[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the occurrence levels of endocrine disruptors(EDCs)in rural areas around a county landfill in Tongren City.[Methods]The water around the landfill was sampled and analyze...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the occurrence levels of endocrine disruptors(EDCs)in rural areas around a county landfill in Tongren City.[Methods]The water around the landfill was sampled and analyzed.A solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)method was established for the determination of 27 EDCs.After the HLB solid-phase extraction column was activated,a water sample,which was adjusted with phosphoric acid to a pH of 2(±0.5)and added with 500 mg of disodium EDTA,was loaded,and 5 ml of water and 20%methanol water was added for washing.Next,10 ml of elution solution was added for elution,and the collected eluate was evaporated under reduced pressure at 40℃to near dryness,and 1 ml of reconstitution solution was added to a constant volume.An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(100×2.1 mm,2.6μm)chromatographic column was adopted for LC separation by gradient elution with pure water solution-acetonitrile as the mobile phase.For MS detection,the MRM mode was adopted for collection,and the positive and negative ion modes were switched for simultaneous determination,and the internal standard method was used for quantification.[Results]The correlation coefficient R2 was greater than 0.99 in the linear range of each target substance.The limits of quantitation in the method were between 0.05 and 2.00 ng/L,and the recoveries ranged from 75.3%to 105.7%.[Conclusions]The method has high sensitivity,good accuracy and strong practical value.展开更多
Obesity is becoming an inevitable pandemic all over the world.The World Obesity Federation predicts in the 2022 World Obesity Atlas that one billion people worldwide,including 1 in 5 women and 1 in 7 men,will be livin...Obesity is becoming an inevitable pandemic all over the world.The World Obesity Federation predicts in the 2022 World Obesity Atlas that one billion people worldwide,including 1 in 5 women and 1 in 7 men,will be living with obesity by 2030.Moreover,the prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide,and diabetes is becoming more of a public health problem.Increased insulin resistance due to obesity and deficiency in insulin secretion are the two main causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).An exogenous chemical or mixture of chemicals that interferes with any aspect of hormone action was defined as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs).Bisphenol A(BPA),the first known EDC,was synthesized and was considered to be estrogenic.Global production of BPA has increased progressively from 5 to 8 million tons(MT)between 2010 and 2016.Furthermore,researchers estimated that the production should reach 10.2 MT by 2022.The human population is exposed to EDCs in daily life in such forms as pesticides/herbicides,industrial and household products,plastics,detergents,and personal care products.The term obesogen was used for chemicals that promote weight gain and obesity by increasing the number of adipocytes and fat storage in existing adipocytes,changing the energy balance,and finally regulating appetite and satiety.Besides the obesogenic effect,EDCs can cause T2DM through alteration inßcell function and morphology and insulin resistance.In this review,we provide clinical and mechanistic evidence regarding EDCs as obesogen and diabetogen.However,those studies are not enough methodologically to indicate causality.In this respect,randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the association between obesogen,diabetogen and the related metabolic clinical picture.展开更多
In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub&...In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of available literature published. The result on the regression analysis over different exposure times has demonstrated that the EC<sub>50</sub> of hepatic biomarkers falls with increasing exposure times in a predictable manner. The slopes of the regression equations reflect the strength of the toxic effects on the various teleost fish. The EC<sub>50</sub> reduction over time can be interpreted based on the bioconcentration process, which can be used to understand transfer routes of the compounds from water to fish body. RLE model also provides useful information in assessing the toxic effects on fish life expectancy as a result of the occurrence of compounds.展开更多
Exposure to endocrine disruptors(EDCs) could disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis. However, human epidemiological studies reported inconsistent observations, and scarce information on the effect of a mixture of chemica...Exposure to endocrine disruptors(EDCs) could disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis. However, human epidemiological studies reported inconsistent observations, and scarce information on the effect of a mixture of chemicals. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of multiple chemicals with thyroid hormones among adults from China. We measured serum levels of thyroid hormones and urinary levels of 11 EDCs, including six phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A(BPA), bisphenol F(BPF), bisphenol S(BPS), perchlorate, and thiocyanate among 177 healthy adults without occupational exposure. Associations of multiple urinary analytes with serum thyroid hormones were examined by performing general linear regression analysis and bayesian kernal machine regression analysis. These EDCs were detected in almost all samples. After adjusting for various covariates, we observed only BPF significantly associated with total thyroxin(TT4)(β=-0.27, 95% confidence interval(CI) [-0.41,-0.14]), total triiodothyronine(TT3)(β=-0.02 95% CI [-0.03,-0.01]), free T4(fT4)(β=-0.02, 95% CI [-0.03,-0.01]), and free T3(fT3)(β=-0.04, 95% CI [-0.07,-0.01]), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate(MEOHP) and monoethyl phthalate(MEP) positively associated with TT4(β=0.24, 95% CI [0.01, 0.48]) and fT4(β=0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.04]), respectively. Moreover, we observed significant dose-response relationships between TT4 and the mixture of11 EDCs, and BPF was the main contributor to the mixture effect, suggesting the priority of potential effect of BPF on disrupting thyroid function under a real scenario of human exposure to multiple EDCs. Our findings supported the hypothesis that human exposure to low levels of EDCs could alter thyroid hormones homeostasis among non-occupational healthy adults.展开更多
The ozone oxidation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in drinking water was investigated.A stainless completely mixed reactor was employed to carry out the degradation experiments by means of a batch model.With an in...The ozone oxidation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in drinking water was investigated.A stainless completely mixed reactor was employed to carry out the degradation experiments by means of a batch model.With an initial concentration of 11.0 mg/L,the removal efficiencies of BPA(bisphenol A)could be measured up to 70%,82%,and 90%when the dosages of ozone were 1,1.5,and 2 mg/L,respectively.The impacts on BPA degradation under the con-ditions of different ozone dosages,water background values,BPA initial concentrations,and ozone adding time were ana-lyzed.The results showed that ozone dosage plays a dominant role during the process of BPA degradation,while the impact of the contact time could be ignored.UV wavelength scan-ning was used to confirm that the by-products were produced,which could be absorbed at UV254.The value of UV254 was observed to have changed during the ozonation process.Based on the change of UV254,it could be concluded that BPA is not completely degraded at low ozone dosage,while shorter adding time of total ozone dosage,high ozone dosage,and improvement of dissolved ozone concentration greatly contribute to the extent of BPA degradation.The effects of applied H_(2)O_(2) dose in ozone oxidation of BPA were also examined in this study.The O_(3)-H_(2)O_(2) processes proved to have similar effects on the degradation of BPA by ozone oxidation.展开更多
