The static electric dipole polarizabilities of the ground state and n ≤ 3 excited states of a lithium atom embedded in a weekly coupled plasma environment are investigated as a function of the plasma screening radium...The static electric dipole polarizabilities of the ground state and n ≤ 3 excited states of a lithium atom embedded in a weekly coupled plasma environment are investigated as a function of the plasma screening radium. The plasma screening of the Coulomb interaction is described by the Debye-Hiickel potential and the interaction between the valence electron and the atomic core is described by a model potential. The electron energies and wave functions for both the bound and continuum states are calculated by solving the SchrSdinger equation numerically using the symplectic integrator. The oscillator strengths, partial-wave, and total static dipole polarizabilities of the ground state and n ≤ 3 excited states of the lithium atom are calculated. Comparison of present results with those of other authors, when available, is made. The results for the 2s ground state demonstrated that the oscillator strengths and the static dipole polarizabilities from np orbitals do not always increase or decrease with the plasma screening effect increasing, unlike that for hydrogen-like ions, especially for 2s→3p transition there is a zero value for both the oscillator strength and the static dipole polarizability for screening length D = 10.3106a0, which is associated with the Cooper minima.展开更多
The transition from the biexciton to the exciton can turn over the direction of the electric dipole of a polymericmolecule. This turning-over action combined with the photoinduced polarization reversion can be used as...The transition from the biexciton to the exciton can turn over the direction of the electric dipole of a polymericmolecule. This turning-over action combined with the photoinduced polarization reversion can be used as a switch. Theswitching speed is governed by the relaxation time of the turning-over process, which can be determined by a dynamicalsimulation.展开更多
Lead borate glasses xB2O3+(99–x)PbO+0.5Eu2O3(x=70,60,...,10) were prepared by melt-quenching method.The luminescent properties were characterized with excitation and emission spectra.The emission intensities for 5D0-...Lead borate glasses xB2O3+(99–x)PbO+0.5Eu2O3(x=70,60,...,10) were prepared by melt-quenching method.The luminescent properties were characterized with excitation and emission spectra.The emission intensities for 5D0-7FJ(J=0–4) were analyzed to give variation of the relative electric dipole line strengths with the composition of glasses so as to examine the crucial implicit assumption of independent electric dipole line strength on the composition of glass in the Phys.Rev.Lett.2003,91,203903 paper studying l...展开更多
In the case of three-layered(air-seawater-seabed)model,the analytical expressions of the static electric and static magnetic field produced by the static electric dipole located in seawater were derived by using the m...In the case of three-layered(air-seawater-seabed)model,the analytical expressions of the static electric and static magnetic field produced by the static electric dipole located in seawater were derived by using the mirror image theory.Combined with the distribution of the underwater electric potential measured in laboratory,an electric dipole model for physical scale of ship was established and the distribution characteristics of an actual ship' s corrosion related magnetic field were obtained.Based on established models,theoretical analysis and calculation were made to catch out the distribution characteristics of static magnetic field related with corrosion and anticorrosion,which can not be measured directly in seawater.The results show that the static magnetic field related with corrosion and anticorrosion is a kind of noteworthy obstacle signal for degaussed ships.展开更多
Recently, the diverse properties of Rydberg atoms, which probably arise from its large electric dipole moment （EDM）, have been explored. In this paper, we report electric dipole moments along with Stark energies and...Recently, the diverse properties of Rydberg atoms, which probably arise from its large electric dipole moment （EDM）, have been explored. In this paper, we report electric dipole moments along with Stark energies and charge densities of lithium Rydberg states in the presence of electric fields, calculated by matrix diagonalization. Huge electric dipole moments are discovered. In order to check the validity of the EDMs, we also use these electric dipole moments to calculate the Stark energies by numerical integration. The results agree with those calculated by matrix diagonalization.展开更多
An accurate electric dipole moment function(EDMF) is obtained for the carbon monoxide(CO) molecule(X1+Σ)by fitting the experimental rovibrational transitional moments. Additionally, an accurate ab initio EDMF is foun...An accurate electric dipole moment function(EDMF) is obtained for the carbon monoxide(CO) molecule(X1+Σ)by fitting the experimental rovibrational transitional moments. Additionally, an accurate ab initio EDMF is found using the highly accurate, multi-reference averaged coupled-pair functional(ACPF) approach with the basis set, aug-cc-p V6 Z, and a finite-field with ±0.005 a.u.(The unit a.u. is the abbreviation of atomic unit). This ab initio EDMF is very consistent with the fitted ones. The vibrational transition matrix moments and the Herman–Wallis factors, calculated with the Rydberg–Klein–Rees(RKR) potential and the fitted and ab initio EDMFs, are compared with experimental measurements. The consistency of these line intensities with the high-resolution transmission(HITRAN) molecular database demonstrates the improved accuracy of the fitted and ab initio EDMFs derived in this work.展开更多
