated for different times;Several kinds of antioxidants and oxidants were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of GSNO on sporogony process of E.tenella oocysts.The results showed that GSNO still inhibited the oocysts sporulated 10 h,but had few inhibiting effect on the oocysts sporulated for 14 h;the antioxidants,such as Vitamin C(VC),mannitol and sodium salicylate,could not eliminate the inhibitory effects of GSNO on oocysts;neither did the ferrous sulfate(FeSO_4)nor Dithiothreitol(DTT).However,the oxidants,potassium dichromate(K_2Cr_2O_7)and potassium permanganate(KMnO_4)could obviously repress the effects of GSNO on oocysts.At present,the inhibitory mechanism of GSNO on unsporulated oocysts was still unclear.展开更多
Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are a group of highly conserved molecules which initiate the innate immune response to pathogens by recognizing structural motifs of microbes. Understanding the changes in chicken Toll-like r...Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are a group of highly conserved molecules which initiate the innate immune response to pathogens by recognizing structural motifs of microbes. Understanding the changes in chicken Toll-like receptors(ChTLRs) and signal adaptors expression that occur with Eimeria tenella infection will help to elucidate the molecular basis of immune control of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria. The present study detected the dynamic changes in the expression of ChTLRs and associated signal adaptors in the spleen and cecum of E. tenella-infected chickens during the early stage of infection. The results showed that the expression peak for ChTLRs, MyD88 and TRIF occurred at 12 h post-infection(hpi), ChTLR3, ChTLR15 and MyD88 mRNA expression in the spleen of E. tenella infected chickens were signifi cantly higher(P<0.05) than that of negative control chickens, and there were similar tendencies of these molecules expression in the cecum and spleen of E. tenella-infected chickens. The expression of MyD88 was upregulated at four time points in the cecum of E. tenella-infected chickens. The results of this study indicate that ChTLR3, ChTLR15 and MyD88 play a role in young chickens infected with E. tenella.展开更多
The effects of exogenous NO on Eimeria tenella oocysts were studied. The E. tenella oocystsfreshly isolated from feces of experimental chickens infected with E. tenella and sporulated E. tenella oocystswere treated in...The effects of exogenous NO on Eimeria tenella oocysts were studied. The E. tenella oocystsfreshly isolated from feces of experimental chickens infected with E. tenella and sporulated E. tenella oocystswere treated in vitro by the well-known NO-donors, SNP, SPER/NO and GSNO. The results showed thatamong the 3 NO donors, only GSNO had significant effects on the percentage of sporulated oocysts, the inhibi-ting rate of purified oocysts was from 93 to 97%, and reached 100% on the oocysts in the feces of chickenswith E. tenella infection. GSNO also significantly decreased the virulence of E. tenella oocysts, and the oo-cysts treated by 2 -8 mmol L-1 GSNO almost lost their pathogenicity to chickens.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902298)the Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(2022ZDYF126)+2 种基金the Fund for Shanxi“1331 Project”,China(20211331-13)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Shanxi Agricultural University,China(2017YJ10)the Special Research Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University for High-level Talents,China(2021XG001)。
文摘Evidence showed that N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification plays a pivotal role in influencing RNA fate and is strongly associated with cell growth and developmental processes in many species.However,no information regarding m^(6)A modification in Eimeria tenella is currently available.In the present study,we surveyed the transcriptome-wide prevalence of m^(6)A in sporulated oocysts and unsporulated oocysts of E.tenella.Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing(MeRIP-seq)analysis showed that m^(6)A modification was most abundant in the coding sequences,followed by stop codon.There were 3,903 hypermethylated and 3,178 hypomethylated mRNAs in sporulated oocysts compared with unsporulated oocysts.Further joint analysis suggested that m^(6)A modification of the majority of genes was positively correlated with mRNA expression.The mRNA relative expression and m^(6)A level of the selected genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR)and MeRIP-qPCR.GO and KEGG analysis indicated that differentially m^(6)A methylated genes(DMMGs)with significant differences in mRNA expression were closely related to processes such as regulation of gene expression,epigenetic,microtubule,autophagy-other and TOR signaling.Moreover,a total of 96 DMMGs without significant differences in mRNA expression showed significant differences at protein level.GO and pathway enrichment analysis of the 96 genes showed that RNA methylation may be involved in cell biosynthesis and metabolism of E.tenella.We firstly present a map of RNA m^(6)A modification in E.tenella,which provides significant insights into developmental biology of E.tenella.
