Based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model, three-dimensional turbulent flow in four low-specific-speed centrifugal impellers are simulated numerically and analyzed. The relativ...Based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model, three-dimensional turbulent flow in four low-specific-speed centrifugal impellers are simulated numerically and analyzed. The relative velocity distribution, pressure distribution and static pressure rise at the design point are obtained for the regular impeller with only long blades and three complex impellers with long, mid or short blades. It is found that the back flow region between long-blade pressure side and mid-blade suction side is diminished and is pushed to pressure side of short blades near the outlet of impeller at suction side by the introduction of mid, short blades, and the size of back flow becomes smaller in a multi-blade complex impeller. And the pressure rises uniformly from inlet to outlet in all the impellers. The simulated results show that the complex impeller with long, mid and short blades can improve the velocity distribution and reduce the back flow in the impeller channel. The experimental results show that the back flow in the impeller has an important influence on the performance of pump and a more-blade complex impeller with long, mid and short blades can effectively solve low flow rate instability of the low-specific-speed centrifugal pump.展开更多
The three-dimensional(3 D) structures of pores directly affect the CH4 flow.Therefore,it is very important to analyze the3 D spatial structure of pores and to simulate the CH4 flow with the connected pores as the carr...The three-dimensional(3 D) structures of pores directly affect the CH4 flow.Therefore,it is very important to analyze the3 D spatial structure of pores and to simulate the CH4 flow with the connected pores as the carrier.The result shows that the equivalent radius of pores and throats are 1-16 μm and 1.03-8.9 μm,respectively,and the throat length is 3.28-231.25 μm.The coordination number of pores concentrates around three,and the intersection point between the connectivity function and the X-axis is 3-4 μm,which indicate the macro-pores have good connectivity.During the single-channel flow,the pressure decreases along the direction of CH4 flow,and the flow velocity of CH4 decreases from the pore center to the wall.Under the dual-channel and the multi-channel flows,the pressure also decreases along the CH4 flow direction,while the velocity increases.The mean flow pressure gradually decreases with the increase of the distance from the inlet slice.The change of mean flow pressure is relatively stable in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane,while it is relatively large in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane.The mean flow velocity in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane(Y-axis) is the largest,followed by that in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane(X-axis),and the mean flow velocity in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane is the smallest.展开更多
Flow in tidal rivers periodically propagates upstream or downstream under tidal influence. Hydrodynamic models based on the Saint-Venant equations （the SVN model） are extensively used to model tidal rivers. A force-...Flow in tidal rivers periodically propagates upstream or downstream under tidal influence. Hydrodynamic models based on the Saint-Venant equations （the SVN model） are extensively used to model tidal rivers. A force-corrected term expressed as the combination of flow velocity and the change rate of the tidal fevel was developed to represent tidal effects in the SVN model. A momentum equation incorporating with the corrected term was derived based on Newton＇s second law. By combing the modified momentum equation with the continuity equation, an improved SVN model for tidal rivers （the ISVN model） was constructed. The simulation of a tidal reach of the Qiantang River shows that the ISVN model performs better than the SVN model. It indicates that the corrected force derived for tidal effects is reasonable; the ISVN model provides an appropriate enhancement of the SVN model for flow simulation of tidal rivers.展开更多
Simulations of water flow in channel networks require estimated values of roughness for all the individual channel segments that make up a network. When the number of individual channel segments is large, the paramete...Simulations of water flow in channel networks require estimated values of roughness for all the individual channel segments that make up a network. When the number of individual channel segments is large, the parameter calibration workload is substantial and a high level of uncertainty in estimated roughness cannot be avoided. In this study, all the individual channel segments are graded according to the factors determining the value of roughness. It is assumed that channel segments with the same grade have the same value of roughness. Based on observed hydrological data, an optimal model for roughness estimation is built. The procedure of solving the optimal problem using the optimal model is described. In a test of its efficacy, this estimation method was applied successfully in the simulation of tidal water flow in a large complicated channel network in the lower reach of the Yangtze River in China.展开更多
