BACKGROUND After vaccination was mandated worldwide,various adverse effects associated with the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination,including shoulder pain,have been reported.Here,we report a case of new-ons...BACKGROUND After vaccination was mandated worldwide,various adverse effects associated with the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination,including shoulder pain,have been reported.Here,we report a case of new-onset shoulder pain after BNT162b2(Comirnaty,Pfizer-BioNTech)mRNA vaccination.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old man visited our rehabilitation center with left shoulder range of motion(ROM)limitation that had persisted for more than 5 mo.The history included no specific noteworthy events,except vaccination.The pain in the patient’s left deltoid muscle appeared 1 day after the second BNT162b2 vaccination and intensified to severe pain.The patient self-administered aspirin,with which the pain subsided immediately,whereas ROM limitation persisted.At the first visit,the patient complained of dull pain and ROM restriction of the left shoulder(flexion 130°,abduction 110°,and external rotation 40°).Among the diagnostic studies conducted for the evaluation of the shoulder,magnetic resonance imaging showed a thickened coracohumeral ligament.Nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography showed no electrodiagnostic abnormalities.The patient received comprehensive rehabilitation for 7 mo and had an overall improvement in pain and ROM of the left shoulder.CONCLUSION In this case of severe shoulder pain after COVID-19 vaccination that subsided immediately with aspirin treatment,the exact cause and mechanism of pain are unclear.However,the clinical symptoms and diagnostic workups in our report suggest the possibility that the COVID-19 vaccination triggered an immunochemical response that resulted in shoulder pathology.展开更多
Objective To assess the efficacy and possible adverse effects of acupuncture on frozen shoulder. Methods Based on the key words, i.e. acupuncture, electroacupuncture, acupuncture-moxibustion, frozen shoulder, adhesive...Objective To assess the efficacy and possible adverse effects of acupuncture on frozen shoulder. Methods Based on the key words, i.e. acupuncture, electroacupuncture, acupuncture-moxibustion, frozen shoulder, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder disorders etc., the Chinese databases were retrieved, including Oochrane Musculoskeleta Group, Oochrane Controlled Trials Register, Oochrane Complementary Medicine Field, and the central database of the Oochrane Library as well as MEDLINE, EMBASE and Chinese Biomedical CD （OBM-disc）. 20 Chinese medical journals and relevant academic conference proceedings have been searched manually. The reference lists of identified documents were checked as the supplementary retrieval. Results 6 randomized controlled trials on frozen shoulder with acupuncture and electroacupuncture were included, indicating quite advanced study quality. There were 34 to 257 participants in the trials, 668 in total. The total OR of CMS/OSA was OR 3.49 （95 % CI - 2.64 to 9.63）, the total OR of VAS was OR - 1.24 （95% CI -3.50 to 1.01）, the total OR of ROM was OR 35.70 （95% CI 22.91 to 48.49）; the total OR of MELLE was OR 4.30 （95% OI 2.32 to 7.98）. Conclusion It is shown in the present limited inclusive trials on frozen shoulder that acupuncture is the safe therapy and effective on improving the global function, relieving pain, and improving the range of motion of shoulder. All the therapeutic effects of acupuncture are superior to those in control group. However, much more high quality trials are required to provide much stronger evidence. Additionally, much more evidences on validity of frozen shoulder with other assessing indexes involved are required in the treatment with acupuncture.展开更多
BACKGROUND Frozen shoulder(FS)is a familiar disorder.Diabetics with FS have more severe symptoms and a worse prognosis.Thus,this study investigated the influence of enhancing dynamic scapular recognition on shoulder d...BACKGROUND Frozen shoulder(FS)is a familiar disorder.Diabetics with FS have more severe symptoms and a worse prognosis.Thus,this study investigated the influence of enhancing dynamic scapular recognition on shoulder disability and pain in diabetics with FS.CASE SUMMARY A Forty-five years-old male person with diabetes mellitus and a unilateral FS(stage II)for at least 3 mo with shoulder pain and limitation in both passive and active ranges of motion(ROMs)of the glenohumeral joint of≥25%in 2 directions participated in this study.This person received dynamic scapular recognition exercise was applied to a diabetic person with a unilateral FS(stage II).The main outcome measures were upward rotation of the scapula,shoulder pain and disability index,and shoulder range of motion of flexion,abduction,and external rotation.The dynamic scapular exercise was performed for 15 min/session and 3 sessions/wk lasted for 4 wk.After 4 wk of intervention,there were improvements between pre-treatment and post-treatment in shoulder pain,shoulder pain and disability index,shoulder ROM,and upward rotation of the scapula.CONCLUSION This case report suggested that enhancing dynamic scapular recognition may improve shoulder pain and disability;upward rotation of the scapula;and shoulder ROM of shoulder abduction,flexion,and external rotation after 4 wk.展开更多
A frozen shoulder is a common cause of shoulder pain and stiffness.The etiology and pathology of frozen shoulders is not fully understood yet.Frozen shoulderis characterized by a decrease in intra-articular volume and...A frozen shoulder is a common cause of shoulder pain and stiffness.The etiology and pathology of frozen shoulders is not fully understood yet.Frozen shoulderis characterized by a decrease in intra-articular volume and capsular compliance.This can lead to significant limitations in daily life.The majority of the patients can be treated conservatively,with functional recovery to be expected in two to three years.However,if conservative treatment fails,manipulation under anaesthesia and arthroscopic capsular release can both be considered as appropriate treatments.Manipulation is a traditionally well-established technique but in recent years it seems that arthroscopic capsular release has gained popularity.Manipulation is a relative time efficient and technically low-demanding procedure in which the glenohumeral joint is forced into different directions under general anaesthesia to release the capsular contracture,thereby increasing the range of motion of the joint.In arthroscopic capsular release the glenohumeral capsule can be released in a more controlled manner under direct vision.There are no prospective comparative trials available to display superiority of one procedure over the other.In addition,the optimal timing of both these interventions still has to be determined.An overview of the literature concerning this topic and a description of both procedures with its own advantages and disadvantages is provided.