基金support from the National Science Foundation of China(No.20372052)
文摘A series of ethyl 6-alkoxy-7-phenyl-4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylates were designed and synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by ~1H NMR,^(13)C NMR,IR and HRMS.The biological activities were primarily evaluated against Eimeria tenella according to Anticoccidial Index(ACI) method in vivo.The results showed that compounds 5e,5f and 5i exhibited anticoccidial activities against E.tenella at 27 mg kg^(-1).
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Project No. 2006AA02Z458)the Doctor Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(09001350)
文摘In order to determine the effect of foreign genes on a transgenic parasite,the pathogenicity and development in chickens of transgenic E.tenella strain TE1,which expresses yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase derived from Toxoplasma gondii(TgDHFR-TS), were compared with that of the parental strain BJ.Results indicated that the fecundity of the transgenic parasite(TE1) was reduced at least 4 times relative to that of the BJ strain.Low dosage of the TE1 strain induced less pathogenesis in chickens than did the BJ strain,but chickens inoculated with a higher dosage of TE1 oocysts displayed severe pathogenicity and mortality as did the BJ strain.In addition,trophozoites, the first generation and the second generation meronts and merozoites,microgamonts and macrogamonts of the transgenic parasite TE1 were seen by fluorescence microscopy.More interestingly,not all four sporonts in the sporulating transgenic oocysts express YFP.These findings suggest that the expression of YFP and TgDHFR-TS genes to some extent reduced pathogenicity and reproductive potential of transgenic E.tenella.Recombination between homologous or non-homologous chromosomes occurred during zygotic meiosis in E.tenella strain TE1.
文摘To study the inhibiting effects of S-Nitroso-Glutathione(GSNO)on sporulation process of Eimeria tenella(E.tenella)oocysts by detecting the sporulation rate,GSNO as nitric oxide donor was used to treat E.tenella oocysts sporulated for different times;Several kinds of antioxidants and oxidants were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of GSNO on sporogony process of E.tenella oocysts.The results showed that GSNO still inhibited the oocysts sporulated 10 h,but had few inhibiting effect on the oocysts sporulated for 14 h;the antioxidants,such as Vitamin C(VC),mannitol and sodium salicylate,could not eliminate the inhibitory effects of GSNO on oocysts;neither did the ferrous sulfate(FeSO_4)nor Dithiothreitol(DTT).However,the oxidants,potassium dichromate(K_2Cr_2O_7)and potassium permanganate(KMnO_4)could obviously repress the effects of GSNO on oocysts.At present,the inhibitory mechanism of GSNO on unsporulated oocysts was still unclear.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(XDJK2010C099)the Science Fundation for Young Scientists of Southwest University,China(QNRC200804)the Scientific Research Fund of Veterinary Medicine Department of Southwest University,China
文摘Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are a group of highly conserved molecules which initiate the innate immune response to pathogens by recognizing structural motifs of microbes. Understanding the changes in chicken Toll-like receptors(ChTLRs) and signal adaptors expression that occur with Eimeria tenella infection will help to elucidate the molecular basis of immune control of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria. The present study detected the dynamic changes in the expression of ChTLRs and associated signal adaptors in the spleen and cecum of E. tenella-infected chickens during the early stage of infection. The results showed that the expression peak for ChTLRs, MyD88 and TRIF occurred at 12 h post-infection(hpi), ChTLR3, ChTLR15 and MyD88 mRNA expression in the spleen of E. tenella infected chickens were signifi cantly higher(P<0.05) than that of negative control chickens, and there were similar tendencies of these molecules expression in the cecum and spleen of E. tenella-infected chickens. The expression of MyD88 was upregulated at four time points in the cecum of E. tenella-infected chickens. The results of this study indicate that ChTLR3, ChTLR15 and MyD88 play a role in young chickens infected with E. tenella.
基金The study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(39970564).
文摘The effects of exogenous NO on Eimeria tenella oocysts were studied. The E. tenella oocystsfreshly isolated from feces of experimental chickens infected with E. tenella and sporulated E. tenella oocystswere treated in vitro by the well-known NO-donors, SNP, SPER/NO and GSNO. The results showed thatamong the 3 NO donors, only GSNO had significant effects on the percentage of sporulated oocysts, the inhibi-ting rate of purified oocysts was from 93 to 97%, and reached 100% on the oocysts in the feces of chickenswith E. tenella infection. GSNO also significantly decreased the virulence of E. tenella oocysts, and the oo-cysts treated by 2 -8 mmol L-1 GSNO almost lost their pathogenicity to chickens.
