●AIM:To investigate a pioneering framework for the segmentation of meibomian glands(MGs),using limited annotations to reduce the workload on ophthalmologists and enhance the efficiency of clinical diagnosis.●METHODS...●AIM:To investigate a pioneering framework for the segmentation of meibomian glands(MGs),using limited annotations to reduce the workload on ophthalmologists and enhance the efficiency of clinical diagnosis.●METHODS:Totally 203 infrared meibomian images from 138 patients with dry eye disease,accompanied by corresponding annotations,were gathered for the study.A rectified scribble-supervised gland segmentation(RSSGS)model,incorporating temporal ensemble prediction,uncertainty estimation,and a transformation equivariance constraint,was introduced to address constraints imposed by limited supervision information inherent in scribble annotations.The viability and efficacy of the proposed model were assessed based on accuracy,intersection over union(IoU),and dice coefficient.●RESULTS:Using manual labels as the gold standard,RSSGS demonstrated outcomes with an accuracy of 93.54%,a dice coefficient of 78.02%,and an IoU of 64.18%.Notably,these performance metrics exceed the current weakly supervised state-of-the-art methods by 0.76%,2.06%,and 2.69%,respectively.Furthermore,despite achieving a substantial 80%reduction in annotation costs,it only lags behind fully annotated methods by 0.72%,1.51%,and 2.04%.●CONCLUSION:An innovative automatic segmentation model is developed for MGs in infrared eyelid images,using scribble annotation for training.This model maintains an exceptionally high level of segmentation accuracy while substantially reducing training costs.It holds substantial utility for calculating clinical parameters,thereby greatly enhancing the diagnostic efficiency of ophthalmologists in evaluating meibomian gland dysfunction.展开更多
Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands we...Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands were earned out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope.To prepare the extract,the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone.For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.Results:Detailed micromorphological,phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C.parasitica(L.) H.Lev.showed its inlraspecific variation in antibacterial activity.The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species.The epidermal glands were orange-coloured,stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2μm×45μm,and distributed on the undersurface of cosla,coslules and veins in croziers,young and mature leaves.Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers.The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog.Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids,alkaloids,tannins,saponins and flavonoids in it.Conclusions:The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica(L.) H.Lev.have several bioactive compounds and such rare moiphovariant should be conserved in nature.The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.展开更多
AIM: To observe the changes of microcellular structure of meibomian glands(MGs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM), and to explore its correlation with the duration of diabetes.METHODS: The study assessed 132 eyes of 132...AIM: To observe the changes of microcellular structure of meibomian glands(MGs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM), and to explore its correlation with the duration of diabetes.METHODS: The study assessed 132 eyes of 132 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM group) and 100 eyes of 100 non-diabetic participants(NDM group). All patients underwent the examination of the Keratograph 5 M system to obtain the meibography which were used to evaluate the structure dropout of the MGs. And then laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM) was performed for observing the acinar cells and ducts of the MGs to obtain the following parameters: the MG acinar unit density(MGAUD), MG acinar longest diameter(MGALD) and MG acinar shortest diameter(MGASD). The examination results of the right eye were selected for analysis.RESULTS: Compared with that in NDM group, the meiboscore was significantly higher(Z=-4.057, P<0.001), and there were more MGs dropout in DM group. With the prolongation of the course of diabetes, the absence of MGs aggravated and the MGs dropout score increased(r=0.596;P<0.001). LSCM showed that there were various cytological alterations in acinar cells of MGs with the progress of diabetes duration, such as expansion, atrophy or fibrosis of MG acinar units, decreased density of MG acinar units, deposition of lipid substances, infiltration of inflammatory cells, proliferation of fibrous tissues, etc. And the opening of the glandular duct changed from smooth at the beginning to narrow, blocked, fibrotic and so on. Compared with that in NDM group, the MGAUD in DM group was significantly lower(Z=-9.713;P<0.001), the MGALD and MGASD were significantly larger(Z=-9.751,-6.416;P<0.001). With the duration of diabetes, the MGAUD reduced, the MGASD increased(r=0.860, 0.364, P<0.001);but the MGALD had no correlation with diabetic duration(r=0.133, P=0.151).CONCLUSION: With the progress of diabetes, the meibomian glandular acinar cells of diabetic patients show various manifestations. Those changes may result in the dysfuction of the MGs, tear film instability and dry eye symptoms in patients with type 2 DM.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland induced by subacute chlopyrifos（CPF） exposure in rats.Methods:Forty adult male Wistar rats divided in...Objective:To evaluate the alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland induced by subacute chlopyrifos（CPF） exposure in rats.Methods:Forty adult male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 10 animals were used for the study.Croup I received soya oil（2 mL/kg） while group II was administered with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg）.Group III was administered CPF only(8.5 mg/kg <sup> </sup>l/10th of the LD<sub>50</sub>) while group Ⅳ was pretreated with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg） and then exposed to CPF（8.5 mg/kg）,10 min later.The regimens were administered by gavage once daily for a period of 28 d.At the end of the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed and the testicular tissues and pituitary glands were evaluated for the malonaldehyde（MDA） concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT）.Results:CPF increased MDA concentrations and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT in the testes and pituitary gland.Melatonin pretreatment reduced the testicular and pituitary MDA concentrations and improves the SOD and CAT activities.Conclusions:the study showed that subacute CPF-induced oxidative stress in the testes and pituitary glands were alleviated by melatonin due to its antioxidant property.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the roles of peribiliary glands around the bile ducts in the pathophysiology of the biliary tract.METHODS:The expression of fetal pancreatic markers,pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1(PDX1)and ha...AIM:To investigate the roles of peribiliary glands around the bile ducts in the pathophysiology of the biliary tract.METHODS:The expression of fetal pancreatic markers,pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1(PDX1)and hairy and enhancer of split 1(HES1)and endodermal stem/progenitor(S/P)cell markers[CD44s,chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4),SOX9 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule(EpCAM)]were examined immunohistochemically in 32 normal adult livers(autopsy livers)and 22 hepatolithiatic livers(surgically resected livers).The latter was characterized by the proliferation of the peribiliary glands.Immunohistochemistry was performed using formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded tissue sections after deparaffinization.Although PDX1and HES1 were expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells,only nuclear staining was evaluated.SOX9 was expressed in the nucleus,while CD44s,CXCR4 and EpCAM were expressed in the cell membranes.The frequency and extent of the expression of these molecules in the lining epithelia and peribiliary glands were evaluated semi-quantitatively based on the percentage of positive cells:0,1+(focal),2+(moderate)and 3+(extensive).RESULTS:In normal livers,PDX1 was infrequently expressed in the lining epithelia,but was frequently expressed in the peribiliary glands.In contrast,HES1was frequently expressed in the lining epithelia,but its expression in the peribiliary glands was focal,suggesting that the peribiliary glands retain the potential of differentiation toward the pancreas and the lining epithelia exhibit properties to inhibit such differentiation.This unique combination was also seen in hepatolithiatic livers.The expression of endodermal S/P cell markers varied in the peribiliary glands in normal livers:SOX9 and EpCAM were frequently expressed,CD44s infrequently,and CXCR4 almost not at all.The expression of these markers,particularly CD44s and CXCR4,increased in the peribiliary glands and lining epithelia in hepatolithiatic livers.This increased expression of endodermal S/P cell markers may be related to the increased production of intestinal and gastric mucin and also to the biliary neoplasia associated with the gastric and intestinal phenotypes reported in hepatolithiasis.CONCLUSION:The unique expression pattern of PDX1and HES1 and increased expression of endodermal S/P cell markers in the peribiliary glands may be involved in biliary pathophysiologies.展开更多
Hyperplasia of mammary glands is a common disease in the middle-aged women, and it is a precancerous lesion of mammary glands. For many years, the author has used Rugen (ST 18) of the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yang... Hyperplasia of mammary glands is a common disease in the middle-aged women, and it is a precancerous lesion of mammary glands. For many years, the author has used Rugen (ST 18) of the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming as the main point withcertain auxiliary points chosen on basis of the differentiation types to treat the disease and obtained satisfactory therapeutic effects. A report follows.
