In the present study the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment and the types of enzyme on oil yield were investigated.The optimum ultrasonic pretreatment parameters were found to be 250 W of ultrasonic power,30 min of ul...In the present study the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment and the types of enzyme on oil yield were investigated.The optimum ultrasonic pretreatment parameters were found to be 250 W of ultrasonic power,30 min of ultrasonic time,and 50℃of ultrasonic temperature.Five types of enzyme,Cellulase,Viscozyme L,Alcalase 2.4L,Protex 6L,and Protex 7L,were evaluated for their effectiveness in releasing oil from ultrasonic pretreated perilla seeds.The highest oil yield of 81.74%was observed in cellulase treated perilla seed samples.The physicochemical properties of the control,hexane,and enzyme extracted perilla seed oils were compared.No significant(P>0.05)differences were observed in iodine value,refractive index,unsaponifiable matter,saponification value,peroxide value,and acid value.展开更多
Objective:To assess the In vivo anlioxid Fanl and hepaloproleclive activity of metlianolic exlracl of Daucus carota(D.carota) seeds in experimental animals.Methods:Methanolic extracts of D.carota seeds is used for hep...Objective:To assess the In vivo anlioxid Fanl and hepaloproleclive activity of metlianolic exlracl of Daucus carota(D.carota) seeds in experimental animals.Methods:Methanolic extracts of D.carota seeds is used for hepatoproleclion assessment.Oxidative stress were induced in rats by thioacetamide 100 nig/kg s.c.in four groups of rats(two test,standard and toxic control). Two test groups received D.carota seeds extract[DCSE) at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Standard group received silymarin(25 mg/kg) and toxic control received only thioacetamide. Control group received only vehicle.On the 8th day animals were sacrificed and liver enzyme like serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(SGPT),serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(SCOT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)were estimated in blood serum and antioxidant enzyme like superoxide disnuituse(SOD),cululase(CAT),glutathione reductase(CKD),glutathione peroxidase(GPX),glutalhione-S-transferase(GST)and lipid peroxidation(LPO)were estimated in liver homogcnatc.Results:A significant decrease in SGPT,SCOT and ALP levels was observed in all drug treated groups as compared to thioacetamide group(P<0.001) and in case of antioxidant enzyme a significant(P<0.001) increase in SOD.CAT,GRD,GPX and GST was observed in all dmg treated groups as compared with thioacetamide group.But in case of LPO a significant(P <0.001) reduction was observed as compared to toxic control group.Conclusions:DCSE has contributed lo the reduction of oxidative stress and the protection of liver in experimental rals.展开更多
This study was aimed at evaluating the physicochemical properties and oxidation stability of castor oil using microwave-assisted solvent extraction(MAE). MAE was performed using 5% ethanol in hexane as solvent at diff...This study was aimed at evaluating the physicochemical properties and oxidation stability of castor oil using microwave-assisted solvent extraction(MAE). MAE was performed using 5% ethanol in hexane as solvent at different extraction times, power intensities and solvent-to-feed(S/F, ml of solvent to gram of feed) ratios.The process parameters were optimized by statistical approach using historical data design of response surface method(RSM). The oils were characterized for yield, physicochemical properties, dielectric properties and oxidation stability, and comparison was also made with oil extracted using Soxhlet method. Results show that the maximum oil yield of 37% was obtained at 20 min with microwave power intensity of 330 W and S/F ratio of 20. The main fatty acid composition of castor oil is ricinoleic acid. The density, refractive index, dielectric properties and oxidation stability of oils are not affected by the extraction methods and extraction parameters of MAE. However, the MAE-extracted oil is more viscous compared to that by Soxhlet method. With extra caution on oil oxidation, MAE could be a promising solvent extraction method with an 86% less in processing time and a higher yield.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the in vivo trypanocidal activity of the methanol extract and fractions of Abrus precatorius seeds in mice.Methods:Parasiteamia was induced unto mice by intraperitoneal injection of 1.25×10&...Objective:To evaluate the in vivo trypanocidal activity of the methanol extract and fractions of Abrus precatorius seeds in mice.Methods:Parasiteamia was induced unto mice by intraperitoneal injection of 1.25×10<sup>5</sup> Trypanosoma in normal saline.Five days when a high level of parasiteamia was established treatment commenced until ten days.The mice were treated with 10,20 and 40 mg/kg bt.of the extract and 5 and 10 mg/kg bt.of the fraction（F<sub>2</sub>）,respectively for 5 days.Diminazene acelurate at the dose of 3.5 mg/kg bt.for two days was used as the reference drug.The level of parasitaemia and packed cell volume（PCV） of the animals estimated. Results:At doses of 10,20 and 40 mg/kg the crude extract showed a sharp reduction in the level of parasitaemia in mice compared with the untreated group.The mice treated with F,at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg showed a sharp reduction in the level of parasitamia to zero in day 9,and a gradual recovery from the 12th day of treatment.This effect is comparable to that of the mice treated with 7 mg/kg of standard drug diminazene aceturate.The PCV of the treated showed a gradual decrease with time,but not as much as the untreated group.Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of glycosides,alkaloids,carbohydrates,tannins and proteins in the Abrus precatorius powder while F<sub>2</sub> was rich in alkaloids.Conclusions:This study shows that both the extract and the fractions of Abrus precatorius seeds exhibited a promising trypanocidal property.Alkaloids may be responsible for the observed activity.展开更多