Our endocrine system is not only complex,but is also enormously sensitive to the imbalances caused by the environmental stressors,extreme weather situation,and other geographical factors.The endocrine disruptions are ...Our endocrine system is not only complex,but is also enormously sensitive to the imbalances caused by the environmental stressors,extreme weather situation,and other geographical factors.The endocrine disruptions are associated with the bone diseases.Osteoporosis is a bone disorder that occurs when bone mineral density and bone mass decrease.It affects women and men of all races and ethnic groups,causing bone weakness and the risk of fractures.Environmental stresses are referred to physical,chemical,and biological factors that can impact species productivity.This research aims to examine the impact of environmental stresses on bone diseases like osteoporosis and low bone mass(LBM)in the United States(US).For this purpose,we use an artificial neural network model to evaluate the correlation between the data.A multilayer neural network model is constructed using the Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm,and its performance is evaluated by mean absolute error and coefficient of correlation.The data of osteoporosis and LBM cases in the US are divided into three groups,including gender group,age group,and race/ethnicity group.Each group shows a positive correlation with environmental stresses and thus the endocrinology.展开更多
Endocrine disruptors(EDs)are synthetic or natural chemical molecules occurring in environment that have the potential to impart adverse effects on homeostasis of endocrine axis leading to neurological,developmental,im...Endocrine disruptors(EDs)are synthetic or natural chemical molecules occurring in environment that have the potential to impart adverse effects on homeostasis of endocrine axis leading to neurological,developmental,immunological and reproductive disarray at organismal level.A wide range of structurally diverse EDs such as,sex-steroid hormone mimics,pesticides and fertilizers,prevail in the environment originating from waste of industries,pharmaceutics,sewage treatment plants and agriculture.In addition,some metals,such as Cu,Hg and Zn,have endocrine disrupting potency in their metallic as well as synthesized nano-particulate forms.There is an increasing concern in research for the plausible threat posed by EDs that can disrupt the endocrine system in aquatic fauna as these compounds are frequently discharged or run-off into water stream.Fishes are well known bio-indicators to understand toxicity of EDs as they are vulnerable to endocrine disruption.Furthermore,EDs have the potential to affect fish-feeding higher vertebrates including mammals and subsequently human,as they make their way up on the food web pyramid due to biomagnification.In light of this,several observations suggesting adverse effects of EDs and the mechanism contributing to endocrine disruption in fish are discussed extensively in this review.This article highlights the necessity to choose a credible model for assessing the toxic effects exerted by EDs.Furthermore,the toxic effects of EDs will be comprehensively reviewed with reference to sexual plasticity,neuroendocrine mechanisms,thyroid and immune modulation,gonadal development and maturation as well as changes in transcriptome/genome profile using fish models to imply ED-induced aquatic pollution in a larger perspective.For decades now,studies on EDs have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology to develop new molecular markers to improve methodologies and to assess the ecological risks associated with field conditions.In this regard,it is imperative to highlight the development of modern diagnostic tools including biosensors to monitor the inadvertent usage of EDs and the resultant environmental risks.Lastly,current limitations in knowledge along with future research perspectives in the field are also highlighted in this article.展开更多
The aim of this study was developed and validated an analytical method based on liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction to monitorizing ten endocrine hormone disrupters in Lisbo...The aim of this study was developed and validated an analytical method based on liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction to monitorizing ten endocrine hormone disrupters in Lisbon drinking water system. Natural and synthetic hormones (17-β-estradiol, ethinylestradiol, estriol, estrone, progesterone, mestranol and diethylstilbestrol) and some industrial products (4-n-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol and bisphenol A) were studied. Mass spectrometer detection parameters were optimized, such as the best conditions for the precursor ion formation, namely cone voltage, when applying negative and positive electrospray ionization, and also collision energy for MRM1 and MRM2 transitions. The best conditions of the solid phase extraction (SPE) using Waters Oasis HLB (6 mL, 200 mg) and Isolute C18 (EC) (6 ml, 1000 mg) were also optimized. The method was validated through the application of several statistical tests and the uncertainty estimation of the analytical assay. This method showed a very good linear range for all the studied analytes with determination coefficients (r2) between 0.9962 and 0.9999 and coefficients of variation lower than 4%. There were no significant differences between recoveries obtained with the studied matrices, like groundwater, surface water and water for human consumption. In these matrices, the recovery values varied between 32 and 95%. The limits of method detection were between 0.28 and 22 ng/L. The validated method was applied for the analysis of water samples from the EPAL (Empresa Portuguesa das águas Livres, S.A.) water supply system including tap water, spring water, groundwater, and river water. Some target compounds (bisphenol A, progesterone, 4-tert-octylphenol, and 4-n-nonylphenol) were found in trace amounts in analysed waters.展开更多
Objective:To assess the potential of plantain-based diet in modulating testicular toxicities in rats exposed to atrazine.Methods:The plantain-based diet at 50%,25% and 12.5% were prepared from the basal diet by substi...Objective:To assess the potential of plantain-based diet in modulating testicular toxicities in rats exposed to atrazine.Methods:The plantain-based diet at 50%,25% and 12.5% were prepared from the basal diet by substituting the corn starch with plantain fruit pulp flour at different percentages.Wistar rats were fed plantain-based diet in varying concentrations ranging from 12.5% to 50% of the basal diet for 21 days before or after atrazine treatment in a two-phase experiment:preventive and therapeutic phases.The therapeutic model(n=35)had seven groups with 5 rats each,including the control,atrazine,atrazine recovery,atrazine plus plantain-based diet 50%,25%,12.5%,and atrazine plus quercetin groups.The preventive model(n=30)had six groups of 5 rats,consisting of the control,atrazine,50%,25%,12.5% plantain-based diet plus atrazine,and quercetin plus atrazine groups.Gonadal hormones(testosterone,luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone),sperm parameters(sperm motility,viability,morphology and concentration),and testicular function indices(protein,cholesterol,glycogen,acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase)were measured.Results:The gonadal hormones,sperm characteristics,and testicular function indices of the rat testis decreased significantly in the atrazine group alongside degeneration of the histoarchitecture.However,plantain-based diet restored the gonadal hormone concentrations,semen parameters,and testicular function indices in both the preventive and therapeutic models.Conclusions:Treatment with plantain-based diet protects against rat testicular toxicity caused by atrazine via the modulation of gonadal hormones,sperm quality,testicular function index as well as histoarchitecture of rat testes.展开更多