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Purpose: Investigation of the influence of radiation dose to salivary glands on xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancers. Methods: From October 2002 to December 2011, 548 patients with head and neck carcinoma...Purpose: Investigation of the influence of radiation dose to salivary glands on xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancers. Methods: From October 2002 to December 2011, 548 patients with head and neck carcinomas were treated in our department using intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). 325 patients were eligible for analysis more than 1 year after irradiation. Xerostomia was evaluated according to the criteria of Radiation Therapy and Oncology Group (RTOG) and xerostomia related questionnaire. For statistical analysis grade 1 and 2 were recorded as mild and grade 3 and 4 as severe xerostomia. The dosimetric values for absolute mean dose, biological equivalent mean dose (EQD2), the relative organ volume not exceeding 20 Gy, 25 Gy and 30 Gy (V20, V25, V30) for all 4 major salivary glands or for both parotid glands only were used for analysis. V20 revealed the best discrimination between both patient groups (with vs. without xerostomia), compared to parameters V25 and V30. Therefore the volume of the salivary glands receiving less than 20 Gy (V 20Gy) was analyzed additionally. Mann-Whitney-U-test, Kruskal-Wallis-test and logistic regression were used in statistical analysis. Results: A TD 50 can be determined for the occurrence of xerostomia more than one year after radiotherapy for both parotid glands of 19.3 Gy for the mean dose absolute, 11.2 Gy for the mean dose EQD2, 38.2% for V20, 26.8% for V25, 18.7% for V30, 34.9 ml for V 20Gy. For all major salivary glands theses values were 25.7 Gy for the mean dose absolute, 15.6 Gy for the mean dose EQD2, 51.3% for V20, 41.1% for V25, 33.9% for V30 and 34.8 ml for V 20Gy. Conclusions: The identification of a tolerance dose for the salivary glands for treatment planning appears to be difficult, as the dose-response correlation only shows a flat slope. Additionally, a large interindividual variability seems to exist. We could not found any threshold dose for development of xerostomia.展开更多
A culture technique had been developed by which the normal mor-phological integrity of the porcine thyroid tissue was well preserved. Few ultra-strvctural changes following TSE stimulation could be detected compared w...A culture technique had been developed by which the normal mor-phological integrity of the porcine thyroid tissue was well preserved. Few ultra-strvctural changes following TSE stimulation could be detected compared withthe control group. Parafollicular cells were detected after being cultured for 96h in the presence of TSH. For the first time, we used scanning electron micro-scope to study the ultrastructural changes of organ cultured thyroid gland.展开更多
In the present paper,30 cases of hyperplasia of mammary glands were treated withelectroacupuncture in different times following menstruation,showing satisfactory results.The totaleffective rate was up to 96.67％.In ad...In the present paper,30 cases of hyperplasia of mammary glands were treated withelectroacupuncture in different times following menstruation,showing satisfactory results.The totaleffective rate was up to 96.67％.In addition,the symptom of mastalgla abated abviously after treat-ment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC)is a rare malignancy of the head and neck;however,it accounts for a majority of the tumors of the salivary glands.This study used a national population-based registry to describ...BACKGROUND Mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC)is a rare malignancy of the head and neck;however,it accounts for a majority of the tumors of the salivary glands.This study used a national population-based registry to describe the pre-treatment and treatment-related prognostic factors that influence survival in patients with MEC of the major salivary glands.To our knowledge,this is the largest populationbased study examining predictors of both overall and cause-specific survival of MEC of the major salivary glands.AIM To identify prognostic factors influencing overall survival(OS)and cause-specific survival(CSS)of patients with MEC of the major salivary glands.METHODS We used the Surveillance,Epidemiology and End-Results Database of the National Cancer Institute to investigate a variety of factors that could influence survival of patients diagnosed with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the major salivary glands.A total of 2210 patients diagnosed with MEC of the major salivary glands during the years of 1975-2016 were studied.The primary endpoints were OS and CSS.Cox regression analysis was used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical variables such as age at diagnosis,diagnosis year,sex,race,tumor size,stage,grade,treatment with or without surgical excision,and adjuvant radiotherapy treatment.RESULTS A total of 2210 patients diagnosed with MEC of the major salivary glands met inclusion criteria.In this study,95%of patients underwent surgical excision and 41%received adjuvant radiation therapy.Median OS time for Grade I,II,and III/IV was 401 mo(±48.25,95%CI),340 mo(±33.68,95%CI)and 55 mo(±11.05,95%CI),respectively.Univariate analysis revealed that lack of surgical excision was associated with decreased OS[hazard ratio(HR)4.26,P<0.0001]and that patients with localized disease had improved OS compared to both regional and distant disease(HR 3.07 and 6.96,respectively,P<0.0001).Additionally,univariate analysis demonstrated that male sex,age over 50 at diagnosis,Grade III tumors,and increasing tumor size were associated with worsened OS(P<0.0006).Univariate analysis of CSS similarly revealed that lack of surgical excision and Grade III carcinoma conferred decreased CSS(HR 4.37 and 5.44,respectively,P<0.0001).Multivariate analysis confirmed that increasing age,in 10-year age bands,advanced tumor stage,increasing tumor size,Grade III carcinoma,male sex,and lack of surgical excision were associated with a statistically significant decrease in OS and CSS(P<0.04).Of note,multivariate analysis revealed that the use of adjuvant radiation therapy was not associated with improved OS or CSS.CONCLUSION Multivariate analysis demonstrated increasing age,advanced tumor stage,increasing tumor size,Grade III carcinoma,male sex,and lack of surgical excision were associated with decreased OS and CSS(P<0.04).展开更多
A case report presents a progression of autoimmune thyroiditis with an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid glands and increased thyreotropin hormone concentration-associated with interferon treatment in human papillom...A case report presents a progression of autoimmune thyroiditis with an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid glands and increased thyreotropin hormone concentration-associated with interferon treatment in human papillomavirus infected patient with the autoimmune thyroiditis and a daily L-thyroxin hormone replacement therapy background. Observation was supplemented with a brief review of literature and discussion. On the basis of this observation and a brief review of literature authors suggested that the potential adverse effects of interferon therapy are overbalanced than its benefits for gynecological patients, therefore any interferon treatment should be recommended with strict indications as well as after screening of conditions and functions of thyroid glands and other interferon target organs to avoid interferon treatment side effects. Practitioners especially gynecologists should inform their patients about pleiotropic interferon effects and its high frequent and wide range side effects before to start such kind of treatment.展开更多