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the efficacy of TongLuoZhiTong Gel in the treatment of frozen shoulder model and the effects of frozen shoulder-related factors IL-1β,TNF-αandMMP-3 in rabbit.Methods:Twenty-four male healthy...Objective:To investigate the efficacy of TongLuoZhiTong Gel in the treatment of frozen shoulder model and the effects of frozen shoulder-related factors IL-1β,TNF-αandMMP-3 in rabbit.Methods:Twenty-four male healthy adult rabbits were randomly divided into the following three groups:blank group(group A),model control group(group B),and TongLuoZhiTong Gel treatment group(group C).Except for the blank group,the rabbits were subjected to a frozen shoulder model by continuous mechanical strain and ice application.After the model was completed,both groups A and B were not treated;group C was treated with external application of TongLuoZhiTong Gel,5 times a week for 2 weeks.Two weeks later,the synovial tissue was abstracted in the frozen shoulder joint,and then observed under the light microscope after HE staining.The Krenn grading of chronic synovitis was used to evaluated the degree of inflammation of the synovium.At the same time,the expression levels of IL-1β,TNF-αand MMP-3 in serum and periarticular tissues of each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results:Compared with the blank group,the Krenn score of the shoulder group was significantly increased after model establishment(P<0.05),and the local skin was red and swollen,suggesting successful modeling.Compared with the model group,after two weeks treatment of TongLuoZhiTong Gel,the inflammatory infiltration of the synovial tissue sections was significantly relieved,and the Krenn score was significantly decreased(P<0.05).In terms of fibrogenic chemical factors and inflammatory chemical factors,TongLuoZhiTong Gel treatment group can significantly reduce the expression of IL-1β,TNF-αand MMP-3 in rabbit serum and periarticular tissue homogenate(P<0.05).Conclusion:TongLuoZhiTong Gel can effectively alleviate the synovial inflammation of the frozen shoulder model of rabbits,and can significantly reduce the levels of IL-1β,TNF-αand MMP-3 in the serum and surrounding tissues of rabbits.展开更多
Background: Frozen shoulder is a painful condition that can lead to long-term disability. The frequency of frozen shoulder among diabetic patients is about 10% to 39%. Diabetics have a higher prevalence of frozen shou...Background: Frozen shoulder is a painful condition that can lead to long-term disability. The frequency of frozen shoulder among diabetic patients is about 10% to 39%. Diabetics have a higher prevalence of frozen shoulder than the general population, and these individuals are less responsive to therapy and have a larger range of motion limitation. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to determine the prevalence of diabetes among patients with frozen shoulder and to compare them in terms of demographics, clinical and treatment features. Method: This study was performed on patients who had been diagnosed with frozen shoulder at an orthopedic center in Mashhad, Iran, from 2012 to October 2021. The frequencies and cross tabulations were used to analyze the data by SPSS to determine the significance of relationships. The chi-square and t-tests have been used with a p-value less than 0.05 as the alpha level of significance. Results: Among the patients, the average age was 56 years old. Among 310 patients with Frozen shoulder, 36% were diabetic. There was no statistically significant difference in gender and level of activity between patients with and without diabetes. In contrast, the side of the affected shoulder, duration of frozen shoulder, stage of frozen shoulder and treatment of frozen shoulder were statistically significantly different between the two groups (p p Conclusion: Based on this study, around one-third of frozen shoulder patients have diabetes. Although there was a statistically significant difference in the treatment of frozen shoulder between patients with and without diabetes groups, diabetic individuals have a more severe course of illness, and their treatment is less effective.展开更多
Frozen shoulder is a common disease which causes significant morbidity. Despite over a hundred years of treating this condition the definition, diagnosis, pathology and most efficacious treatments are still largely un...Frozen shoulder is a common disease which causes significant morbidity. Despite over a hundred years of treating this condition the definition, diagnosis, pathology and most efficacious treatments are still largely unclear. This systematic review of current treatments for frozen shoulder reviews the evidence base behind physiotherapy, both oral and intra articular steroid, hydrodilatation, manipulation under anaesthesia and arthroscopic capsular release. Key areas in which future research could be directed are identified, in particular with regard to the increasing role of arthroscopic capsular release as a treatment.展开更多
AIM To compare the results of arthroscopic capsular release with intra-articular steroid injections in patients of frozen shoulder.METHODS Fifty-six patients with frozen shoulder were randomised to one of two treatmen...AIM To compare the results of arthroscopic capsular release with intra-articular steroid injections in patients of frozen shoulder.METHODS Fifty-six patients with frozen shoulder were randomised to one of two treatment groups: Group 1, complete 360 degree arthroscopic capsular release and group 2, intra-articular corticosteroid injection(40 mg methyl prednisolone acetate). Both groups were put on active and passive range of motion exercises following the intervention. The outcome parameters were visual analogue scale(VAS) score for pain, range of motion and Constant score which were measured at baseline, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 wk after intervention.RESULTS All the parameters improved in both the groups. The mean VAS score improved significantly more in the group 1 as compared to group 2 at 8 wk. This greater improvement was maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.007 at 8 wk, 0.006 at 12 wk, 0.006 at 16 wk and 0.019 at 20 wk. The Constant score showed a more significant improvement in group 1 compared to group 2 at 4 wk, which was again maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.01 at 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk. The gain in abduction movement was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.001 at 4, 8, 12, 16 wk and 0.005 at 20 wk. The gain in external rotation was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.007 at 4 wk, 0.001 at 8, 12, and 16 wk and 0.003 at 20 wk. There was no statistically significant difference in extension and internal rotation between the two groups at any time. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic capsular release provides subjective and objective improvement earlier than intra-articular steroid injection.展开更多
