Climatic extremes such as drought have becoming a severe climate-related problem in many regions all over the world that can induce anomalies in vegetation condition. Growth and CO2 uptake by plants are constrained to...Climatic extremes such as drought have becoming a severe climate-related problem in many regions all over the world that can induce anomalies in vegetation condition. Growth and CO2 uptake by plants are constrained to a large extent by drought.Therefore, it is important to understand the spatial and temporal responses of vegetation to drought across the various land cover types and different regions. Leaf area index(LAI) derived from Global Land Surface Satellite(GLASS) data was used to evaluate the response of vegetation to drought occurrence across Yunnan Province, China(2001-2010). The meteorological drought was assessed based on Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)values. Pearson's correlation coefficients between LAI and SPI were examined across several timescales within six sub-regions of the Yunnan. Further, the drought-prone area was identified based on LAI anomaly values. Lag and cumulative effects of lack of precipitation on vegetation were evident, with significant correlations found using 3-, 6-, 9-and 12-month timescale. We found 9-month timescale has higher correlations compared to another timescale.Approximately 29.4% of Yunnan's area was classified as drought-prone area, based on the LAI anomaly values. Most of this drought-prone area was distributed in the mountainous region of Yunnan.From the research, it is evident that GLASS LAI can be effectively used as an indicator for assessing drought conditions and it provide valuable information for drought risk defense and preparedness.展开更多
A method was developed to make a quantitative analysis of the microstructure of asphalt modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene block（SBS） copolymer. Moreover, both mixed and branched SBS were employed in the prepar...A method was developed to make a quantitative analysis of the microstructure of asphalt modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene block（SBS） copolymer. Moreover, both mixed and branched SBS were employed in the preparation of modified asphalt. By sampling specimens from the top, middle, and bottom, a number of microscope slides were made and 400 times micro images were gained. Binarized with the software of MATLAB, the images then went to the process of distribution test, when four typical distributions were employed to investigate the distribution of modifi er spread in asphalt. The distribution characteristic and its parameter were both found. The results show that asphalt phase clearly obeys Poisson distribution, and its parameter, λ, is bond up with the condition SBS performs in. Based on this parameter, indexes can be set up to evaluate the structure of the mixture and its performance as well. Compared with that modifi ed with mixed SBS, the asphalt modifi ed with branched SBS has better performance but worse stability, for it is easier to segregate.展开更多
[Objective]The ecological vulnerability and landscape ecological risk of karst mountainous areas have increased as a result of enhanced disturbance of natural resources by human activities.This paper aimed to explore ...[Objective]The ecological vulnerability and landscape ecological risk of karst mountainous areas have increased as a result of enhanced disturbance of natural resources by human activities.This paper aimed to explore the characteristics of ecological risk evolution under different landscape patterns in the region,with a view to providing reference for land classification protection,sustainable use of resources and regional ecological risk optimization in karst mountainous areas.[Method]Taking Huangping County,a typical karst mountainous area,as an example,eight evaluation factors of natural and landscape patterns were selected to construct a landscape ecological risk evaluation model,to quantitatively explore the spatio-temporal evolution of landscape ecological risk and the trend of risk level transfer in the study area from^(2)010-2018,and to reveal the complex relationship between ecological risk and topography in karst mountainous areas.[Result]①From 2010 to 2018,land use types changed to different degrees,with the most amount of woodland transferred out(1627.37 hm^(2))and the most amount of construction land transferred in(1303.93 hm^(2));a total of 3552.31 hm^(2) of land was transferred,with a change ratio of 2.13%,and there was a significant conversion between construction land,arable land,and woodland.②From 2010 to 2018,the landscape ecological risk in the study area changed significantly,and the landscape ecological risk index decreased from 0.3441 to 0.1733,showing an upward and then downward trend;the landscape ecological risk of the whole region was dominated by low-risk and lower-risk zones,and the ecological risk level generally shifted from a high level to a low level,and the ecological environment was improved.③There was a negative correlation between ecological risk and topographic position,and high-risk zones were mainly distributed among low topographic zones;with the change of time,the advantage of risk level for the selection of topography was gradually weakened,and the influence of anthropogenic factors on the ecological risk of the landscape was becoming more and more prominent.[Conclusion]This paper can provide theoretical basis for land use optimization and ecological protection in karst mountainous areas.展开更多