We show that it is possible to simulate an anyon by a trapped atom which possesses an induced electric dipole moment in the background of electric and magnetic fields in a specific configuration.The electric and magne...We show that it is possible to simulate an anyon by a trapped atom which possesses an induced electric dipole moment in the background of electric and magnetic fields in a specific configuration.The electric and magnetic fields we applied contain a magnetic and two electric fields.We find that when the atom is cooled down to the limit of the negligibly small kinetic energy,the atom behaves like an anyon because its angular momentum takes fractional values.The fractional part of the angular momentum is determined by both the magnetic and one of the electric fields.Roles electric and magnetic fields played are analyzed.展开更多
On the basis of Wilson's work in which the vertical electric dipole is centrally located in GHz Transverse ElectroMagnetic (GTEM) cell, we deduce the expression for the field distribution excited by an electric di...On the basis of Wilson's work in which the vertical electric dipole is centrally located in GHz Transverse ElectroMagnetic (GTEM) cell, we deduce the expression for the field distribution excited by an electric dipole in the case that the dipole is not centrally located. It will be useful for EMC measurements using GTEM cell.展开更多
The magneto-electric dipole antenna is a kind of complementary antenna composed of a planar electric dipole and a shorted patch antenna. It has excellent electrical characteristics including wide impedance bandwidth, ...The magneto-electric dipole antenna is a kind of complementary antenna composed of a planar electric dipole and a shorted patch antenna. It has excellent electrical characteristics including wide impedance bandwidth, low cross-polarization, low back lobe radiation, nearly identical E-plane and H-plane patterns, stable radiation pattern, and steady antenna gain over the operating frequency range. In this paper, the basic characteristics of a linearly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna are reviewed, and a dual-polarized antenna element based on the magneto-electric dipole is presented. The design of a conical beam wideband antenna with horizontal polarization is also described. These antennas have practical applications in modern 2G, 3G, LTE, WiFi, and WiMax wireless communication systems.展开更多
We demonstrate via first-principle calculations based on the density functional theory that the magnetic moment of a helium atom under a given magnetic field has a positive correlation with the electric dipole moment ...We demonstrate via first-principle calculations based on the density functional theory that the magnetic moment of a helium atom under a given magnetic field has a positive correlation with the electric dipole moment when an external electric field is applied to the system.Our calculation shows that the enhancement of the magnetic moment is significant due to the reduction of the triplet-singlet splitting.We argue that this finding can be generalized to organic molecules,especially to macromolecules where the structure induced an electric dipole moment which may give rise to significantly enhanced responses to the external magnetic field.These results suggest that considerable magnetic responses prevail,particularly in bio-molecules without an inversion center.展开更多
In this article the electron is conceived as an extended particle, consisting of a negatively charged core (-q<sub>0</sub>) which is surrounded by a cloud of electric dipoles (-q, +q). The article presents...In this article the electron is conceived as an extended particle, consisting of a negatively charged core (-q<sub>0</sub>) which is surrounded by a cloud of electric dipoles (-q, +q). The article presents the illustrations that show how and why the electron spins and radiates in an external electric field. In the appendices, Bremsstrahlung & Cerenkov radiations, and the processes of Emission & Absorption of photons will be discussed.展开更多
Marine controlled source electromagnetic signal could be used in mineral resource exploration,reservoir appraisal and communicative technique in ocean. It's necessary to study the electromagnetic generated by MCSE...Marine controlled source electromagnetic signal could be used in mineral resource exploration,reservoir appraisal and communicative technique in ocean. It's necessary to study the electromagnetic generated by MCSEM. The propagation of the electromagnetic fields from a controlled source in the marine environment was studied with virtual interface method combined with discrete complex image method. Transmitter of finite length current source is approximated by dipole (HED) . A three-layered model is accepted,with sea water as intermediate conductive layer under air and a relatively high resistive seabed as basement,possibly containing a hydrogen layer of higher resistivity. The electromagnetic fields in whole space thus computed show that: (1) the spatial distribution of field component depends on its type; (2) inline Ex component is more sensitive to reservoir layer than that in broadside; (3) The airwave affects marine electromagnetic (MEM) exploration when sea water is relatively shallow; in the case of deep water MEM exploration,the airwave influence could be neglected; and (4) an appropriate frequency should be selected in order to balance the signal strength and electromagnetic induction effect.展开更多
