Introduction and Significance: Burn injury (BI) is a considerable health issue which is responsible for around 300,000 deaths and affecting about 11 million people every year worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence...Introduction and Significance: Burn injury (BI) is a considerable health issue which is responsible for around 300,000 deaths and affecting about 11 million people every year worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of BIs array from 112 to 518 per 100,000 per year. The appropriate awareness of performing first aid could facilitate to improve the outcomes of burns. Purpose and Objectives: To appraise the community that acknowledges burns, first aid, and associated factors among the community population in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia. The paper aims to identify limitations to encourage additional research and persuade legislators to develop improved burn-injury care recommendations and training programs. Materials and Methods: An observational-based sample survey was conducted among the people who live in Jazan City aging 13 years or more, during April 5 to May 5, 2023. Data collection was done by a validated online self-administrated questionnaire sent randomly to community members in different parts of Jazan City via social media platforms. Collected data were coded and cleaned by an excel program, and finally exported on SPSS 26.0 software. The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. Also, the Chi-square test was used to investigate the relation between different variables, with a significance value of P Results: This study included 243 participants (about 62%) among them were mostly male participants (151) having a university degree. The majority of participants 75% did not take any form of BFA training in the past. This study shows that 69.9% of the participants have inadequate awareness, despite 72% having a constructive attitude towards burn first aid. Previous burn-related first aid training was significantly associated with participants’ knowledge of BFA at a p-value less than 0.05. Conclusion: This study indicates a high frequency of Jazan population having inadequate knowledge of burn first aid despite the high prevalence of a favorable attitude. There is a need to develop an effective nationwide burn prevention program and early burn first aid treatment in Saudi Arabia and promote a consistent guideline for burn first aid.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the application and feasibility of PDCA circulation method in the treatment of patients with severe neurological diseases in Internet + smart first aid, with a view to promoting the sustainab...Objective: To investigate the application and feasibility of PDCA circulation method in the treatment of patients with severe neurological diseases in Internet + smart first aid, with a view to promoting the sustainable construction of smart first aid. Methods: A total of 105 patients with severe neurological diseases in Zhuji people’s Hospital and cooperative units were selected, and 52 cases in the research group and 53 cases in the control group were divided according to the single and double number visiting time: In this paper, through reading the literature, the development of Internet + wisdom first aid treatment of patients with severe neurological diseases was investigated, and the common problems were analyzed and summarized, and the research group used the PDCA circulation method to sort out the existing problems, analyze the causes of the problems and improve them. The difference in treatment time between the two groups was compared, and the patient’s satisfaction was evaluated for the time of being transferred to the hospital emergency room by 120 ambulances, the time from emergency admission to surgery (Cath lab), and the satisfaction of the patient. Results: The time from emergency treatment to the operation room (catheter room) in the study group was significantly shortened, and patient satisfaction was significantly improved compared with that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P Conclusion: Through the application of PDCA circulation method in the Internet + smart emergency treatment of neurologically severe preoperative patients, the Internet + smart emergency mode can be continuously improved, the treatment process can be significantly optimized, the first aid time can be shortened, and the treatment efficiency of neurocritical ill patients can be improved. Therefore, it has been expected to improve the success rate of treatment and improve the success rate of neurological patients.展开更多
Introduction: Provision of prehospital care in the event of a crash is vital to prevent loss of life and other severe outcomes. However, this involves adequate first aid knowledge and skills among vehicle attendants, ...Introduction: Provision of prehospital care in the event of a crash is vital to prevent loss of life and other severe outcomes. However, this involves adequate first aid knowledge and skills among vehicle attendants, and most importantly, the availability of the first aid kit items and knowing their uses. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, availability, and use of first aid kits among commuter bus attendants. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nyamagana district, Mwanza, Tanzania in May 2018. A total of 240 were recruited randomly and interviewed using pretested questionnaires. Data was first entered in Microsoft Excel for data cleaning and consistent checks and thereafter exported to the software STATA for analysis. Results: Findings from the study showed that 22.9% of respondents had knowledge concerning first aid practice. Only 17.9% of the participants claimed to have ever had first aid training. All commuters had incompletely equipped first aid kits. Around 30.8% of the respondents reported having practiced giving first aid. Conclusion: The majority of commuter bus attendants were found to have insufficient knowledge of first aid and first aid kits, according to the current study. No vehicle had a complete kit despite the fact that the majority of the participants believed that having a first aid kit in the vehicle was essential. The majority of participants expressed a desire to assist and learn, indicating that efforts to train commuter attendants should be undertaken and potentially save lives.展开更多
Objective:To determine the application value of emergency nursing in improving the efficiency and outcomes of first aid for comatose patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods:Forty comatose patients with cerebral hemo...Objective:To determine the application value of emergency nursing in improving the efficiency and outcomes of first aid for comatose patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods:Forty comatose patients with cerebral hemorrhage treated in Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2018 to June 2019 were selected as the research subjects in this study;the patients were divided into two groups,a control group and a study group,by lot;the patients in the control group received nursing by conventional means,while emergency nursing procedures were provided to the patients in the study group;the efficiency of first aid and the outcomes of the two groups were compared;the application value of emergency nursing procedures was analyzed.Results:The first aid efficiency of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group;the condition evaluation,reception time,triage time,and rescue time of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group;the treatment outcomes of the study group were significantly better than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Based on the results,compared with conventional nursing methods,the implementation of emergency nursing procedures for comatose patients with cerebral hemorrhage helps to improve the efficiency of first aid and the outcomes of the treatment;it has high clinical application value and is worthy of popularization as well as application in clinical practice.展开更多
Objective:To determine the timing of first aid training in the medical school curriculum and the training method with the 8-hour first aid training given to the first-grade students of the faculty of medicine.Method:T...Objective:To determine the timing of first aid training in the medical school curriculum and the training method with the 8-hour first aid training given to the first-grade students of the faculty of medicine.Method:The study was conducted prospectively with 168 first year medical students at Faculty of Medicine,Maltepe University in October 2019.An 8-hour course plan consisting of theoretical and practical applications was prepared.Theoretical courses included cardiopulmonary resuscitation,basic life supports,epileptic seizures,heatstroke,aspiration,and drowning issues,while practical applications included cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques,basic life support scenarios,Heimlich’s Maneuver and the coma position.Students were sent a link consisting of 17 questions created with Google forms at the beginning and the end of the course.Learned knowledge was measured with the posttest,and pre-and post-training results were compared.Results:A significant increase was found in the rate of correct answers compared to the pre-training period.Even the rate of correct post-test answers increased significantly in all questions;the increase in the questions related to the subjects supported by practical applications was more remarkable.It was found that more incorrect answers were given to questions about environmental injuries.Conclusions:It is possible to improve the public recognition of first aid,even with one day of theoretical and practical training.Thus,adding first aid practical courses to the first-year medical school curriculum and raising awareness at an earlier age will play an essential role in medical education.展开更多
Hemorrhage during trauma occurred in emergency situations is a significant challenge. It may be life threatening if it is not treated swiftly. A new device which can effectively stop bleeding to save life of injured p...Hemorrhage during trauma occurred in emergency situations is a significant challenge. It may be life threatening if it is not treated swiftly. A new device which can effectively stop bleeding to save life of injured person, especially in battlefield situations and accidents, is presented. A plasma generator is designed to generate a low temperature air plasma spray for treating wounds. The spectral spike at 777.4 nm in the emission spectrum of the plasma plume and the spatial distribution of this emission line’s spectral intensity indicate that abundant atomic oxygen is generated and sprays out of the generator by about 25 mm. Atomic oxygen carried by the plasma spray can quickly activate the cascading of coagulation processes and works as dry disinfectant to advance healing. Tests on blood droplets reveal the strong dependence