Objective:To conduct a systemic evaluation of the medicinal value of seeds which include macroscopic and microscopic characterization,physiochomical evaluation,preliminary phylochemical screening and experimental anti...Objective:To conduct a systemic evaluation of the medicinal value of seeds which include macroscopic and microscopic characterization,physiochomical evaluation,preliminary phylochemical screening and experimental antipyretic activity.Methods:Saraca asoca seed was studied for pharmacognostical,phytochemical and other recommended methods for standardizations.Also,the acetone extract of the seeds was evaluated for acute toxicity study and antipyretic activity using Brewer's yeast induced pyrexia in Wislar rats at oral doses of 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg.Results:After phytochemical screening,the acetone extract showed the presence of saponin,tannins and flavonoids which inhibit pyrexia.The therapeutic efficacy achieved at both the dose levels of the research drug and standard drug aspirin(100 mg/kg)showed significant(P<0.01)antipyretic activity when compared to the control group.The highly significant antipyretic effect exhibited at the dose of 500 mg/kg was also found to be sustainable in nature.Conclusions:The antipyretic effect of the acetone extract showed significant results in rats at the dose of 500 mg/kg after following the standard pharmacognostical and phylochemieal met hods.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the food wastes compost (FWC) and its non-aerated fermented extract (NFCE) on seed germination and growth of tomato (<i>Solanum</i> <i>lycopersi...The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the food wastes compost (FWC) and its non-aerated fermented extract (NFCE) on seed germination and growth of tomato (<i>Solanum</i> <i>lycopersicum</i> L.), watercress (<i>Nasturtium</i> <i>officinale</i>), chili pepper (<i>Capsicum</i> <i>annuum</i>), peas (<i>Pisum</i> <i>sativum</i> L.), chickpea (<i>Cicer</i> <i>arietinum</i>) and beans (<i>Vicia</i> <i>faba</i>) under greenhouse conditions. The FWC and NFCE were physico-chemically and microbiologically characterized. The NFCE effect was evaluated on tomato, watercress, and chili pepper seeds germination and seedling growth. However, for leguminous, pea, chickpea and bean seedlings, the FWC amended soils and irrigated with NFCE were tested for plants growth. The results of FWC analyses revealed that FWC has neutral pH, low EC and C/N ratio, with fertilizing elements (N, P, K and Mg) and lack of phytotoxic effect. The NFCE was characterized by low EC and relatively high carbon content (COD = 9700 mg/l), and intense microbial activity, notably mesophilic bacteria. Therefore, in fermented compost extract, mesophilic bacteria were increased by 225, yeasts by 25 and molds by 10 times compared to those of the investigated compost. In greenhouse, the diluted NFCE increased significantly (<i>p</i>< 0.05) germination and growth of the tested seedlings. Used alone, the FWC amended soil or the NFCE irrigated soil, improved the growth of tested seedlings. The use of soil amended with compost and irrigated by fermented compost extract decreased significantly the growth of the same experimented seedlings. Therefore, the FWC and its fermented extract were a suitable substrate for germination and growth of the studied seeds.展开更多
Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) is an ecologically and economically important tree species in East Asia. Molecular studies of seed development of this species are limited due to the lack of effective RNA ...Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) is an ecologically and economically important tree species in East Asia. Molecular studies of seed development of this species are limited due to the lack of effective RNA extraction protocols. This study aimed to obtain an effective method to extract high-quality RNA from Korean pine seeds. The TRIzol kit and CTAB methods were used to extract the total RNA from Korean pine seeds at different developmental stages. The bands of RNA extracted by CTAB were not clear, whereas the bands of RNA extracted by the TRIzol kit were brighter and clearer, indicating higher quality and integrity of the RNA products extracted by the TRIzol kit. The 28 S r RNA band was approximately1.5- to 2-fold brighter than the 18 S r RNA band on the agarose gel electrophoresis. The absorbance value A260/280 was 1.8–2.0, and the absorbance value A 260/230 was [1.9. The Bioanalyzer RNA integrity results showed that the RNA integrity number of the RNA extracted using the TRIzol kit was acceptable for high-throughputsequencing. Therefore, the total RNA extracted using the TRIzol kit method can be used for high-throughput sequencing and other molecular biology experiments.展开更多
Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of oil from watermelon seeds. Based on single factor experiments,the material to liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction solvent exhibite...Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of oil from watermelon seeds. Based on single factor experiments,the material to liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction solvent exhibited the highest effects on oil extraction. The mathematical model was established according to the Box-Behnken central composite design. The optimal extraction conditions consisted of a material to liquid ratio of 1∶ 16. 3( g / ml),an extraction time of 45. 4 min,and petroleum ether as the organic solvent. The predicted and actual yields of watermelon seed oil were 27. 92% and 28. 04%,respectively. The extracted oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The results revealed that watermelon seed oil contained several types of acids and esters; the relative percentages of the components were determined by a normalization method. The main fatty acids included linoleic acid,palmitic acid,oleic acid,and stearic acid,which accounted for 91. 24% of the total components.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the extraction process of antioxidant active components from seeds of Firmiana platanifolia.