Effects of dipole electric fields on neoclassical transport are studied. Large asym-metry in transport is created. The dipole fields, which are in a negative R-direction, reduce theion drift, increase electron drift, ...Effects of dipole electric fields on neoclassical transport are studied. Large asym-metry in transport is created. The dipole fields, which are in a negative R-direction, reduce theion drift, increase electron drift, and change the steps of excursion due to collisions. It is foundthat different levels of dipole field intensities have different types of transport. For the lowestlevel of the dipole field, the transport returns to the neoclassical one. For the highest level of thedipole field, the transport is turned to be the turbulence transport similar to the pseudo-classicaltransport. Experimental data may be corresponded to a large level of the dipole field intensity.展开更多
We propose that the QCD vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate density vary in space and drops to extremely low values in the Kennan, Barger and Cowie (KBC) void in analogy to earth’s atmospheric density drop with elevat...We propose that the QCD vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate density vary in space and drops to extremely low values in the Kennan, Barger and Cowie (KBC) void in analogy to earth’s atmospheric density drop with elevation from earth. We propose a formula for the gravitation acceleration based on the non-uniform pion tetrahedron condensate. Gravity may be due to the underlying microscopic attraction between quarks and antiquarks, which are part of the vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate. We propose an electron tetrahedron model, where electrons are comprised of tetraquark tetrahedrons, and . The quarks determine the negative electron charge and the or quarks determine the electron two spin states. The electron tetrahedron may perform a high frequency quark exchange reactions with the pion tetrahedron condensate by tunneling through the condensation gap creating a delocalized electron cloud with a fixed spin. The pion tetrahedron may act as a QCD glue bonding electron pairs in atoms and molecules and protons to neutrons in the nuclei. Conservation of valence quarks and antiquarks is proposed.展开更多
This article presents illustrations of an extended model of the electron to visualize how it spins and radiates in the external magnetic field. A time-varying magnetic field B produces a rotational induced electric fi...This article presents illustrations of an extended model of the electron to visualize how it spins and radiates in the external magnetic field. A time-varying magnetic field B produces a rotational induced electric field E which rotates (spins) the electron about its axis. In time-constant magnetic field: the electron radiates the cyclotron radiation. In time-varying magnetic field: synchrotron radiation is generated. The couplings between spin, acceleration and radiation will be discussed.展开更多
Introduction Chirality is defined as the absence of inversion symmetry,however,it is actually a pseudo-scalar of objects or figures,and does not depend for its definition on any connection to the physical world[1-5]. ...Introduction Chirality is defined as the absence of inversion symmetry,however,it is actually a pseudo-scalar of objects or figures,and does not depend for its definition on any connection to the physical world[1-5]. Logically,chiral molecules may possess other inherent physical quantity that guarantees the connection to the physical world[6,7].展开更多
Dipoles with Lorentz-type resonant electromagnetic responses can realise negative effective parameters in their negative resonant region. The electric dipole and magnetic dipole can realise, respectively, negative per...Dipoles with Lorentz-type resonant electromagnetic responses can realise negative effective parameters in their negative resonant region. The electric dipole and magnetic dipole can realise, respectively, negative permittivity and negative permeability, so both the field distribution forms of electric and magnetic dipoles are fundamentals in designing left-handed metamaterial. Based on this principle, this paper studies the field distribution in high-permittivity dielectric materials. The field distributions at different resonant modes are analysed based on the dielectric resonator theory. The origination and influence factors of the electric and magnetic dipoles are confirmed. Numerical simulations indicate that by combining dielectric cubes with different sizes, the electric resonance frequency and magnetic resonance frequency can be superposed. Finally, experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of all-dielectric left-handed metamaterial composed by this means.展开更多