of blood clotting on the amount of atomic oxygen applied in the plasma treatment, which is maneuvered by increasing the plasma treatment time or decreasing the exposure distance;in both approaches, the degree of blood clotting increases. Treated smeared blood samples show that an increase of the erythrocyte concentration and a drastic decrease of the platelet count are also correlated to the increase of atomic oxygen dose applied in the plasma treatment. The results reveal the mechanisms of air plasma blood coagulation and wound healing. As animal models, pigs were used in the tests of stopping wound bleeding from a cross cut in the ham area, from a hole in an ear’s saphenous vein, and from cuts to arteries in an ear and in a real leg, all stopped swiftly. Moreover, both artery cuts were secure to remove tourniquet;downgrade of tourniquet necessary wound in under 2 minutes was demonstrated. The healing progress of cross cut wounds was observed. The healing time was shortened to about half. This battery power plasma spray can be carried to or placed at anywhere available for first aid applications. It stops bleeding swiftly to save life, and also downgrades tourniquet necessary wound to extend the golden period of saving the remaining part below tourniquet.展开更多
Background: Increasing the number of qualified people, including school students who can play a significant role in first-aid (FA) and basic life support (BLS) arena is a public health demand. Aim: To assess the aware...Background: Increasing the number of qualified people, including school students who can play a significant role in first-aid (FA) and basic life support (BLS) arena is a public health demand. Aim: To assess the awareness of Saudi secondary school students regarding FA and BLS. Methodology: 360 male secondary school children in Taif, Saudi Arabia were surveyed. Results: The mean students’ age was 17.4 ± 1.21 years. The mean participants’ FA knowledge score was 64.8% ± 11%. Generally, trained students reported both better FA knowledge and skills than untrained counter-parts;for 79.6% trained-compared to 53.7% untrained-students recorded such score > 70% [χ2 (df 1) = 11.60, p 70%) [62.3% 2(df 1) = 5.90, p = 0.02] was. Trained students better deal with critical cases, bleeding and bodily injury compared to untrained peers [89.8% vs. 55.9%, χ2 (df 1) = 20.3, p 2 (df 1) = 11.62, p = 0.04;81.6% vs. 67.2%, χ2 (df 1) = 4.13, p = 0.04, respectively]. Only 37.2% of schools had FA incorporated in the education curriculum. Eventually, FA training and the presence of FA group were significant predictors for improved FA knowledge among students [odds ratio (OR) 3.35, 95% CI 1.60 - 7.06;OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.34 - 3.95, respectively). Conclusions: First-aid training is crucial to enhance school children’s FA skills and to thrust their contribution to health emergency control efforts. Incorporating FA training within the educational curriculum of Saudi schools is a step forward to disseminate FA message in the community.展开更多
Background:Burn first aid awareness has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality.We present a report on the knowledge and practices of the Saudi population with regard to burn first aid and the application of trad...Background:Burn first aid awareness has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality.We present a report on the knowledge and practices of the Saudi population with regard to burn first aid and the application of traditional remedies.Methods:An internet-based survey was conducted to assess the public’s knowledge on first aid practices and home remedies applied for burn injuries among Saudi adults.Results:A total of 2758 individuals responded to the survey.There were 1178(42.7%)respondents who had previously received burn first aid information.One thousand five hundred fifty respondents had a history of burn exposure in which burn injury first aid was applied as follows:1118(72.1%)removed clothing and accessories from the injured area;water was applied by 990(63.9%);among those who applied water,877(88.6%)applied cold water;and only 57(5.8%)did so for more than 15 min.Wrapping the burn area was performed by 526(33.9%),and 985(63.5%)sought medical assistance.When it comes to traditional remedies,2134(77.4%)knew of and/or implemented these remedies as first aid or to treat burns.Honey and toothpaste were the commonest among these remedies with 1491(69.9%)and 1147(53.7%),respectively.This was associated with female gender(r=0.87,P<0.001),younger age group(19–25 years)(r=0.077,P<0.001),from central region(r=0.012,P<0.001),and university graduate(r=0.05,P=0.002).Nearly half of those who knew of traditional remedies did not have previous knowledge of burn first aid.Conclusions:Proper burn first aid is a simple,cheap,and accessible means of managing burns initially.Although the majority of the respondents were university graduates(51.1%),knowledge and implementation of burn first aid was very poor.Major healthcare agencies should review and promote a consistent guideline for burn first aid in an effort to tackle and minimize the effect of this grave injury.展开更多