Introduction: Frozen shoulder is a common condition that affects the working population. Current management regimes are variable nationwide and the evidence base on which to base these decisions is poor. The longevity...Introduction: Frozen shoulder is a common condition that affects the working population. Current management regimes are variable nationwide and the evidence base on which to base these decisions is poor. The longevity and severity of symptoms often result in great economic burden, both to health services and in terms of absence from work. Early surgical intervention with arthroscopic capsular release may result in improved symptoms and earlier return to both work and leisure activities. Aims: The aim of our prospective cohort study was to investigate whether early intervention with arthroscopic capsular release resulted in improvement of symptoms and whether this would in turn provide overall economic benefit to society. Methods: Patients diagnosed with frozen shoulder at an elective orthopaedic specialist shoulder clinic were recruited prospectively. Data were gathered by way of questionnaire to ascertain the demographic information of the patient as well as their previous treatment in the primary care setting and absence from work. Initial Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) was also calculated: Arthroscopic capsular release was then performed and further data gathered at four-week post-operative follow-up. Economic impact of delay to treatment and cost of intervention were calculated using government data from the national tariff which cost different forms of treatment. Statistical analysis was then performed on the results. Results: Twenty five patients were recruited. Mean results were: Age of patients: 53.5 years, duration of symptoms prior to intervention: 35.2 weeks, days absent from work: 31.5, number of previous physiotherapy sessions: 7.2, number of steroid injections: 1.3. Mean pre-operative OSS was 37.4 (range 27 - 58, SD 7.4). Mean post-operative OSS was 15.9 (range 12 - 22, SD 2.3), P 0.01. Mean improvement in OSS was 21.5 (range 12 - 38, SD 7.1). The cost of non-operative treatment per patient including absence from work to the point of surgical intervention was ￡3954. The overall cost of arthroscopic capsular release per patient was ￡1861, a difference of ￡2093. There were no surgical complications. Conclusion: Arthroscopic capsular release improved shoulder function on OSS within four weeks. This is significantly shorter than the natural history of frozen shoulder. The overall cost of arthroscopic capsular release is significantly less than the cost of treating the patients non-operatively up to the point of surgical intervention. Early surgical intervention may improve symptoms quickly and reduce economic burden of the disease. A randomised controlled trial comparing early with late intervention would further elucidate potential benefits.展开更多
AIM To investigate the additional value of physiotherapy after a corticosteroid injection in stage one or two idiopathic frozen shoulders(FSs).METHODS A two center, randomized controlled trial was done. Patients with ...AIM To investigate the additional value of physiotherapy after a corticosteroid injection in stage one or two idiopathic frozen shoulders(FSs).METHODS A two center, randomized controlled trial was done. Patients with a painful early stage idiopathic FS were eligible for inclusion. After written consent, patients were randomly allocated into two groups. All patients received an ultrasound-guided intra-articular corticosteroid injection. One group underwent additional physiotherapy treatment(PT) and the other group did not(non-PT). The primary outcome measure was the Shoulder Painand Disability Index(SPADI). Secondary outcomes were pain(numeric pain rating scale), range of motion(ROM), quality of life(RAND-36 score), and patient satisfaction. Follow-up was scheduled after 6, 12 and 26 wk.RESULTS Twenty-one patients were included, 11 patients in the non-PT and ten in the PT group, with a mean age of 52 years. Both treatment groups showed a significant improvement at 26 wk for SPADI score(non-PT: P = 0.05, PT: P = 0.03). At the 6 wk follow-up, median SPADI score was significant decreased in the PT group(14 IQR: 6-38) vs the non-PT group(63 IQR: 45-76)(P = 0.01). Pain decreased significantly in both groups but no differences were observed between both treatment groups at any time point, except for night pain at 6 wk in favor of the PT group(P = 0.02). Significant differences in all three ROM directions were observed after 6 wk in favor of the PT group(P ≤ 0.02 for all directions). A significantly greater improvement in abduction(P = 0.03) and external rotation(P = 0.04) was also present in favor of the PT group after 12 wk. RAND-36 scores showed no significant differences in health-related quality of life at all follow-up moments. At 26 wk, both groups did not differ significantly with respect to any of the outcome parameters. No complications were reported in both groups.CONCLUSION Additional physiotherapy after corticosteroid injection improves ROM and functional limitations in early-stage FSs up to the first three months.展开更多
Objective To explore better therapies for the treatment of frozen shoulder. Methods One hundred and seventy-four cases were divided into a filiform needle group （56 cases）, an electroacupuncture group （57 cases） a...Objective To explore better therapies for the treatment of frozen shoulder. Methods One hundred and seventy-four cases were divided into a filiform needle group （56 cases）, an electroacupuncture group （57 cases） and a warming needle group （61 cases） according to the randomized, controlled and single-blind study principles. Jiānqián （肩前 Extra）, Jiānyú （肩髃 LI 15）, Jiānliáo （肩髎 TE 14）, Nàoshū （臑俞 SI 10）, Wàiguān （外关 TE 5）, Hégǔ （合谷 LI 4） were used in all three groups but treated with filiform needle, electroacupuncture and warming needle technique respectively. The needles were retained for 30 min. It was given once every other day and 5 times constituted as one course. Pain indices and activity degree of shoulders were measured and recorded before and after treatment every time. Results The total effective rate was 93.0% （53/57） in the electroacupuncture group and 95.1% （58/61） in the warming needle group, both superior to that of 78.6% （44/56） in the filiform needle group （both P〈0.01）, but there was no significant difference between electroacupuncture group and warming needle group （P〉0.05）. After one course of treatment, the decline indices of shoulder pain of electroacupuncture group （4.28±0.22） and warming needle group （3.74±0.17） were both significantly greater than that of filiform needle group （2.78±0.18）（both P〈0.01）. And the decline indices of electroacupuncture group was also greater than that of warming needle group （P〈0.05）. The improvements of shoulder activity degree of warming needle group （76.92±5.53） and electroacupuncture group （60.37±3.80） were both greater than that of filiform needle group （42.50±3.67） （both P〈0.01）. And shoulder activity degree of warming needle group was also greater than that of electroacupuncture group （P〈0.01）. After one course of treatment, improvement of shoulder activity degree and decline indices of shoulder pain in these three groups were better than that after the first time treatment （all P〈0.01）. Conclusion All these three acupuncture therapies can achieve good therapeutic effects for frozen shoulder. The therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and warming needle groups are superior to that of filiform needle group. All these three therapies could significantly reduce patients’ pain and improve their shoulder activity degree. The analgesic effect of electroacupuncture is the best, and the shoulder activity degree improved by warming needle is the best. The improvement of clinical therapeutic effect mainly depends on the therapy and the treatment times when the same acupoints are selected and the condition of illness are similar.展开更多