Debris flows are rapid mass movements with a mixture of rock,soil and water.High-intensity rainfall events have triggered multiple debris flows around the globe,making it an important concern from the disaster managem...Debris flows are rapid mass movements with a mixture of rock,soil and water.High-intensity rainfall events have triggered multiple debris flows around the globe,making it an important concern from the disaster management perspective.This study presents a numerical model called debris flow simulation 2D(DFS 2D)and applicability of the proposed model is investigated through the values of the model parameters used for the reproduction of an occurred debris flow at Yindongzi gully in China on 13 August 2010.The model can be used to simulate debris flows using three different rheologies and has a userfriendly interface for providing the inputs.Using DFS 2D,flow parameters can be estimated with respect to space and time.The values of the flow resistance parameters of model,dry-Coulomb and turbulent friction,were calibrated through the back analysis and the values obtained are 0.1 and 1000 m/s^(2),respectively.Two new methods of calibration are proposed in this study,considering the crosssectional area of flow and topographical changes induced by the debris flow.The proposed methods of calibration provide an effective solution to the cumulative errors induced by coarse-resolution digital elevation models(DEMs)in numerical modelling of debris flows.The statistical indices such as Willmott's index of agreement,mean-absolute-error,and normalized-root-mean-square-error of the calibrated model are 0.5,1.02 and 1.44,respectively.The comparison between simulated and observed values of topographic changes indicates that DFS 2D provides satisfactory results and can be used for dynamic modelling of debris flows.展开更多
This paper describes a flow simulation model used to determine the effects of a shroud on the performance of a wind turbine. Also, it focuses on comparing the standard type of wind turbines— upwind turbine with three...This paper describes a flow simulation model used to determine the effects of a shroud on the performance of a wind turbine. Also, it focuses on comparing the standard type of wind turbines— upwind turbine with three blades fixed on a horizontal axis—with a new type that is called a shrouded wind turbine. In addition, the two types of turbines are compared in terms of velocities profiles, pressure distribution and power output when applying four different velocities of winds: 10, 20, 30, 40 mph. Numerical values and graphs are highlighted in order to show the main differences between the shrouded turbine and the conventional one. Finally, a conclusion and some recommendations are provided to summarize the scope of this research and give a better prediction for a future optimal design of the shrouded turbines.展开更多
The continuum approach in fluid flow modeling is generally applied to porous geological media, but has limited applicability to fractured rocks. With the presence of a discrete fracture network relatively sparsely dis...The continuum approach in fluid flow modeling is generally applied to porous geological media, but has limited applicability to fractured rocks. With the presence of a discrete fracture network relatively sparsely distributed in the matrix, it may be difficult or erroneous to use a porous medium fluid flow model with continuum assumptions to describe the fluid flow in fractured rocks at small or even large field scales. A discrete fracture fluid flow approach incorporating a stochastic fracture network with numerical fluid flow simulations could have the capability of capturing fluid flow behaviors such as inhomogeneity and anisotropy while reflecting the changes of hydraulic features at different scales. Moreover, this approach can be implemented to estimate the size of the representative elementary volume (REV) in order to find out the scales at which a porous medium flow model could be applied, and then to determine the hydraulic conductivity tensor for fractured rocks. The following topics are focused on in this study: (a) conceptual discrete fracture fluid flow modeling incorporating a stochastic fracture network with numerical flow simulations; (b) estimation of REV and hydraulic conductivity tensor for fractured rocks utilizing a stochastic fracture network with numerical fluid flow simulations; (c) investigation of the effect of fracture orientation and density on the hydraulic conductivity and REV by implementing a stochastic fracture network with numerical fluid flow simulations, and (d) fluid flow conceptual models accounting for major and minor fractures in the 2 D or 3 D flow fields incorporating a stochastic fracture network with numerical fluid flow simulations.展开更多
Eight different patch configurations were investigated to analyze the effect of patch characterization/formation in streamflow simulation, using the Regional Hydro-Ecologic Simulation Systems (RHESSys) model. It is in...Eight different patch configurations were investigated to analyze the effect of patch characterization/formation in streamflow simulation, using the Regional Hydro-Ecologic Simulation Systems (RHESSys) model. It is investigated for eight different patch configurations of a subcatchment of the Turkey Lakes Watershed, Ontario. The model’s hydrological parameters are calibrated for each of these patch configurations and the performance of the simulations is evaluated. Results indicate that both the nature of the flow simulation and the calibrated parameter values are sensitive to patch configuration. The best simulation results were obtained for the patch configuration with the highest spatial variation of climate, stream network and hillslope conditions across the subcatchment. Different patch configurations also lead to markedly different calibrations of the model’s hydrological parameters (54.26 < k < 119.13;and 1.02 < m < 2.28), which has implications for the physical interpretation and transferability of the calibrated parameter values.展开更多
A two-dimensional mathematical model is used to simulate the influence of water flow on the piers of a bridge for different incidence angles.In particular,a finite volume method is used to discretize the Navier-Stokes...A two-dimensional mathematical model is used to simulate the influence of water flow on the piers of a bridge for different incidence angles.In particular,a finite volume method is used to discretize the Navier-Stokes control equations and calculate the circumferential pressure coefficient distribution on the bridge piers’surface.The results show that the deflection of the flow is non-monotonic.It first increases and then decreases with an increase in the skew angle.展开更多