The aim of this study was to contribute to strengthening the efficiency in the treatment of the salivary gland tumours in the Stomatology and Maxillo-facial surgery service at the University Hospital Centre/Yalgado OU...The aim of this study was to contribute to strengthening the efficiency in the treatment of the salivary gland tumours in the Stomatology and Maxillo-facial surgery service at the University Hospital Centre/Yalgado OUEDRAOGO of Ouagadougou. It has been a retrospective and descriptive study covering seven (7) years [January 2006-December 2012] on epidemiology and the treatment of 54 cases of the salivary glands tumours histologically confirmed. Benign tumours (non-malignant tumours were prevalent (61.11% of cases). The annual incidences were 4.71 cases for non malignant tumours and 3 cases for malignant tumours. The average age was 34-45 years for non malignant tumours and 44-33 years for malignant ones. In both groups, the tumour was discovered lately with an average 32-48 months before consulting in case of non malignant tumours and 18-29 months for malignant tumours. The location of non malignant tumours was very often the parotid (42.42%), under mandible gland (27.28%). Malignant tumours very often concerned the parotid (76.18%) and the under mandible gland (14.29%). The histology has revealed that pleomorphic adenoma was the leading type of non-malignant tumours (93.94% of cases) whereas carcinoma was predominant in malignant tumours (80.95% of cases). Long term track keeping was difficult and it has been complicated by the loss of contact with some patients. The low living standard, the time wasted before consulting, limited human resources and therapeutic means constitute handicaps to the treatment in our African context.展开更多
Tumours of minor salivary glands are rare. We report the case of a 58-year-old HIV positive woman with a palatal adenocarcinoma evolving for 15 years, followed by a literature review. The case enlightens on the delete...Tumours of minor salivary glands are rare. We report the case of a 58-year-old HIV positive woman with a palatal adenocarcinoma evolving for 15 years, followed by a literature review. The case enlightens on the deleterious effect of delayed specialist consultation, which in our context is multifactorial in origin.展开更多
A long-term blood feeder, like the <i><span>Hyalomma</span></i><span> </span><i><span>dromedarii</span></i><span> tick, requires extended con...A long-term blood feeder, like the <i><span>Hyalomma</span></i><span> </span><i><span>dromedarii</span></i><span> tick, requires extended control over all hemostatic defense mechanisms generated by the host during feeding, including blood coagulation. To overcome this, ticks have evolved numerous molecules that target proteases in the blood coagulation cascade. New insights into the role of clotting factors in the development and progression of cancer have identified anticoagulant treatment as a potential therapeutic approach. In this context, the present work assessed the anticoagulation activities of crude and fractionated salivary gland extract (SGE) prepared from semi-fed </span><i><span>H</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>dromedarii</span></i><span> females. Additionally, the antitumor effects of the potent anti-thrombin fractions were determined against colon cancer (Caco-2) and normal skin (HFB4) cells. Crude SGE significantly prolonged clotting time in prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin time (TT) assays and inhibited thrombin in FII-activity assay. Using anion-exchange chromatography, the fractions that strongly inhibited thrombin (3.A4 and 3.A5) were eluted. Both fractions prolonged the aPTT and TT clotting times and reduced the activity of FII significantly. The protein profiles of both fractions indicated the presence of a single polypeptide band of about 99 kDa. Regarding anti-cancer potential of the tested fractions, Caco-2 cells showed reduced viability with obvious morphological changes, induced apoptosis and a reduced level of vascular endothelial </span><span>growth factor (VEGF). G2/M cell cycle arrest was observed only in 3.A5-treated</span><span> cells. No cytotoxic effects were observed in HFB4 cells. These results demonstrated the potential of tick-derived anticoagulants, specifically thrombin inhibitors, as effective tools in colorectal cancer treatment. Further purification of the effector molecule(s) is required to fully characterize their structures and mechanisms of action.</span>展开更多
Background:The hyper-prolificacy Meishan gilts achieved a superior endometrial gland development(EGD)than white crossbred gilts during the ovary-independent period(before 60 d of age).Then,the EGD continues under the ...Background:The hyper-prolificacy Meishan gilts achieved a superior endometrial gland development(EGD)than white crossbred gilts during the ovary-independent period(before 60 d of age).Then,the EGD continues under the management of ovary-derived steroid hormones that regulated by gut microbiota(after 60 d of age).However,whether Meishan gilts’superiority in EGD lasting to the ovary-dependent period(after 60 d of age)and the role of gut microbiota in this period both remain unclear.Methods:Meishan gilts and Landrace x Yorkshire(LxY)gilts were raised under the same housing and feeding conditions until sexual maturity and then we compared their EGD and gut microbiota.Meanwhile,we transplanted fecal microbiota from Meishan gilts to L×Y gilts to explore the role of gut microbiota in EGD.We sampled plasma every 3 weeks and collected the uterus,ovary,liver,and rectal feces after the sacrifice.We then determined the hormone concentrations and expressions of the EGD-related genes.We also profiled the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolites of plasma and liver tissue using untargeted metabolomics.Finally,the correlation analysis and significant test was conducted between FMT-shifted gut microbes and EGD-related indices.Results:Meishan gilts have larger endometrial gland area(P<0.001),longer uterine horn length(P<0.01)but lighter uterine horn weight(P<0.05),a distinctive gut microbiota compared with L×Y gilts.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)increased endometrial gland area(P<0.01).FMT markedly shifted the metabolite profiles of both liver and plasma,and these differential metabolites enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway.FMT increased estradiol and insulin-like growth factor 1 but decreased progesterone dynamically.FMT also increased the expression of the EGD-related genes estrogen receptor 1 gene,epithelial cadherin,and forkhead box protein A2.There is a significant correlation between FMT-shifted gut microbes and EGD-related indices.Conclusion:Sexually matured Meishan gilts achieved a superior EGD than LxY gilts.Meanwhile,gut microbiota contribute to the EGD potentially via regulating of steroid hormones during the ovary-dependent period.展开更多