Objective:To study the emergency management principles of severe trauma in hospital(injury severity score≥16). Methods:We used'ATP principle'to manage severe traumatic patients.The ATP principle is composed o...Objective:To study the emergency management principles of severe trauma in hospital(injury severity score≥16). Methods:We used'ATP principle'to manage severe traumatic patients.The ATP principle is composed of:1)attending surgeons offering initial management(A); 2)teamwork commencement immediately after patients admitted to hospital(T);3)parallel principle,ie, emergency resuscitation,evaluation and laboratory test performed simultaneously(P).Clinical effects before and after applying ATP principle were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Results:During January 1,2002 to December 31, 2003,338 patients were treated without applying ATP principle,in which ISS was 25.9±6.4,152 cases died with the mortality being 39.2%,and the time stayed in emergency department and the time to operation room after admission were(102.8±16.7)min,(140.3±20.6)min, respectively.During January 1,2004 to December 31, 2005,438 patients were treated based on ATP principle,in which ISS was 28.6±7.8,87 cases died with the mortality being 19.9%,and the time in emergency department and the time to operation room after admission were(69.5±11.5)min,(89.6±9.3)min,respectively.ISS showed no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05), but the mortality,the time stayed in emergency department and the time to operation room after admission were greatly reduced and showed significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusions:Applying ATP principle to treat severe traumatic patients can shorten emergency treatment time in hospital and decrease mortality.展开更多
In the event of an emergency, the timely and appropriate first-aid operations provided by non-medical personnel at the scene of accident before the arrival of medical professionals are crucial to help minimize the fre...In the event of an emergency, the timely and appropriate first-aid operations provided by non-medical personnel at the scene of accident before the arrival of medical professionals are crucial to help minimize the frequency in accidental induced deaths and injuries. Thus, it is essential to provide the effective first-aid training to the public. College students are considered to be the ideal candidates due to their excellent learning ability, maturity as well as the strong adaptability. Not as in most advanced countries, little education on the first aid is currently offered in Chinese universities especially those non-medical institutes. To determine the feasibility of introducing the first-aid education into the school curriculum, here we reported the study on the efficacy of the one-day first-aid training at Wenzhou-Kean University (WKU), an American-Chinese joint education institute. The general survey was initially conducted among all the freshman (n = 620) students at WKU to identify their interests as well as demand for the first-aid education. Along with the one-day first aid workshop which included both the lecture and the operation sessions, the pre-post study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the workshop. The first-aid knowledge and skills as well as social awareness were judged before and after the training among the participants (Pre: n = 95;Post: n = 85). Results demonstrated that more than 95% of students appreciate the importance of first-aid training in universities indicating an extremely high demand. More than 40% students prefer to have the first-aid education as part of their curriculum. It also revealed that students lack professional knowledge towards the key first-aid skills such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The pre-post efficacy study suggested that participants’ knowledge as well as skills have been significantly improved after the workshop. The correctness rate of objective questions for CPR was raised from 68.4% to almost 100%;For Heimlich method, the accuracy rate was elevated about 2.4 fold. We also surveyed the social awareness among the participants. The ratio of people who are willing to take a leading role in emergency rescue at the accidental site with the absence of medical professionals increased from 11.5% to 23.2%. To conclude, our study indicates that the one-day first-aid workshop not only significantly improved students’ skills and knowledge, but also raised their social awareness. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement first-aid education into the curriculum of WKU and other Chinese Universities.展开更多
<strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose is to formulate treatment strategies of batches of the wounded and partial first-aid procedures, and further improve the emergency rescue capability of hospitals. &l...<strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose is to formulate treatment strategies of batches of the wounded and partial first-aid procedures, and further improve the emergency rescue capability of hospitals. <strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed the emergency treatment case that we participated in. In this case, we used various means to start the emergency plan, run the emergency procedures, optimize diagnosis, treatment, and rescue procedures, mobilize medical rescue resources, provide a reference for emergency command decisions, formulate a set of coping strategies of tertiary general hospitals on public emergencies. <strong>Results:</strong> Through the scientific and effective management of our hospital, 20 wounded have been discharged from the hospital and achieved the ideal effect of zero deaths in the hospital. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The new mode of first-aid and health emergency management on the scene of modern disaster needs to find ways to minimize the loss of life and property brought by public emergencies, integrate the various sections of modern disaster medicine, integrate a large number of international and domestic basic and clinical research achievements of disaster first-aid, and upgrade to information, digital system.展开更多
