Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of tea polyphenols(TP)on inflammation of orbital fibroblasts in Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO)and to provide new ideas for GO treatment.Methods:Primary orbital fibroblasts...Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of tea polyphenols(TP)on inflammation of orbital fibroblasts in Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO)and to provide new ideas for GO treatment.Methods:Primary orbital fibroblasts were extracted from orbital adipose/connective tissues of patients with and without GO.Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the expression of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,and monocyte chemotactic protein(MCP)-1 in non-GO and GO orbital fibroblasts.The CCK-8 assay was used to determine the appropriate concentration of TP for subsequent experiments.RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were performed to investigate the effects of TP on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced production of inflammatory cytokines.Nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)expression was measured using Western blotting analysis.NOD-like receptor 3(NLRP3)expression was detected using both Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence staining.Results:The mRNA levels of IL-6,IL-1β,and MCP-1 in GO orbital fibroblasts were significantly higher than those in non-GO cells.TP treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of inflammatory factors,including IL-6,IL-1β,and MCP-1.TP also inhibited the expression levels of NF-κB and NLRP3.Inflammation in the GO orbital fibroblasts was higher than that in non-GO cells.TP inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in GO orbital fibroblasts in vitro through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.Conclusion:These findings suggest that TP may have a potential role in GO treatment.展开更多
AIM:To assess the effects of hypoxia on human orbital fibroblasts(OF)on adipogenesis and adipocytokine production.METHODS:Human OF were derived from tissues obtained from patients with Graves'ophthalmopathy(GO)and...AIM:To assess the effects of hypoxia on human orbital fibroblasts(OF)on adipogenesis and adipocytokine production.METHODS:Human OF were derived from tissues obtained from patients with Graves'ophthalmopathy(GO)and from patients without known thyroid diseases undergoing blepharoplasty.The OF were cultured separately under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.Comparisons of adipocytokine concentrations using multiplex ELISA and lipid accumulation in the cells using Oil Red O staining were subsequently performed.RESULTS:There was increased adipogenesis in OF from GO subject when exposed to hypoxic culture conditions.This was not observed in OF from normal controls.Hypoxia led to an increase in leptin and a decrease in MCP-1 secretion in OF cultures.CONCLUSION:Hypoxia induces adipogenesis in OF and may represent a mechanism by which smoking contributes to deterioration of GO.We also found novel changes to leptin and MCP-1 production in OF cultures exposed to hypoxia suggesting important roles of these cytokines in the disease process.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the long-term results of different orbital decompression techniques performed in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy(GO).METHODS: Totally 170 cases with GO underwent orbital decompression between...AIM: To evaluate the long-term results of different orbital decompression techniques performed in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy(GO).METHODS: Totally 170 cases with GO underwent orbital decompression between 1994 and 2014. Patients were divided into 4 groups as medial-inferior, mediallateral(balanced), medial-lateral-inferior, and lateral only according to the applied surgical technique. Surgical indications, regression degrees on Hertel exophthalmometer, new-onset diplopia in the primary gaze and new-onset gaze-evoked diplopia after surgery and visual acuity in cases with dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON) were compared between different surgical techniques.RESULTS: The study included 248 eyes of 149 patients. The mean age for surgery was 42.3±13.2 y. DON was the surgical indication in 36.6% of cases, and three-wall decompression was the most preferred technique in these cases. All types of surgery significantly decrease the Hertel values(P<0.005). Balanced medial-lateral, and only lateral wall decompression caused the lowest rate of postoperative new-onset diplopia in primary gaze. The improvement of visual acuity in patients with DON did not significantly differ between the groups(P=0.181). CONCLUSION: The study show that orbital decompression surgery has safe and effective long term results for functional and cosmetic rehabilitation of GO. It significantly reduces Hertel measurements in disfiguring proptosis and improves visual functions especially in DON cases.展开更多