[Methods]The seeds of F.platanifolia were taken as the research object.The primary samples of seeds o...[Objectives]To optimize the extraction process of antioxidant active components from seeds of Firmiana platanifolia.[Methods]The seeds of F.platanifolia were taken as the research object.The primary samples of seeds of F.platanifolia were prepared following the procedure of selection,cleaning,shelling,drying and pulverization.The DPPH·(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)scavenging rate of the extract of seeds of F.platanifolia was used as an indicator,to conduct the single factor experiment for determining optimum single factors such as extraction solvent,extraction time,solid-to-liquid ratio,and extraction temperature.Then the experimental design was optimized by the response surface methodology.[Results]Single factor experiment showed that the optimal extraction solvent for the antioxidant active components of F.platanifolia seeds was ethyl acetate,the optimal extraction time was 50 min,the optimum solid-to-liquid ratio was 1∶6 g/mL,and the optimal extraction temperature was 60℃.The response surface optimization experiment showed that the optimal extraction process of the antioxidant active component extract of F.platanifolia seeds was:the extraction solvent was ethyl acetate,the extraction time was 45 min,the solid-to-liquid ratio was 1∶5 g/mL,and the extraction temperature was 55℃,which was basically consistent with the results of single factor experiment.Under the optimal extraction conditions,the DPPH·scavenging rate of ethyl acetate extract(200 mg/mL)of F.platanifolia seeds was 94.25%,which was equivalent to that of vitamin E(V E)solution(147.39 mg/L)dissolved with ethyl acetate.[Conclusions]The ethyl acetate extract of F.platanifolia seeds has a strong antioxidant capacity of eliminating DPPH·in vitro.展开更多
The effect of the application of ethanolic extract of “Haden” mango seeds to increase the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of fresh-cut mango flesh was evaluated. Phenolic HPLC analysis revealed that gallic ac...The effect of the application of ethanolic extract of “Haden” mango seeds to increase the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of fresh-cut mango flesh was evaluated. Phenolic HPLC analysis revealed that gallic acid was the major identified compound in the ethanolic extract (586.68 mg/g). Fresh-cut mango was treated for immersion within the ethanolic extract, packed and stored at 5℃ during 15 days. The content of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and microbial growth of the treated mango were evaluated during the storage. Compared with the controls the treated fruit presented the highest content of the total phenolic (7.4 times), flavonoids (3.1 times), and antioxidant capacity DPPH·, TEAC and ORAC (2.9, 2.3 and 2.8 times, respectively), and showed a microbial reduction of 80% of mesophilic plate count and 97% of total molds. This study demonstrates the potential of phenolic compounds derived from mango seed as antimicrobials and antioxidants.展开更多
Perilla seed is one of the traditional Chinese herbs normally used both as food and medicine for its various functional ingredients such as protein,amino acids,α-linolenic acid,flavones,rosmarinic acid,terpenes,polys...Perilla seed is one of the traditional Chinese herbs normally used both as food and medicine for its various functional ingredients such as protein,amino acids,α-linolenic acid,flavones,rosmarinic acid,terpenes,polysaccharides,etc.. Perilla seed is with physiological features in slowing down decrepitude,lowering blood pressure,cholesterol,inhibiting cancer cell differentiation,and improving body immune. The present paper summarized research progress at home and abroad on chemical component analysis,extraction technology and application status of perilla seed in the fields of feed,health care,food and chemical industry in recent years,in order to provide a reference basis for reasonable development of perilla seed.展开更多
Our study focused on phytochemical tests and evaluation of the anti-free radical activity of seed extracts of two oleaginous plants from Gabon used in traditional medicine or as condiments: Panda oleosa and Isolona he...Our study focused on phytochemical tests and evaluation of the anti-free radical activity of seed extracts of two oleaginous plants from Gabon used in traditional medicine or as condiments: Panda oleosa and Isolona hexaloba. The extraction was carried out by maceration with solvents of increasing polarity: cyclohexane, trichloroethylene, acetone, ethanol and finally distilled water. The total yields of the extracts are about 69.50% for Panda oleosa and 34.28% for Isolona hexaloba. The phytochemical tests carried out on the extracts of the seeds of Panda and Isolona highlight in both seeds the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, triterpenes, carotenoids, reducing compounds, flavonoids, total sugars, coumarins, anthraquinones, free quinones, free anthracene derivatives, and terpenoids. Isolona seeds also contain leucoanthocyanins, sterols, cardiac glycosides and saponins. Phytochemical tests revealed the absence of tannins and mucilage in both seeds. The free radical scavenging activity was measured by scavenging the free radical cation of 2,2’-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] (ABTS-+) with gallic acid as the reference antioxidant. The results of the free radical scavenging activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of both seeds showed that the aqueous extracts were more active than the ethanolic extracts. The IC50s of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Panda seeds are 40 and 60 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup> respectively, and those of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Isolona are 37.5 and 95 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup> respectively. Gallic acid, the reference antioxidant (IC50 = 0.37 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup>) is about 10 times more active than the aqueous extracts of both seeds, 16 times more active than the ethanolic extract of Panda and 25 times more active than the ethanolic extract of Isolena.