Due to the increasing number of cloud applications,the amount of data in the cloud shows signs of growing faster than ever before.The nature of cloud computing requires cloud data processing systems that can handle hu...Due to the increasing number of cloud applications,the amount of data in the cloud shows signs of growing faster than ever before.The nature of cloud computing requires cloud data processing systems that can handle huge volumes of data and have high performance.However,most cloud storage systems currently adopt a hash-like approach to retrieving data that only supports simple keyword-based enquiries,but lacks various forms of information search.Therefore,a scalable and efficient indexing scheme is clearly required.In this paper,we present a skip list-based cloud index,called SLC-index,which is a novel,scalable skip list-based indexing for cloud data processing.The SLC-index offers a two-layered architecture for extending indexing scope and facilitating better throughput.Dynamic load-balancing for the SLC-index is achieved by online migration of index nodes between servers.Furthermore,it is a flexible system due to its dynamic addition and removal of servers.The SLC-index is efficient for both point and range queries.Experimental results show the efficiency of the SLC-index and its usefulness as an alternative approach for cloud-suitable data structures.展开更多
Drill machines used in surface mines, particularly in coal, is characterized by a very poor utilization （around 40%） and low availability （around 60%）. The main purpose of this study is to develop a drill selec- t...Drill machines used in surface mines, particularly in coal, is characterized by a very poor utilization （around 40%） and low availability （around 60%）. The main purpose of this study is to develop a drill selec- tion methodology and simultaneously a performance evaluation technique based on drill cuttings produced and drilling rate achieved. In all 28 blast drilled through were investigated. The drilling was accomplished by 5 different drill machines of Ingersoll-Rand and Revathi working in coal mines of Sonepur Bazari （SECL） and Block-II （BCCL）. The drills are Rotary and Rotary Percussive type using tri- cone rock roller bits. Drill cuttings were collected and sieve analysis was done in the laboratory. Using Rosin Ramler Diagram, coarseness index （CI）, mean chip size （d）, specific-st trace area （SSA） and charac- teristic particle size distribution curves for all the holes drilled were plotted. The predictor equation for drill penetration rate established through multiple regressions was found to have a very good correlation with an index of determination of 0.85. A comparative analysis of particle size distribution curves was used to evaluate the drill efficiency. The suggested approach utilises the area under the curve, after the point of trend reversal and brittleness ratio of the respective bench to arrive at drill energy utilization index （DEUI）, for mapping of drill machine to bench, The developed DEU1 can aid in selecting or mapping a right machine to right bench for achieving higher penetration rate and utilizations.展开更多
After expanding the capacity by widening the trolley of the No. 3 sintering machine, severe uneven sintering occurred in the trolley＇ s lateral distribution, which affected the output and quality of sinter. In this s...After expanding the capacity by widening the trolley of the No. 3 sintering machine, severe uneven sintering occurred in the trolley＇ s lateral distribution, which affected the output and quality of sinter. In this study, the quantitative evaluation indices of the burden uniform distribution in the width direction of the sintering machine is introduced for the first time. By measuring the temperature of discharged gas, a plane temperature field is constructed. Through analyzing the temperature field and the burden layer＇ s differential thermal equilibrium, a mathematical model for evaluating the indices, which is an online reflection of the degree of uniform distribution, is built. Following the improvements in burden distribution equipment ,the optimization of the ignition system and the dynamic adjustment of the process ,the problem of uneven sintering in lateral distribution has been solved, and the quality and the yield of sinter have been improved.展开更多