The clinical application of orbital magnetic resonance(MR) T2-mapping imaging in detecting the disease activity of Graves' ophthalmopathy(GO), and the predictive values of therapy response to intravenous glucocort...The clinical application of orbital magnetic resonance(MR) T2-mapping imaging in detecting the disease activity of Graves' ophthalmopathy(GO), and the predictive values of therapy response to intravenous glucocorticoid(iv GC) were investigated. Approved by the local institutional review board(IRB), 106 consecutive patients with GO were included in this prospective study. All subjects were divided into two groups according to the patients' clinical activity score(CAS): the CAS positive group(CAS ≥3) or the CAS negative group(CAS <3). T2 relaxation time of extraocular muscles(T2RT; ms) and the areas of four extra-ocular muscles(AEOMs; mm2) were measured by 3D T2-mapping MR sequence before and after methylprednisolone treatment, so as the CAS and some ophthalmic examinations including visual acuity, intra-ocular pressure, eyeball movement, diplopia and proptosis. In addition, 24 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. The mean T2RT and AEOMs in CAS positive group were higher than those in CAS negative group. Both CAS positive and negative groups had significantly higher mean T2RT and AEOMs than the control group(P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between T2RT and AEOMs values in GO patients, both of them had a positive correlation with CAS and the ophthalmic examinations. It was concluded that to evaluate the activity of GO, CAS was mostly related to inflammation symptoms of ocular surface, more than that, T2RT and AEOMs were also related to abnormal findings of the ophthalmic examinations including high ocular pressure, impaired eyeball movement, diplopia and proptosis. T2RT and AEOMs can reflex the inflammation state of ocular muscles better. CAS combined with 3D T2-mapping MR imaging could improve the sensitivity of detection of active GO so as the prediction and evaluation of the response to methylprednisolone treatment.展开更多
Many patients with Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO)suffer from dry eye syndrome(DES),and this is one of the most common reasons of eye discomfort in patients with GO.The prevalence of DES in patients with GO is significantl...Many patients with Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO)suffer from dry eye syndrome(DES),and this is one of the most common reasons of eye discomfort in patients with GO.The prevalence of DES in patients with GO is significantly higher than normal subjects.The ocular surface changes involving changes in tears,cornea,conjunctiva and glands occur in GO patients.However,the mechanism of how DES occurs in GO still remains unclear.In this review,the ocular surface changes were illustrated and analyzed the reasons for high prevalence of DES in GO patients.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the positive rate and types of cells that express Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs(EBERs) and to determine the distribution of EBER-expressing cells in idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotu...AIM: To investigate the positive rate and types of cells that express Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs(EBERs) and to determine the distribution of EBER-expressing cells in idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor(IOIP) tissues.METHODS: We retrospectively examined 40 archived paraffin specimens from two teaching hospitals in Southern China between January 2007 and January 2015 that were pathologically determined to exhibit IOIP. Eleven concurrent paraffin specimens of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO) composed the control group. In situ hybridization was performed to detect EBERs. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect CD3,CD20,Vimentin,and smooth muscle actin(SMA),and the positive rate,types of positive cells,and distribution and location of EBERs were evaluated.RESULTS: The positive expression rate of EBERs was 47.5%(19/40) in the IOIP group,which was significantly higher than that in the TAO group [0(0/11),P=0.011]. In the IOIP group,the lymphocyte infiltrative subtype,fibrotic subtype,and mixed subtype exhibited EBER-positive rates of 57.1%(12/21),12.5%(1/8),and 54.5%(6/11),respectively,and no significant differences were found between these subtypes(P=0.085). Positive signals of EBERs were mainly present in medium-small lymphocytes between or around follicles and in the nuclei of activated immunoblasts(14/19).CONCLUSION: The positive rate,types,and distribution of EBER-expressing cells in IOIP have been documented.These findings are conducive for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus infection in IOIP pathogenesis.展开更多