Background:The local supply of energy-yielding nutrients such as glucose seems to affect the synthesis of milk components in the mammary gland(MG).Thus,our study was conducted to investigate the effects of locally ava...Background:The local supply of energy-yielding nutrients such as glucose seems to affect the synthesis of milk components in the mammary gland(MG).Thus,our study was conducted to investigate the effects of locally available MG glucose supply(LMGS)on amino acid(AA)sensing and utilization in the MG of lactating dairy goats.Six dosages of glucose(0,20,40,60,80,and 100 g/d)were infused into the MG through the external pudendal artery to investigate the dose-dependent changes in mammary AA uptake and utilization(Exp.1)and the changes in mRNA and protein expression of the AMPK-mTOR pathway(Expt.2).Results:In Exp.1,total milk AA concentration was highest when goats were infused with 60 g/d glucose,but lower when goats were infused with 0 and 100 g/d glucose.Increasing LMGS quadratically changed the percentages ofαS2-casein andα-lactalbumin in milk protein,which increased with infusions from 0 to 60 g/d glucose and then decreased with infusions between 60 and 100 g/d glucose.The LMGS changed the AA availability and intramammary gland AA utilization,as reflected by the mammary AA flux indexes.In Exp.2,the mRNA expression of LALBA in the MG increased quadratically with increasing LMGS,with the highest expression at dose of 60 g/d glucose.A high glucose dosage(100 g/d)activated the general control nonderepressible 2 kinase,an intracellular sensor of AA status,resulting in a reduced total milk AA concentration.Conclusions:Our new findings suggest that the lactating MG in dairy goats may be affected by LMGS through regulation of the AA sensory pathway,AA utilization and protein synthesis,all being driven by the AMPK-mTOR pathway.展开更多
We report a case of a 75-year-old man with cystic micropapillary neoplasm of peribiliary glands detected preoperatively by radiologic examination. Enhanced computed tomography showed a low-density mass 2.2 cm in diame...We report a case of a 75-year-old man with cystic micropapillary neoplasm of peribiliary glands detected preoperatively by radiologic examination. Enhanced computed tomography showed a low-density mass 2.2 cm in diameter in the right hepatic hilum and a cystic lesion around the common hepatic duct. cholangiocarcinoma, right hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy and bile duct resection were performed. Pathological examination revealed perihilar cholangiocarcinoma mainly involving the right hepatic duct. The cystic lesion was multilocular and covered by columnar lining epithelia exhibiting increased proliferative activity and p53 nuclear expression; it also contained foci of micropapillary and glandular proliferation. Therefore, the lesion was diagnosed as a cystic micropapillary neoplasm of peribiliary glands and resembled flat branch-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Histological examination showed the lesion was discontinuous with the perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed the cystic neoplasm was strongly positive for MUC6 and that the cholangiocarcinoma was strongly positive for MUC5 AC and S100 P. These results suggest these two lesions have different origins. This case warrants further study on whether this type of neoplasm is associated with concomitant cholangiocarcinoma as observed in pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with concomitant pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma.展开更多
An unusual histologic type and low-grade malignancy of salivary gland (SG) carcinomas, namely solid carcinoma (SC), is reported. Histopathologic characteristics of 12 cases of the SC include (1) large solid nest struc...An unusual histologic type and low-grade malignancy of salivary gland (SG) carcinomas, namely solid carcinoma (SC), is reported. Histopathologic characteristics of 12 cases of the SC include (1) large solid nest structure, (2) isomorphic and blandness of the epithelial cells in cytoloogy, (3) squamous metaplasia and keratinization in different degrees. (4) infiltrative growth pattern. Immunohistochemical stainings reveal that the cells of the SCs are reacted positive with anti-cytokeratins 12 and 27, anti-S-100P, anti-EMA antibodies in different degrees, and negative with anti-desmin, anti-GFAP, anti-lysozyme antibodies. The positive reactions with anti-CEA, anti-actin, and anti-myoglobin are detected in a few individuals. Follow-up data show the recurrence rate and mortality of the SC are 73% and 18% respectively. The histogenesis of SC and differential diagnosis are also discussed in the paper.展开更多
Objective:To monitor the pathological alterations in pancreas of rat during experimental fluorosis. Methods:Sixty Sprague Dawley albino rats of both sexes were divided into 12 experimental groups and one control group...Objective:To monitor the pathological alterations in pancreas of rat during experimental fluorosis. Methods:Sixty Sprague Dawley albino rats of both sexes were divided into 12 experimental groups and one control group.The rats of control group were administered subcutaneously double distilled water 1 mL/kg bw daily.The experimental groups were injected with 30,45,and 75 mg NaF/kg bw/day.The experimental period was divided into 4 phases at interval of 15,22,30,and 36 days.Animals were sacrificed from each group at the end of 16,23,31,and 37 days.Results: The following changes were observed in this study:(1) Pathological examination of pancreas after 15 days of fluoride treatment revealed:hypertrophy of acini,leucocytes infilteration and pycnouc nuclei due to necrosis of acini in group 1;uremic alterations,invulsion and infoldings of reticular layer of islets of Langerhans in group 2;and a decrease in number of acini and interlobular connective tissues resulted in an increase in intercellular spaces in pancreas of rats in group 3.(2)Hyalinization and hypertrophy in the lobules of acini and hyperplasia and hypertrophy in intercalated duct with mucinous secretion in pancreas of rat of group 4;squamous metaplasia of pancreatic duct,adenoma of pancreas,hemorrhagic necrosis in group 5;and hyperplasia of acini and reduction in number of pancreatic islets in group 6.(3) Disorganization and atrophy of pancreatic lobules and presence of vacuoles in a group of six were visible in pancreas of rats in group 7;acute pancreatic and lamellated inflammatory cells in test rats of group 8;and islet adenoma and decrease in number of islets cells,and exudation in acini were noticed in experimental rats of group 9.(4) In the last phase of experimentation,atrophic alterations in pancreatic acini,invulsions,and necrosis was prominent in group 10,deep inflammation and proliferation of connective tissue of pancreas in experimental group 11,and periodical fibrosis, hyperplasia of acini,degenerative changes in pancreas of rats in group 12.Conclusion:The histopathological examination of pancreas of fluoridated rats exhibited structural alterations in the exocrine glands.The acini revealed hypertrophy,pyknotic nucleus,necrosis and uremic alterations.Acini became lobulated and reveal increased pigmentation.展开更多