Objective:To objectively evaluate the clinical effect of resisting method of acupuncture at movementpainful points on treating the refractory cases of frozen shoulder during adhesion period,and to compare with that of...Objective:To objectively evaluate the clinical effect of resisting method of acupuncture at movementpainful points on treating the refractory cases of frozen shoulder during adhesion period,and to compare with that of the conventional acupuncture method.Methods:According to the random grouping principle,90 patients with frozen shoulder during adhesion period were divided into"resisting method acupuncture group,general acupuncture group,and physiotherapy group",30 patients in each.In the resisting method acupuncture group,the resisting method of needling was applied at the"movement-painful points",and during acupuncture the patient was asked to do shoulder movements.In the general acupuncture group,the conventional needling method of acupuncture was applied at the conventional three shoulder-acupoints.In the physiotherapy group,the patients were treated with shock wave at the affected shoulder.All groups were treated once a day,5 times a week,a total of 2 weeks as a course of treatment.After one course of treatment,the clinical effect of the three groups was evaluated.The shoulder pain and shoulder function scale(Constant-Murley),Rating Scale of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons(ASES),and infrared thermal imaging temperature change score were observed.Results:After treatment,the shoulder pain was relieved and movement improved in all three groups,whilst the cured and remarkably effective rate of the resisting method acupuncture group was 96.7%(29/30),better than those of the general acupuncture group 86.2%(25/29)and the physiotherapy group 73.3%(22/30),with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05);the VAS score of the resisting method acupuncture group was significantly lower than those of the other two groups(P<0.05),the ConstantMurley score and the ASES score were significantly lower than those of the other two groups(all P<0.05),and the infrared thermal imaging temperature change score was significantly improved in comparing with those of the other two groups,with a statistically significant difference(both P<0.05).Conclusion:The resisting method of needling has an obvious analgesic effect and is able to restore the joint movement function in the treatment of refractory frozen shoulder during adhesion period.展开更多
Objective:To explore the manipulation techniques of acupotomy in treatment of coracoid pain of frozen shoulder.Methods:A total of 60 patients with coracoid pain of frozen shoulder were collected.The randomized double-...Objective:To explore the manipulation techniques of acupotomy in treatment of coracoid pain of frozen shoulder.Methods:A total of 60 patients with coracoid pain of frozen shoulder were collected.The randomized double-blind controlled method was adopted.Using random number table,the patients were divided into two groups,named a treatment group and a control group,30 cases in each one.In the treatment group,the pricking technique of acupotomy was adopted.In the control group,the traditional dissection technique of acupotomy was used.The duration of treatment was 5 weeks.Acupotomy was given once a week.At the end of treatment,pain index(visual analogy scale,VAS)and the therapeutic effect index were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect.Results:Before treatment,the average VAS score was 8.31±0.84 in the treatment group and it was 8.14±0.24 in the control group.After treatment,the average VAS score was 0.01±0.89 in the treatment group and it was 0.10±1.01 in the control group.The difference was significant before and after treatment in the patients of the two group(both P<0.05).The difference before and after treatment was not significant between the two groups.The effective rate was 100%and the remarkably effective rate was100%in either the treatment group or the control group.Conclusion:The pricking technique of acupotomy achieves the same therapeutic effect on coracoid pain of frozen shoulder as compared with the dissection technique,which suggests that the dissection technique is not the indispensable manipulation in the treatment of the disease.The pricking technique of acupotomy brings a smaller wound,less medical damage in,less suffering in patients and quicker recovery of wound,as well as quicker remission of pain after acupotomy.Such modified method of acupotomy is more significant in practice.However,a further research is suggested for the pathological mechanism of frozen shoulder.展开更多
Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of filiform fire-needling plus continuous passive motion(CPM)therapy for frozen shoulder.Methods:A total of 72 patients were randomized into an observation group and a contro...Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of filiform fire-needling plus continuous passive motion(CPM)therapy for frozen shoulder.Methods:A total of 72 patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method,with 36 cases in each group.Patients in the control group received celecoxib capsule plus CPM,while those in the observation group received filiform fire-needling plus CPM.The whole course of treatment lasted for 2 weeks in both groups.The visual analog scale(VAS),Constant-Murley score(CMS)and range of motion of shoulder joint were measured for therapeutic efficacy evaluation.Results:The total effective rate was 91.7%in the observation group,higher than 72.2%in the control group,and the between-group comparison showed statistical significance(P<0.05).After treatment,the VAS scores in the two groups dropped significantly,the CMS as well as the range of motion including abduction,forward flexion and extension were all increased significantly,and the intra-group comparisons showed statistical significance(all P<0.05).The betweengroup comparisons showed the improvements in these items in the observation group were more significant than those in the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Filiform fire-needling plus CPM can produce more significant efficacy than celecoxib capsule plus CPM for frozen shoulder;it can alleviate pain,improve shoulder function and restore joint range of motion in such patients.展开更多
Objective： To observe the clinical effects of frozen shoulder treated by penetrating needling and manipulation Methods： 336 cases of frozen shoulder were randomly divided into treatment group, treated with needling ...Objective： To observe the clinical effects of frozen shoulder treated by penetrating needling and manipulation Methods： 336 cases of frozen shoulder were randomly divided into treatment group, treated with needling Jianyu （LI 15） toward Jianqian （Ex） and Manipulation, and control group, treated with needling Jianyu （LI 15） toward Jianqian （Ex）. The scores of shoulder movement and the changes of infrared image were observed before and after treatment. Results： The therapeutic effects were better in the treatment group than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Penetrating needling combining with manipulation is effective in treating frozen shoulder.展开更多