To detect high frequency(HF) first-order sea echo spectra contaminated with ships,ionosphere interference, and other,a new characteristic-knowledge-aided detection method is proposed.With 2-D image features in range-D...To detect high frequency(HF) first-order sea echo spectra contaminated with ships,ionosphere interference, and other,a new characteristic-knowledge-aided detection method is proposed.With 2-D image features in range-Doppler spectrum,the trend of first-order sea echoes is extracted as indicative information by a multi-scale filter.Detection rules for both single and splitting first-order sea echoes are given based on the characteristic knowledge combining the indicative information with the global characteristics such as amplitude,symmetry,continuity, etc.Compared with the classical algorithms,the proposed method can detect and locate the first-order sea echo in the HF band more accurately especially in the environment with targets/clutters smearing.Experiments with real data verify the validity of the algorithm.展开更多
文摘Introduction and Significance: Burn injury (BI) is a considerable health issue which is responsible for around 300,000 deaths and affecting about 11 million people every year worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of BIs array from 112 to 518 per 100,000 per year. The appropriate awareness of performing first aid could facilitate to improve the outcomes of burns. Purpose and Objectives: To appraise the community that acknowledges burns, first aid, and associated factors among the community population in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia. The paper aims to identify limitations to encourage additional research and persuade legislators to develop improved burn-injury care recommendations and training programs. Materials and Methods: An observational-based sample survey was conducted among the people who live in Jazan City aging 13 years or more, during April 5 to May 5, 2023. Data collection was done by a validated online self-administrated questionnaire sent randomly to community members in different parts of Jazan City via social media platforms. Collected data were coded and cleaned by an excel program, and finally exported on SPSS 26.0 software. The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. Also, the Chi-square test was used to investigate the relation between different variables, with a significance value of P Results: This study included 243 participants (about 62%) among them were mostly male participants (151) having a university degree. The majority of participants 75% did not take any form of BFA training in the past. This study shows that 69.9% of the participants have inadequate awareness, despite 72% having a constructive attitude towards burn first aid. Previous burn-related first aid training was significantly associated with participants’ knowledge of BFA at a p-value less than 0.05. Conclusion: This study indicates a high frequency of Jazan population having inadequate knowledge of burn first aid despite the high prevalence of a favorable attitude. There is a need to develop an effective nationwide burn prevention program and early burn first aid treatment in Saudi Arabia and promote a consistent guideline for burn first aid.
文摘Objective: To investigate the application and feasibility of PDCA circulation method in the treatment of patients with severe neurological diseases in Internet + smart first aid, with a view to promoting the sustainable construction of smart first aid. Methods: A total of 105 patients with severe neurological diseases in Zhuji people’s Hospital and cooperative units were selected, and 52 cases in the research group and 53 cases in the control group were divided according to the single and double number visiting time: In this paper, through reading the literature, the development of Internet + wisdom first aid treatment of patients with severe neurological diseases was investigated, and the common problems were analyzed and summarized, and the research group used the PDCA circulation method to sort out the existing problems, analyze the causes of the problems and improve them. The difference in treatment time between the two groups was compared, and the patient’s satisfaction was evaluated for the time of being transferred to the hospital emergency room by 120 ambulances, the time from emergency admission to surgery (Cath lab), and the satisfaction of the patient. Results: The time from emergency treatment to the operation room (catheter room) in the study group was significantly shortened, and patient satisfaction was significantly improved compared with that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P Conclusion: Through the application of PDCA circulation method in the Internet + smart emergency treatment of neurologically severe preoperative patients, the Internet + smart emergency mode can be continuously improved, the treatment process can be significantly optimized, the first aid time can be shortened, and the treatment efficiency of neurocritical ill patients can be improved. Therefore, it has been expected to improve the success rate of treatment and improve the success rate of neurological patients.
