A new algorithm is proposed to determine the actual length and the number of the protruding fibres of yarn based on a combination of image acquisition technology. First, a yarn hairiness image is obtained by the serie...A new algorithm is proposed to determine the actual length and the number of the protruding fibres of yarn based on a combination of image acquisition technology. First, a yarn hairiness image is obtained by the series of image processing procedures that include grayscale transformation,skew correction,yarn binary image acquisition and yarn core binary image obtaining. Then,the hairiness is realized in single pixel width by the usage of thinning algorithm. Finally, a baseline of yarn core margin is obtained,and pixels that match 8-neighbor template correctly are found by row scanning in a certain area. From this,these pixels are judged and the real crossover points of yarn core margin and hairiness,i. e.,the starting points of hairiness,are gained. The real length of the protruding fibres is calculated by tracking hairiness from the starting point constantly.展开更多
Yam hairiness is a complex concept, which generally cannot be completely defined by a single figure. Hairiness can be considered as the fiber ends and loops standing out from the main compact yarn body. Uster hairines...Yam hairiness is a complex concept, which generally cannot be completely defined by a single figure. Hairiness can be considered as the fiber ends and loops standing out from the main compact yarn body. Uster hairiness system characterizes the hairiness by H value, i.e. the mean value of the total length of all hairs within one centimeter of yarn. The raw data HI are in fact realization of spatial process （hairiness spatial process -- HSP） and can be used for more complex evaluation of hairiness characteristics in the space and frequency domain. The main aim of this contribution is description of some tools for spatial characterization of yarn hairiness. The simple methods for complex characterization of lISP statistical behavior （stationarity, independence, linearity etc. ） are presented. The techniques based on the embedding dimension and correlation integral or long-range dependences evaluation are discussed. The selected methods are core of HYARN program in MATLAB. Application of this program for deeper characterization of artificial data and cotton type yam are shown.展开更多
Traditional ring spinning system is associated with the several limitations, one of which is yarn hairiness. The awareness has been vibrantly growing among the spinning mills for reducing staple yarn hairiness because...Traditional ring spinning system is associated with the several limitations, one of which is yarn hairiness. The awareness has been vibrantly growing among the spinning mills for reducing staple yarn hairiness because of its detrimental effects on the subsequent processes (i.e., weaving, knitting, dyeing etc.) and the quality of resultant textile products. As a result, modified form of ring frame has attracted a lot of attention among the researchers for making yarn with the lower level of hairiness value. Besides the raw material parameters and some processing variables, spinning triangle (ST) is the most critical region that has decisive influence on the distribution of fiber tensions and their spatial orientations and shapes in staple yarn body. Thus, using appropriate methods to control the spinning triangle geometry actively has been a vital issue in the field of yarn hairiness reduction. In this paper, it is attempted to make an overview on the spinning triangle based modifications of ring frame that have been designed and destined to reduce hairiness. However, agent aided ring spinning system has also been briefly discussed in this paper as well.展开更多
In order to improve the quality of yarn,a research was carried out at ring spinning.A modifiedtraveller has been used to reduce the yarn hairiness vastly.According to the statistical analysis ofthe data,it was found t...In order to improve the quality of yarn,a research was carried out at ring spinning.A modifiedtraveller has been used to reduce the yarn hairiness vastly.According to the statistical analysis ofthe data,it was found that the geometrical shape of travellers is the key factor affecting the yarnhairiness at ring spinning.展开更多
Many economically important crops and vegetables belonging to the cruciferous family are heavily endangered by clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection.Breeding of clubroot resistant cultivars bas...Many economically important crops and vegetables belonging to the cruciferous family are heavily endangered by clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection.Breeding of clubroot resistant cultivars based on mapping and cloning of resistant genes is commonly regarded as the most cost-effective and efficient way to fight against this disease.The traditional way of R gene functional validation requires stable transformation that is both time-and labor-consuming.In this study,a rapid and efficient hairy-root transgenic protocol mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes was developed.The transformation positive rate was over 80%in Brassica napus showed by GUS reporter gene and this transformation only took 1/6 of the time compared with stable transformation.The system was applicable to different B.napus varieties and other cruciferous crops including Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea.In particular,two known CR genes,CRA3.7.1 and CRA8.2.4 were used respectively,as example to show that the system works well for CR gene study combined with subsequent P.brassicae infection in B.napus.Most importantly,it works both in over-expression that led to disease resistance,as well as in RNAi which led to disease susceptible phenotype.Therefore,this system can be used in batch-wise identification of CR genes,and also offered the possibility of manipulating key genes within the P.brassicae genome that could improve our knowledge on host-pathogen interaction.展开更多