Gravity assistance is a critical factor influencing CO_(2)-Oil mixing and miscible flow during EOR and CO_(2)geological storage.Based on the Navier-Stokes equation,component mass conservation equation,and fluid proper...Gravity assistance is a critical factor influencing CO_(2)-Oil mixing and miscible flow during EOR and CO_(2)geological storage.Based on the Navier-Stokes equation,component mass conservation equation,and fluid property-composition relationship,a mathematical model for pore-scale CO_(2) injection in oilsaturated porous media was developed in this study.The model can reflect the effects of gravity assistance,component diffusion,fluid density variation,and velocity change on EOR and CO_(2) storage.For nonhomogeneous porous media,the gravity influence and large density difference help to minimize the velocity difference between the main flow path and the surrounding area,thus improving the oil recovery and CO_(2) storage.Large CO_(2) injection angles and oil-CO_(2) density differences can increase the oil recovery by 22.6% and 4.2%,respectively,and increase CO_(2) storage by 37.9% and 4.7%,respectively.Component diffusion facilitates the transportation of the oil components from the low-velocity region to the main flow path,thereby reducing the oil/CO_(2) concentration difference within the porous media.Component diffusion can increase oil recovery and CO_(2) storage by 5.7% and 6.9%,respectively.In addition,combined with the component diffusion,a low CO_(2) injection rate creates a more uniform spatial distribution of the oil/CO_(2) component,resulting in increases of 9.5% oil recovery and 15.7% CO_(2) storage,respectively.This study provides theoretical support for improving the geological CO_(2) storage and EOR processes.展开更多
In this article,the anaglyph video maker is employed for generating realistic 3-D flows and the software FlowAnimator is developed using that technology.Based on Microsoft Windows Presentation Foundation（WPF）,the re...In this article,the anaglyph video maker is employed for generating realistic 3-D flows and the software FlowAnimator is developed using that technology.Based on Microsoft Windows Presentation Foundation（WPF）,the real 3-D scene is set up and marker particles are distributed in it randomly in order to create a more natural flow scenario.The trajectory of the particle motion is calculated with Lagrangian description in 3-D space.During the simulation,the viewport can be changed in order to focus on different parts of the model by panning,zooming,rotating and inclination variation etc.Marker particles may appear in different shapes：spheres,tracking-balls,cylinders and ribbons in order to fit different flows.It is the first time that the video anaglyph technology is employed in the 3-D hydrodynamic simulation,which removes the obstacles for 3-D scenes to be rendered on a flat-panel display.展开更多
A flexible flat torque converter was proposed to fulfill the requirement of miniaturization and power density maximization for automobiles.Constructed by two arcs joined by lines,the torus was designed directly from d...A flexible flat torque converter was proposed to fulfill the requirement of miniaturization and power density maximization for automobiles.Constructed by two arcs joined by lines,the torus was designed directly from design path.The influence of flatness on the performance of the torque converter was evaluated.The software CFX and standard k-ε model were adopted to simulate the internal flow fields of the torque converter under different flatness ratios.The results indicated that the performance of the torque converter got worse as the flatness declined,but the capacity of pump increased.The efficiency and the torque ratio dropped slightly as the flatness ratio decreased.So the torque converter could be squashed appropriately to get high power density without too much efficiency sacrifice.But when the flatness ratio was below 0.2,there was a significant drop in the efficiency.展开更多
The expressway traffc incidents have the characteristics of high harmful, strong destructive and refractory.Incident detection can guarantee smooth operation of the expressway, reduce traffc congestion and avoid secon...The expressway traffc incidents have the characteristics of high harmful, strong destructive and refractory.Incident detection can guarantee smooth operation of the expressway, reduce traffc congestion and avoid secondary accident by informing the accident, detection and treatment timely. In this paper, an incident detection method is proposed using the toll station data that takes into account the traffc ratio at the entrances and crossway in the network. The expressway traffc simulation model is improved and a simulation algorithm is established to describe the movement of the vehicles. A numerical example is experimented on the expressway network of Shandong province. The proposed method can effectively detect the expressway incidents, and dynamically estimate the traffc network states so as to provide advice for the highway management department.展开更多
In order to better understand twin-roll casting process,a 3D finite element method(FEM) simulation was carried out,based on the conditions of the pilot vertical twin-roll caster,to study the thermal flow and solidific...In order to better understand twin-roll casting process,a 3D finite element method(FEM) simulation was carried out,based on the conditions of the pilot vertical twin-roll caster,to study the thermal flow and solidification behavior in the twin-roll casting process.The simulation results show that non-uniform temperature and velocity distribution near the side dam region are the main reason for causing non-uniform solidification and non-uniform deformation along the cast sheet width.Therefore,it is necessary to preheat the side dams or improve the design of nozzle to compensate the effect of side dams on the casting process.High quality magnesium sheets have been cast after improved the casting devices.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.50576088）, the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province （No.R503170） and the Doctoral Program Foundation of Ministry of Education （No.20030335009）.