The first account of the effects of wetland reclamation on soil nematode assemblages were provided, three sites in Heihe River Basin of Northwest China, that is grass wetland(GW), Tamarix chinensis wetland(TW) and cro...The first account of the effects of wetland reclamation on soil nematode assemblages were provided, three sites in Heihe River Basin of Northwest China, that is grass wetland(GW), Tamarix chinensis wetland(TW) and crop wetland(CW) treatments, were compared. Results showed that the majority of soil nematodes were presented in the 0–20 cm soil layers in CW treatments, followed by in the 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm layers in GW treatments. Plant-feeding nametodes were the most abundant trophic groups in each treatment, where GW(91.0%) > TW(88.1%) > CW(53.5%). Generic richness(GR) was lower in the TW(16) than that in GW(23) and CW(25). The combination of enrichment index(EI) and structure index(SI) showed that the soil food web in GW was more structured, and those in TW was stressed, while the enrichment soil food web was presented in the CW treatment. Several ecological indices which reflected soil community structure, diversity, Shannon-Weaver diversity(H′), Evenness(J′), Richness(GR) and modified maturity index(MMI) were found to be effective for assessing the response of soil namatode communities to soil of saline wetland reclamation. Furthermore, saline wetland reclamation also exerted great influence on the soil physical and chemical properties(p H, Electric conductivity(EC), Total organic carbon(TOC), Total nitrogen(Total-N) and Nitrate Nitrogen(N-NO3–)). These results indicated that the wetland reclamation had significantly effects on soil nematode community structure and soil properties in this study.展开更多
Nowadays the optimal allocation of distributed generation (DG) in the distribution network becomes the popular research area in restructuring of power system. The capacitor banks introduced in the distribution network...Nowadays the optimal allocation of distributed generation (DG) in the distribution network becomes the popular research area in restructuring of power system. The capacitor banks introduced in the distribution networks for reactive power compensation also have the capacity to minimize the real and reactive power losses occurred in the system. Hence, this research integrates the allocation of renewable energy DG and capacitor banks in the radial distribution network to minimize the real power loss occurred in the system. A two-stage methodology is used for simultaneous allocation of renewable DG and capacitor banks. The optimum location of renewable energy DG and capacitor banks is determined using the distributed generation sitting index (DGSI) ranking method and the optimum sizing of DG and capacitor banks is found out for simultaneous placement using weight improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (WIPSO) and self adaptive differential evolution algorithm (SADE). This two-stage methodology reduces the burden of SADE and WIPSO algorithm, by using the DGSI index in determining the optimal location. Hence the computational time gets reduced which makes them suitable for online applications. By using the above methodology, a comprehensive performance analysis is done on IEEE 33 bus and 69 bus RDNs and the results are discussed in detail.展开更多
Big data analytics in business intelligence do not provide effective data retrieval methods and job scheduling that will cause execution inefficiency and low system throughput.This paper aims to enhance the capability...Big data analytics in business intelligence do not provide effective data retrieval methods and job scheduling that will cause execution inefficiency and low system throughput.This paper aims to enhance the capability of data retrieval and job scheduling to speed up the operation of big data analytics to overcome inefficiency and low throughput problems.First,integrating stacked sparse autoencoder and Elasticsearch indexing explored fast data searching and distributed indexing,which reduces the search scope of the database and dramatically speeds up data searching.Next,exploiting a deep neural network to predict the approximate execution time of a job gives prioritized job scheduling based on the shortest job first,which reduces the average waiting time of job execution.As a result,the proposed data retrieval approach outperforms the previous method using a deep autoencoder and Solr indexing,significantly improving the speed of data retrieval up to 53%and increasing system throughput by 53%.On the other hand,the proposed job scheduling algorithmdefeats both first-in-first-out andmemory-sensitive heterogeneous early finish time scheduling algorithms,effectively shortening the average waiting time up to 5%and average weighted turnaround time by 19%,respectively.展开更多
We demonstrate experimentally fabrication of CO2 laser written long-period fiber gratings （LPFGs） in single-mode fiber （SMF） under tension. New transmission dips can be generated due to the frozen-in stress in the...We demonstrate experimentally fabrication of CO2 laser written long-period fiber gratings （LPFGs） in single-mode fiber （SMF） under tension. New transmission dips can be generated due to the frozen-in stress in the fiber under tension. Dynamics analysis of laser writing process is performed to study the mechanism of the grating inscription. Experimental results show that the wavelength shift of new generated resonance dips can shift towards the longer or shorter wavelength with the increase of laser scanning cycles for gratings with different pitches.展开更多