Jute(Corchorus capsularis L.)is the second most important natural plant fiber source after cotton.However,developing an efficient gene editing system for jute remains a challenge.In this study,the transgenic hairy roo...Jute(Corchorus capsularis L.)is the second most important natural plant fiber source after cotton.However,developing an efficient gene editing system for jute remains a challenge.In this study,the transgenic hairy root system mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain K599 was developed for Meifeng 4,an elite jute variety widely cultivated in China.The transgenic hairy root system for jute was verified by subcellular localization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)assays.The CHLOROPLASTOS ALTERADOS 1(CcCLA1)gene,which is involved in the development of chloroplasts,was targeted for editing at two sites in Meifeng 4.Based on this hairy root transformation,the gRNA scaffold was placed under the control of cotton ubiquitin GhU6.7 and-GhU6.9 promoters,respectively,to assess the efficiency of gene editing.Results indicated the 50.0%(GhU6.7)and 38.5%(GhU6.9)editing events in the target 2 alleles(gRNA2),but no mutation was detected in the target 1 allele(gRNA1)in transgenic-positive hairy roots.CcCLA1 gene editing at gRNA2 under the control of GhU6.7 in Meifeng 4 was also carried out by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.Two CcCLA1 mutants were albinic,with a gene editing efficiency of 5.3%.These findings confirm that the CRISPR/Cas9 system,incorporating promoter GhU6.7,can be used as a gene editing tool for jute.展开更多
Alfalfa(Medicago sativa.L.)is a globally significant autotetraploid legume forage crop.However,despite its importance,establishing efficient gene editing systems for cultivated alfalfa remains a formidable challenge.I...Alfalfa(Medicago sativa.L.)is a globally significant autotetraploid legume forage crop.However,despite its importance,establishing efficient gene editing systems for cultivated alfalfa remains a formidable challenge.In this study,we pioneered the development of a highly effective ultrasonic-assisted leaf disc transformation system for Gongnong 1 alfalfa,a variety widely cultivated in Northeast China.Subsequently,we created a single transcript CRISPR/Cas9(CRISPR_2.0)toolkit,incorporating multiplex gRNAs,designed for gene editing in Gongnong 1.Both Cas9 and gRNA scaffolds were under the control of the Arabidopsis ubiquitin-10 promoter,a widely employed polymeraseⅡconstitutive promoter known for strong transgene expression in dicots.To assess the toolkit’s efficiency,we targeted PALM1,a gene associated with a recognizable multifoliate phenotype.Utilizing the CRISPR_2.0 toolkit,we directed PALM1 editing at two sites in the wild-type Gongnong 1.Results indicated a 35.1%occurrence of editing events all in target 2 alleles,while no mutations were detected at target 1 in the transgenic-positive lines.To explore more efficient sgRNAs,we developed a rapid,reliable screening system based on Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation,incorporating the visible reporter MtLAP1.This screening system demonstrated that most purple visible hairy roots underwent gene editing.Notably,sgRNA3,with an 83.0%editing efficiency,was selected using the visible hairy root system.As anticipated,tetra-allelic homozygous palm1 mutations exhibited a clear multifoliate phenotype.These palm1 lines demonstrated an average crude protein yield increase of 21.5%compared to trifoliolate alfalfa.Our findings highlight the modified CRISPR_2.0 system as a highly efficient and robust gene editing tool for autotetraploid alfalfa.展开更多
Hairy cell leukemia(HCL)is an uncommon mature B-cell malignancy characterized by a typical morphology,immunophenotype,and clinical profile.The vast majority of HCL patients harbor the canonical BRAF V600E mutation whi...Hairy cell leukemia(HCL)is an uncommon mature B-cell malignancy characterized by a typical morphology,immunophenotype,and clinical profile.The vast majority of HCL patients harbor the canonical BRAF V600E mutation which has become a rationalized target of the subsequently deregulated RAS-RAF-MEK-MAPK signaling pathway in HCL patients who have relapsed or who are refractory to front-line therapy.However,several HCL patients with a classical phenotype display non-canonical BRAF mutations or rearrangements.These include sequence variants within alternative exons and an oncogenic fusion with the IGH gene.Care must be taken in the molecular diagnostic work-up of patients with typical HCL but without the BRAF V600E to include investigation of these uncommon mechanisms.Identification,functional characterization,and reporting of further such patients is likely to provide insights into the pathogenesis of HCL and enable rational selection of targeted inhibitors in such patients if required.展开更多
Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but als...Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but also controlled by a variety of structural genes.Nonetheless,the molecular mechanism underlying ginsenoside biosynthesis has always been a topic in the discussion of ginseng secondary metabolites.Squalene epoxidase(SQE)is a key enzyme in the mevalonic acid pathway,which affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoid.Using ginseng transcriptome,expression,and ginsenoside content databases,this study employed bioinformatic methods to systematically analyze the genes encoding SQE in ginseng.We first selected six PgSQE candidates that were closely involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and then identified PgSQE08-01 to be highly associated with ginsenoside biosynthesis.Next,we constructed the overexpression vector pCAMBIA3301-PgSQE08-01 and the RNAi vector pART27-PgSQE08-01 and transformed ginseng adventitious roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes,to obtain positive hairy-root clones.Thereafter,quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the expression of relevant genes and ginsenoside content,respectively.Then,we focused on the function of PgSQE08-01 gene,which was noted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.Thus,these findings not only provided a molecular basis for the identification of important functional genes in ginseng but also enriched genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides using synthetic biology.展开更多
Three Hypericum perforatum hairy root lines(HR B,HR F and HR H)along with non-transformed roots were analyzed for phenolic compounds composition and in vitro enzyme inhibitory properties.In silico molecular modeling w...Three Hypericum perforatum hairy root lines(HR B,HR F and HR H)along with non-transformed roots were analyzed for phenolic compounds composition and in vitro enzyme inhibitory properties.In silico molecular modeling was performed to predict the interactions of the most representative phenolic compounds in HR clones with enzymes related to depression,neurodegeneration and diabetes.Chromatographic analyses revealed that HR clones represent an efficient source of quinic acid and hydroxybenzoic acids,epicatechin and procyanidin derivatives,quercetin and kaempferol glycosides,as well numerous xanthones.In vitro antidepressant activity of HR extracts through monoamine oxidase A(MAO-A)inhibition was attributed to the production of oxygenated and prenylated xanthones.The neuroprotective potential of HR extracts was related to the accumulation of quercetin 6-C-glucoside,epicatechin,procyanidins andγ-mangostin isomers as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)and butyrylcholinesterase(BChE).Vanillic acid and prenylated xanthones in HR clones as promising inhibitors of tyrosinase additionally contributed to the neuroprotective activity.Five preeminent xanthones in HR(γ-mangostin,mangiferin,garcinone C,garcinone E and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-6-metoxy-8-prenyl xanthone)along with the flavonol quercetin 6-C-glucoside effectively inhibitedα-amylase andα-glucosidase indicating the antidiabetic properties of HR extracts.Transgenic roots of H.perforatum can be exploited for the preparation of novel phytoproducts with multi-biological activities.展开更多
The artemisinin accumulation in the hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua L. was enhanced via a treatment of three fungal elicitors separately ( Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex ...The artemisinin accumulation in the hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua L. was enhanced via a treatment of three fungal elicitors separately ( Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Vuill and Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.) Grove). Among these three elicitors, V. dahliae had the highest inducing efficiency, but none of them manifests any noticeable effects on the cell growth of the hairy root cultures. The artemisinin content of the hairy root cultures treated with V. dahliae elicitor was 1.12 mg/g DW, which was 45% higher than the control (0.77 mg/g DW). The results showed that elicitation was dependent on the elicitor concentration, the incubation period and the physiological stage at which the hairy root cultures were treated. In addition, the authors found that for V. dahliae , the optimum concentration was 0.4 mg carbohydrate per millilitre medium, the strongest response of A. annua hairy root cultures to the elicitation was at the late exponential growth stage, and the highest artemisinin content of the hairy root cultures was on the 4th day post treatment.展开更多
The technological process of compact spinning and the compact procedure of fiber band in compact field are briefly illustrated. The motions of fiber band in compact field are discussed theoretically from which tilting...The technological process of compact spinning and the compact procedure of fiber band in compact field are briefly illustrated. The motions of fiber band in compact field are discussed theoretically from which tilting angle of suction slot in profile tube, additional twists created by fiber band’s rotating around its own axis and ultimate twists in compact yarn are deduced accordingly. The existence of additional twists is also verified through experiments.展开更多