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to study and analyze the main components of the oil from seeds of 8 different pomegranate varieties.[Methods]The oil in sour and sweet pomegranate seeds was extracted by ultrasonic-assiste...[Objectives]This study aimed to study and analyze the main components of the oil from seeds of 8 different pomegranate varieties.[Methods]The oil in sour and sweet pomegranate seeds was extracted by ultrasonic-assisted method,and the composition of the soil after methyl esterification was identified by GC-MS.[Results]The oil yield of the four sweet pomegranate varieties and the four sour pomegranate varieties ranged from 9.43%-16.97%.A total of 6 compounds were identified in the methyl esterified pomegranate seed oil by GC-MS.[Conclusions]There were no significant differences in oil yield between sweet and sour pomegranate varieties(P>0.05).The content of methyl punicate in the four sweet pomegranate varieties was 52.18%-78.06%,and that in the four sour pomegranate varieties was 78.25%-84.55%.The content of methyl punicate in sour pomegranate was slightly higher than that in sweet pomegranate.展开更多
The process of oxidation, due to free radicals, is the cause of major concern for human health. In particular damages related to the skin have great relevance;therefore, many antioxidants based products are developed ...The process of oxidation, due to free radicals, is the cause of major concern for human health. In particular damages related to the skin have great relevance;therefore, many antioxidants based products are developed and marketed with the intention to counteract the action of free radicals. The seed of Araucaria angustifolia is a rich source of antioxidants due to the presence of bioflavonoids to counteract free radicals damages. In this study, two extracts, one from the seed external teguments (shell) and the other from the inner seed pulp (endosperm and embryo) were obtained in order to evaluate possible applications to the dermo-cosmetic field. In parallel the following different methods were employed to characterize both the extracts and to determine their antioxidant capacity: HPTLC, ABTS and DPPH, ORAC and PLC. The qualitative analysis showed that both extracts have the antioxidant activity, but the quantitative evaluation revealed a more promising bioactivity from the shell than from the pulp. Therefore, it was evaluated the potential skin application of different cosmetic formulations, based on the presence of seed shell extract (W/O emulsion, O/W emulsion and gel). The best result was achieved with the W/O emulsion.展开更多
A one-step method was developed to extract oil from a mixture of soybeans,peanuts,linseeds,and tea seeds using an aqueous enzymatic method.The proportion of the four seeds was targeted in accordance with a fatty acid ...A one-step method was developed to extract oil from a mixture of soybeans,peanuts,linseeds,and tea seeds using an aqueous enzymatic method.The proportion of the four seeds was targeted in accordance with a fatty acid ratio of 0.27(SFA,saturated fatty acid(s))∶1(MUFA,monounsaturated fatty acid(s))∶1(PUFA,polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)),and the oil extraction yield was maximized by applying the simplex-centroid mixture design method.Three models were developed for describing the relationship between the proportion of the individual seeds in the mixture,the fatty acid ratio in the extracted oil,and the oil extraction yield,respectively.The developed models were then analyzed using an ANOVA and were found to fit the data quite well,with R2 values of 0.98,0.93,and 0.93,respectively.The three models were validated experimentally.The results indicated that the ratio of fatty acids in the oil ranged between 0.98 and 1.12(MUFA∶PUFA)and between 0.26 and 0.28(SFA∶MUFA),which were quite close to the target values of 1 and 0.27,respectively.The oil extraction yield of 62.13%was slightly higher than the predicted value(60.32%).展开更多
There is a constant search for biomaterials from natural products like plants for food and industrial applications.The work embodied in this report aimed at investigating the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet ...There is a constant search for biomaterials from natural products like plants for food and industrial applications.The work embodied in this report aimed at investigating the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction(MAE and SE) techniques on the functional physicochemical quality characteristics of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins extracts. M. oleifera seeds were ground to fine powders and oil was extracted by microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques using petroleum ether. Quality attributes including yield percent, moisture content,iodine, saponification, specific gravity, viscosity, p H, thiobarbituric acid, acid and peroxide values were measured. Mineral and vitamin contents, chemical/functional groups, fatty acid(FA) composition, and reducing power of the oil were evaluated. Metabolomics of protein extracted from the defatted powders were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). M. oleifera oil from MAE and SE methods had good yield(34.25 ± 0.0%,28.75 ± 0.0%), low moisture content(0.008 ± 0.0%, 0.011 ± 0.0%), non-drying and unsaturated, moderately saponified, less dense(0.91 ± 0.01, 0.92 ± 0.02 g m L^(-1)), had Newtonian flow, were weakly acidic, showed good content of FAs, recorded strong potential for long shelf-life, showed stability against oxidative rancidity and enzymatic hydrolysis, had very rich deposits of micro-and macro-nutrients as well as water-soluble and lipidsoluble vitamins, and functional groups in the oil were reflective of its content of long-and medium-chain triglycerides(LCT and MCT). Monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids(MUFA and SFA) were detected and the oil has excellent ferric ion reducing power. NMR metabolomic assay revealed the presence of nine essential amino acids(EAAs) in the protein extract. MAE technique is a feasible and acceptable alternative for high throughput extraction of M. oleifera oil with high yield and excellent quality attributes. The study revealed that MAE did not impart any remarkable advantage(s) on the physicochemical properties of M. oleifera seed oil and protein compared to SE technique.展开更多