文摘Introduction: Provision of prehospital care in the event of a crash is vital to prevent loss of life and other severe outcomes. However, this involves adequate first aid knowledge and skills among vehicle attendants, and most importantly, the availability of the first aid kit items and knowing their uses. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, availability, and use of first aid kits among commuter bus attendants. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nyamagana district, Mwanza, Tanzania in May 2018. A total of 240 were recruited randomly and interviewed using pretested questionnaires. Data was first entered in Microsoft Excel for data cleaning and consistent checks and thereafter exported to the software STATA for analysis. Results: Findings from the study showed that 22.9% of respondents had knowledge concerning first aid practice. Only 17.9% of the participants claimed to have ever had first aid training. All commuters had incompletely equipped first aid kits. Around 30.8% of the respondents reported having practiced giving first aid. Conclusion: The majority of commuter bus attendants were found to have insufficient knowledge of first aid and first aid kits, according to the current study. No vehicle had a complete kit despite the fact that the majority of the participants believed that having a first aid kit in the vehicle was essential. The majority of participants expressed a desire to assist and learn, indicating that efforts to train commuter attendants should be undertaken and potentially save lives.
文摘Objective:To determine the application value of emergency nursing in improving the efficiency and outcomes of first aid for comatose patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods:Forty comatose patients with cerebral hemorrhage treated in Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2018 to June 2019 were selected as the research subjects in this study;the patients were divided into two groups,a control group and a study group,by lot;the patients in the control group received nursing by conventional means,while emergency nursing procedures were provided to the patients in the study group;the efficiency of first aid and the outcomes of the two groups were compared;the application value of emergency nursing procedures was analyzed.Results:The first aid efficiency of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group;the condition evaluation,reception time,triage time,and rescue time of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group;the treatment outcomes of the study group were significantly better than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Based on the results,compared with conventional nursing methods,the implementation of emergency nursing procedures for comatose patients with cerebral hemorrhage helps to improve the efficiency of first aid and the outcomes of the treatment;it has high clinical application value and is worthy of popularization as well as application in clinical practice.
文摘Objective:To determine the timing of first aid training in the medical school curriculum and the training method with the 8-hour first aid training given to the first-grade students of the faculty of medicine.Method:The study was conducted prospectively with 168 first year medical students at Faculty of Medicine,Maltepe University in October 2019.An 8-hour course plan consisting of theoretical and practical applications was prepared.Theoretical courses included cardiopulmonary resuscitation,basic life supports,epileptic seizures,heatstroke,aspiration,and drowning issues,while practical applications included cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques,basic life support scenarios,Heimlich’s Maneuver and the coma position.Students were sent a link consisting of 17 questions created with Google forms at the beginning and the end of the course.Learned knowledge was measured with the posttest,and pre-and post-training results were compared.Results:A significant increase was found in the rate of correct answers compared to the pre-training period.Even the rate of correct post-test answers increased significantly in all questions;the increase in the questions related to the subjects supported by practical applications was more remarkable.It was found that more incorrect answers were given to questions about environmental injuries.Conclusions:It is possible to improve the public recognition of first aid,even with one day of theoretical and practical training.Thus,adding first aid practical courses to the first-year medical school curriculum and raising awareness at an earlier age will play an essential role in medical education.
文摘Hemorrhage during trauma occurred in emergency situations is a significant challenge. It may be life threatening if it is not treated swiftly. A new device which can effectively stop bleeding to save life of injured person, especially in battlefield situations and accidents, is presented. A plasma generator is designed to generate a low temperature air plasma spray for treating wounds. The spectral spike at 777.4 nm in the emission spectrum of the plasma plume and the spatial distribution of this emission line’s spectral intensity indicate that abundant atomic oxygen is generated and sprays out of the generator by about 25 mm. Atomic oxygen carried by the plasma spray can quickly activate the cascading of coagulation processes and works as dry disinfectant to advance healing. Tests on blood droplets reveal the strong dependence of blood clotting on the amount of atomic oxygen applied in the plasma treatment, which is maneuvered by increasing the plasma treatment time or decreasing the exposure distance;in both approaches, the degree of blood clotting increases. Treated smeared blood samples show that an increase of the erythrocyte concentration and a drastic decrease of the platelet count are also correlated to the increase of atomic oxygen dose applied in the plasma treatment. The results reveal the mechanisms of air plasma blood coagulation and wound healing. As animal models, pigs were used in the tests of stopping wound bleeding from a cross cut in the ham area, from a hole in an ear’s saphenous vein, and from cuts to arteries in an ear and in a real leg, all stopped swiftly. Moreover, both artery cuts were secure to remove tourniquet;downgrade of tourniquet necessary wound in under 2 minutes was demonstrated. The healing progress of cross cut wounds was observed. The healing time was shortened to about half. This battery power plasma spray can be carried to or placed at anywhere available for first aid applications. It stops bleeding swiftly to save life, and also downgrades tourniquet necessary wound to extend the golden period of saving the remaining part below tourniquet.