Variations in leaf morphological characteristics have been extensively studied at both interand intraspecific levels although not explicitly on paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh). Paper birch populations might have...Variations in leaf morphological characteristics have been extensively studied at both interand intraspecific levels although not explicitly on paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh). Paper birch populations might have considerable genotypic and leaf morphological variations that have allowed them to inhabit wide environmental gradients. In this study, we analyzed variations in leaf morphological characteristics in 23 paper birch populations collected across Canada and grown in a greenhouse. Furthermore, we examined whether the variations in leaf morphological characteristics observed were related to the climate of the population’s origin. We found significant genotypic differences in all leaf morphological characteristics (p < 0.05) measured among the birch populations. Thus, we expected that the morphological variations in birch might be related to natural diversity in birch populations due to environmental differences at habitat origin. Principal component analysis (PCA) reduced thirteen leaf morphological variables to five principal components (PC) explaining 84.74% of the total variance in the original data. PCs accumulated with specific leaf area, petiole and leaf width were positively related to latitudinal, longitudinal, and elevational gradients at the population’s origin. Unpredictably, these PCs were significantly negatively correlated to precipitation and aridity index at the origin. Thus, we analyzed if correlations within leaf morphological characteristics had supported the birch populations to acclimate and produce unpredictable relations with the environment of origin. Our results showed that the populations originated in limited precipitation (during growing season) had large leaf width and petiole size but low leaf hairs on adaxial surface. Thus, all these leaf morphological features provide a basis for the birch to reduce water loss from leaves and balance water use efficiency in reduced precipitation. Furthermore, the leaf characteristics measured may also include phenotypic plasticity of the birch as an acclimation to the environment as in the greenhouse.展开更多
The compact spinning with pneumatic groove utilizes transverse air force and mechanical force of the pneumatic groove to condense fiber bundles to eliminate the spinning triangle.Range analysis and variance analysis o...The compact spinning with pneumatic groove utilizes transverse air force and mechanical force of the pneumatic groove to condense fiber bundles to eliminate the spinning triangle.Range analysis and variance analysis of orthogonal experiment were used to discover both important and general factors that influence the condensing effect of the compact yarn including negative pressure,traveler,roving moisture regain,and spinning tension.Results from this research have confirmed that the spinning tension is the most important factor affecting the condensing effect and the yarn quality;the negative pressure,traveler,and roving moisture regain are general factors.The optimal combination for producing least yarn hairiness,A3B2C1D1,is acquired,where the value of negative pressure A is -3.0 kPa,roving moisture regain B is 7.64%,traveler C is 20 #(yarn tex 20.8),and spinning tension D is 25 cN.展开更多
The effects of the blending ratio on the properties of Ramie/Polyester blended yarns are discussed in this paper. The experimental results show that the elongation of the yarn with the polyester content more than 40% ...The effects of the blending ratio on the properties of Ramie/Polyester blended yarns are discussed in this paper. The experimental results show that the elongation of the yarn with the polyester content more than 40% is better than that of others. There is a lowest tenacity of the yarn corresponding to the blending ratio of 50/50 or so. The other properties of the yarn, such as the evenness and hairiness, will be improved with the increasing of the polyester content.展开更多
Using the forearm test, the prickle of 26 commercially available light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics and 7 other fiber fabrics were studied under (24±1)℃ temperature and (65±5)% RH conditions. The surfa...Using the forearm test, the prickle of 26 commercially available light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics and 7 other fiber fabrics were studied under (24±1)℃ temperature and (65±5)% RH conditions. The surface fiber diameter of part of the wool fabrics was measured using a microscope. It was found that most of the light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics gave a prickle sensation under the above conditions. The prickle sensation was significantly correlated with the mean fiber diameter of the surface hairiness. It was also found that the prickle of the light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics was significantly correlated with the number of surface fibers which were coarser than 26 μm diameter.展开更多