Bisphenol A (BPA), an important endocrine disruptor, is used in the manufacturing of various materials, including food packaging. Ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs is, in fact, the most relevant form of exposure to...Bisphenol A (BPA), an important endocrine disruptor, is used in the manufacturing of various materials, including food packaging. Ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs is, in fact, the most relevant form of exposure to this substance. However, scarce data on the presence of this contaminant in milk, or whether different types of food packaging influence food contamination are available in Brazil. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the BPA contamination of whole milk (fluid and powder) samples packaged in different types of packaging (Tetra Pak?;PET: Poly (ethylene terephthalate;Metallic can (epoxy resin);Polyethylene (PE) and poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVDC);Laminated Film - Metallized Polyester-Polyethylene and glass) and marketed metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An analytical method for the BPA determination in milk was optimized for both fluid (pasteurized and ultra-high temperature) and powdered milk samples. A modified QuEChERS method was applied, and BPA determinations were conducted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with sequential mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The validated method was then applied to 51 milk samples, where BPA was detected in five samples (9.8%) and quantified in two (3.8%).展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the potential of Gracilaria changii extract in ameliorating the potential adverse effects of bisphenol A.Methods:The antioxidant capacity of Gracilaria changii extracted using different solvents(...Objective:To evaluate the potential of Gracilaria changii extract in ameliorating the potential adverse effects of bisphenol A.Methods:The antioxidant capacity of Gracilaria changii extracted using different solvents(methanol,ethanol,and aqueous)was studied.The mice were administered by oral gavage with bisphenol A(60 mg/kg body weight)for 6 weeks with or without Gracilaria changii aqueous extract.Thereafter,the mice were either euthanized for histology and immunohistochemistry studies or mated to evaluate the pregnancy rate.Results:Gracilaria changii aqueous extract showed the highest antioxidant properties compared with extract using methanol and ethanol.The aqueous extract of Gracilaria changii improved the uterus index and uterine lipid peroxidation after bisphenol A exposure,although the uterine expressions of estrogen receptors and complement C3 were not improved.Histological evaluation of the uterus during the estrus stage has revealed that the extract could mitigate bisphenol A-induced adverse effects in the uterus as there was a lower percentage of mice showing abnormalities like decreased eosin staining in the myometrium,and decrease in the number of eosinophil and endometrial glands in the endometrium.Besides,Gracilaria changii aqueous extract improved the pregnancy rate of mice administered with bisphenol A.Conclusions:Gracilaria changii extract protects against bisphenol A-induced female reproductive abnormalities in mice which may be mediated via modulation of eosinophil migration,endometrial gland formation,and protein expressions associated with prostaglandins in the myometrium.展开更多
This in silico toxicogenomic study aims to explore the relationship between phthalates and bisphenol A(BPA)co-exposure and obesity,as well as its comorbid conditions,in order to construct a possible set of genomic bio...This in silico toxicogenomic study aims to explore the relationship between phthalates and bisphenol A(BPA)co-exposure and obesity,as well as its comorbid conditions,in order to construct a possible set of genomic biomarkers.The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database(CTD;http://ctd.mdibl.org)was used as the main data mining tool,along with GeneMania(https://genemania.org),ToppGene Suite(https://toppgene.cchmc.org)and DisGeNET(http://www.disgenet.org).Among the phthalates,bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)and dibutyl phthalate(DBP)were chosen as the most frequently curated phthalates in CTD,which also share similar mechanisms of toxicity.DEHP,DBP and BPA interacted with 84,90 and 194 obesity-related genes/proteins,involved in 67,65 and 116 pathways,respectively.Among these,53 genes/proteins and 42 pathways were common to all three substances.31 genes/proteins had matching interactions for all three investigated substances,while more than half of these genes/proteins(56.49%)were in co-expression.7 of the common genes/proteins(6 relevant to humans:CCL2,IL6,LPL,PPARG,SERPINE1,and TNF)were identified in all the investigated obesity comorbidities,while PPARG and LPL were most closely linked to obesity.These genes/proteins could serve as a target for further in vitro and in vivo studies of molecular mechanisms of DEHP,DBP and BPA mixture obesogenic properties.Analysis reported here should be applicable to any mixture of environmental chemicals and any disease present in CTD.展开更多
The article aims to underline the impact of nicotine and pesticides on neuronal <i>α</i>7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expression in brainstem regions receiving cholinergic projections, given their f...The article aims to underline the impact of nicotine and pesticides on neuronal <i>α</i>7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expression in brainstem regions receiving cholinergic projections, given their fundamental role during the neuronal development. The in-depth histopathological/immunohistochemical examination of the autonomic nervous system performed at the “Lino Rossi” Research Center of the Milan University on a wide group of sudden unexpected fetal and infant deaths, highlighted the frequent hypodevelopment of brainstem structures checking the vital functions associated to altered expression of <i>α</i>7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and smoke absorption in pregnancy. A dysregulation of the catecholamine system was also observed in the cerebellar cortex of the same cases. However, in a not negligible percentage of sudden deaths with altered expression of <i>α</i>7-nicotinic receptors, the mothers never smoked but lived in rural areas. Specific analytical procedures showed the presence of agricultural pesticides in cerebral cortex samples of these victims. Therefore, it is possible to believe that the exposition to pesticides during pregnancy can produce the same harmful effects as nicotine on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Moreover, alterations of <i>α</i>7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors receptor expression were also detected in the lungs of many sudden perinatal death victims, allowing to consider even these findings as possible consequence of maternal exposure to toxic factors.展开更多
During the past decades,populous expansion in mast cell scientific literature came forth with more,than forty-four thousand PubMed publications available to date.Such surge is due to the appreciation of the momentous ...During the past decades,populous expansion in mast cell scientific literature came forth with more,than forty-four thousand PubMed publications available to date.Such surge is due to the appreciation of the momentous role of mast cells in the evolution of species,in the development and maintenance of vital physiological functions,such as reproduction,homeostasis,and fluids,diverse immunological roles,and the potential of far-reaching effects despite minute numbers.While the emerging knowledge of the importance of mast cells in equilibrium comes of age when looking at the matter from an evolutionary perspective,the recognition of mast cells beyond detrimental performance in allergies and asthma,during protection against parasites,falters.Beyond wellknown classical functions,mast cells can process and present antigens,can serve as a viral reservoir,can respond to hormones and xenobiotics,initiate antiviral and antibacterial responses,phagocytosis,apoptosis,and participate in important developmental cornerstones.During evolution,upon the development of a sophisticated niche of innate and adaptive cell populations,certain mast cell functions became partially transmutable,yet the potency of mast cells remained considerable.Reviewing mast cells enables us to reflect on the certitude,that our sophisticated,complex physiology is rooted deeply in evolution,which we carry ancient remnants of,ones that may have decisive roles in our functioning.This communication sets out the goal of characterizing mast cells,particularly the aspects less in limelight yet of immense significance,without the aspiration exhaust it all.展开更多
Ninety-six farmers interviewed in Kabare,east of the DR Congo during 2021.Farmers majority were males(79.17%),ranging 30 to 60 years,used different pesticides in vegetable farms and the main solanaceous crops cultivat...Ninety-six farmers interviewed in Kabare,east of the DR Congo during 2021.Farmers majority were males(79.17%),ranging 30 to 60 years,used different pesticides in vegetable farms and the main solanaceous crops cultivated is tomato.The use of insecticide and fungicide were high,with many different formulations of the different class types recorded in use,(20%)endocrine disruptors,(40%)cholinesterase inhibitors,(35%)carcinogen and potential carcinogens suspected to be.A lot of out of those pesticides are unregistered for general use.Farmers applied pesticide once a week and they didn’t have specific instructions.The skin effects,headaches and dizziness are dominant.They do not have a good system of pesticide packaging management.For reducing pesticide application,we propose options of agro ecology.We suggest that the Congolese government must create a quarantine,control and surveillance service for phytosanitary products,fruits and vegetables within the DRC country and at these borders.Also,it needs urgent action from the federal and regional governments to formulate policy,design legislation,and enforcing for its implementation concerning the supply,transportation,storage,appropriateness,and application of harmful pesticides.展开更多