BACKGROUND Manipulation under anesthesia(MUA)of the shoulder joint is a commonly used method for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis.Though it has been known to be associated with a variety of complications,there is ...BACKGROUND Manipulation under anesthesia(MUA)of the shoulder joint is a commonly used method for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis.Though it has been known to be associated with a variety of complications,there is a paucity of studies describing the arthroscopic findings after MUA.AIM To describe the arthroscopic findings in patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder after MUA.METHODS We recruited 28 patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis who underwent arthroscopic capsular release.Manipulation of the shoulder was performed under anesthesia in all of these patients before capsular release.Intra-articular findings were recorded during arthroscopic capsular release in these patients.RESULTS All patients showed the presence of synovitis.Twenty-seven patients showed tears in the capsule on the anterior aspect.One patient had an avulsion of the anterior rim of the glenoid and labrum following the manipulation.Four patients had partial rotator cuff tears,and one patient showed a superior labrum anterior posterior lesion,which was not diagnosed preoperatively on magnetic resonance imaging.CONCLUSION MUA leads to rupture of the capsule,which is the desired outcome.However,the site of rupture of the capsule is dependent on the maneuvers of MUA.In addition,partial tears of the rotator cuff and osteochondral fractures of the glenoid can also occur.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND After vaccination was mandated worldwide,various adverse effects associated with the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination,including shoulder pain,have been reported.Here,we report a case of new-onset shoulder pain after BNT162b2(Comirnaty,Pfizer-BioNTech)mRNA vaccination.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old man visited our rehabilitation center with left shoulder range of motion(ROM)limitation that had persisted for more than 5 mo.The history included no specific noteworthy events,except vaccination.The pain in the patient’s left deltoid muscle appeared 1 day after the second BNT162b2 vaccination and intensified to severe pain.The patient self-administered aspirin,with which the pain subsided immediately,whereas ROM limitation persisted.At the first visit,the patient complained of dull pain and ROM restriction of the left shoulder(flexion 130°,abduction 110°,and external rotation 40°).Among the diagnostic studies conducted for the evaluation of the shoulder,magnetic resonance imaging showed a thickened coracohumeral ligament.Nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography showed no electrodiagnostic abnormalities.The patient received comprehensive rehabilitation for 7 mo and had an overall improvement in pain and ROM of the left shoulder.CONCLUSION In this case of severe shoulder pain after COVID-19 vaccination that subsided immediately with aspirin treatment,the exact cause and mechanism of pain are unclear.However,the clinical symptoms and diagnostic workups in our report suggest the possibility that the COVID-19 vaccination triggered an immunochemical response that resulted in shoulder pathology.
文摘Objective To assess the efficacy and possible adverse effects of acupuncture on frozen shoulder. Methods Based on the key words, i.e. acupuncture, electroacupuncture, acupuncture-moxibustion, frozen shoulder, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder disorders etc., the Chinese databases were retrieved, including Oochrane Musculoskeleta Group, Oochrane Controlled Trials Register, Oochrane Complementary Medicine Field, and the central database of the Oochrane Library as well as MEDLINE, EMBASE and Chinese Biomedical CD （OBM-disc）. 20 Chinese medical journals and relevant academic conference proceedings have been searched manually. The reference lists of identified documents were checked as the supplementary retrieval. Results 6 randomized controlled trials on frozen shoulder with acupuncture and electroacupuncture were included, indicating quite advanced study quality. There were 34 to 257 participants in the trials, 668 in total. The total OR of CMS/OSA was OR 3.49 （95 % CI - 2.64 to 9.63）, the total OR of VAS was OR - 1.24 （95% CI -3.50 to 1.01）, the total OR of ROM was OR 35.70 （95% CI 22.91 to 48.49）; the total OR of MELLE was OR 4.30 （95% OI 2.32 to 7.98）. Conclusion It is shown in the present limited inclusive trials on frozen shoulder that acupuncture is the safe therapy and effective on improving the global function, relieving pain, and improving the range of motion of shoulder. All the therapeutic effects of acupuncture are superior to those in control group. However, much more high quality trials are required to provide much stronger evidence. Additionally, much more evidences on validity of frozen shoulder with other assessing indexes involved are required in the treatment with acupuncture.
文摘BACKGROUND Frozen shoulder(FS)is a familiar disorder.Diabetics with FS have more severe symptoms and a worse prognosis.Thus,this study investigated the influence of enhancing dynamic scapular recognition on shoulder disability and pain in diabetics with FS.CASE SUMMARY A Forty-five years-old male person with diabetes mellitus and a unilateral FS(stage II)for at least 3 mo with shoulder pain and limitation in both passive and active ranges of motion(ROMs)of the glenohumeral joint of≥25%in 2 directions participated in this study.This person received dynamic scapular recognition exercise was applied to a diabetic person with a unilateral FS(stage II).The main outcome measures were upward rotation of the scapula,shoulder pain and disability index,and shoulder range of motion of flexion,abduction,and external rotation.The dynamic scapular exercise was performed for 15 min/session and 3 sessions/wk lasted for 4 wk.After 4 wk of intervention,there were improvements between pre-treatment and post-treatment in shoulder pain,shoulder pain and disability index,shoulder ROM,and upward rotation of the scapula.CONCLUSION This case report suggested that enhancing dynamic scapular recognition may improve shoulder pain and disability;upward rotation of the scapula;and shoulder ROM of shoulder abduction,flexion,and external rotation after 4 wk.
文摘A frozen shoulder is a common cause of shoulder pain and stiffness.The etiology and pathology of frozen shoulders is not fully understood yet.Frozen shoulderis characterized by a decrease in intra-articular volume and capsular compliance.This can lead to significant limitations in daily life.The majority of the patients can be treated conservatively,with functional recovery to be expected in two to three years.However,if conservative treatment fails,manipulation under anaesthesia and arthroscopic capsular release can both be considered as appropriate treatments.Manipulation is a traditionally well-established technique but in recent years it seems that arthroscopic capsular release has gained popularity.Manipulation is a relative time efficient and technically low-demanding procedure in which the glenohumeral joint is forced into different directions under general anaesthesia to release the capsular contracture,thereby increasing the range of motion of the joint.In arthroscopic capsular release the glenohumeral capsule can be released in a more controlled manner under direct vision.There are no prospective comparative trials available to display superiority of one procedure over the other.In addition,the optimal timing of both these interventions still has to be determined.An overview of the literature concerning this topic and a description of both procedures with its own advantages and disadvantages is provided.