We theoretically study the near-field couplings of two stacked all-dielectric nanodisks,where each disk has an electric anapole mode consisting of an electric dipole mode and an electric toroidal dipole(ETD)mode.Stron...We theoretically study the near-field couplings of two stacked all-dielectric nanodisks,where each disk has an electric anapole mode consisting of an electric dipole mode and an electric toroidal dipole(ETD)mode.Strong bonding and anti-bonding hybridizations of the ETD modes of the two disks occur.The bonding hybridized ETD can interfere with the dimer’s electric dipole mode and induce a new electric anapole mode.The anti-bonding hybridization of the ETD modes can induce a magnetic toroidal dipole(MTD)response in the disk dimer.The MTD and magnetic dipole resonances of the dimer form a magnetic anapole mode.Thus,two dips associated with the hybridized modes appear on the scattering spectrum of the dimer.Furthermore,the MTD mode is also accompanied by an electric toroidal quadrupole mode.The hybridizations of the ETD and the induced higher-order modes can be adjusted by varying the geometries of the disks.The strong anapole mode couplings and the corresponding rich higher-order mode responses in simple all-dielectric nanostructures can provide new opportunities for nanoscale optical manipulations.展开更多
A hypothetical electric and magnetic induction tensor is considered in an anisotropic medium. The sources are magnetic dipoles. In such a medium, constitute parameters can be calculated by combining electric and magne...A hypothetical electric and magnetic induction tensor is considered in an anisotropic medium. The sources are magnetic dipoles. In such a medium, constitute parameters can be calculated by combining electric and magnetic field measurements. Constitutive parameters are not a scalar in this case. They are tensors, so parameters have at least both horizontal and vertical components in a uniaxial medium. These calculated parameters from the field measurement are horizontal and vertical conductivity, permittivity, and magnetic permeability. Operating frequency range is also quite large. It is up to 4 GHz. A hypothetical instrument should measure gradient fields both electric and magnetic types as well.展开更多
Decreasing of layer thickness causes the decrease of polarization until it disappears due to the existence of depolarization field.Therefore,the search for strong piezoelectric materials is highly desirable for multif...Decreasing of layer thickness causes the decrease of polarization until it disappears due to the existence of depolarization field.Therefore,the search for strong piezoelectric materials is highly desirable for multifunctional ultra-thin piezoelectric devices.Herein,we propose a common strategy for achieving strong piezoelectric materials through the electronic asymmetry induced by the intrinsically asymmetric atomic character of different chalcogen atoms.Accordingly,in the tetrahedral lattice structures,for example,M4X3Y3(M=Pd/Ni,X/Y=S,Se or Te,X≠Y)monolayers are proved to display excellent out-of-plane piezoelectricity.Ni4Se3Te3 possesses the largest piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 61.57 pm/V,which is much larger than that of most 2D materials.Enhancing the electronic asymmetry further increases the out-of-plane piezoelectricity of Janus M4X3Y3 materials.Correspondingly,the out-of-plane piezoelectricity is positively correlated with the ratio of electronegativity difference(Red)and the electric dipole moment(P).This work provides alternative materials for energy harvesting nano-devices or self-energized wearable devices,and supplies a valuable guideline for predicting 2D materials with strong out-of-plane piezoelectricity.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11005049,10979007,and 10974021)
文摘The static electric dipole polarizabilities of the ground state and n ≤ 3 excited states of a lithium atom embedded in a weekly coupled plasma environment are investigated as a function of the plasma screening radium. The plasma screening of the Coulomb interaction is described by the Debye-Hiickel potential and the interaction between the valence electron and the atomic core is described by a model potential. The electron energies and wave functions for both the bound and continuum states are calculated by solving the SchrSdinger equation numerically using the symplectic integrator. The oscillator strengths, partial-wave, and total static dipole polarizabilities of the ground state and n ≤ 3 excited states of the lithium atom are calculated. Comparison of present results with those of other authors, when available, is made. The results for the 2s ground state demonstrated that the oscillator strengths and the static dipole polarizabilities from np orbitals do not always increase or decrease with the plasma screening effect increasing, unlike that for hydrogen-like ions, especially for 2s→3p transition there is a zero value for both the oscillator strength and the static dipole polarizability for screening length D = 10.3106a0, which is associated with the Cooper minima.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 19874014 and 20074007), Doctoral Fund for Universities and "863" Projects.