The mechanism of filament pre-tension is put forward. The effect of filament pre-tension on Sirofil composite yam properties, such as hairiness and structural stability, are theoretically and experimentally studied. T...The mechanism of filament pre-tension is put forward. The effect of filament pre-tension on Sirofil composite yam properties, such as hairiness and structural stability, are theoretically and experimentally studied. The theoretical analysis agrees well with the experimental results. The present theory shows that suitable choice of filament pre-tension can enormously reduce hairiness and improve structural stability of Sirofil composite yarn.展开更多
By nature, pineapple fiber (PALF) obtained from pineapple leaf is a smooth, shiny and white natural cellulosic fiber. In current investigation of spinning technique for pineapple leaf fiber based on cotton spinning me...By nature, pineapple fiber (PALF) obtained from pineapple leaf is a smooth, shiny and white natural cellulosic fiber. In current investigation of spinning technique for pineapple leaf fiber based on cotton spinning method comparison of produced yarn properties has been reported. For one of the investigations of this study, the fibers were cut into staple length and various properties of fibers were analyzed. Data and results acquired from this illustrated that there is excellent spinnability on the fiber. Two separate researches were conducted with consideration to produce resultant yarn by spinning of PALF. Yarn derived by solo spinning technique of 100% PALF and PALF blending with polyester and cotton fibers through binary blending technique in equal proportion has been spun, then yarn count, tensile properties, yarn evenness, hairiness have been evaluated and analyzed. The results from numerical simulations analysis indicated that yarn obtained from the Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) had great potential to be used in apparels.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61301276)Xi’an Polytechnic University Young Scholar Backbone Supporting Plan,ChinaDiscipline Construction Funds of Xi’an Polytechnic University,China(No.107090811)
文摘A new algorithm is proposed to determine the actual length and the number of the protruding fibres of yarn based on a combination of image acquisition technology. First, a yarn hairiness image is obtained by the series of image processing procedures that include grayscale transformation,skew correction,yarn binary image acquisition and yarn core binary image obtaining. Then,the hairiness is realized in single pixel width by the usage of thinning algorithm. Finally, a baseline of yarn core margin is obtained,and pixels that match 8-neighbor template correctly are found by row scanning in a certain area. From this,these pixels are judged and the real crossover points of yarn core margin and hairiness,i. e.,the starting points of hairiness,are gained. The real length of the protruding fibres is calculated by tracking hairiness from the starting point constantly.
基金Supported by the research project"Textile center"of Czech Ministry of Education1M4674788501
文摘Yam hairiness is a complex concept, which generally cannot be completely defined by a single figure. Hairiness can be considered as the fiber ends and loops standing out from the main compact yarn body. Uster hairiness system characterizes the hairiness by H value, i.e. the mean value of the total length of all hairs within one centimeter of yarn. The raw data HI are in fact realization of spatial process （hairiness spatial process -- HSP） and can be used for more complex evaluation of hairiness characteristics in the space and frequency domain. The main aim of this contribution is description of some tools for spatial characterization of yarn hairiness. The simple methods for complex characterization of lISP statistical behavior （stationarity, independence, linearity etc. ） are presented. The techniques based on the embedding dimension and correlation integral or long-range dependences evaluation are discussed. The selected methods are core of HYARN program in MATLAB. Application of this program for deeper characterization of artificial data and cotton type yam are shown.
文摘Traditional ring spinning system is associated with the several limitations, one of which is yarn hairiness. The awareness has been vibrantly growing among the spinning mills for reducing staple yarn hairiness because of its detrimental effects on the subsequent processes (i.e., weaving, knitting, dyeing etc.) and the quality of resultant textile products. As a result, modified form of ring frame has attracted a lot of attention among the researchers for making yarn with the lower level of hairiness value. Besides the raw material parameters and some processing variables, spinning triangle (ST) is the most critical region that has decisive influence on the distribution of fiber tensions and their spatial orientations and shapes in staple yarn body. Thus, using appropriate methods to control the spinning triangle geometry actively has been a vital issue in the field of yarn hairiness reduction. In this paper, it is attempted to make an overview on the spinning triangle based modifications of ring frame that have been designed and destined to reduce hairiness. However, agent aided ring spinning system has also been briefly discussed in this paper as well.
文摘In order to improve the quality of yarn,a research was carried out at ring spinning.A modifiedtraveller has been used to reduce the yarn hairiness vastly.According to the statistical analysis ofthe data,it was found that the geometrical shape of travellers is the key factor affecting the yarnhairiness at ring spinning.