Thyroid eye disease(also known as Graves’ophthalmopathy)is a complex orbital inflammatory disease,which can be sight threatening,debilitating and disfiguring.This overview discusses the epidemiology,risk factors,path...Thyroid eye disease(also known as Graves’ophthalmopathy)is a complex orbital inflammatory disease,which can be sight threatening,debilitating and disfiguring.This overview discusses the epidemiology,risk factors,pathogenesis,presentation,ophthalmic clinical features,investigations and treatment of thyroid eye disease.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160206 and No.81360152),the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(No.2018GXNSFAA281234),2019 Guangxi One Thousand Young and Middle-Aged College and University Backbone Teachers Cultivation Program and“Medical Excellence Award”Funded by the Creative Research Development Grant from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of tea polyphenols(TP)on inflammation of orbital fibroblasts in Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO)and to provide new ideas for GO treatment.Methods:Primary orbital fibroblasts were extracted from orbital adipose/connective tissues of patients with and without GO.Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the expression of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,and monocyte chemotactic protein(MCP)-1 in non-GO and GO orbital fibroblasts.The CCK-8 assay was used to determine the appropriate concentration of TP for subsequent experiments.RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were performed to investigate the effects of TP on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced production of inflammatory cytokines.Nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)expression was measured using Western blotting analysis.NOD-like receptor 3(NLRP3)expression was detected using both Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence staining.Results:The mRNA levels of IL-6,IL-1β,and MCP-1 in GO orbital fibroblasts were significantly higher than those in non-GO cells.TP treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of inflammatory factors,including IL-6,IL-1β,and MCP-1.TP also inhibited the expression levels of NF-κB and NLRP3.Inflammation in the GO orbital fibroblasts was higher than that in non-GO cells.TP inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in GO orbital fibroblasts in vitro through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.Conclusion:These findings suggest that TP may have a potential role in GO treatment.
基金Supported by Endocrinology and Metabolic Society of Singapore
文摘AIM:To assess the effects of hypoxia on human orbital fibroblasts(OF)on adipogenesis and adipocytokine production.METHODS:Human OF were derived from tissues obtained from patients with Graves'ophthalmopathy(GO)and from patients without known thyroid diseases undergoing blepharoplasty.The OF were cultured separately under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.Comparisons of adipocytokine concentrations using multiplex ELISA and lipid accumulation in the cells using Oil Red O staining were subsequently performed.RESULTS:There was increased adipogenesis in OF from GO subject when exposed to hypoxic culture conditions.This was not observed in OF from normal controls.Hypoxia led to an increase in leptin and a decrease in MCP-1 secretion in OF cultures.CONCLUSION:Hypoxia induces adipogenesis in OF and may represent a mechanism by which smoking contributes to deterioration of GO.We also found novel changes to leptin and MCP-1 production in OF cultures exposed to hypoxia suggesting important roles of these cytokines in the disease process.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the long-term results of different orbital decompression techniques performed in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy(GO).METHODS: Totally 170 cases with GO underwent orbital decompression between 1994 and 2014. Patients were divided into 4 groups as medial-inferior, mediallateral(balanced), medial-lateral-inferior, and lateral only according to the applied surgical technique. Surgical indications, regression degrees on Hertel exophthalmometer, new-onset diplopia in the primary gaze and new-onset gaze-evoked diplopia after surgery and visual acuity in cases with dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON) were compared between different surgical techniques.RESULTS: The study included 248 eyes of 149 patients. The mean age for surgery was 42.3±13.2 y. DON was the surgical indication in 36.6% of cases, and three-wall decompression was the most preferred technique in these cases. All types of surgery significantly decrease the Hertel values(P<0.005). Balanced medial-lateral, and only lateral wall decompression caused the lowest rate of postoperative new-onset diplopia in primary gaze. The improvement of visual acuity in patients with DON did not significantly differ between the groups(P=0.181). CONCLUSION: The study show that orbital decompression surgery has safe and effective long term results for functional and cosmetic rehabilitation of GO. It significantly reduces Hertel measurements in disfiguring proptosis and improves visual functions especially in DON cases.