Steroid hormones, alkylphenol ethoxylates(APEOs) and phthalic acid esters(PAEs) are emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs) that can interfere with the endocrine function in organisms at low concentrations. The ...Steroid hormones, alkylphenol ethoxylates(APEOs) and phthalic acid esters(PAEs) are emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs) that can interfere with the endocrine function in organisms at low concentrations. The occurrence, distribution behavior, removal rate and the fate of 31 target EDCs in sewage treatment plants, which consist of various treatment facilities and receiving water in Hong Kong, were investigated. Estrone,nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate and diethyl phthalate were found to be dominant in each group of influent samples with concentrations ranging from 11–33, 747–3945 and 445–4635 ng/L,respectively. Conversely, progesterone, nonylphenol-mono-ethoxylate and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were the most abundant in dewatered sludge, with concentrations ranging from 0.9–237, 75–19,743 and 4310–37,016 ng/g(dry weight). The removal rates of primary sedimentation and disinfection approaches were lower than 30% for most of the chemicals,while those of activated sludge and reverse osmosis were greater than 80% for more than two-thirds of the compounds, noticeably decreasing the estrogenic risk of sewage discharged into the environment. Steroid hormones were removed via biological degradation, while some APEOs and PAEs adsorbed to the sludge. Victoria Harbor poses a low to medium estrogenic risk mainly contributed by estrone and estradiol and deserves attention.展开更多
Bisphenol A(BPA,2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane;CAS#80-05-7)is a highly produced industrial chemical,with an estimated four billion kilograms produced worldwide each year(reviewed in Vandenberg et al.,2010).BPA serves...Bisphenol A(BPA,2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane;CAS#80-05-7)is a highly produced industrial chemical,with an estimated four billion kilograms produced worldwide each year(reviewed in Vandenberg et al.,2010).BPA serves as a monomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate,a hard,clear plastic.Polycarbonate plastics are used in many consumer products,such as reusable water bottles.BPA is also widely used to make epoxy resins,which are used as coating on the inside of展开更多
Iodoacetic acid(IAA) is an unregulated water disinfection byproduct that is an ovarian toxicant. However, the mechanisms of action underlying IAA toxicity in ovarian follicles remain unclear. Thus, we determined wheth...Iodoacetic acid(IAA) is an unregulated water disinfection byproduct that is an ovarian toxicant. However, the mechanisms of action underlying IAA toxicity in ovarian follicles remain unclear. Thus, we determined whether IAA alters gene expression in ovarian follicles in mice. Adult female mice were dosed with water or IAA(10 or 500 mg/L) in the water for 35-40 days. Antral follicles were collected for RNA-sequencing analysis and sera were collected to measure estradiol. RNA-sequencing analysis identified 1063 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) in the 10 and 500 mg/L IAA groups(false discovery rate FDR < 0.1), respectively, compared to controls. Gene Ontology Enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were involved with RNA processing and regulation of angiogenesis(10 mg/L) and the cell cycle and cell division(500 mg/L). Pathway Enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were involved in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B(PI3K-Akt), gonadotropin-releasing hormone(Gn RH), estrogen, and insulin signaling pathways(10 mg/L). Pathway Enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were involved in the oocyte meiosis, Gn RH, and oxytocin signaling pathways(500 mg/L). RNA-sequencing analysis identified 809 DEGs when comparing the 500 and 10 mg/L IAA groups(FDR < 0.1). DEGs were related to ribosome, translation, m RNA processing, oxidative phosphorylation, chromosome, cell cycle, cell division, protein folding, and the oxytocin signaling pathway. Moreover, IAA exposure significantly decreased estradiol levels(500 mg/L) compared to control. This study identified key candidate genes and pathways involved in IAA toxicity and can help to further understand the molecular mechanisms of IAA toxicity in ovarian follicles.展开更多
In this study the aqueous oxidation kinetics of estriol(E3)by potassium ferrate(K_(2)FeO_(4)),a chemical for its strong oxidizing power and for producing a coagulant from its reduced state(i.e.Fe(III)),was evaluated i...In this study the aqueous oxidation kinetics of estriol(E3)by potassium ferrate(K_(2)FeO_(4)),a chemical for its strong oxidizing power and for producing a coagulant from its reduced state(i.e.Fe(III)),was evaluated in the range of pH 8–12 with different molar ratios of the reactants.As the degree of Fe(VI)protonation varies with the solution pH,it was found that afirst order model was not suitable to describe the oxidation reaction.This paper describes a theoretical representation that closely models the reaction kinetics of E3 and ferrate.From this modeling,the reaction rates of HFeO_(4)^(-) and FeO_(4)^(2-) with E3 have been determined.The results show that the reactivity of HFeO–with dissociated and undissociated E3 is greater than that4 of FeO_(4)^(2-),and that E3 is more reactive in its dissociated state.展开更多
Porous Porous Co_(x)Ni_(1-x)TiO_(3) nanorods were successfully synthesized through a solution-based method following an ethylene glycol route at room temperature.The effect of calcination temperature from 300℃to 900...Porous Porous Co_(x)Ni_(1-x)TiO_(3) nanorods were successfully synthesized through a solution-based method following an ethylene glycol route at room temperature.The effect of calcination temperature from 300℃to 900℃ for NiTiO_(3) and CoTiO_(3) nanorods was studied using X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy in order to investigate their structural and morphological properties.The optimum calcination temperature to prepare pure ilmenite type structure rods with high crystallinity and hexagonal shape was 600Co_(x)Ni_(1-x)TiO_(3) exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of ethyl paraben,an endocrine disrupting compound,under simulated solar or visible light irradiation.Nearly complete(i.e.92%)paraben degradation occurred after 5 h of solar irradiation and this decreased to 48%when only the visible part of the radiation was employed.The solar photocatalytic activity of CoTiO_(3) and NiTiO_(3) was found to be 42%and 67%,respectively.展开更多
基金Supported by Tongren Science and Technology Planning Project (TSKY[2022]42)Education Science Planning Project of Department of Education of Guizhou Province (2023B111).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the occurrence levels of endocrine disruptors(EDCs)in rural areas around a county landfill in Tongren City.[Methods]The water around the landfill was sampled and analyzed.A solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)method was established for the determination of 27 EDCs.After the HLB solid-phase extraction column was activated,a water sample,which was adjusted with phosphoric acid to a pH of 2(±0.5)and added with 500 mg of disodium EDTA,was loaded,and 5 ml of water and 20%methanol water was added for washing.Next,10 ml of elution solution was added for elution,and the collected eluate was evaporated under reduced pressure at 40℃to near dryness,and 1 ml of reconstitution solution was added to a constant volume.An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(100×2.1 mm,2.6μm)chromatographic column was adopted for LC separation by gradient elution with pure water solution-acetonitrile as the mobile phase.For MS detection,the MRM mode was adopted for collection,and the positive and negative ion modes were switched for simultaneous determination,and the internal standard method was used for quantification.[Results]The correlation coefficient R2 was greater than 0.99 in the linear range of each target substance.The limits of quantitation in the method were between 0.05 and 2.00 ng/L,and the recoveries ranged from 75.3%to 105.7%.[Conclusions]The method has high sensitivity,good accuracy and strong practical value.