基金supported by grants from the Wuhan Science and Technology Major Project on Key techniques of biological breeding and Breeding of new varieties(Grant No.2022021302024851)the special project for sustainable development agenda of innovation demonstration zone(Grant No.202204AC100001-A04)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1200400)。
文摘Many economically important crops and vegetables belonging to the cruciferous family are heavily endangered by clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection.Breeding of clubroot resistant cultivars based on mapping and cloning of resistant genes is commonly regarded as the most cost-effective and efficient way to fight against this disease.The traditional way of R gene functional validation requires stable transformation that is both time-and labor-consuming.In this study,a rapid and efficient hairy-root transgenic protocol mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes was developed.The transformation positive rate was over 80%in Brassica napus showed by GUS reporter gene and this transformation only took 1/6 of the time compared with stable transformation.The system was applicable to different B.napus varieties and other cruciferous crops including Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea.In particular,two known CR genes,CRA3.7.1 and CRA8.2.4 were used respectively,as example to show that the system works well for CR gene study combined with subsequent P.brassicae infection in B.napus.Most importantly,it works both in over-expression that led to disease resistance,as well as in RNAi which led to disease susceptible phenotype.Therefore,this system can be used in batch-wise identification of CR genes,and also offered the possibility of manipulating key genes within the P.brassicae genome that could improve our knowledge on host-pathogen interaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771369)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian, China (2023J01443)the China Agriculture Research System of the Ministry of Agriculture and MARA (CARS-16)
文摘Jute(Corchorus capsularis L.)is the second most important natural plant fiber source after cotton.However,developing an efficient gene editing system for jute remains a challenge.In this study,the transgenic hairy root system mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain K599 was developed for Meifeng 4,an elite jute variety widely cultivated in China.The transgenic hairy root system for jute was verified by subcellular localization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)assays.The CHLOROPLASTOS ALTERADOS 1(CcCLA1)gene,which is involved in the development of chloroplasts,was targeted for editing at two sites in Meifeng 4.Based on this hairy root transformation,the gRNA scaffold was placed under the control of cotton ubiquitin GhU6.7 and-GhU6.9 promoters,respectively,to assess the efficiency of gene editing.Results indicated the 50.0%(GhU6.7)and 38.5%(GhU6.9)editing events in the target 2 alleles(gRNA2),but no mutation was detected in the target 1 allele(gRNA1)in transgenic-positive hairy roots.CcCLA1 gene editing at gRNA2 under the control of GhU6.7 in Meifeng 4 was also carried out by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.Two CcCLA1 mutants were albinic,with a gene editing efficiency of 5.3%.These findings confirm that the CRISPR/Cas9 system,incorporating promoter GhU6.7,can be used as a gene editing tool for jute.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26030301)Hohhot Key R&D Project(2023-JBGSS-1),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A200206,32071864,32325035)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong(to Chunxiang Fu)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR202210270038)。
文摘Alfalfa(Medicago sativa.L.)is a globally significant autotetraploid legume forage crop.However,despite its importance,establishing efficient gene editing systems for cultivated alfalfa remains a formidable challenge.In this study,we pioneered the development of a highly effective ultrasonic-assisted leaf disc transformation system for Gongnong 1 alfalfa,a variety widely cultivated in Northeast China.Subsequently,we created a single transcript CRISPR/Cas9(CRISPR_2.0)toolkit,incorporating multiplex gRNAs,designed for gene editing in Gongnong 1.Both Cas9 and gRNA scaffolds were under the control of the Arabidopsis ubiquitin-10 promoter,a widely employed polymeraseⅡconstitutive promoter known for strong transgene expression in dicots.To assess the toolkit’s efficiency,we targeted PALM1,a gene associated with a recognizable multifoliate phenotype.Utilizing the CRISPR_2.0 toolkit,we directed PALM1 editing at two sites in the wild-type Gongnong 1.Results indicated a 35.1%occurrence of editing events all in target 2 alleles,while no mutations were detected at target 1 in the transgenic-positive lines.To explore more efficient sgRNAs,we developed a rapid,reliable screening system based on Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation,incorporating the visible reporter MtLAP1.This screening system demonstrated that most purple visible hairy roots underwent gene editing.Notably,sgRNA3,with an 83.0%editing efficiency,was selected using the visible hairy root system.As anticipated,tetra-allelic homozygous palm1 mutations exhibited a clear multifoliate phenotype.These palm1 lines demonstrated an average crude protein yield increase of 21.5%compared to trifoliolate alfalfa.Our findings highlight the modified CRISPR_2.0 system as a highly efficient and robust gene editing tool for autotetraploid alfalfa.