文摘Background: Increasing the number of qualified people, including school students who can play a significant role in first-aid (FA) and basic life support (BLS) arena is a public health demand. Aim: To assess the awareness of Saudi secondary school students regarding FA and BLS. Methodology: 360 male secondary school children in Taif, Saudi Arabia were surveyed. Results: The mean students’ age was 17.4 ± 1.21 years. The mean participants’ FA knowledge score was 64.8% ± 11%. Generally, trained students reported both better FA knowledge and skills than untrained counter-parts;for 79.6% trained-compared to 53.7% untrained-students recorded such score > 70% [χ2 (df 1) = 11.60, p 70%) [62.3% 2(df 1) = 5.90, p = 0.02] was. Trained students better deal with critical cases, bleeding and bodily injury compared to untrained peers [89.8% vs. 55.9%, χ2 (df 1) = 20.3, p 2 (df 1) = 11.62, p = 0.04;81.6% vs. 67.2%, χ2 (df 1) = 4.13, p = 0.04, respectively]. Only 37.2% of schools had FA incorporated in the education curriculum. Eventually, FA training and the presence of FA group were significant predictors for improved FA knowledge among students [odds ratio (OR) 3.35, 95% CI 1.60 - 7.06;OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.34 - 3.95, respectively). Conclusions: First-aid training is crucial to enhance school children’s FA skills and to thrust their contribution to health emergency control efforts. Incorporating FA training within the educational curriculum of Saudi schools is a step forward to disseminate FA message in the community.
文摘Background:Burn first aid awareness has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality.We present a report on the knowledge and practices of the Saudi population with regard to burn first aid and the application of traditional remedies.Methods:An internet-based survey was conducted to assess the public’s knowledge on first aid practices and home remedies applied for burn injuries among Saudi adults.Results:A total of 2758 individuals responded to the survey.There were 1178(42.7%)respondents who had previously received burn first aid information.One thousand five hundred fifty respondents had a history of burn exposure in which burn injury first aid was applied as follows:1118(72.1%)removed clothing and accessories from the injured area;water was applied by 990(63.9%);among those who applied water,877(88.6%)applied cold water;and only 57(5.8%)did so for more than 15 min.Wrapping the burn area was performed by 526(33.9%),and 985(63.5%)sought medical assistance.When it comes to traditional remedies,2134(77.4%)knew of and/or implemented these remedies as first aid or to treat burns.Honey and toothpaste were the commonest among these remedies with 1491(69.9%)and 1147(53.7%),respectively.This was associated with female gender(r=0.87,P<0.001),younger age group(19–25 years)(r=0.077,P<0.001),from central region(r=0.012,P<0.001),and university graduate(r=0.05,P=0.002).Nearly half of those who knew of traditional remedies did not have previous knowledge of burn first aid.Conclusions:Proper burn first aid is a simple,cheap,and accessible means of managing burns initially.Although the majority of the respondents were university graduates(51.1%),knowledge and implementation of burn first aid was very poor.Major healthcare agencies should review and promote a consistent guideline for burn first aid in an effort to tackle and minimize the effect of this grave injury.