文摘Obesity is becoming an inevitable pandemic all over the world.The World Obesity Federation predicts in the 2022 World Obesity Atlas that one billion people worldwide,including 1 in 5 women and 1 in 7 men,will be living with obesity by 2030.Moreover,the prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide,and diabetes is becoming more of a public health problem.Increased insulin resistance due to obesity and deficiency in insulin secretion are the two main causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).An exogenous chemical or mixture of chemicals that interferes with any aspect of hormone action was defined as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs).Bisphenol A(BPA),the first known EDC,was synthesized and was considered to be estrogenic.Global production of BPA has increased progressively from 5 to 8 million tons(MT)between 2010 and 2016.Furthermore,researchers estimated that the production should reach 10.2 MT by 2022.The human population is exposed to EDCs in daily life in such forms as pesticides/herbicides,industrial and household products,plastics,detergents,and personal care products.The term obesogen was used for chemicals that promote weight gain and obesity by increasing the number of adipocytes and fat storage in existing adipocytes,changing the energy balance,and finally regulating appetite and satiety.Besides the obesogenic effect,EDCs can cause T2DM through alteration inßcell function and morphology and insulin resistance.In this review,we provide clinical and mechanistic evidence regarding EDCs as obesogen and diabetogen.However,those studies are not enough methodologically to indicate causality.In this respect,randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the association between obesogen,diabetogen and the related metabolic clinical picture.
文摘In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of available literature published. The result on the regression analysis over different exposure times has demonstrated that the EC<sub>50</sub> of hepatic biomarkers falls with increasing exposure times in a predictable manner. The slopes of the regression equations reflect the strength of the toxic effects on the various teleost fish. The EC<sub>50</sub> reduction over time can be interpreted based on the bioconcentration process, which can be used to understand transfer routes of the compounds from water to fish body. RLE model also provides useful information in assessing the toxic effects on fish life expectancy as a result of the occurrence of compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21976046, 21537001, and 21507018)by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFC1600500)。
文摘Exposure to endocrine disruptors(EDCs) could disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis. However, human epidemiological studies reported inconsistent observations, and scarce information on the effect of a mixture of chemicals. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of multiple chemicals with thyroid hormones among adults from China. We measured serum levels of thyroid hormones and urinary levels of 11 EDCs, including six phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A(BPA), bisphenol F(BPF), bisphenol S(BPS), perchlorate, and thiocyanate among 177 healthy adults without occupational exposure. Associations of multiple urinary analytes with serum thyroid hormones were examined by performing general linear regression analysis and bayesian kernal machine regression analysis. These EDCs were detected in almost all samples. After adjusting for various covariates, we observed only BPF significantly associated with total thyroxin(TT4)(β=-0.27, 95% confidence interval(CI) [-0.41,-0.14]), total triiodothyronine(TT3)(β=-0.02 95% CI [-0.03,-0.01]), free T4(fT4)(β=-0.02, 95% CI [-0.03,-0.01]), and free T3(fT3)(β=-0.04, 95% CI [-0.07,-0.01]), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate(MEOHP) and monoethyl phthalate(MEP) positively associated with TT4(β=0.24, 95% CI [0.01, 0.48]) and fT4(β=0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.04]), respectively. Moreover, we observed significant dose-response relationships between TT4 and the mixture of11 EDCs, and BPF was the main contributor to the mixture effect, suggesting the priority of potential effect of BPF on disrupting thyroid function under a real scenario of human exposure to multiple EDCs. Our findings supported the hypothesis that human exposure to low levels of EDCs could alter thyroid hormones homeostasis among non-occupational healthy adults.
基金This work was completed with help from all members of the project team led by Professor GAO Naiyun.This work was supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development(863)Program of China(Grant No.2002AA649410)the Basic Science Research Program of Shanghai(Grant No.05JC14059)+1 种基金the Excellent Young Teachers Program of Tongji UniversityThis work belongs to the open pro- gram of the state key laboratory of pollution control and resources reuse (PCRRF05007), Tongji University.
文摘The ozone oxidation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in drinking water was investigated.A stainless completely mixed reactor was employed to carry out the degradation experiments by means of a batch model.With an initial concentration of 11.0 mg/L,the removal efficiencies of BPA(bisphenol A)could be measured up to 70%,82%,and 90%when the dosages of ozone were 1,1.5,and 2 mg/L,respectively.The impacts on BPA degradation under the con-ditions of different ozone dosages,water background values,BPA initial concentrations,and ozone adding time were ana-lyzed.The results showed that ozone dosage plays a dominant role during the process of BPA degradation,while the impact of the contact time could be ignored.UV wavelength scan-ning was used to confirm that the by-products were produced,which could be absorbed at UV254.The value of UV254 was observed to have changed during the ozonation process.Based on the change of UV254,it could be concluded that BPA is not completely degraded at low ozone dosage,while shorter adding time of total ozone dosage,high ozone dosage,and improvement of dissolved ozone concentration greatly contribute to the extent of BPA degradation.The effects of applied H_(2)O_(2) dose in ozone oxidation of BPA were also examined in this study.The O_(3)-H_(2)O_(2) processes proved to have similar effects on the degradation of BPA by ozone oxidation.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by NRPU 4275.