文摘Hairy cell leukemia(HCL)is an uncommon mature B-cell malignancy characterized by a typical morphology,immunophenotype,and clinical profile.The vast majority of HCL patients harbor the canonical BRAF V600E mutation which has become a rationalized target of the subsequently deregulated RAS-RAF-MEK-MAPK signaling pathway in HCL patients who have relapsed or who are refractory to front-line therapy.However,several HCL patients with a classical phenotype display non-canonical BRAF mutations or rearrangements.These include sequence variants within alternative exons and an oncogenic fusion with the IGH gene.Care must be taken in the molecular diagnostic work-up of patients with typical HCL but without the BRAF V600E to include investigation of these uncommon mechanisms.Identification,functional characterization,and reporting of further such patients is likely to provide insights into the pathogenesis of HCL and enable rational selection of targeted inhibitors in such patients if required.
基金This work was supported by an award from the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20210402043GH and 20210204063YY).
文摘Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but also controlled by a variety of structural genes.Nonetheless,the molecular mechanism underlying ginsenoside biosynthesis has always been a topic in the discussion of ginseng secondary metabolites.Squalene epoxidase(SQE)is a key enzyme in the mevalonic acid pathway,which affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoid.Using ginseng transcriptome,expression,and ginsenoside content databases,this study employed bioinformatic methods to systematically analyze the genes encoding SQE in ginseng.We first selected six PgSQE candidates that were closely involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and then identified PgSQE08-01 to be highly associated with ginsenoside biosynthesis.Next,we constructed the overexpression vector pCAMBIA3301-PgSQE08-01 and the RNAi vector pART27-PgSQE08-01 and transformed ginseng adventitious roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes,to obtain positive hairy-root clones.Thereafter,quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the expression of relevant genes and ginsenoside content,respectively.Then,we focused on the function of PgSQE08-01 gene,which was noted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.Thus,these findings not only provided a molecular basis for the identification of important functional genes in ginseng but also enriched genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides using synthetic biology.
文摘Three Hypericum perforatum hairy root lines(HR B,HR F and HR H)along with non-transformed roots were analyzed for phenolic compounds composition and in vitro enzyme inhibitory properties.In silico molecular modeling was performed to predict the interactions of the most representative phenolic compounds in HR clones with enzymes related to depression,neurodegeneration and diabetes.Chromatographic analyses revealed that HR clones represent an efficient source of quinic acid and hydroxybenzoic acids,epicatechin and procyanidin derivatives,quercetin and kaempferol glycosides,as well numerous xanthones.In vitro antidepressant activity of HR extracts through monoamine oxidase A(MAO-A)inhibition was attributed to the production of oxygenated and prenylated xanthones.The neuroprotective potential of HR extracts was related to the accumulation of quercetin 6-C-glucoside,epicatechin,procyanidins andγ-mangostin isomers as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)and butyrylcholinesterase(BChE).Vanillic acid and prenylated xanthones in HR clones as promising inhibitors of tyrosinase additionally contributed to the neuroprotective activity.Five preeminent xanthones in HR(γ-mangostin,mangiferin,garcinone C,garcinone E and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-6-metoxy-8-prenyl xanthone)along with the flavonol quercetin 6-C-glucoside effectively inhibitedα-amylase andα-glucosidase indicating the antidiabetic properties of HR extracts.Transgenic roots of H.perforatum can be exploited for the preparation of novel phytoproducts with multi-biological activities.
文摘The artemisinin accumulation in the hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua L. was enhanced via a treatment of three fungal elicitors separately ( Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Vuill and Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.) Grove). Among these three elicitors, V. dahliae had the highest inducing efficiency, but none of them manifests any noticeable effects on the cell growth of the hairy root cultures. The artemisinin content of the hairy root cultures treated with V. dahliae elicitor was 1.12 mg/g DW, which was 45% higher than the control (0.77 mg/g DW). The results showed that elicitation was dependent on the elicitor concentration, the incubation period and the physiological stage at which the hairy root cultures were treated. In addition, the authors found that for V. dahliae , the optimum concentration was 0.4 mg carbohydrate per millilitre medium, the strongest response of A. annua hairy root cultures to the elicitation was at the late exponential growth stage, and the highest artemisinin content of the hairy root cultures was on the 4th day post treatment.
基金Sponsored by Shanghai Rising Star Program, No .02QF14005
文摘The technological process of compact spinning and the compact procedure of fiber band in compact field are briefly illustrated. The motions of fiber band in compact field are discussed theoretically from which tilting angle of suction slot in profile tube, additional twists created by fiber band’s rotating around its own axis and ultimate twists in compact yarn are deduced accordingly. The existence of additional twists is also verified through experiments.