A new method of image processing of corona virus based on two and multiple beam interference is suggested. The method is based on measuring the fringe shift with respect to the background interference pattern. The int...A new method of image processing of corona virus based on two and multiple beam interference is suggested. The method is based on measuring the fringe shift with respect to the background interference pattern. The interested application of the corona virus image in confocal microscopy is getting depth information since it has the property of optical sectioning. An accurate measurement of the fringe shift is obtained using multiple beam interference since contrast is higher than that for two beam interference. The refractive index of the corona virus image is deduced from the fringe shift. A MATLAB code is used for the processing of all images.展开更多
Terrain is an important environment factor that plays a vital role in human development by influencing the spatial layout of land use patterns. The terrain niche index, combined with slope and elevation, can comprehen...Terrain is an important environment factor that plays a vital role in human development by influencing the spatial layout of land use patterns. The terrain niche index, combined with slope and elevation, can comprehensively present detailed information about spatial differences in terrain and is superior to single terrain factors. We applied remote sensing and geographical information system to terrain gradient, used the non-dimensional distribution index to examine spatial distribution characteristics of various landscape types, and analyzed the ecological effects of landscape were quantitatively on terrain gradients. Eco-environment quality (EEQ) was evaluated using the forestry operation area as the evaluation unit. The spatial distributions in various landscapes were significantly influenced by terrain factors, especially by bodies of water, cropland and residential land. The spatial distribution varied greatly in different terrain gradients for similar landscape types. The areas associated with good, intermediate and poor EEQ were occupied primarily by natural landscape, semi-natural and largely artificial landscapes, respectively.展开更多
The release technique,affecting the survival rate of fish species released for stock enhancement,plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the enhancement.In order to improve the probability of released fish settling...The release technique,affecting the survival rate of fish species released for stock enhancement,plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the enhancement.In order to improve the probability of released fish settling down to bottom,a new cage-based release technique was designed and tested via a water tank with artificial reef models.Two coral reef fish species,Sebastes schlegelii and Paralichthys olivaceus were assessed using this technique.Fish behavior and distribution in water tank were recorded and compared with the traditional release release techniques.Results showed that in the case of cage-based release technique:1)when the release process is just finished,the distribution index(DI)of juveniles S.schlegelii and P.olivaceus were 97.8%and 98.9%at reef area,40%and 71.1%at release point,respectively,which was higher than those using two alternative techniques;2)its impact duration was less than that in the other two conditions,where the DI within 4 hours was higher after releasing,especially for S.schiegelii.These findings indicated that the new cage-based technique could release the fish into the specified location,and has a potential to mitigate the stress reaction of fish caused by releasing process.展开更多
Based on the properties of wideband source’s spatial spread,an algorithm for reverberation suppression in beams domain is proposed.In an effective observation range,a compact bank of receiving spatial beams is operat...Based on the properties of wideband source’s spatial spread,an algorithm for reverberation suppression in beams domain is proposed.In an effective observation range,a compact bank of receiving spatial beams is operated to transform the data from element domain to beam domain.Angular Distribution Index(ADI) is obtained by comparing to a reference value which is computed by Monte Carlo Integration.ADI decreases with a stronger target echo.Hence,choosing an appropriate threshold of ADI,the target echo can be separated from reverberation by cutting off the high AD components.The filter is compatible with the procedures of beamforming and detection for the current sonar.The computation complexity of the filter is low.The relationships between ADI and frequency,bandwidth,signal-reverberation ratio,are illustrated by a simulation example.The processing results based on the lake-trial and sea-trial data show that reverberation can be significantly suppressed,and threshold choosing for wideband ADI filter is fault tolerant.展开更多