Using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy,we studied the structure of the integument and wax glands of the mealybug,Phenacoccus fraxinus Tang(Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae).We observed the ultrast...Using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy,we studied the structure of the integument and wax glands of the mealybug,Phenacoccus fraxinus Tang(Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae).We observed the ultrastructure of four wax pores including trilocular,quinquelocular,and multilocular pores as well as tubular ducts,recording characteristics of their structure,size and distribution.We found that that the integument of the mealybug consists of three main layers-the procuticle,epidermis and basement membrane-and four sub-layers of the procuticle-the epicuticle,exocuticle,endocuticle and formation zone.The wax-secreting gland cells were closely arranged in epidermis.All of them were complex and composed of one central cell and two or more lateral cells.These complex cells possess a large common reservoir for collection and storage.Synthesized by the glandular cells,the wax is excreted outside integument through canals.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2020J011084)Fujian Province Technology and Economy Integration Service Platform(No.2023XRH001)Fuzhou-Xiamen-Quanzhou National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Collaborative Innovation Platform(No.2022FX5)。
文摘●AIM:To investigate a pioneering framework for the segmentation of meibomian glands(MGs),using limited annotations to reduce the workload on ophthalmologists and enhance the efficiency of clinical diagnosis.●METHODS:Totally 203 infrared meibomian images from 138 patients with dry eye disease,accompanied by corresponding annotations,were gathered for the study.A rectified scribble-supervised gland segmentation(RSSGS)model,incorporating temporal ensemble prediction,uncertainty estimation,and a transformation equivariance constraint,was introduced to address constraints imposed by limited supervision information inherent in scribble annotations.The viability and efficacy of the proposed model were assessed based on accuracy,intersection over union(IoU),and dice coefficient.●RESULTS:Using manual labels as the gold standard,RSSGS demonstrated outcomes with an accuracy of 93.54%,a dice coefficient of 78.02%,and an IoU of 64.18%.Notably,these performance metrics exceed the current weakly supervised state-of-the-art methods by 0.76%,2.06%,and 2.69%,respectively.Furthermore,despite achieving a substantial 80%reduction in annotation costs,it only lags behind fully annotated methods by 0.72%,1.51%,and 2.04%.●CONCLUSION:An innovative automatic segmentation model is developed for MGs in infrared eyelid images,using scribble annotation for training.This model maintains an exceptionally high level of segmentation accuracy while substantially reducing training costs.It holds substantial utility for calculating clinical parameters,thereby greatly enhancing the diagnostic efficiency of ophthalmologists in evaluating meibomian gland dysfunction.
文摘Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands were earned out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope.To prepare the extract,the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone.For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.Results:Detailed micromorphological,phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C.parasitica(L.) H.Lev.showed its inlraspecific variation in antibacterial activity.The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species.The epidermal glands were orange-coloured,stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2μm×45μm,and distributed on the undersurface of cosla,coslules and veins in croziers,young and mature leaves.Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers.The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog.Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids,alkaloids,tannins,saponins and flavonoids in it.Conclusions:The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica(L.) H.Lev.have several bioactive compounds and such rare moiphovariant should be conserved in nature.The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.
文摘AIM: To observe the changes of microcellular structure of meibomian glands(MGs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM), and to explore its correlation with the duration of diabetes.METHODS: The study assessed 132 eyes of 132 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM group) and 100 eyes of 100 non-diabetic participants(NDM group). All patients underwent the examination of the Keratograph 5 M system to obtain the meibography which were used to evaluate the structure dropout of the MGs. And then laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM) was performed for observing the acinar cells and ducts of the MGs to obtain the following parameters: the MG acinar unit density(MGAUD), MG acinar longest diameter(MGALD) and MG acinar shortest diameter(MGASD). The examination results of the right eye were selected for analysis.RESULTS: Compared with that in NDM group, the meiboscore was significantly higher(Z=-4.057, P<0.001), and there were more MGs dropout in DM group. With the prolongation of the course of diabetes, the absence of MGs aggravated and the MGs dropout score increased(r=0.596;P<0.001). LSCM showed that there were various cytological alterations in acinar cells of MGs with the progress of diabetes duration, such as expansion, atrophy or fibrosis of MG acinar units, decreased density of MG acinar units, deposition of lipid substances, infiltration of inflammatory cells, proliferation of fibrous tissues, etc. And the opening of the glandular duct changed from smooth at the beginning to narrow, blocked, fibrotic and so on. Compared with that in NDM group, the MGAUD in DM group was significantly lower(Z=-9.713;P<0.001), the MGALD and MGASD were significantly larger(Z=-9.751,-6.416;P<0.001). With the duration of diabetes, the MGAUD reduced, the MGASD increased(r=0.860, 0.364, P<0.001);but the MGALD had no correlation with diabetic duration(r=0.133, P=0.151).CONCLUSION: With the progress of diabetes, the meibomian glandular acinar cells of diabetic patients show various manifestations. Those changes may result in the dysfuction of the MGs, tear film instability and dry eye symptoms in patients with type 2 DM.
基金Partly supported by Ahmadu Bello University Board of Research(Grant No.ABU/UBR/125/09)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland induced by subacute chlopyrifos（CPF） exposure in rats.Methods:Forty adult male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 10 animals were used for the study.Croup I received soya oil（2 mL/kg） while group II was administered with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg）.Group III was administered CPF only(8.5 mg/kg <sup> </sup>l/10th of the LD<sub>50</sub>) while group Ⅳ was pretreated with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg） and then exposed to CPF（8.5 mg/kg）,10 min later.The regimens were administered by gavage once daily for a period of 28 d.At the end of the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed and the testicular tissues and pituitary glands were evaluated for the malonaldehyde（MDA） concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT）.Results:CPF increased MDA concentrations and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT in the testes and pituitary gland.Melatonin pretreatment reduced the testicular and pituitary MDA concentrations and improves the SOD and CAT activities.Conclusions:the study showed that subacute CPF-induced oxidative stress in the testes and pituitary glands were alleviated by melatonin due to its antioxidant property.