文摘Based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model, three-dimensional turbulent flow in four low-specific-speed centrifugal impellers are simulated numerically and analyzed. The relative velocity distribution, pressure distribution and static pressure rise at the design point are obtained for the regular impeller with only long blades and three complex impellers with long, mid or short blades. It is found that the back flow region between long-blade pressure side and mid-blade suction side is diminished and is pushed to pressure side of short blades near the outlet of impeller at suction side by the introduction of mid, short blades, and the size of back flow becomes smaller in a multi-blade complex impeller. And the pressure rises uniformly from inlet to outlet in all the impellers. The simulated results show that the complex impeller with long, mid and short blades can improve the velocity distribution and reduce the back flow in the impeller channel. The experimental results show that the back flow in the impeller has an important influence on the performance of pump and a more-blade complex impeller with long, mid and short blades can effectively solve low flow rate instability of the low-specific-speed centrifugal pump.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2018YFB0605601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41972168)。
文摘The three-dimensional(3 D) structures of pores directly affect the CH4 flow.Therefore,it is very important to analyze the3 D spatial structure of pores and to simulate the CH4 flow with the connected pores as the carrier.The result shows that the equivalent radius of pores and throats are 1-16 μm and 1.03-8.9 μm,respectively,and the throat length is 3.28-231.25 μm.The coordination number of pores concentrates around three,and the intersection point between the connectivity function and the X-axis is 3-4 μm,which indicate the macro-pores have good connectivity.During the single-channel flow,the pressure decreases along the direction of CH4 flow,and the flow velocity of CH4 decreases from the pore center to the wall.Under the dual-channel and the multi-channel flows,the pressure also decreases along the CH4 flow direction,while the velocity increases.The mean flow pressure gradually decreases with the increase of the distance from the inlet slice.The change of mean flow pressure is relatively stable in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane,while it is relatively large in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane.The mean flow velocity in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane(Y-axis) is the largest,followed by that in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane(X-axis),and the mean flow velocity in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane is the smallest.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period (Grant No. 2008BAB29B08-02)the Program for the Ministry of Education and State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China (Grant No. B08408)
文摘Flow in tidal rivers periodically propagates upstream or downstream under tidal influence. Hydrodynamic models based on the Saint-Venant equations （the SVN model） are extensively used to model tidal rivers. A force-corrected term expressed as the combination of flow velocity and the change rate of the tidal fevel was developed to represent tidal effects in the SVN model. A momentum equation incorporating with the corrected term was derived based on Newton＇s second law. By combing the modified momentum equation with the continuity equation, an improved SVN model for tidal rivers （the ISVN model） was constructed. The simulation of a tidal reach of the Qiantang River shows that the ISVN model performs better than the SVN model. It indicates that the corrected force derived for tidal effects is reasonable; the ISVN model provides an appropriate enhancement of the SVN model for flow simulation of tidal rivers.
基金supported by the Chinese Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. BK2001017)
文摘Simulations of water flow in channel networks require estimated values of roughness for all the individual channel segments that make up a network. When the number of individual channel segments is large, the parameter calibration workload is substantial and a high level of uncertainty in estimated roughness cannot be avoided. In this study, all the individual channel segments are graded according to the factors determining the value of roughness. It is assumed that channel segments with the same grade have the same value of roughness. Based on observed hydrological data, an optimal model for roughness estimation is built. The procedure of solving the optimal problem using the optimal model is described. In a test of its efficacy, this estimation method was applied successfully in the simulation of tidal water flow in a large complicated channel network in the lower reach of the Yangtze River in China.