Objective To study the feasibility of the crossover trial design and the minimal imbalance index random distribution method in the clinical small-sample-size randomized controlled trial（RCT） research of thalamic pai...Objective To study the feasibility of the crossover trial design and the minimal imbalance index random distribution method in the clinical small-sample-size randomized controlled trial（RCT） research of thalamic pain treated with acupuncture under the guidance of evidence-based medicine（EBM）.Methods The crossover trial design was adopted.Eleven cases with the definite diagnosis were randomized into a program-I group（6 cases,treated with acupuncture before western medicine） and a program-II group（5 cases,treated with western medicine before acupuncture） according to the minimal imbalance index method.In the statistical analysis,the groups were named as an acupuncture group and a western medicine group separately,11 cases in each one.Acupuncture was applied to Xìmén（郄门 PC 4）,Yīnxì（阴郄 HT 6）,Xuèhǎi（血海 SP 10）,etc.In the control treatment,Carbamazepine was prescribed for oral administration.Either the duration of treatment or the wash-out period was 10 days.The visual analogue scale（VAS） was adopted for the efficacy assessment.Results The total effective was 100.0%（11/11） after treatment in either group.The remarkably effective rates were 63.6%（7/11） and 36.4%（4/11） in the acupuncture group and the western medicine group separately,without statistically significant difference in comparison.Conclusion The crossover trial design and the minimal imbalance index distribution method can accomplish RCT of the clinical acupuncture and moxibustion research with the small sample size involved.They can provide the high-quality evidences for clinical acupuncture research.Acupuncture therapy can achieve the same therapeutic effect as Carbamazepine,the common western medicine,and the efficacy of it is potentially superior to that of western medicine.展开更多
Assessment of ecological fitness of woody species across land use is critical issues in degraded land restoration.However,little is known about AGBC stored capacity,important value and distribution index of woody spec...Assessment of ecological fitness of woody species across land use is critical issues in degraded land restoration.However,little is known about AGBC stored capacity,important value and distribution index of woody species grows in exclosure and adjacent open lands.Therefore,this research is aimed to(i)analyse impact of exclosure on AGBC(ii)ecological fit species.A random sampling method was employed.Forty sample plots(50m*50m)were used.AGBC stocks(mean±SE)of woody species in adjacent open grazing and exclosure land use of GW site was 0.11±0.07 and 1.24±0.27Mg ha^(-1) respectively.While in adjacent open grazing and exclosure land use of WG site,the value was 0.27±0.03 and 2.79±0.27Mgha^(-1) respectively.In both site exclosure land uses,the proportion of rare,occasional and common woody species were better than their adjacent open grazing land.Cupressus lustanica from open grazing and Vernonia auriculifera from exclosure land use of WG as well as Croton macrostachyus from open grazing and Leucaena leucocephala fromexclosure land use of GWsite were recorded as top ecologically fit species.It is recommended to protect degraded lands via integrating ecologically adapted native species and fully used their diversity to achieve the potential benefits of land restoration.展开更多
Daily and annual average atmospheric environmental capacity coefficient(A-value) sequences for China's Mainland are calculated from hourly data recorded at 378 ground stations over 1975–2014. A-values at differen...Daily and annual average atmospheric environmental capacity coefficient(A-value) sequences for China's Mainland are calculated from hourly data recorded at 378 ground stations over 1975–2014. A-values at different recurrence intervals are calculated by fitting the sequences to Pearson type III distribution curves. Based on these A-values and source-sink balance(reference concentration 100 μg m^(-3)), atmospheric environmental capacities at the recurrence intervals are calculated for all of China's Mainland and each provincial administrative region. The climate average atmospheric environmental capacity reference value for the entire mainland is 2.169×10~7 t yr^(-1). An urban atmospheric load index is defined for analyses of the impact of population density on the urban atmospheric environment. Analyses suggest that this index is also useful for differentiating whether air quality changes are attributable to varying meteorological conditions or variations of artificial emission rate.Equations guiding the control of unorganized emission sources are derived for preventing air quality deterioration during urban expansion and population concentration.展开更多