文摘AIM:To investigate the roles of peribiliary glands around the bile ducts in the pathophysiology of the biliary tract.METHODS:The expression of fetal pancreatic markers,pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1(PDX1)and hairy and enhancer of split 1(HES1)and endodermal stem/progenitor(S/P)cell markers[CD44s,chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4),SOX9 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule(EpCAM)]were examined immunohistochemically in 32 normal adult livers(autopsy livers)and 22 hepatolithiatic livers(surgically resected livers).The latter was characterized by the proliferation of the peribiliary glands.Immunohistochemistry was performed using formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded tissue sections after deparaffinization.Although PDX1and HES1 were expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells,only nuclear staining was evaluated.SOX9 was expressed in the nucleus,while CD44s,CXCR4 and EpCAM were expressed in the cell membranes.The frequency and extent of the expression of these molecules in the lining epithelia and peribiliary glands were evaluated semi-quantitatively based on the percentage of positive cells:0,1+(focal),2+(moderate)and 3+(extensive).RESULTS:In normal livers,PDX1 was infrequently expressed in the lining epithelia,but was frequently expressed in the peribiliary glands.In contrast,HES1was frequently expressed in the lining epithelia,but its expression in the peribiliary glands was focal,suggesting that the peribiliary glands retain the potential of differentiation toward the pancreas and the lining epithelia exhibit properties to inhibit such differentiation.This unique combination was also seen in hepatolithiatic livers.The expression of endodermal S/P cell markers varied in the peribiliary glands in normal livers:SOX9 and EpCAM were frequently expressed,CD44s infrequently,and CXCR4 almost not at all.The expression of these markers,particularly CD44s and CXCR4,increased in the peribiliary glands and lining epithelia in hepatolithiatic livers.This increased expression of endodermal S/P cell markers may be related to the increased production of intestinal and gastric mucin and also to the biliary neoplasia associated with the gastric and intestinal phenotypes reported in hepatolithiasis.CONCLUSION:The unique expression pattern of PDX1and HES1 and increased expression of endodermal S/P cell markers in the peribiliary glands may be involved in biliary pathophysiologies.
文摘 Hyperplasia of mammary glands is a common disease in the middle-aged women, and it is a precancerous lesion of mammary glands. For many years, the author has used Rugen (ST 18) of the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming as the main point withcertain auxiliary points chosen on basis of the differentiation types to treat the disease and obtained satisfactory therapeutic effects. A report follows.
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文摘Purpose: Investigation of the influence of radiation dose to salivary glands on xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancers. Methods: From October 2002 to December 2011, 548 patients with head and neck carcinomas were treated in our department using intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). 325 patients were eligible for analysis more than 1 year after irradiation. Xerostomia was evaluated according to the criteria of Radiation Therapy and Oncology Group (RTOG) and xerostomia related questionnaire. For statistical analysis grade 1 and 2 were recorded as mild and grade 3 and 4 as severe xerostomia. The dosimetric values for absolute mean dose, biological equivalent mean dose (EQD2), the relative organ volume not exceeding 20 Gy, 25 Gy and 30 Gy (V20, V25, V30) for all 4 major salivary glands or for both parotid glands only were used for analysis. V20 revealed the best discrimination between both patient groups (with vs. without xerostomia), compared to parameters V25 and V30. Therefore the volume of the salivary glands receiving less than 20 Gy (V 20Gy) was analyzed additionally. Mann-Whitney-U-test, Kruskal-Wallis-test and logistic regression were used in statistical analysis. Results: A TD 50 can be determined for the occurrence of xerostomia more than one year after radiotherapy for both parotid glands of 19.3 Gy for the mean dose absolute, 11.2 Gy for the mean dose EQD2, 38.2% for V20, 26.8% for V25, 18.7% for V30, 34.9 ml for V 20Gy. For all major salivary glands theses values were 25.7 Gy for the mean dose absolute, 15.6 Gy for the mean dose EQD2, 51.3% for V20, 41.1% for V25, 33.9% for V30 and 34.8 ml for V 20Gy. Conclusions: The identification of a tolerance dose for the salivary glands for treatment planning appears to be difficult, as the dose-response correlation only shows a flat slope. Additionally, a large interindividual variability seems to exist. We could not found any threshold dose for development of xerostomia.
文摘A culture technique had been developed by which the normal mor-phological integrity of the porcine thyroid tissue was well preserved. Few ultra-strvctural changes following TSE stimulation could be detected compared withthe control group. Parafollicular cells were detected after being cultured for 96h in the presence of TSH. For the first time, we used scanning electron micro-scope to study the ultrastructural changes of organ cultured thyroid gland.
文摘In the present paper,30 cases of hyperplasia of mammary glands were treated withelectroacupuncture in different times following menstruation,showing satisfactory results.The totaleffective rate was up to 96.67％.In addition,the symptom of mastalgla abated abviously after treat-ment.
基金Supported by Community Cancer Fund in Spokane,Washington,United States.
文摘BACKGROUND Mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC)is a rare malignancy of the head and neck;however,it accounts for a majority of the tumors of the salivary glands.This study used a national population-based registry to describe the pre-treatment and treatment-related prognostic factors that influence survival in patients with MEC of the major salivary glands.To our knowledge,this is the largest populationbased study examining predictors of both overall and cause-specific survival of MEC of the major salivary glands.AIM To identify prognostic factors influencing overall survival(OS)and cause-specific survival(CSS)of patients with MEC of the major salivary glands.METHODS We used the Surveillance,Epidemiology and End-Results Database of the National Cancer Institute to investigate a variety of factors that could influence survival of patients diagnosed with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the major salivary glands.A total of 2210 patients diagnosed with MEC of the major salivary glands during the years of 1975-2016 were studied.The primary endpoints were OS and CSS.Cox regression analysis was used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical variables such as age at diagnosis,diagnosis year,sex,race,tumor size,stage,grade,treatment with or without surgical excision,and adjuvant radiotherapy treatment.RESULTS A total of 2210 patients diagnosed with MEC of the major salivary glands met inclusion criteria.In this study,95%of patients underwent surgical excision and 41%received adjuvant radiation therapy.Median OS time for Grade I,II,and III/IV was 401 mo(±48.25,95%CI),340 mo(±33.68,95%CI)and 55 mo(±11.05,95%CI),respectively.Univariate analysis revealed that lack of surgical excision was associated with decreased OS[hazard ratio(HR)4.26,P<0.0001]and that patients with localized disease had improved OS compared to both regional and distant disease(HR 3.07 and 6.96,respectively,P<0.0001).Additionally,univariate analysis demonstrated that male sex,age over 50 at diagnosis,Grade III tumors,and increasing tumor size were associated with worsened OS(P<0.0006).Univariate analysis of CSS similarly revealed that lack of surgical excision and Grade III carcinoma conferred decreased CSS(HR 4.37 and 5.44,respectively,P<0.0001).Multivariate analysis confirmed that increasing age,in 10-year age bands,advanced tumor stage,increasing tumor size,Grade III carcinoma,male sex,and lack of surgical excision were associated with a statistically significant decrease in OS and CSS(P<0.04).Of note,multivariate analysis revealed that the use of adjuvant radiation therapy was not associated with improved OS or CSS.CONCLUSION Multivariate analysis demonstrated increasing age,advanced tumor stage,increasing tumor size,Grade III carcinoma,male sex,and lack of surgical excision were associated with decreased OS and CSS(P<0.04).