基金the support for this work by the National Hightech R&D Program of China(863 Program)(research grant number 2013AA102104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(research grant number 31071493)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(research grant number 2012M511433)the Northeast Agricultural University,and the National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology
文摘In the present study the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment and the types of enzyme on oil yield were investigated.The optimum ultrasonic pretreatment parameters were found to be 250 W of ultrasonic power,30 min of ultrasonic time,and 50℃of ultrasonic temperature.Five types of enzyme,Cellulase,Viscozyme L,Alcalase 2.4L,Protex 6L,and Protex 7L,were evaluated for their effectiveness in releasing oil from ultrasonic pretreated perilla seeds.The highest oil yield of 81.74%was observed in cellulase treated perilla seed samples.The physicochemical properties of the control,hexane,and enzyme extracted perilla seed oils were compared.No significant(P>0.05)differences were observed in iodine value,refractive index,unsaponifiable matter,saponification value,peroxide value,and acid value.
文摘Objective:To assess the In vivo anlioxid Fanl and hepaloproleclive activity of metlianolic exlracl of Daucus carota(D.carota) seeds in experimental animals.Methods:Methanolic extracts of D.carota seeds is used for hepatoproleclion assessment.Oxidative stress were induced in rats by thioacetamide 100 nig/kg s.c.in four groups of rats(two test,standard and toxic control). Two test groups received D.carota seeds extract[DCSE) at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Standard group received silymarin(25 mg/kg) and toxic control received only thioacetamide. Control group received only vehicle.On the 8th day animals were sacrificed and liver enzyme like serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(SGPT),serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(SCOT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)were estimated in blood serum and antioxidant enzyme like superoxide disnuituse(SOD),cululase(CAT),glutathione reductase(CKD),glutathione peroxidase(GPX),glutalhione-S-transferase(GST)and lipid peroxidation(LPO)were estimated in liver homogcnatc.Results:A significant decrease in SGPT,SCOT and ALP levels was observed in all drug treated groups as compared to thioacetamide group(P<0.001) and in case of antioxidant enzyme a significant(P<0.001) increase in SOD.CAT,GRD,GPX and GST was observed in all dmg treated groups as compared with thioacetamide group.But in case of LPO a significant(P <0.001) reduction was observed as compared to toxic control group.Conclusions:DCSE has contributed lo the reduction of oxidative stress and the protection of liver in experimental rals.
基金Supported by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia through 415 Flagship(Grant No.03G70)
文摘This study was aimed at evaluating the physicochemical properties and oxidation stability of castor oil using microwave-assisted solvent extraction(MAE). MAE was performed using 5% ethanol in hexane as solvent at different extraction times, power intensities and solvent-to-feed(S/F, ml of solvent to gram of feed) ratios.The process parameters were optimized by statistical approach using historical data design of response surface method(RSM). The oils were characterized for yield, physicochemical properties, dielectric properties and oxidation stability, and comparison was also made with oil extracted using Soxhlet method. Results show that the maximum oil yield of 37% was obtained at 20 min with microwave power intensity of 330 W and S/F ratio of 20. The main fatty acid composition of castor oil is ricinoleic acid. The density, refractive index, dielectric properties and oxidation stability of oils are not affected by the extraction methods and extraction parameters of MAE. However, the MAE-extracted oil is more viscous compared to that by Soxhlet method. With extra caution on oil oxidation, MAE could be a promising solvent extraction method with an 86% less in processing time and a higher yield.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the in vivo trypanocidal activity of the methanol extract and fractions of Abrus precatorius seeds in mice.Methods:Parasiteamia was induced unto mice by intraperitoneal injection of 1.25×10<sup>5</sup> Trypanosoma in normal saline.Five days when a high level of parasiteamia was established treatment commenced until ten days.The mice were treated with 10,20 and 40 mg/kg bt.of the extract and 5 and 10 mg/kg bt.of the fraction（F<sub>2</sub>）,respectively for 5 days.Diminazene acelurate at the dose of 3.5 mg/kg bt.for two days was used as the reference drug.The level of parasitaemia and packed cell volume（PCV） of the animals estimated. Results:At doses of 10,20 and 40 mg/kg the crude extract showed a sharp reduction in the level of parasitaemia in mice compared with the untreated group.The mice treated with F,at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg showed a sharp reduction in the level of parasitamia to zero in day 9,and a gradual recovery from the 12th day of treatment.This effect is comparable to that of the mice treated with 7 mg/kg of standard drug diminazene aceturate.The PCV of the treated showed a gradual decrease with time,but not as much as the untreated group.Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of glycosides,alkaloids,carbohydrates,tannins and proteins in the Abrus precatorius powder while F<sub>2</sub> was rich in alkaloids.Conclusions:This study shows that both the extract and the fractions of Abrus precatorius seeds exhibited a promising trypanocidal property.Alkaloids may be responsible for the observed activity.