基金financially supported by Department of Space,India(Grant No.ISRO/RES/4/663/18-19)。
文摘Debris flows are rapid mass movements with a mixture of rock,soil and water.High-intensity rainfall events have triggered multiple debris flows around the globe,making it an important concern from the disaster management perspective.This study presents a numerical model called debris flow simulation 2D(DFS 2D)and applicability of the proposed model is investigated through the values of the model parameters used for the reproduction of an occurred debris flow at Yindongzi gully in China on 13 August 2010.The model can be used to simulate debris flows using three different rheologies and has a userfriendly interface for providing the inputs.Using DFS 2D,flow parameters can be estimated with respect to space and time.The values of the flow resistance parameters of model,dry-Coulomb and turbulent friction,were calibrated through the back analysis and the values obtained are 0.1 and 1000 m/s^(2),respectively.Two new methods of calibration are proposed in this study,considering the crosssectional area of flow and topographical changes induced by the debris flow.The proposed methods of calibration provide an effective solution to the cumulative errors induced by coarse-resolution digital elevation models(DEMs)in numerical modelling of debris flows.The statistical indices such as Willmott's index of agreement,mean-absolute-error,and normalized-root-mean-square-error of the calibrated model are 0.5,1.02 and 1.44,respectively.The comparison between simulated and observed values of topographic changes indicates that DFS 2D provides satisfactory results and can be used for dynamic modelling of debris flows.
文摘This paper describes a flow simulation model used to determine the effects of a shroud on the performance of a wind turbine. Also, it focuses on comparing the standard type of wind turbines— upwind turbine with three blades fixed on a horizontal axis—with a new type that is called a shrouded wind turbine. In addition, the two types of turbines are compared in terms of velocities profiles, pressure distribution and power output when applying four different velocities of winds: 10, 20, 30, 40 mph. Numerical values and graphs are highlighted in order to show the main differences between the shrouded turbine and the conventional one. Finally, a conclusion and some recommendations are provided to summarize the scope of this research and give a better prediction for a future optimal design of the shrouded turbines.
基金ChinaCommitteeofEducation theUniver sityofArizonaandtheMetropolitanWaterDistrictofSouthernCaliforni a.
文摘The continuum approach in fluid flow modeling is generally applied to porous geological media, but has limited applicability to fractured rocks. With the presence of a discrete fracture network relatively sparsely distributed in the matrix, it may be difficult or erroneous to use a porous medium fluid flow model with continuum assumptions to describe the fluid flow in fractured rocks at small or even large field scales. A discrete fracture fluid flow approach incorporating a stochastic fracture network with numerical fluid flow simulations could have the capability of capturing fluid flow behaviors such as inhomogeneity and anisotropy while reflecting the changes of hydraulic features at different scales. Moreover, this approach can be implemented to estimate the size of the representative elementary volume (REV) in order to find out the scales at which a porous medium flow model could be applied, and then to determine the hydraulic conductivity tensor for fractured rocks. The following topics are focused on in this study: (a) conceptual discrete fracture fluid flow modeling incorporating a stochastic fracture network with numerical flow simulations; (b) estimation of REV and hydraulic conductivity tensor for fractured rocks utilizing a stochastic fracture network with numerical fluid flow simulations; (c) investigation of the effect of fracture orientation and density on the hydraulic conductivity and REV by implementing a stochastic fracture network with numerical fluid flow simulations, and (d) fluid flow conceptual models accounting for major and minor fractures in the 2 D or 3 D flow fields incorporating a stochastic fracture network with numerical fluid flow simulations.
文摘Eight different patch configurations were investigated to analyze the effect of patch characterization/formation in streamflow simulation, using the Regional Hydro-Ecologic Simulation Systems (RHESSys) model. It is investigated for eight different patch configurations of a subcatchment of the Turkey Lakes Watershed, Ontario. The model’s hydrological parameters are calibrated for each of these patch configurations and the performance of the simulations is evaluated. Results indicate that both the nature of the flow simulation and the calibrated parameter values are sensitive to patch configuration. The best simulation results were obtained for the patch configuration with the highest spatial variation of climate, stream network and hillslope conditions across the subcatchment. Different patch configurations also lead to markedly different calibrations of the model’s hydrological parameters (54.26 < k < 119.13;and 1.02 < m < 2.28), which has implications for the physical interpretation and transferability of the calibrated parameter values.