文摘Variations in leaf morphological characteristics have been extensively studied at both interand intraspecific levels although not explicitly on paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh). Paper birch populations might have considerable genotypic and leaf morphological variations that have allowed them to inhabit wide environmental gradients. In this study, we analyzed variations in leaf morphological characteristics in 23 paper birch populations collected across Canada and grown in a greenhouse. Furthermore, we examined whether the variations in leaf morphological characteristics observed were related to the climate of the population’s origin. We found significant genotypic differences in all leaf morphological characteristics (p < 0.05) measured among the birch populations. Thus, we expected that the morphological variations in birch might be related to natural diversity in birch populations due to environmental differences at habitat origin. Principal component analysis (PCA) reduced thirteen leaf morphological variables to five principal components (PC) explaining 84.74% of the total variance in the original data. PCs accumulated with specific leaf area, petiole and leaf width were positively related to latitudinal, longitudinal, and elevational gradients at the population’s origin. Unpredictably, these PCs were significantly negatively correlated to precipitation and aridity index at the origin. Thus, we analyzed if correlations within leaf morphological characteristics had supported the birch populations to acclimate and produce unpredictable relations with the environment of origin. Our results showed that the populations originated in limited precipitation (during growing season) had large leaf width and petiole size but low leaf hairs on adaxial surface. Thus, all these leaf morphological features provide a basis for the birch to reduce water loss from leaves and balance water use efficiency in reduced precipitation. Furthermore, the leaf characteristics measured may also include phenotypic plasticity of the birch as an acclimation to the environment as in the greenhouse.
基金National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2007BAE41B04)
文摘The compact spinning with pneumatic groove utilizes transverse air force and mechanical force of the pneumatic groove to condense fiber bundles to eliminate the spinning triangle.Range analysis and variance analysis of orthogonal experiment were used to discover both important and general factors that influence the condensing effect of the compact yarn including negative pressure,traveler,roving moisture regain,and spinning tension.Results from this research have confirmed that the spinning tension is the most important factor affecting the condensing effect and the yarn quality;the negative pressure,traveler,and roving moisture regain are general factors.The optimal combination for producing least yarn hairiness,A3B2C1D1,is acquired,where the value of negative pressure A is -3.0 kPa,roving moisture regain B is 7.64%,traveler C is 20 #(yarn tex 20.8),and spinning tension D is 25 cN.
文摘The effects of the blending ratio on the properties of Ramie/Polyester blended yarns are discussed in this paper. The experimental results show that the elongation of the yarn with the polyester content more than 40% is better than that of others. There is a lowest tenacity of the yarn corresponding to the blending ratio of 50/50 or so. The other properties of the yarn, such as the evenness and hairiness, will be improved with the increasing of the polyester content.
文摘Using the forearm test, the prickle of 26 commercially available light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics and 7 other fiber fabrics were studied under (24±1)℃ temperature and (65±5)% RH conditions. The surface fiber diameter of part of the wool fabrics was measured using a microscope. It was found that most of the light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics gave a prickle sensation under the above conditions. The prickle sensation was significantly correlated with the mean fiber diameter of the surface hairiness. It was also found that the prickle of the light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics was significantly correlated with the number of surface fibers which were coarser than 26 μm diameter.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10572038)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University .
文摘The mechanism of filament pre-tension is put forward. The effect of filament pre-tension on Sirofil composite yam properties, such as hairiness and structural stability, are theoretically and experimentally studied. The theoretical analysis agrees well with the experimental results. The present theory shows that suitable choice of filament pre-tension can enormously reduce hairiness and improve structural stability of Sirofil composite yarn.
文摘By nature, pineapple fiber (PALF) obtained from pineapple leaf is a smooth, shiny and white natural cellulosic fiber. In current investigation of spinning technique for pineapple leaf fiber based on cotton spinning method comparison of produced yarn properties has been reported. For one of the investigations of this study, the fibers were cut into staple length and various properties of fibers were analyzed. Data and results acquired from this illustrated that there is excellent spinnability on the fiber. Two separate researches were conducted with consideration to produce resultant yarn by spinning of PALF. Yarn derived by solo spinning technique of 100% PALF and PALF blending with polyester and cotton fibers through binary blending technique in equal proportion has been spun, then yarn count, tensile properties, yarn evenness, hairiness have been evaluated and analyzed. The results from numerical simulations analysis indicated that yarn obtained from the Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) had great potential to be used in apparels.