基金Supported by University Grants Commission.New Delhi[Grantsanctioned vide no-F.No.37-496/2009(SR)]
文摘Objective:To conduct a systemic evaluation of the medicinal value of seeds which include macroscopic and microscopic characterization,physiochomical evaluation,preliminary phylochemical screening and experimental antipyretic activity.Methods:Saraca asoca seed was studied for pharmacognostical,phytochemical and other recommended methods for standardizations.Also,the acetone extract of the seeds was evaluated for acute toxicity study and antipyretic activity using Brewer's yeast induced pyrexia in Wislar rats at oral doses of 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg.Results:After phytochemical screening,the acetone extract showed the presence of saponin,tannins and flavonoids which inhibit pyrexia.The therapeutic efficacy achieved at both the dose levels of the research drug and standard drug aspirin(100 mg/kg)showed significant(P<0.01)antipyretic activity when compared to the control group.The highly significant antipyretic effect exhibited at the dose of 500 mg/kg was also found to be sustainable in nature.Conclusions:The antipyretic effect of the acetone extract showed significant results in rats at the dose of 500 mg/kg after following the standard pharmacognostical and phylochemieal met hods.
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the food wastes compost (FWC) and its non-aerated fermented extract (NFCE) on seed germination and growth of tomato (<i>Solanum</i> <i>lycopersicum</i> L.), watercress (<i>Nasturtium</i> <i>officinale</i>), chili pepper (<i>Capsicum</i> <i>annuum</i>), peas (<i>Pisum</i> <i>sativum</i> L.), chickpea (<i>Cicer</i> <i>arietinum</i>) and beans (<i>Vicia</i> <i>faba</i>) under greenhouse conditions. The FWC and NFCE were physico-chemically and microbiologically characterized. The NFCE effect was evaluated on tomato, watercress, and chili pepper seeds germination and seedling growth. However, for leguminous, pea, chickpea and bean seedlings, the FWC amended soils and irrigated with NFCE were tested for plants growth. The results of FWC analyses revealed that FWC has neutral pH, low EC and C/N ratio, with fertilizing elements (N, P, K and Mg) and lack of phytotoxic effect. The NFCE was characterized by low EC and relatively high carbon content (COD = 9700 mg/l), and intense microbial activity, notably mesophilic bacteria. Therefore, in fermented compost extract, mesophilic bacteria were increased by 225, yeasts by 25 and molds by 10 times compared to those of the investigated compost. In greenhouse, the diluted NFCE increased significantly (<i>p</i>< 0.05) germination and growth of the tested seedlings. Used alone, the FWC amended soil or the NFCE irrigated soil, improved the growth of tested seedlings. The use of soil amended with compost and irrigated by fermented compost extract decreased significantly the growth of the same experimented seedlings. Therefore, the FWC and its fermented extract were a suitable substrate for germination and growth of the studied seeds.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Forest Scientific Research in the Public Welfare(No.201404320)the Youth Scientific Research Fund from Qiqihar University(2012 kM22)
文摘Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) is an ecologically and economically important tree species in East Asia. Molecular studies of seed development of this species are limited due to the lack of effective RNA extraction protocols. This study aimed to obtain an effective method to extract high-quality RNA from Korean pine seeds. The TRIzol kit and CTAB methods were used to extract the total RNA from Korean pine seeds at different developmental stages. The bands of RNA extracted by CTAB were not clear, whereas the bands of RNA extracted by the TRIzol kit were brighter and clearer, indicating higher quality and integrity of the RNA products extracted by the TRIzol kit. The 28 S r RNA band was approximately1.5- to 2-fold brighter than the 18 S r RNA band on the agarose gel electrophoresis. The absorbance value A260/280 was 1.8–2.0, and the absorbance value A 260/230 was [1.9. The Bioanalyzer RNA integrity results showed that the RNA integrity number of the RNA extracted using the TRIzol kit was acceptable for high-throughputsequencing. Therefore, the total RNA extracted using the TRIzol kit method can be used for high-throughput sequencing and other molecular biology experiments.
基金Supported by Fund for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science in Jiangsu Province(CX-125067)
文摘Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of oil from watermelon seeds. Based on single factor experiments,the material to liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction solvent exhibited the highest effects on oil extraction. The mathematical model was established according to the Box-Behnken central composite design. The optimal extraction conditions consisted of a material to liquid ratio of 1∶ 16. 3( g / ml),an extraction time of 45. 4 min,and petroleum ether as the organic solvent. The predicted and actual yields of watermelon seed oil were 27. 92% and 28. 04%,respectively. The extracted oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The results revealed that watermelon seed oil contained several types of acids and esters; the relative percentages of the components were determined by a normalization method. The main fatty acids included linoleic acid,palmitic acid,oleic acid,and stearic acid,which accounted for 91. 24% of the total components.