文摘Our endocrine system is not only complex,but is also enormously sensitive to the imbalances caused by the environmental stressors,extreme weather situation,and other geographical factors.The endocrine disruptions are associated with the bone diseases.Osteoporosis is a bone disorder that occurs when bone mineral density and bone mass decrease.It affects women and men of all races and ethnic groups,causing bone weakness and the risk of fractures.Environmental stresses are referred to physical,chemical,and biological factors that can impact species productivity.This research aims to examine the impact of environmental stresses on bone diseases like osteoporosis and low bone mass(LBM)in the United States(US).For this purpose,we use an artificial neural network model to evaluate the correlation between the data.A multilayer neural network model is constructed using the Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm,and its performance is evaluated by mean absolute error and coefficient of correlation.The data of osteoporosis and LBM cases in the US are divided into three groups,including gender group,age group,and race/ethnicity group.Each group shows a positive correlation with environmental stresses and thus the endocrinology.
基金SK and PS are grateful to the University of Hyderabad for Non-NET fellowships.NA is thankful to the Junior Research Fellowship support by a grant-in-aid(BT/PR15748/AAQ/3/803/2016)from the Department of Biotechnology(DBT)India awarded to BS.BS is also a recipient of TATA innovation fellowship(BT/HRD/35/01/02/2013)from DBT,India(during the years:2014-2019)which is acknowledged.
文摘Endocrine disruptors(EDs)are synthetic or natural chemical molecules occurring in environment that have the potential to impart adverse effects on homeostasis of endocrine axis leading to neurological,developmental,immunological and reproductive disarray at organismal level.A wide range of structurally diverse EDs such as,sex-steroid hormone mimics,pesticides and fertilizers,prevail in the environment originating from waste of industries,pharmaceutics,sewage treatment plants and agriculture.In addition,some metals,such as Cu,Hg and Zn,have endocrine disrupting potency in their metallic as well as synthesized nano-particulate forms.There is an increasing concern in research for the plausible threat posed by EDs that can disrupt the endocrine system in aquatic fauna as these compounds are frequently discharged or run-off into water stream.Fishes are well known bio-indicators to understand toxicity of EDs as they are vulnerable to endocrine disruption.Furthermore,EDs have the potential to affect fish-feeding higher vertebrates including mammals and subsequently human,as they make their way up on the food web pyramid due to biomagnification.In light of this,several observations suggesting adverse effects of EDs and the mechanism contributing to endocrine disruption in fish are discussed extensively in this review.This article highlights the necessity to choose a credible model for assessing the toxic effects exerted by EDs.Furthermore,the toxic effects of EDs will be comprehensively reviewed with reference to sexual plasticity,neuroendocrine mechanisms,thyroid and immune modulation,gonadal development and maturation as well as changes in transcriptome/genome profile using fish models to imply ED-induced aquatic pollution in a larger perspective.For decades now,studies on EDs have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology to develop new molecular markers to improve methodologies and to assess the ecological risks associated with field conditions.In this regard,it is imperative to highlight the development of modern diagnostic tools including biosensors to monitor the inadvertent usage of EDs and the resultant environmental risks.Lastly,current limitations in knowledge along with future research perspectives in the field are also highlighted in this article.
文摘The aim of this study was developed and validated an analytical method based on liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction to monitorizing ten endocrine hormone disrupters in Lisbon drinking water system. Natural and synthetic hormones (17-β-estradiol, ethinylestradiol, estriol, estrone, progesterone, mestranol and diethylstilbestrol) and some industrial products (4-n-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol and bisphenol A) were studied. Mass spectrometer detection parameters were optimized, such as the best conditions for the precursor ion formation, namely cone voltage, when applying negative and positive electrospray ionization, and also collision energy for MRM1 and MRM2 transitions. The best conditions of the solid phase extraction (SPE) using Waters Oasis HLB (6 mL, 200 mg) and Isolute C18 (EC) (6 ml, 1000 mg) were also optimized. The method was validated through the application of several statistical tests and the uncertainty estimation of the analytical assay. This method showed a very good linear range for all the studied analytes with determination coefficients (r2) between 0.9962 and 0.9999 and coefficients of variation lower than 4%. There were no significant differences between recoveries obtained with the studied matrices, like groundwater, surface water and water for human consumption. In these matrices, the recovery values varied between 32 and 95%. The limits of method detection were between 0.28 and 22 ng/L. The validated method was applied for the analysis of water samples from the EPAL (Empresa Portuguesa das águas Livres, S.A.) water supply system including tap water, spring water, groundwater, and river water. Some target compounds (bisphenol A, progesterone, 4-tert-octylphenol, and 4-n-nonylphenol) were found in trace amounts in analysed waters.
文摘Objective:To assess the potential of plantain-based diet in modulating testicular toxicities in rats exposed to atrazine.Methods:The plantain-based diet at 50%,25% and 12.5% were prepared from the basal diet by substituting the corn starch with plantain fruit pulp flour at different percentages.Wistar rats were fed plantain-based diet in varying concentrations ranging from 12.5% to 50% of the basal diet for 21 days before or after atrazine treatment in a two-phase experiment:preventive and therapeutic phases.The therapeutic model(n=35)had seven groups with 5 rats each,including the control,atrazine,atrazine recovery,atrazine plus plantain-based diet 50%,25%,12.5%,and atrazine plus quercetin groups.The preventive model(n=30)had six groups of 5 rats,consisting of the control,atrazine,50%,25%,12.5% plantain-based diet plus atrazine,and quercetin plus atrazine groups.Gonadal hormones(testosterone,luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone),sperm parameters(sperm motility,viability,morphology and concentration),and testicular function indices(protein,cholesterol,glycogen,acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase)were measured.Results:The gonadal hormones,sperm characteristics,and testicular function indices of the rat testis decreased significantly in the atrazine group alongside degeneration of the histoarchitecture.However,plantain-based diet restored the gonadal hormone concentrations,semen parameters,and testicular function indices in both the preventive and therapeutic models.Conclusions:Treatment with plantain-based diet protects against rat testicular toxicity caused by atrazine via the modulation of gonadal hormones,sperm quality,testicular function index as well as histoarchitecture of rat testes.