文摘The transition from the biexciton to the exciton can turn over the direction of the electric dipole of a polymericmolecule. This turning-over action combined with the photoinduced polarization reversion can be used as a switch. Theswitching speed is governed by the relaxation time of the turning-over process, which can be determined by a dynamicalsimulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10874253 and 10874173)
文摘Lead borate glasses xB2O3+(99–x)PbO+0.5Eu2O3(x=70,60,...,10) were prepared by melt-quenching method.The luminescent properties were characterized with excitation and emission spectra.The emission intensities for 5D0-7FJ(J=0–4) were analyzed to give variation of the relative electric dipole line strengths with the composition of glasses so as to examine the crucial implicit assumption of independent electric dipole line strength on the composition of glass in the Phys.Rev.Lett.2003,91,203903 paper studying l...
基金Sponsored by National Defense Pre-research Foundation(51444070105JB11)
文摘In the case of three-layered(air-seawater-seabed)model,the analytical expressions of the static electric and static magnetic field produced by the static electric dipole located in seawater were derived by using the mirror image theory.Combined with the distribution of the underwater electric potential measured in laboratory,an electric dipole model for physical scale of ship was established and the distribution characteristics of an actual ship' s corrosion related magnetic field were obtained.Based on established models,theoretical analysis and calculation were made to catch out the distribution characteristics of static magnetic field related with corrosion and anticorrosion,which can not be measured directly in seawater.The results show that the static magnetic field related with corrosion and anticorrosion is a kind of noteworthy obstacle signal for degaussed ships.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB921603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(GrantNos.61378039,61078013,61178009,and 11274209)+3 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,China(Grant No.IRT13076)the Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Science of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.J1210036)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.2012011003-2)the Shanxi International Collaboration Program,China(Grant No.2010081046)
文摘Recently, the diverse properties of Rydberg atoms, which probably arise from its large electric dipole moment （EDM）, have been explored. In this paper, we report electric dipole moments along with Stark energies and charge densities of lithium Rydberg states in the presence of electric fields, calculated by matrix diagonalization. Huge electric dipole moments are discovered. In order to check the validity of the EDMs, we also use these electric dipole moments to calculate the Stark energies by numerical integration. The results agree with those calculated by matrix diagonalization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11374217 and 11474207)
文摘An accurate electric dipole moment function(EDMF) is obtained for the carbon monoxide(CO) molecule(X1+Σ)by fitting the experimental rovibrational transitional moments. Additionally, an accurate ab initio EDMF is found using the highly accurate, multi-reference averaged coupled-pair functional(ACPF) approach with the basis set, aug-cc-p V6 Z, and a finite-field with ±0.005 a.u.(The unit a.u. is the abbreviation of atomic unit). This ab initio EDMF is very consistent with the fitted ones. The vibrational transition matrix moments and the Herman–Wallis factors, calculated with the Rydberg–Klein–Rees(RKR) potential and the fitted and ab initio EDMFs, are compared with experimental measurements. The consistency of these line intensities with the high-resolution transmission(HITRAN) molecular database demonstrates the improved accuracy of the fitted and ab initio EDMFs derived in this work.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11465006),20200981-SIP-IPN,and the CONACyT(Grant No.288856-CB-2016).
文摘We show that it is possible to simulate an anyon by a trapped atom which possesses an induced electric dipole moment in the background of electric and magnetic fields in a specific configuration.The electric and magnetic fields we applied contain a magnetic and two electric fields.We find that when the atom is cooled down to the limit of the negligibly small kinetic energy,the atom behaves like an anyon because its angular momentum takes fractional values.The fractional part of the angular momentum is determined by both the magnetic and one of the electric fields.Roles electric and magnetic fields played are analyzed.
基金Supported by the Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘On the basis of Wilson's work in which the vertical electric dipole is centrally located in GHz Transverse ElectroMagnetic (GTEM) cell, we deduce the expression for the field distribution excited by an electric dipole in the case that the dipole is not centrally located. It will be useful for EMC measurements using GTEM cell.