基金Supported by High Level Talent Foundation Project of Qingdao Agricultural University(663-1118006)
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the extraction process of antioxidant active components from seeds of Firmiana platanifolia.[Methods]The seeds of F.platanifolia were taken as the research object.The primary samples of seeds of F.platanifolia were prepared following the procedure of selection,cleaning,shelling,drying and pulverization.The DPPH·(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)scavenging rate of the extract of seeds of F.platanifolia was used as an indicator,to conduct the single factor experiment for determining optimum single factors such as extraction solvent,extraction time,solid-to-liquid ratio,and extraction temperature.Then the experimental design was optimized by the response surface methodology.[Results]Single factor experiment showed that the optimal extraction solvent for the antioxidant active components of F.platanifolia seeds was ethyl acetate,the optimal extraction time was 50 min,the optimum solid-to-liquid ratio was 1∶6 g/mL,and the optimal extraction temperature was 60℃.The response surface optimization experiment showed that the optimal extraction process of the antioxidant active component extract of F.platanifolia seeds was:the extraction solvent was ethyl acetate,the extraction time was 45 min,the solid-to-liquid ratio was 1∶5 g/mL,and the extraction temperature was 55℃,which was basically consistent with the results of single factor experiment.Under the optimal extraction conditions,the DPPH·scavenging rate of ethyl acetate extract(200 mg/mL)of F.platanifolia seeds was 94.25%,which was equivalent to that of vitamin E(V E)solution(147.39 mg/L)dissolved with ethyl acetate.[Conclusions]The ethyl acetate extract of F.platanifolia seeds has a strong antioxidant capacity of eliminating DPPH·in vitro.
文摘The effect of the application of ethanolic extract of “Haden” mango seeds to increase the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of fresh-cut mango flesh was evaluated. Phenolic HPLC analysis revealed that gallic acid was the major identified compound in the ethanolic extract (586.68 mg/g). Fresh-cut mango was treated for immersion within the ethanolic extract, packed and stored at 5℃ during 15 days. The content of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and microbial growth of the treated mango were evaluated during the storage. Compared with the controls the treated fruit presented the highest content of the total phenolic (7.4 times), flavonoids (3.1 times), and antioxidant capacity DPPH·, TEAC and ORAC (2.9, 2.3 and 2.8 times, respectively), and showed a microbial reduction of 80% of mesophilic plate count and 97% of total molds. This study demonstrates the potential of phenolic compounds derived from mango seed as antimicrobials and antioxidants.
基金Supported by Programs for Science and Technology Development of Henan Province(132102310279)
文摘Perilla seed is one of the traditional Chinese herbs normally used both as food and medicine for its various functional ingredients such as protein,amino acids,α-linolenic acid,flavones,rosmarinic acid,terpenes,polysaccharides,etc.. Perilla seed is with physiological features in slowing down decrepitude,lowering blood pressure,cholesterol,inhibiting cancer cell differentiation,and improving body immune. The present paper summarized research progress at home and abroad on chemical component analysis,extraction technology and application status of perilla seed in the fields of feed,health care,food and chemical industry in recent years,in order to provide a reference basis for reasonable development of perilla seed.
文摘Our study focused on phytochemical tests and evaluation of the anti-free radical activity of seed extracts of two oleaginous plants from Gabon used in traditional medicine or as condiments: Panda oleosa and Isolona hexaloba. The extraction was carried out by maceration with solvents of increasing polarity: cyclohexane, trichloroethylene, acetone, ethanol and finally distilled water. The total yields of the extracts are about 69.50% for Panda oleosa and 34.28% for Isolona hexaloba. The phytochemical tests carried out on the extracts of the seeds of Panda and Isolona highlight in both seeds the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, triterpenes, carotenoids, reducing compounds, flavonoids, total sugars, coumarins, anthraquinones, free quinones, free anthracene derivatives, and terpenoids. Isolona seeds also contain leucoanthocyanins, sterols, cardiac glycosides and saponins. Phytochemical tests revealed the absence of tannins and mucilage in both seeds. The free radical scavenging activity was measured by scavenging the free radical cation of 2,2’-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] (ABTS-+) with gallic acid as the reference antioxidant. The results of the free radical scavenging activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of both seeds showed that the aqueous extracts were more active than the ethanolic extracts. The IC50s of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Panda seeds are 40 and 60 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup> respectively, and those of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Isolona are 37.5 and 95 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup> respectively. Gallic acid, the reference antioxidant (IC50 = 0.37 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup>) is about 10 times more active than the aqueous extracts of both seeds, 16 times more active than the ethanolic extract of Panda and 25 times more active than the ethanolic extract of Isolena.