文摘A case report presents a progression of autoimmune thyroiditis with an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid glands and increased thyreotropin hormone concentration-associated with interferon treatment in human papillomavirus infected patient with the autoimmune thyroiditis and a daily L-thyroxin hormone replacement therapy background. Observation was supplemented with a brief review of literature and discussion. On the basis of this observation and a brief review of literature authors suggested that the potential adverse effects of interferon therapy are overbalanced than its benefits for gynecological patients, therefore any interferon treatment should be recommended with strict indications as well as after screening of conditions and functions of thyroid glands and other interferon target organs to avoid interferon treatment side effects. Practitioners especially gynecologists should inform their patients about pleiotropic interferon effects and its high frequent and wide range side effects before to start such kind of treatment.
文摘The aim of this study was to contribute to strengthening the efficiency in the treatment of the salivary gland tumours in the Stomatology and Maxillo-facial surgery service at the University Hospital Centre/Yalgado OUEDRAOGO of Ouagadougou. It has been a retrospective and descriptive study covering seven (7) years [January 2006-December 2012] on epidemiology and the treatment of 54 cases of the salivary glands tumours histologically confirmed. Benign tumours (non-malignant tumours were prevalent (61.11% of cases). The annual incidences were 4.71 cases for non malignant tumours and 3 cases for malignant tumours. The average age was 34-45 years for non malignant tumours and 44-33 years for malignant ones. In both groups, the tumour was discovered lately with an average 32-48 months before consulting in case of non malignant tumours and 18-29 months for malignant tumours. The location of non malignant tumours was very often the parotid (42.42%), under mandible gland (27.28%). Malignant tumours very often concerned the parotid (76.18%) and the under mandible gland (14.29%). The histology has revealed that pleomorphic adenoma was the leading type of non-malignant tumours (93.94% of cases) whereas carcinoma was predominant in malignant tumours (80.95% of cases). Long term track keeping was difficult and it has been complicated by the loss of contact with some patients. The low living standard, the time wasted before consulting, limited human resources and therapeutic means constitute handicaps to the treatment in our African context.
文摘Tumours of minor salivary glands are rare. We report the case of a 58-year-old HIV positive woman with a palatal adenocarcinoma evolving for 15 years, followed by a literature review. The case enlightens on the deleterious effect of delayed specialist consultation, which in our context is multifactorial in origin.
文摘A long-term blood feeder, like the <i><span>Hyalomma</span></i><span> </span><i><span>dromedarii</span></i><span> tick, requires extended control over all hemostatic defense mechanisms generated by the host during feeding, including blood coagulation. To overcome this, ticks have evolved numerous molecules that target proteases in the blood coagulation cascade. New insights into the role of clotting factors in the development and progression of cancer have identified anticoagulant treatment as a potential therapeutic approach. In this context, the present work assessed the anticoagulation activities of crude and fractionated salivary gland extract (SGE) prepared from semi-fed </span><i><span>H</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>dromedarii</span></i><span> females. Additionally, the antitumor effects of the potent anti-thrombin fractions were determined against colon cancer (Caco-2) and normal skin (HFB4) cells. Crude SGE significantly prolonged clotting time in prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin time (TT) assays and inhibited thrombin in FII-activity assay. Using anion-exchange chromatography, the fractions that strongly inhibited thrombin (3.A4 and 3.A5) were eluted. Both fractions prolonged the aPTT and TT clotting times and reduced the activity of FII significantly. The protein profiles of both fractions indicated the presence of a single polypeptide band of about 99 kDa. Regarding anti-cancer potential of the tested fractions, Caco-2 cells showed reduced viability with obvious morphological changes, induced apoptosis and a reduced level of vascular endothelial </span><span>growth factor (VEGF). G2/M cell cycle arrest was observed only in 3.A5-treated</span><span> cells. No cytotoxic effects were observed in HFB4 cells. These results demonstrated the potential of tick-derived anticoagulants, specifically thrombin inhibitors, as effective tools in colorectal cancer treatment. Further purification of the effector molecule(s) is required to fully characterize their structures and mechanisms of action.</span>
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(31730090 and 31925037)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2018CFA020).
文摘Background:The hyper-prolificacy Meishan gilts achieved a superior endometrial gland development(EGD)than white crossbred gilts during the ovary-independent period(before 60 d of age).Then,the EGD continues under the management of ovary-derived steroid hormones that regulated by gut microbiota(after 60 d of age).However,whether Meishan gilts’superiority in EGD lasting to the ovary-dependent period(after 60 d of age)and the role of gut microbiota in this period both remain unclear.Methods:Meishan gilts and Landrace x Yorkshire(LxY)gilts were raised under the same housing and feeding conditions until sexual maturity and then we compared their EGD and gut microbiota.Meanwhile,we transplanted fecal microbiota from Meishan gilts to L×Y gilts to explore the role of gut microbiota in EGD.We sampled plasma every 3 weeks and collected the uterus,ovary,liver,and rectal feces after the sacrifice.We then determined the hormone concentrations and expressions of the EGD-related genes.We also profiled the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolites of plasma and liver tissue using untargeted metabolomics.Finally,the correlation analysis and significant test was conducted between FMT-shifted gut microbes and EGD-related indices.Results:Meishan gilts have larger endometrial gland area(P<0.001),longer uterine horn length(P<0.01)but lighter uterine horn weight(P<0.05),a distinctive gut microbiota compared with L×Y gilts.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)increased endometrial gland area(P<0.01).FMT markedly shifted the metabolite profiles of both liver and plasma,and these differential metabolites enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway.FMT increased estradiol and insulin-like growth factor 1 but decreased progesterone dynamically.FMT also increased the expression of the EGD-related genes estrogen receptor 1 gene,epithelial cadherin,and forkhead box protein A2.There is a significant correlation between FMT-shifted gut microbes and EGD-related indices.Conclusion:Sexually matured Meishan gilts achieved a superior EGD than LxY gilts.Meanwhile,gut microbiota contribute to the EGD potentially via regulating of steroid hormones during the ovary-dependent period.