基金General program of national natural science foundation of China(No.81373662)Independent selected subjects program of Beijing university of Chinese medicine(No.2019-JYB-XS-232)
文摘Objective:To investigate the efficacy of TongLuoZhiTong Gel in the treatment of frozen shoulder model and the effects of frozen shoulder-related factors IL-1β,TNF-αandMMP-3 in rabbit.Methods:Twenty-four male healthy adult rabbits were randomly divided into the following three groups:blank group(group A),model control group(group B),and TongLuoZhiTong Gel treatment group(group C).Except for the blank group,the rabbits were subjected to a frozen shoulder model by continuous mechanical strain and ice application.After the model was completed,both groups A and B were not treated;group C was treated with external application of TongLuoZhiTong Gel,5 times a week for 2 weeks.Two weeks later,the synovial tissue was abstracted in the frozen shoulder joint,and then observed under the light microscope after HE staining.The Krenn grading of chronic synovitis was used to evaluated the degree of inflammation of the synovium.At the same time,the expression levels of IL-1β,TNF-αand MMP-3 in serum and periarticular tissues of each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results:Compared with the blank group,the Krenn score of the shoulder group was significantly increased after model establishment(P<0.05),and the local skin was red and swollen,suggesting successful modeling.Compared with the model group,after two weeks treatment of TongLuoZhiTong Gel,the inflammatory infiltration of the synovial tissue sections was significantly relieved,and the Krenn score was significantly decreased(P<0.05).In terms of fibrogenic chemical factors and inflammatory chemical factors,TongLuoZhiTong Gel treatment group can significantly reduce the expression of IL-1β,TNF-αand MMP-3 in rabbit serum and periarticular tissue homogenate(P<0.05).Conclusion:TongLuoZhiTong Gel can effectively alleviate the synovial inflammation of the frozen shoulder model of rabbits,and can significantly reduce the levels of IL-1β,TNF-αand MMP-3 in the serum and surrounding tissues of rabbits.
文摘Background: Frozen shoulder is a painful condition that can lead to long-term disability. The frequency of frozen shoulder among diabetic patients is about 10% to 39%. Diabetics have a higher prevalence of frozen shoulder than the general population, and these individuals are less responsive to therapy and have a larger range of motion limitation. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to determine the prevalence of diabetes among patients with frozen shoulder and to compare them in terms of demographics, clinical and treatment features. Method: This study was performed on patients who had been diagnosed with frozen shoulder at an orthopedic center in Mashhad, Iran, from 2012 to October 2021. The frequencies and cross tabulations were used to analyze the data by SPSS to determine the significance of relationships. The chi-square and t-tests have been used with a p-value less than 0.05 as the alpha level of significance. Results: Among the patients, the average age was 56 years old. Among 310 patients with Frozen shoulder, 36% were diabetic. There was no statistically significant difference in gender and level of activity between patients with and without diabetes. In contrast, the side of the affected shoulder, duration of frozen shoulder, stage of frozen shoulder and treatment of frozen shoulder were statistically significantly different between the two groups (p p Conclusion: Based on this study, around one-third of frozen shoulder patients have diabetes. Although there was a statistically significant difference in the treatment of frozen shoulder between patients with and without diabetes groups, diabetic individuals have a more severe course of illness, and their treatment is less effective.
文摘Frozen shoulder is a common disease which causes significant morbidity. Despite over a hundred years of treating this condition the definition, diagnosis, pathology and most efficacious treatments are still largely unclear. This systematic review of current treatments for frozen shoulder reviews the evidence base behind physiotherapy, both oral and intra articular steroid, hydrodilatation, manipulation under anaesthesia and arthroscopic capsular release. Key areas in which future research could be directed are identified, in particular with regard to the increasing role of arthroscopic capsular release as a treatment.
文摘AIM To compare the results of arthroscopic capsular release with intra-articular steroid injections in patients of frozen shoulder.METHODS Fifty-six patients with frozen shoulder were randomised to one of two treatment groups: Group 1, complete 360 degree arthroscopic capsular release and group 2, intra-articular corticosteroid injection(40 mg methyl prednisolone acetate). Both groups were put on active and passive range of motion exercises following the intervention. The outcome parameters were visual analogue scale(VAS) score for pain, range of motion and Constant score which were measured at baseline, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 wk after intervention.RESULTS All the parameters improved in both the groups. The mean VAS score improved significantly more in the group 1 as compared to group 2 at 8 wk. This greater improvement was maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.007 at 8 wk, 0.006 at 12 wk, 0.006 at 16 wk and 0.019 at 20 wk. The Constant score showed a more significant improvement in group 1 compared to group 2 at 4 wk, which was again maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.01 at 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk. The gain in abduction movement was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.001 at 4, 8, 12, 16 wk and 0.005 at 20 wk. The gain in external rotation was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.007 at 4 wk, 0.001 at 8, 12, and 16 wk and 0.003 at 20 wk. There was no statistically significant difference in extension and internal rotation between the two groups at any time. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic capsular release provides subjective and objective improvement earlier than intra-articular steroid injection.