文摘The magneto-electric dipole antenna is a kind of complementary antenna composed of a planar electric dipole and a shorted patch antenna. It has excellent electrical characteristics including wide impedance bandwidth, low cross-polarization, low back lobe radiation, nearly identical E-plane and H-plane patterns, stable radiation pattern, and steady antenna gain over the operating frequency range. In this paper, the basic characteristics of a linearly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna are reviewed, and a dual-polarized antenna element based on the magneto-electric dipole is presented. The design of a conical beam wideband antenna with horizontal polarization is also described. These antennas have practical applications in modern 2G, 3G, LTE, WiFi, and WiMax wireless communication systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11974366)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘We demonstrate via first-principle calculations based on the density functional theory that the magnetic moment of a helium atom under a given magnetic field has a positive correlation with the electric dipole moment when an external electric field is applied to the system.Our calculation shows that the enhancement of the magnetic moment is significant due to the reduction of the triplet-singlet splitting.We argue that this finding can be generalized to organic molecules,especially to macromolecules where the structure induced an electric dipole moment which may give rise to significantly enhanced responses to the external magnetic field.These results suggest that considerable magnetic responses prevail,particularly in bio-molecules without an inversion center.
文摘In this article the electron is conceived as an extended particle, consisting of a negatively charged core (-q<sub>0</sub>) which is surrounded by a cloud of electric dipoles (-q, +q). The article presents the illustrations that show how and why the electron spins and radiates in an external electric field. In the appendices, Bremsstrahlung & Cerenkov radiations, and the processes of Emission & Absorption of photons will be discussed.
基金Supperted by project of the National Science Foundation of China(No.40874050)
文摘Marine controlled source electromagnetic signal could be used in mineral resource exploration,reservoir appraisal and communicative technique in ocean. It's necessary to study the electromagnetic generated by MCSEM. The propagation of the electromagnetic fields from a controlled source in the marine environment was studied with virtual interface method combined with discrete complex image method. Transmitter of finite length current source is approximated by dipole (HED) . A three-layered model is accepted,with sea water as intermediate conductive layer under air and a relatively high resistive seabed as basement,possibly containing a hydrogen layer of higher resistivity. The electromagnetic fields in whole space thus computed show that: (1) the spatial distribution of field component depends on its type; (2) inline Ex component is more sensitive to reservoir layer than that in broadside; (3) The airwave affects marine electromagnetic (MEM) exploration when sea water is relatively shallow; in the case of deep water MEM exploration,the airwave influence could be neglected; and (4) an appropriate frequency should be selected in order to balance the signal strength and electromagnetic induction effect.
基金This project supported by National Science Foundations of China (No. 19885006, No. 10175020) and Nuclear Pre-research Fund (No. 4160205030305)
文摘Effects of dipole electric fields on neoclassical transport are studied. Large asym-metry in transport is created. The dipole fields, which are in a negative R-direction, reduce theion drift, increase electron drift, and change the steps of excursion due to collisions. It is foundthat different levels of dipole field intensities have different types of transport. For the lowestlevel of the dipole field, the transport returns to the neoclassical one. For the highest level of thedipole field, the transport is turned to be the turbulence transport similar to the pseudo-classicaltransport. Experimental data may be corresponded to a large level of the dipole field intensity.
文摘We propose that the QCD vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate density vary in space and drops to extremely low values in the Kennan, Barger and Cowie (KBC) void in analogy to earth’s atmospheric density drop with elevation from earth. We propose a formula for the gravitation acceleration based on the non-uniform pion tetrahedron condensate. Gravity may be due to the underlying microscopic attraction between quarks and antiquarks, which are part of the vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate. We propose an electron tetrahedron model, where electrons are comprised of tetraquark tetrahedrons, and . The quarks determine the negative electron charge and the or quarks determine the electron two spin states. The electron tetrahedron may perform a high frequency quark exchange reactions with the pion tetrahedron condensate by tunneling through the condensation gap creating a delocalized electron cloud with a fixed spin. The pion tetrahedron may act as a QCD glue bonding electron pairs in atoms and molecules and protons to neutrons in the nuclei. Conservation of valence quarks and antiquarks is proposed.