文摘A two-dimensional mathematical model is used to simulate the influence of water flow on the piers of a bridge for different incidence angles.In particular,a finite volume method is used to discretize the Navier-Stokes control equations and calculate the circumferential pressure coefficient distribution on the bridge piers’surface.The results show that the deflection of the flow is non-monotonic.It first increases and then decreases with an increase in the skew angle.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51991364,51974347)the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC under Grant ZD2019-184-002。
文摘Gravity assistance is a critical factor influencing CO_(2)-Oil mixing and miscible flow during EOR and CO_(2)geological storage.Based on the Navier-Stokes equation,component mass conservation equation,and fluid property-composition relationship,a mathematical model for pore-scale CO_(2) injection in oilsaturated porous media was developed in this study.The model can reflect the effects of gravity assistance,component diffusion,fluid density variation,and velocity change on EOR and CO_(2) storage.For nonhomogeneous porous media,the gravity influence and large density difference help to minimize the velocity difference between the main flow path and the surrounding area,thus improving the oil recovery and CO_(2) storage.Large CO_(2) injection angles and oil-CO_(2) density differences can increase the oil recovery by 22.6% and 4.2%,respectively,and increase CO_(2) storage by 37.9% and 4.7%,respectively.Component diffusion facilitates the transportation of the oil components from the low-velocity region to the main flow path,thereby reducing the oil/CO_(2) concentration difference within the porous media.Component diffusion can increase oil recovery and CO_(2) storage by 5.7% and 6.9%,respectively.In addition,combined with the component diffusion,a low CO_(2) injection rate creates a more uniform spatial distribution of the oil/CO_(2) component,resulting in increases of 9.5% oil recovery and 15.7% CO_(2) storage,respectively.This study provides theoretical support for improving the geological CO_(2) storage and EOR processes.
文摘In this article,the anaglyph video maker is employed for generating realistic 3-D flows and the software FlowAnimator is developed using that technology.Based on Microsoft Windows Presentation Foundation（WPF）,the real 3-D scene is set up and marker particles are distributed in it randomly in order to create a more natural flow scenario.The trajectory of the particle motion is calculated with Lagrangian description in 3-D space.During the simulation,the viewport can be changed in order to focus on different parts of the model by panning,zooming,rotating and inclination variation etc.Marker particles may appear in different shapes：spheres,tracking-balls,cylinders and ribbons in order to fit different flows.It is the first time that the video anaglyph technology is employed in the 3-D hydrodynamic simulation,which removes the obstacles for 3-D scenes to be rendered on a flat-panel display.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50905016)
文摘A flexible flat torque converter was proposed to fulfill the requirement of miniaturization and power density maximization for automobiles.Constructed by two arcs joined by lines,the torus was designed directly from design path.The influence of flatness on the performance of the torque converter was evaluated.The software CFX and standard k-ε model were adopted to simulate the internal flow fields of the torque converter under different flatness ratios.The results indicated that the performance of the torque converter got worse as the flatness declined,but the capacity of pump increased.The efficiency and the torque ratio dropped slightly as the flatness ratio decreased.So the torque converter could be squashed appropriately to get high power density without too much efficiency sacrifice.But when the flatness ratio was below 0.2,there was a significant drop in the efficiency.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71871130,71471104,71771019,71571109the University Science and Technology Program Funding Projects of Shandong Province under Grant No.J17KA211the Project of Public Security Department of Shandong Province under Grant No.GATHT2015-236
文摘The expressway traffc incidents have the characteristics of high harmful, strong destructive and refractory.Incident detection can guarantee smooth operation of the expressway, reduce traffc congestion and avoid secondary accident by informing the accident, detection and treatment timely. In this paper, an incident detection method is proposed using the toll station data that takes into account the traffc ratio at the entrances and crossway in the network. The expressway traffc simulation model is improved and a simulation algorithm is established to describe the movement of the vehicles. A numerical example is experimented on the expressway network of Shandong province. The proposed method can effectively detect the expressway incidents, and dynamically estimate the traffc network states so as to provide advice for the highway management department.
文摘In order to better understand twin-roll casting process,a 3D finite element method(FEM) simulation was carried out,based on the conditions of the pilot vertical twin-roll caster,to study the thermal flow and solidification behavior in the twin-roll casting process.The simulation results show that non-uniform temperature and velocity distribution near the side dam region are the main reason for causing non-uniform solidification and non-uniform deformation along the cast sheet width.Therefore,it is necessary to preheat the side dams or improve the design of nozzle to compensate the effect of side dams on the casting process.High quality magnesium sheets have been cast after improved the casting devices.