文摘Bisphenol A (BPA), an important endocrine disruptor, is used in the manufacturing of various materials, including food packaging. Ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs is, in fact, the most relevant form of exposure to this substance. However, scarce data on the presence of this contaminant in milk, or whether different types of food packaging influence food contamination are available in Brazil. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the BPA contamination of whole milk (fluid and powder) samples packaged in different types of packaging (Tetra Pak?;PET: Poly (ethylene terephthalate;Metallic can (epoxy resin);Polyethylene (PE) and poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVDC);Laminated Film - Metallized Polyester-Polyethylene and glass) and marketed metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An analytical method for the BPA determination in milk was optimized for both fluid (pasteurized and ultra-high temperature) and powdered milk samples. A modified QuEChERS method was applied, and BPA determinations were conducted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with sequential mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The validated method was then applied to 51 milk samples, where BPA was detected in five samples (9.8%) and quantified in two (3.8%).
基金supported by the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman(UTAR)Research Fund(IPSR/RMC/UTARRF 2017-C1/K04)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the potential of Gracilaria changii extract in ameliorating the potential adverse effects of bisphenol A.Methods:The antioxidant capacity of Gracilaria changii extracted using different solvents(methanol,ethanol,and aqueous)was studied.The mice were administered by oral gavage with bisphenol A(60 mg/kg body weight)for 6 weeks with or without Gracilaria changii aqueous extract.Thereafter,the mice were either euthanized for histology and immunohistochemistry studies or mated to evaluate the pregnancy rate.Results:Gracilaria changii aqueous extract showed the highest antioxidant properties compared with extract using methanol and ethanol.The aqueous extract of Gracilaria changii improved the uterus index and uterine lipid peroxidation after bisphenol A exposure,although the uterine expressions of estrogen receptors and complement C3 were not improved.Histological evaluation of the uterus during the estrus stage has revealed that the extract could mitigate bisphenol A-induced adverse effects in the uterus as there was a lower percentage of mice showing abnormalities like decreased eosin staining in the myometrium,and decrease in the number of eosinophil and endometrial glands in the endometrium.Besides,Gracilaria changii aqueous extract improved the pregnancy rate of mice administered with bisphenol A.Conclusions:Gracilaria changii extract protects against bisphenol A-induced female reproductive abnormalities in mice which may be mediated via modulation of eosinophil migration,endometrial gland formation,and protein expressions associated with prostaglandins in the myometrium.
基金supported by TheMinistry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia[Contact Number 451-03-9/2021-14/200161].
文摘This in silico toxicogenomic study aims to explore the relationship between phthalates and bisphenol A(BPA)co-exposure and obesity,as well as its comorbid conditions,in order to construct a possible set of genomic biomarkers.The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database(CTD;http://ctd.mdibl.org)was used as the main data mining tool,along with GeneMania(https://genemania.org),ToppGene Suite(https://toppgene.cchmc.org)and DisGeNET(http://www.disgenet.org).Among the phthalates,bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)and dibutyl phthalate(DBP)were chosen as the most frequently curated phthalates in CTD,which also share similar mechanisms of toxicity.DEHP,DBP and BPA interacted with 84,90 and 194 obesity-related genes/proteins,involved in 67,65 and 116 pathways,respectively.Among these,53 genes/proteins and 42 pathways were common to all three substances.31 genes/proteins had matching interactions for all three investigated substances,while more than half of these genes/proteins(56.49%)were in co-expression.7 of the common genes/proteins(6 relevant to humans:CCL2,IL6,LPL,PPARG,SERPINE1,and TNF)were identified in all the investigated obesity comorbidities,while PPARG and LPL were most closely linked to obesity.These genes/proteins could serve as a target for further in vitro and in vivo studies of molecular mechanisms of DEHP,DBP and BPA mixture obesogenic properties.Analysis reported here should be applicable to any mixture of environmental chemicals and any disease present in CTD.
文摘The article aims to underline the impact of nicotine and pesticides on neuronal <i>α</i>7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expression in brainstem regions receiving cholinergic projections, given their fundamental role during the neuronal development. The in-depth histopathological/immunohistochemical examination of the autonomic nervous system performed at the “Lino Rossi” Research Center of the Milan University on a wide group of sudden unexpected fetal and infant deaths, highlighted the frequent hypodevelopment of brainstem structures checking the vital functions associated to altered expression of <i>α</i>7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and smoke absorption in pregnancy. A dysregulation of the catecholamine system was also observed in the cerebellar cortex of the same cases. However, in a not negligible percentage of sudden deaths with altered expression of <i>α</i>7-nicotinic receptors, the mothers never smoked but lived in rural areas. Specific analytical procedures showed the presence of agricultural pesticides in cerebral cortex samples of these victims. Therefore, it is possible to believe that the exposition to pesticides during pregnancy can produce the same harmful effects as nicotine on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Moreover, alterations of <i>α</i>7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors receptor expression were also detected in the lungs of many sudden perinatal death victims, allowing to consider even these findings as possible consequence of maternal exposure to toxic factors.
文摘During the past decades,populous expansion in mast cell scientific literature came forth with more,than forty-four thousand PubMed publications available to date.Such surge is due to the appreciation of the momentous role of mast cells in the evolution of species,in the development and maintenance of vital physiological functions,such as reproduction,homeostasis,and fluids,diverse immunological roles,and the potential of far-reaching effects despite minute numbers.While the emerging knowledge of the importance of mast cells in equilibrium comes of age when looking at the matter from an evolutionary perspective,the recognition of mast cells beyond detrimental performance in allergies and asthma,during protection against parasites,falters.Beyond wellknown classical functions,mast cells can process and present antigens,can serve as a viral reservoir,can respond to hormones and xenobiotics,initiate antiviral and antibacterial responses,phagocytosis,apoptosis,and participate in important developmental cornerstones.During evolution,upon the development of a sophisticated niche of innate and adaptive cell populations,certain mast cell functions became partially transmutable,yet the potency of mast cells remained considerable.Reviewing mast cells enables us to reflect on the certitude,that our sophisticated,complex physiology is rooted deeply in evolution,which we carry ancient remnants of,ones that may have decisive roles in our functioning.This communication sets out the goal of characterizing mast cells,particularly the aspects less in limelight yet of immense significance,without the aspiration exhaust it all.