文摘This article presents illustrations of an extended model of the electron to visualize how it spins and radiates in the external magnetic field. A time-varying magnetic field B produces a rotational induced electric field E which rotates (spins) the electron about its axis. In time-constant magnetic field: the electron radiates the cyclotron radiation. In time-varying magnetic field: synchrotron radiation is generated. The couplings between spin, acceleration and radiation will be discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60171008)Shanghai Science and Technology Commit-tee(No.0452nm087).
文摘Introduction Chirality is defined as the absence of inversion symmetry,however,it is actually a pseudo-scalar of objects or figures,and does not depend for its definition on any connection to the physical world[1-5]. Logically,chiral molecules may possess other inherent physical quantity that guarantees the connection to the physical world[6,7].
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.50632030,60871027 and 10804130)in part by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2009CB613306)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.SJ08F01)
文摘Dipoles with Lorentz-type resonant electromagnetic responses can realise negative effective parameters in their negative resonant region. The electric dipole and magnetic dipole can realise, respectively, negative permittivity and negative permeability, so both the field distribution forms of electric and magnetic dipoles are fundamentals in designing left-handed metamaterial. Based on this principle, this paper studies the field distribution in high-permittivity dielectric materials. The field distributions at different resonant modes are analysed based on the dielectric resonator theory. The origination and influence factors of the electric and magnetic dipoles are confirmed. Numerical simulations indicate that by combining dielectric cubes with different sizes, the electric resonance frequency and magnetic resonance frequency can be superposed. Finally, experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of all-dielectric left-handed metamaterial composed by this means.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11704416 and 11704107)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2021JJ20076)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2020CFB557)。
文摘We theoretically study the near-field couplings of two stacked all-dielectric nanodisks,where each disk has an electric anapole mode consisting of an electric dipole mode and an electric toroidal dipole(ETD)mode.Strong bonding and anti-bonding hybridizations of the ETD modes of the two disks occur.The bonding hybridized ETD can interfere with the dimer’s electric dipole mode and induce a new electric anapole mode.The anti-bonding hybridization of the ETD modes can induce a magnetic toroidal dipole(MTD)response in the disk dimer.The MTD and magnetic dipole resonances of the dimer form a magnetic anapole mode.Thus,two dips associated with the hybridized modes appear on the scattering spectrum of the dimer.Furthermore,the MTD mode is also accompanied by an electric toroidal quadrupole mode.The hybridizations of the ETD and the induced higher-order modes can be adjusted by varying the geometries of the disks.The strong anapole mode couplings and the corresponding rich higher-order mode responses in simple all-dielectric nanostructures can provide new opportunities for nanoscale optical manipulations.
文摘A hypothetical electric and magnetic induction tensor is considered in an anisotropic medium. The sources are magnetic dipoles. In such a medium, constitute parameters can be calculated by combining electric and magnetic field measurements. Constitutive parameters are not a scalar in this case. They are tensors, so parameters have at least both horizontal and vertical components in a uniaxial medium. These calculated parameters from the field measurement are horizontal and vertical conductivity, permittivity, and magnetic permeability. Operating frequency range is also quite large. It is up to 4 GHz. A hypothetical instrument should measure gradient fields both electric and magnetic types as well.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11474123).
文摘Decreasing of layer thickness causes the decrease of polarization until it disappears due to the existence of depolarization field.Therefore,the search for strong piezoelectric materials is highly desirable for multifunctional ultra-thin piezoelectric devices.Herein,we propose a common strategy for achieving strong piezoelectric materials through the electronic asymmetry induced by the intrinsically asymmetric atomic character of different chalcogen atoms.Accordingly,in the tetrahedral lattice structures,for example,M4X3Y3(M=Pd/Ni,X/Y=S,Se or Te,X≠Y)monolayers are proved to display excellent out-of-plane piezoelectricity.Ni4Se3Te3 possesses the largest piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 61.57 pm/V,which is much larger than that of most 2D materials.Enhancing the electronic asymmetry further increases the out-of-plane piezoelectricity of Janus M4X3Y3 materials.Correspondingly,the out-of-plane piezoelectricity is positively correlated with the ratio of electronegativity difference(Red)and the electric dipole moment(P).This work provides alternative materials for energy harvesting nano-devices or self-energized wearable devices,and supplies a valuable guideline for predicting 2D materials with strong out-of-plane piezoelectricity.