基金supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.81501552,and No.81401388)
文摘The clinical application of orbital magnetic resonance(MR) T2-mapping imaging in detecting the disease activity of Graves' ophthalmopathy(GO), and the predictive values of therapy response to intravenous glucocorticoid(iv GC) were investigated. Approved by the local institutional review board(IRB), 106 consecutive patients with GO were included in this prospective study. All subjects were divided into two groups according to the patients' clinical activity score(CAS): the CAS positive group(CAS ≥3) or the CAS negative group(CAS <3). T2 relaxation time of extraocular muscles(T2RT; ms) and the areas of four extra-ocular muscles(AEOMs; mm2) were measured by 3D T2-mapping MR sequence before and after methylprednisolone treatment, so as the CAS and some ophthalmic examinations including visual acuity, intra-ocular pressure, eyeball movement, diplopia and proptosis. In addition, 24 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. The mean T2RT and AEOMs in CAS positive group were higher than those in CAS negative group. Both CAS positive and negative groups had significantly higher mean T2RT and AEOMs than the control group(P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between T2RT and AEOMs values in GO patients, both of them had a positive correlation with CAS and the ophthalmic examinations. It was concluded that to evaluate the activity of GO, CAS was mostly related to inflammation symptoms of ocular surface, more than that, T2RT and AEOMs were also related to abnormal findings of the ophthalmic examinations including high ocular pressure, impaired eyeball movement, diplopia and proptosis. T2RT and AEOMs can reflex the inflammation state of ocular muscles better. CAS combined with 3D T2-mapping MR imaging could improve the sensitivity of detection of active GO so as the prediction and evaluation of the response to methylprednisolone treatment.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1106100,No.2018YFC1106101)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai(No.17DZ2260100,No.19410761100,No.19DZ2331400)Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.ZH2018QNA07,No.ZH2018ZDA12)。
文摘Many patients with Graves’ophthalmopathy(GO)suffer from dry eye syndrome(DES),and this is one of the most common reasons of eye discomfort in patients with GO.The prevalence of DES in patients with GO is significantly higher than normal subjects.The ocular surface changes involving changes in tears,cornea,conjunctiva and glands occur in GO patients.However,the mechanism of how DES occurs in GO still remains unclear.In this review,the ocular surface changes were illustrated and analyzed the reasons for high prevalence of DES in GO patients.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81260149No.81360152+2 种基金No.81560162)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2016GXNSFAA380301)Youth Science Foundation of Guangxi Medical University(No.GXMUYSF2014040)
文摘AIM: To investigate the positive rate and types of cells that express Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs(EBERs) and to determine the distribution of EBER-expressing cells in idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor(IOIP) tissues.METHODS: We retrospectively examined 40 archived paraffin specimens from two teaching hospitals in Southern China between January 2007 and January 2015 that were pathologically determined to exhibit IOIP. Eleven concurrent paraffin specimens of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO) composed the control group. In situ hybridization was performed to detect EBERs. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect CD3,CD20,Vimentin,and smooth muscle actin(SMA),and the positive rate,types of positive cells,and distribution and location of EBERs were evaluated.RESULTS: The positive expression rate of EBERs was 47.5%(19/40) in the IOIP group,which was significantly higher than that in the TAO group [0(0/11),P=0.011]. In the IOIP group,the lymphocyte infiltrative subtype,fibrotic subtype,and mixed subtype exhibited EBER-positive rates of 57.1%(12/21),12.5%(1/8),and 54.5%(6/11),respectively,and no significant differences were found between these subtypes(P=0.085). Positive signals of EBERs were mainly present in medium-small lymphocytes between or around follicles and in the nuclei of activated immunoblasts(14/19).CONCLUSION: The positive rate,types,and distribution of EBER-expressing cells in IOIP have been documented.These findings are conducive for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus infection in IOIP pathogenesis.
文摘Thyroid eye disease(also known as Graves’ophthalmopathy)is a complex orbital inflammatory disease,which can be sight threatening,debilitating and disfiguring.This overview discusses the epidemiology,risk factors,pathogenesis,presentation,ophthalmic clinical features,investigations and treatment of thyroid eye disease.