基金the Program of Study Abroad for Young Scholar Sponsored by China Scholarship Council(CSC201800850005)Central University Basic Research Funds Project(No.2019NYB31).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to study and analyze the main components of the oil from seeds of 8 different pomegranate varieties.[Methods]The oil in sour and sweet pomegranate seeds was extracted by ultrasonic-assisted method,and the composition of the soil after methyl esterification was identified by GC-MS.[Results]The oil yield of the four sweet pomegranate varieties and the four sour pomegranate varieties ranged from 9.43%-16.97%.A total of 6 compounds were identified in the methyl esterified pomegranate seed oil by GC-MS.[Conclusions]There were no significant differences in oil yield between sweet and sour pomegranate varieties(P>0.05).The content of methyl punicate in the four sweet pomegranate varieties was 52.18%-78.06%,and that in the four sour pomegranate varieties was 78.25%-84.55%.The content of methyl punicate in sour pomegranate was slightly higher than that in sweet pomegranate.
文摘The process of oxidation, due to free radicals, is the cause of major concern for human health. In particular damages related to the skin have great relevance;therefore, many antioxidants based products are developed and marketed with the intention to counteract the action of free radicals. The seed of Araucaria angustifolia is a rich source of antioxidants due to the presence of bioflavonoids to counteract free radicals damages. In this study, two extracts, one from the seed external teguments (shell) and the other from the inner seed pulp (endosperm and embryo) were obtained in order to evaluate possible applications to the dermo-cosmetic field. In parallel the following different methods were employed to characterize both the extracts and to determine their antioxidant capacity: HPTLC, ABTS and DPPH, ORAC and PLC. The qualitative analysis showed that both extracts have the antioxidant activity, but the quantitative evaluation revealed a more promising bioactivity from the shell than from the pulp. Therefore, it was evaluated the potential skin application of different cosmetic formulations, based on the presence of seed shell extract (W/O emulsion, O/W emulsion and gel). The best result was achieved with the W/O emulsion.
基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(research grant number 2012M510912)the Ministry of Agriculture of Modern Technology System Projects the Soybean Industry(research grant number nycytx-004)the National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology and the Northeast Agricultural University for funding this work
文摘A one-step method was developed to extract oil from a mixture of soybeans,peanuts,linseeds,and tea seeds using an aqueous enzymatic method.The proportion of the four seeds was targeted in accordance with a fatty acid ratio of 0.27(SFA,saturated fatty acid(s))∶1(MUFA,monounsaturated fatty acid(s))∶1(PUFA,polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)),and the oil extraction yield was maximized by applying the simplex-centroid mixture design method.Three models were developed for describing the relationship between the proportion of the individual seeds in the mixture,the fatty acid ratio in the extracted oil,and the oil extraction yield,respectively.The developed models were then analyzed using an ANOVA and were found to fit the data quite well,with R2 values of 0.98,0.93,and 0.93,respectively.The three models were validated experimentally.The results indicated that the ratio of fatty acids in the oil ranged between 0.98 and 1.12(MUFA∶PUFA)and between 0.26 and 0.28(SFA∶MUFA),which were quite close to the target values of 1 and 0.27,respectively.The oil extraction yield of 62.13%was slightly higher than the predicted value(60.32%).
基金funded by International Foundation for Science(IFS)and Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons(OPCW)research grant awarded to Dr.Chukwuebuka Emmanuel Umeyor in 2019(Grant number:I-2-F-6448-1).
文摘There is a constant search for biomaterials from natural products like plants for food and industrial applications.The work embodied in this report aimed at investigating the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction(MAE and SE) techniques on the functional physicochemical quality characteristics of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins extracts. M. oleifera seeds were ground to fine powders and oil was extracted by microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques using petroleum ether. Quality attributes including yield percent, moisture content,iodine, saponification, specific gravity, viscosity, p H, thiobarbituric acid, acid and peroxide values were measured. Mineral and vitamin contents, chemical/functional groups, fatty acid(FA) composition, and reducing power of the oil were evaluated. Metabolomics of protein extracted from the defatted powders were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). M. oleifera oil from MAE and SE methods had good yield(34.25 ± 0.0%,28.75 ± 0.0%), low moisture content(0.008 ± 0.0%, 0.011 ± 0.0%), non-drying and unsaturated, moderately saponified, less dense(0.91 ± 0.01, 0.92 ± 0.02 g m L^(-1)), had Newtonian flow, were weakly acidic, showed good content of FAs, recorded strong potential for long shelf-life, showed stability against oxidative rancidity and enzymatic hydrolysis, had very rich deposits of micro-and macro-nutrients as well as water-soluble and lipidsoluble vitamins, and functional groups in the oil were reflective of its content of long-and medium-chain triglycerides(LCT and MCT). Monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids(MUFA and SFA) were detected and the oil has excellent ferric ion reducing power. NMR metabolomic assay revealed the presence of nine essential amino acids(EAAs) in the protein extract. MAE technique is a feasible and acceptable alternative for high throughput extraction of M. oleifera oil with high yield and excellent quality attributes. The study revealed that MAE did not impart any remarkable advantage(s) on the physicochemical properties of M. oleifera seed oil and protein compared to SE technique.