基金This work was supported by the grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(31802083)the China Agriculture(Dairy)Research System(CARS-36).
文摘Background:The local supply of energy-yielding nutrients such as glucose seems to affect the synthesis of milk components in the mammary gland(MG).Thus,our study was conducted to investigate the effects of locally available MG glucose supply(LMGS)on amino acid(AA)sensing and utilization in the MG of lactating dairy goats.Six dosages of glucose(0,20,40,60,80,and 100 g/d)were infused into the MG through the external pudendal artery to investigate the dose-dependent changes in mammary AA uptake and utilization(Exp.1)and the changes in mRNA and protein expression of the AMPK-mTOR pathway(Expt.2).Results:In Exp.1,total milk AA concentration was highest when goats were infused with 60 g/d glucose,but lower when goats were infused with 0 and 100 g/d glucose.Increasing LMGS quadratically changed the percentages ofαS2-casein andα-lactalbumin in milk protein,which increased with infusions from 0 to 60 g/d glucose and then decreased with infusions between 60 and 100 g/d glucose.The LMGS changed the AA availability and intramammary gland AA utilization,as reflected by the mammary AA flux indexes.In Exp.2,the mRNA expression of LALBA in the MG increased quadratically with increasing LMGS,with the highest expression at dose of 60 g/d glucose.A high glucose dosage(100 g/d)activated the general control nonderepressible 2 kinase,an intracellular sensor of AA status,resulting in a reduced total milk AA concentration.Conclusions:Our new findings suggest that the lactating MG in dairy goats may be affected by LMGS through regulation of the AA sensory pathway,AA utilization and protein synthesis,all being driven by the AMPK-mTOR pathway.
文摘We report a case of a 75-year-old man with cystic micropapillary neoplasm of peribiliary glands detected preoperatively by radiologic examination. Enhanced computed tomography showed a low-density mass 2.2 cm in diameter in the right hepatic hilum and a cystic lesion around the common hepatic duct. cholangiocarcinoma, right hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy and bile duct resection were performed. Pathological examination revealed perihilar cholangiocarcinoma mainly involving the right hepatic duct. The cystic lesion was multilocular and covered by columnar lining epithelia exhibiting increased proliferative activity and p53 nuclear expression; it also contained foci of micropapillary and glandular proliferation. Therefore, the lesion was diagnosed as a cystic micropapillary neoplasm of peribiliary glands and resembled flat branch-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Histological examination showed the lesion was discontinuous with the perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed the cystic neoplasm was strongly positive for MUC6 and that the cholangiocarcinoma was strongly positive for MUC5 AC and S100 P. These results suggest these two lesions have different origins. This case warrants further study on whether this type of neoplasm is associated with concomitant cholangiocarcinoma as observed in pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with concomitant pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma.
文摘An unusual histologic type and low-grade malignancy of salivary gland (SG) carcinomas, namely solid carcinoma (SC), is reported. Histopathologic characteristics of 12 cases of the SC include (1) large solid nest structure, (2) isomorphic and blandness of the epithelial cells in cytoloogy, (3) squamous metaplasia and keratinization in different degrees. (4) infiltrative growth pattern. Immunohistochemical stainings reveal that the cells of the SCs are reacted positive with anti-cytokeratins 12 and 27, anti-S-100P, anti-EMA antibodies in different degrees, and negative with anti-desmin, anti-GFAP, anti-lysozyme antibodies. The positive reactions with anti-CEA, anti-actin, and anti-myoglobin are detected in a few individuals. Follow-up data show the recurrence rate and mortality of the SC are 73% and 18% respectively. The histogenesis of SC and differential diagnosis are also discussed in the paper.
文摘Objective:To monitor the pathological alterations in pancreas of rat during experimental fluorosis. Methods:Sixty Sprague Dawley albino rats of both sexes were divided into 12 experimental groups and one control group.The rats of control group were administered subcutaneously double distilled water 1 mL/kg bw daily.The experimental groups were injected with 30,45,and 75 mg NaF/kg bw/day.The experimental period was divided into 4 phases at interval of 15,22,30,and 36 days.Animals were sacrificed from each group at the end of 16,23,31,and 37 days.Results: The following changes were observed in this study:(1) Pathological examination of pancreas after 15 days of fluoride treatment revealed:hypertrophy of acini,leucocytes infilteration and pycnouc nuclei due to necrosis of acini in group 1;uremic alterations,invulsion and infoldings of reticular layer of islets of Langerhans in group 2;and a decrease in number of acini and interlobular connective tissues resulted in an increase in intercellular spaces in pancreas of rats in group 3.(2)Hyalinization and hypertrophy in the lobules of acini and hyperplasia and hypertrophy in intercalated duct with mucinous secretion in pancreas of rat of group 4;squamous metaplasia of pancreatic duct,adenoma of pancreas,hemorrhagic necrosis in group 5;and hyperplasia of acini and reduction in number of pancreatic islets in group 6.(3) Disorganization and atrophy of pancreatic lobules and presence of vacuoles in a group of six were visible in pancreas of rats in group 7;acute pancreatic and lamellated inflammatory cells in test rats of group 8;and islet adenoma and decrease in number of islets cells,and exudation in acini were noticed in experimental rats of group 9.(4) In the last phase of experimentation,atrophic alterations in pancreatic acini,invulsions,and necrosis was prominent in group 10,deep inflammation and proliferation of connective tissue of pancreas in experimental group 11,and periodical fibrosis, hyperplasia of acini,degenerative changes in pancreas of rats in group 12.Conclusion:The histopathological examination of pancreas of fluoridated rats exhibited structural alterations in the exocrine glands.The acini revealed hypertrophy,pyknotic nucleus,necrosis and uremic alterations.Acini became lobulated and reveal increased pigmentation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31070584)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(2010011042-1,2011021029-2)。
文摘Using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy,we studied the structure of the integument and wax glands of the mealybug,Phenacoccus fraxinus Tang(Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae).We observed the ultrastructure of four wax pores including trilocular,quinquelocular,and multilocular pores as well as tubular ducts,recording characteristics of their structure,size and distribution.We found that that the integument of the mealybug consists of three main layers-the procuticle,epidermis and basement membrane-and four sub-layers of the procuticle-the epicuticle,exocuticle,endocuticle and formation zone.The wax-secreting gland cells were closely arranged in epidermis.All of them were complex and composed of one central cell and two or more lateral cells.These complex cells possess a large common reservoir for collection and storage.Synthesized by the glandular cells,the wax is excreted outside integument through canals.