文摘Ninety-six farmers interviewed in Kabare,east of the DR Congo during 2021.Farmers majority were males(79.17%),ranging 30 to 60 years,used different pesticides in vegetable farms and the main solanaceous crops cultivated is tomato.The use of insecticide and fungicide were high,with many different formulations of the different class types recorded in use,(20%)endocrine disruptors,(40%)cholinesterase inhibitors,(35%)carcinogen and potential carcinogens suspected to be.A lot of out of those pesticides are unregistered for general use.Farmers applied pesticide once a week and they didn’t have specific instructions.The skin effects,headaches and dizziness are dominant.They do not have a good system of pesticide packaging management.For reducing pesticide application,we propose options of agro ecology.We suggest that the Congolese government must create a quarantine,control and surveillance service for phytosanitary products,fruits and vegetables within the DRC country and at these borders.Also,it needs urgent action from the federal and regional governments to formulate policy,design legislation,and enforcing for its implementation concerning the supply,transportation,storage,appropriateness,and application of harmful pesticides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NFSC)-Research Grants Committee Joint Research Scheme (N_City U127/12)the National Natural Science Foundation (41276111)+2 种基金the General Research Fund (CityU 11338216, 11100614)Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20130401145617289)State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP) Director Discretionary Fund
文摘Steroid hormones, alkylphenol ethoxylates(APEOs) and phthalic acid esters(PAEs) are emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs) that can interfere with the endocrine function in organisms at low concentrations. The occurrence, distribution behavior, removal rate and the fate of 31 target EDCs in sewage treatment plants, which consist of various treatment facilities and receiving water in Hong Kong, were investigated. Estrone,nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate and diethyl phthalate were found to be dominant in each group of influent samples with concentrations ranging from 11–33, 747–3945 and 445–4635 ng/L,respectively. Conversely, progesterone, nonylphenol-mono-ethoxylate and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were the most abundant in dewatered sludge, with concentrations ranging from 0.9–237, 75–19,743 and 4310–37,016 ng/g(dry weight). The removal rates of primary sedimentation and disinfection approaches were lower than 30% for most of the chemicals,while those of activated sludge and reverse osmosis were greater than 80% for more than two-thirds of the compounds, noticeably decreasing the estrogenic risk of sewage discharged into the environment. Steroid hormones were removed via biological degradation, while some APEOs and PAEs adsorbed to the sludge. Victoria Harbor poses a low to medium estrogenic risk mainly contributed by estrone and estradiol and deserves attention.
基金Alberta HealthAlberta Innovates+2 种基金the Canada Research Chairs Programthe Canadian Institutes of Health Researchthe Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
文摘Bisphenol A(BPA,2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane;CAS#80-05-7)is a highly produced industrial chemical,with an estimated four billion kilograms produced worldwide each year(reviewed in Vandenberg et al.,2010).BPA serves as a monomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate,a hard,clear plastic.Polycarbonate plastics are used in many consumer products,such as reusable water bottles.BPA is also widely used to make epoxy resins,which are used as coating on the inside of
基金supported by grant numbers NIH R21 ES028963 , NIH T32 ES007326an Environmental Toxicology Fellowship。
文摘Iodoacetic acid(IAA) is an unregulated water disinfection byproduct that is an ovarian toxicant. However, the mechanisms of action underlying IAA toxicity in ovarian follicles remain unclear. Thus, we determined whether IAA alters gene expression in ovarian follicles in mice. Adult female mice were dosed with water or IAA(10 or 500 mg/L) in the water for 35-40 days. Antral follicles were collected for RNA-sequencing analysis and sera were collected to measure estradiol. RNA-sequencing analysis identified 1063 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) in the 10 and 500 mg/L IAA groups(false discovery rate FDR < 0.1), respectively, compared to controls. Gene Ontology Enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were involved with RNA processing and regulation of angiogenesis(10 mg/L) and the cell cycle and cell division(500 mg/L). Pathway Enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were involved in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B(PI3K-Akt), gonadotropin-releasing hormone(Gn RH), estrogen, and insulin signaling pathways(10 mg/L). Pathway Enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were involved in the oocyte meiosis, Gn RH, and oxytocin signaling pathways(500 mg/L). RNA-sequencing analysis identified 809 DEGs when comparing the 500 and 10 mg/L IAA groups(FDR < 0.1). DEGs were related to ribosome, translation, m RNA processing, oxidative phosphorylation, chromosome, cell cycle, cell division, protein folding, and the oxytocin signaling pathway. Moreover, IAA exposure significantly decreased estradiol levels(500 mg/L) compared to control. This study identified key candidate genes and pathways involved in IAA toxicity and can help to further understand the molecular mechanisms of IAA toxicity in ovarian follicles.
基金grateful for the financial support of National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five year Plan of China(2006BAJ08B06)National Important Project(2008ZX07421-002)+2 种基金State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Project(PCRRF08005)Shanghai Science and Technology Foundation“Innovation Plan of 2007”(No.072312001)the Research Committee of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in providing a Ph.D scholarship for Cong Li and the China Postdoc Foundation.
文摘In this study the aqueous oxidation kinetics of estriol(E3)by potassium ferrate(K_(2)FeO_(4)),a chemical for its strong oxidizing power and for producing a coagulant from its reduced state(i.e.Fe(III)),was evaluated in the range of pH 8–12 with different molar ratios of the reactants.As the degree of Fe(VI)protonation varies with the solution pH,it was found that afirst order model was not suitable to describe the oxidation reaction.This paper describes a theoretical representation that closely models the reaction kinetics of E3 and ferrate.From this modeling,the reaction rates of HFeO_(4)^(-) and FeO_(4)^(2-) with E3 have been determined.The results show that the reactivity of HFeO–with dissociated and undissociated E3 is greater than that4 of FeO_(4)^(2-),and that E3 is more reactive in its dissociated state.
基金the Stavros Niarchos Foundation within the framework of the project ARCHERS(“Advancing Young Researchers'Human Capital in Cutting Edge Technologies in the Preservation of Cultural Heritage and the Tackling of Societal Challenges”).Ms.M.Moschogiannaki acknowledges Onassis Foundation for providing a scholarship for graduate studies.
文摘Porous Porous Co_(x)Ni_(1-x)TiO_(3) nanorods were successfully synthesized through a solution-based method following an ethylene glycol route at room temperature.The effect of calcination temperature from 300℃to 900℃ for NiTiO_(3) and CoTiO_(3) nanorods was studied using X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy in order to investigate their structural and morphological properties.The optimum calcination temperature to prepare pure ilmenite type structure rods with high crystallinity and hexagonal shape was 600Co_(x)Ni_(1-x)TiO_(3) exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of ethyl paraben,an endocrine disrupting compound,under simulated solar or visible light irradiation.Nearly complete(i.e.92%)paraben degradation occurred after 5 h of solar irradiation and this decreased to 48%when only the visible part of the radiation was employed.The solar photocatalytic activity of CoTiO_(3) and NiTiO_(3) was found to be 42%and 67%,respectively.