文摘Introduction: Frozen shoulder is a common condition that affects the working population. Current management regimes are variable nationwide and the evidence base on which to base these decisions is poor. The longevity and severity of symptoms often result in great economic burden, both to health services and in terms of absence from work. Early surgical intervention with arthroscopic capsular release may result in improved symptoms and earlier return to both work and leisure activities. Aims: The aim of our prospective cohort study was to investigate whether early intervention with arthroscopic capsular release resulted in improvement of symptoms and whether this would in turn provide overall economic benefit to society. Methods: Patients diagnosed with frozen shoulder at an elective orthopaedic specialist shoulder clinic were recruited prospectively. Data were gathered by way of questionnaire to ascertain the demographic information of the patient as well as their previous treatment in the primary care setting and absence from work. Initial Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) was also calculated: Arthroscopic capsular release was then performed and further data gathered at four-week post-operative follow-up. Economic impact of delay to treatment and cost of intervention were calculated using government data from the national tariff which cost different forms of treatment. Statistical analysis was then performed on the results. Results: Twenty five patients were recruited. Mean results were: Age of patients: 53.5 years, duration of symptoms prior to intervention: 35.2 weeks, days absent from work: 31.5, number of previous physiotherapy sessions: 7.2, number of steroid injections: 1.3. Mean pre-operative OSS was 37.4 (range 27 - 58, SD 7.4). Mean post-operative OSS was 15.9 (range 12 - 22, SD 2.3), P 0.01. Mean improvement in OSS was 21.5 (range 12 - 38, SD 7.1). The cost of non-operative treatment per patient including absence from work to the point of surgical intervention was ￡3954. The overall cost of arthroscopic capsular release per patient was ￡1861, a difference of ￡2093. There were no surgical complications. Conclusion: Arthroscopic capsular release improved shoulder function on OSS within four weeks. This is significantly shorter than the natural history of frozen shoulder. The overall cost of arthroscopic capsular release is significantly less than the cost of treating the patients non-operatively up to the point of surgical intervention. Early surgical intervention may improve symptoms quickly and reduce economic burden of the disease. A randomised controlled trial comparing early with late intervention would further elucidate potential benefits.
文摘AIM To investigate the additional value of physiotherapy after a corticosteroid injection in stage one or two idiopathic frozen shoulders(FSs).METHODS A two center, randomized controlled trial was done. Patients with a painful early stage idiopathic FS were eligible for inclusion. After written consent, patients were randomly allocated into two groups. All patients received an ultrasound-guided intra-articular corticosteroid injection. One group underwent additional physiotherapy treatment(PT) and the other group did not(non-PT). The primary outcome measure was the Shoulder Painand Disability Index(SPADI). Secondary outcomes were pain(numeric pain rating scale), range of motion(ROM), quality of life(RAND-36 score), and patient satisfaction. Follow-up was scheduled after 6, 12 and 26 wk.RESULTS Twenty-one patients were included, 11 patients in the non-PT and ten in the PT group, with a mean age of 52 years. Both treatment groups showed a significant improvement at 26 wk for SPADI score(non-PT: P = 0.05, PT: P = 0.03). At the 6 wk follow-up, median SPADI score was significant decreased in the PT group(14 IQR: 6-38) vs the non-PT group(63 IQR: 45-76)(P = 0.01). Pain decreased significantly in both groups but no differences were observed between both treatment groups at any time point, except for night pain at 6 wk in favor of the PT group(P = 0.02). Significant differences in all three ROM directions were observed after 6 wk in favor of the PT group(P ≤ 0.02 for all directions). A significantly greater improvement in abduction(P = 0.03) and external rotation(P = 0.04) was also present in favor of the PT group after 12 wk. RAND-36 scores showed no significant differences in health-related quality of life at all follow-up moments. At 26 wk, both groups did not differ significantly with respect to any of the outcome parameters. No complications were reported in both groups.CONCLUSION Additional physiotherapy after corticosteroid injection improves ROM and functional limitations in early-stage FSs up to the first three months.
基金Supported by key project of Zhejiang Administra on of Tradi onal Chinese Medicine: 2007 ZA 011
文摘Objective To explore better therapies for the treatment of frozen shoulder. Methods One hundred and seventy-four cases were divided into a filiform needle group （56 cases）, an electroacupuncture group （57 cases） and a warming needle group （61 cases） according to the randomized, controlled and single-blind study principles. Jiānqián （肩前 Extra）, Jiānyú （肩髃 LI 15）, Jiānliáo （肩髎 TE 14）, Nàoshū （臑俞 SI 10）, Wàiguān （外关 TE 5）, Hégǔ （合谷 LI 4） were used in all three groups but treated with filiform needle, electroacupuncture and warming needle technique respectively. The needles were retained for 30 min. It was given once every other day and 5 times constituted as one course. Pain indices and activity degree of shoulders were measured and recorded before and after treatment every time. Results The total effective rate was 93.0% （53/57） in the electroacupuncture group and 95.1% （58/61） in the warming needle group, both superior to that of 78.6% （44/56） in the filiform needle group （both P〈0.01）, but there was no significant difference between electroacupuncture group and warming needle group （P〉0.05）. After one course of treatment, the decline indices of shoulder pain of electroacupuncture group （4.28±0.22） and warming needle group （3.74±0.17） were both significantly greater than that of filiform needle group （2.78±0.18）（both P〈0.01）. And the decline indices of electroacupuncture group was also greater than that of warming needle group （P〈0.05）. The improvements of shoulder activity degree of warming needle group （76.92±5.53） and electroacupuncture group （60.37±3.80） were both greater than that of filiform needle group （42.50±3.67） （both P〈0.01）. And shoulder activity degree of warming needle group was also greater than that of electroacupuncture group （P〈0.01）. After one course of treatment, improvement of shoulder activity degree and decline indices of shoulder pain in these three groups were better than that after the first time treatment （all P〈0.01）. Conclusion All these three acupuncture therapies can achieve good therapeutic effects for frozen shoulder. The therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and warming needle groups are superior to that of filiform needle group. All these three therapies could significantly reduce patients’ pain and improve their shoulder activity degree. The analgesic effect of electroacupuncture is the best, and the shoulder activity degree improved by warming needle is the best. The improvement of clinical therapeutic effect mainly depends on the therapy and the treatment times when the same acupoints are selected and the condition of illness are similar.