文摘Objective:To study the emergency management principles of severe trauma in hospital(injury severity score≥16). Methods:We used'ATP principle'to manage severe traumatic patients.The ATP principle is composed of:1)attending surgeons offering initial management(A); 2)teamwork commencement immediately after patients admitted to hospital(T);3)parallel principle,ie, emergency resuscitation,evaluation and laboratory test performed simultaneously(P).Clinical effects before and after applying ATP principle were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Results:During January 1,2002 to December 31, 2003,338 patients were treated without applying ATP principle,in which ISS was 25.9±6.4,152 cases died with the mortality being 39.2%,and the time stayed in emergency department and the time to operation room after admission were(102.8±16.7)min,(140.3±20.6)min, respectively.During January 1,2004 to December 31, 2005,438 patients were treated based on ATP principle,in which ISS was 28.6±7.8,87 cases died with the mortality being 19.9%,and the time in emergency department and the time to operation room after admission were(69.5±11.5)min,(89.6±9.3)min,respectively.ISS showed no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05), but the mortality,the time stayed in emergency department and the time to operation room after admission were greatly reduced and showed significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusions:Applying ATP principle to treat severe traumatic patients can shorten emergency treatment time in hospital and decrease mortality.
文摘In the event of an emergency, the timely and appropriate first-aid operations provided by non-medical personnel at the scene of accident before the arrival of medical professionals are crucial to help minimize the frequency in accidental induced deaths and injuries. Thus, it is essential to provide the effective first-aid training to the public. College students are considered to be the ideal candidates due to their excellent learning ability, maturity as well as the strong adaptability. Not as in most advanced countries, little education on the first aid is currently offered in Chinese universities especially those non-medical institutes. To determine the feasibility of introducing the first-aid education into the school curriculum, here we reported the study on the efficacy of the one-day first-aid training at Wenzhou-Kean University (WKU), an American-Chinese joint education institute. The general survey was initially conducted among all the freshman (n = 620) students at WKU to identify their interests as well as demand for the first-aid education. Along with the one-day first aid workshop which included both the lecture and the operation sessions, the pre-post study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the workshop. The first-aid knowledge and skills as well as social awareness were judged before and after the training among the participants (Pre: n = 95;Post: n = 85). Results demonstrated that more than 95% of students appreciate the importance of first-aid training in universities indicating an extremely high demand. More than 40% students prefer to have the first-aid education as part of their curriculum. It also revealed that students lack professional knowledge towards the key first-aid skills such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The pre-post efficacy study suggested that participants’ knowledge as well as skills have been significantly improved after the workshop. The correctness rate of objective questions for CPR was raised from 68.4% to almost 100%;For Heimlich method, the accuracy rate was elevated about 2.4 fold. We also surveyed the social awareness among the participants. The ratio of people who are willing to take a leading role in emergency rescue at the accidental site with the absence of medical professionals increased from 11.5% to 23.2%. To conclude, our study indicates that the one-day first-aid workshop not only significantly improved students’ skills and knowledge, but also raised their social awareness. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement first-aid education into the curriculum of WKU and other Chinese Universities.
文摘<strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose is to formulate treatment strategies of batches of the wounded and partial first-aid procedures, and further improve the emergency rescue capability of hospitals. <strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed the emergency treatment case that we participated in. In this case, we used various means to start the emergency plan, run the emergency procedures, optimize diagnosis, treatment, and rescue procedures, mobilize medical rescue resources, provide a reference for emergency command decisions, formulate a set of coping strategies of tertiary general hospitals on public emergencies. <strong>Results:</strong> Through the scientific and effective management of our hospital, 20 wounded have been discharged from the hospital and achieved the ideal effect of zero deaths in the hospital. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The new mode of first-aid and health emergency management on the scene of modern disaster needs to find ways to minimize the loss of life and property brought by public emergencies, integrate the various sections of modern disaster medicine, integrate a large number of international and domestic basic and clinical research achievements of disaster first-aid, and upgrade to information, digital system.
文摘To detect high frequency(HF) first-order sea echo spectra contaminated with ships,ionosphere interference, and other,a new characteristic-knowledge-aided detection method is proposed.With 2-D image features in range-Doppler spectrum,the trend of first-order sea echoes is extracted as indicative information by a multi-scale filter.Detection rules for both single and splitting first-order sea echoes are given based on the characteristic knowledge combining the indicative information with the global characteristics such as amplitude,symmetry,continuity, etc.Compared with the classical algorithms,the proposed method can detect and locate the first-order sea echo in the HF band more accurately especially in the environment with targets/clutters smearing.Experiments with real data verify the validity of the algorithm.