基金Doctoral Scientific Research Start-up Funding Project of Fujian Health College:2016-1-1。
文摘Objective:To objectively evaluate the clinical effect of resisting method of acupuncture at movementpainful points on treating the refractory cases of frozen shoulder during adhesion period,and to compare with that of the conventional acupuncture method.Methods:According to the random grouping principle,90 patients with frozen shoulder during adhesion period were divided into"resisting method acupuncture group,general acupuncture group,and physiotherapy group",30 patients in each.In the resisting method acupuncture group,the resisting method of needling was applied at the"movement-painful points",and during acupuncture the patient was asked to do shoulder movements.In the general acupuncture group,the conventional needling method of acupuncture was applied at the conventional three shoulder-acupoints.In the physiotherapy group,the patients were treated with shock wave at the affected shoulder.All groups were treated once a day,5 times a week,a total of 2 weeks as a course of treatment.After one course of treatment,the clinical effect of the three groups was evaluated.The shoulder pain and shoulder function scale(Constant-Murley),Rating Scale of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons(ASES),and infrared thermal imaging temperature change score were observed.Results:After treatment,the shoulder pain was relieved and movement improved in all three groups,whilst the cured and remarkably effective rate of the resisting method acupuncture group was 96.7%(29/30),better than those of the general acupuncture group 86.2%(25/29)and the physiotherapy group 73.3%(22/30),with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05);the VAS score of the resisting method acupuncture group was significantly lower than those of the other two groups(P<0.05),the ConstantMurley score and the ASES score were significantly lower than those of the other two groups(all P<0.05),and the infrared thermal imaging temperature change score was significantly improved in comparing with those of the other two groups,with a statistically significant difference(both P<0.05).Conclusion:The resisting method of needling has an obvious analgesic effect and is able to restore the joint movement function in the treatment of refractory frozen shoulder during adhesion period.
基金Independent Selected Project of Basic Business Expenses of Central Public Welfare Research Institution,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(ZZ120503)。
文摘Objective:To explore the manipulation techniques of acupotomy in treatment of coracoid pain of frozen shoulder.Methods:A total of 60 patients with coracoid pain of frozen shoulder were collected.The randomized double-blind controlled method was adopted.Using random number table,the patients were divided into two groups,named a treatment group and a control group,30 cases in each one.In the treatment group,the pricking technique of acupotomy was adopted.In the control group,the traditional dissection technique of acupotomy was used.The duration of treatment was 5 weeks.Acupotomy was given once a week.At the end of treatment,pain index(visual analogy scale,VAS)and the therapeutic effect index were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect.Results:Before treatment,the average VAS score was 8.31±0.84 in the treatment group and it was 8.14±0.24 in the control group.After treatment,the average VAS score was 0.01±0.89 in the treatment group and it was 0.10±1.01 in the control group.The difference was significant before and after treatment in the patients of the two group(both P<0.05).The difference before and after treatment was not significant between the two groups.The effective rate was 100%and the remarkably effective rate was100%in either the treatment group or the control group.Conclusion:The pricking technique of acupotomy achieves the same therapeutic effect on coracoid pain of frozen shoulder as compared with the dissection technique,which suggests that the dissection technique is not the indispensable manipulation in the treatment of the disease.The pricking technique of acupotomy brings a smaller wound,less medical damage in,less suffering in patients and quicker recovery of wound,as well as quicker remission of pain after acupotomy.Such modified method of acupotomy is more significant in practice.However,a further research is suggested for the pathological mechanism of frozen shoulder.
文摘Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of filiform fire-needling plus continuous passive motion(CPM)therapy for frozen shoulder.Methods:A total of 72 patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method,with 36 cases in each group.Patients in the control group received celecoxib capsule plus CPM,while those in the observation group received filiform fire-needling plus CPM.The whole course of treatment lasted for 2 weeks in both groups.The visual analog scale(VAS),Constant-Murley score(CMS)and range of motion of shoulder joint were measured for therapeutic efficacy evaluation.Results:The total effective rate was 91.7%in the observation group,higher than 72.2%in the control group,and the between-group comparison showed statistical significance(P<0.05).After treatment,the VAS scores in the two groups dropped significantly,the CMS as well as the range of motion including abduction,forward flexion and extension were all increased significantly,and the intra-group comparisons showed statistical significance(all P<0.05).The betweengroup comparisons showed the improvements in these items in the observation group were more significant than those in the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Filiform fire-needling plus CPM can produce more significant efficacy than celecoxib capsule plus CPM for frozen shoulder;it can alleviate pain,improve shoulder function and restore joint range of motion in such patients.
文摘Objective： To observe the clinical effects of frozen shoulder treated by penetrating needling and manipulation Methods： 336 cases of frozen shoulder were randomly divided into treatment group, treated with needling Jianyu （LI 15） toward Jianqian （Ex） and Manipulation, and control group, treated with needling Jianyu （LI 15） toward Jianqian （Ex）. The scores of shoulder movement and the changes of infrared image were observed before and after treatment. Results： The therapeutic effects were better in the treatment group than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Penetrating needling combining with manipulation is effective in treating frozen shoulder.
基金The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee(IESC/T-300/02.08.2013).
文摘BACKGROUND Manipulation under anesthesia(MUA)of the shoulder joint is a commonly used method for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis.Though it has been known to be associated with a variety of complications,there is a paucity of studies describing the arthroscopic findings after MUA.AIM To describe the arthroscopic findings in patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder after MUA.METHODS We recruited 28 patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis who underwent arthroscopic capsular release.Manipulation of the shoulder was performed under anesthesia in all of these patients before capsular release.Intra-articular findings were recorded during arthroscopic capsular release in these patients.RESULTS All patients showed the presence of synovitis.Twenty-seven patients showed tears in the capsule on the anterior aspect.One patient had an avulsion of the anterior rim of the glenoid and labrum following the manipulation.Four patients had partial rotator cuff tears,and one patient showed a superior labrum anterior posterior lesion,which was not diagnosed preoperatively on magnetic resonance imaging.CONCLUSION MUA leads to rupture of the capsule,which is the desired outcome.However,the site of rupture of the capsule is dependent on the maneuvers of MUA.In addition,partial tears of the rotator cuff and osteochondral fractures of the glenoid can also occur.