The integrable nonlocal Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel(LPD) equation which has the higher-order terms(dispersions and nonlinear effects) is first introduced. We demonstrate the integrability of the nonlocal LPD equatio...The integrable nonlocal Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel(LPD) equation which has the higher-order terms(dispersions and nonlinear effects) is first introduced. We demonstrate the integrability of the nonlocal LPD equation,provide its Lax pair, and present its rational soliton solutions and self-potential function by using the degenerate Darboux transformation. From the numerical plots of solutions, the compression effects of the real refractive index profile and the gain-or-loss distribution produced by δ are discussed.展开更多
基金a part of the Project on "Building Effective Water Governance in the Asian Highlands" supported by Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC)National Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 31270524the CGIAR research programs on ‘Climate change adaptation and mitigation’ (CRP6.4)
文摘Climatic extremes such as drought have becoming a severe climate-related problem in many regions all over the world that can induce anomalies in vegetation condition. Growth and CO2 uptake by plants are constrained to a large extent by drought.Therefore, it is important to understand the spatial and temporal responses of vegetation to drought across the various land cover types and different regions. Leaf area index(LAI) derived from Global Land Surface Satellite(GLASS) data was used to evaluate the response of vegetation to drought occurrence across Yunnan Province, China(2001-2010). The meteorological drought was assessed based on Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)values. Pearson's correlation coefficients between LAI and SPI were examined across several timescales within six sub-regions of the Yunnan. Further, the drought-prone area was identified based on LAI anomaly values. Lag and cumulative effects of lack of precipitation on vegetation were evident, with significant correlations found using 3-, 6-, 9-and 12-month timescale. We found 9-month timescale has higher correlations compared to another timescale.Approximately 29.4% of Yunnan's area was classified as drought-prone area, based on the LAI anomaly values. Most of this drought-prone area was distributed in the mountainous region of Yunnan.From the research, it is evident that GLASS LAI can be effectively used as an indicator for assessing drought conditions and it provide valuable information for drought risk defense and preparedness.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51178348)
文摘A method was developed to make a quantitative analysis of the microstructure of asphalt modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene block（SBS） copolymer. Moreover, both mixed and branched SBS were employed in the preparation of modified asphalt. By sampling specimens from the top, middle, and bottom, a number of microscope slides were made and 400 times micro images were gained. Binarized with the software of MATLAB, the images then went to the process of distribution test, when four typical distributions were employed to investigate the distribution of modifi er spread in asphalt. The distribution characteristic and its parameter were both found. The results show that asphalt phase clearly obeys Poisson distribution, and its parameter, λ, is bond up with the condition SBS performs in. Based on this parameter, indexes can be set up to evaluate the structure of the mixture and its performance as well. Compared with that modifi ed with mixed SBS, the asphalt modifi ed with branched SBS has better performance but worse stability, for it is easier to segregate.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41661088)Project for Guizhou Province"High-level Innovative Talent Training Program‘Hundred’Level Talents"(QKHPTRC[2016]5674)Guizhou Science and Technology Plan Project(QKHZC[2023]GENERAL211).
文摘[Objective]The ecological vulnerability and landscape ecological risk of karst mountainous areas have increased as a result of enhanced disturbance of natural resources by human activities.This paper aimed to explore the characteristics of ecological risk evolution under different landscape patterns in the region,with a view to providing reference for land classification protection,sustainable use of resources and regional ecological risk optimization in karst mountainous areas.[Method]Taking Huangping County,a typical karst mountainous area,as an example,eight evaluation factors of natural and landscape patterns were selected to construct a landscape ecological risk evaluation model,to quantitatively explore the spatio-temporal evolution of landscape ecological risk and the trend of risk level transfer in the study area from^(2)010-2018,and to reveal the complex relationship between ecological risk and topography in karst mountainous areas.[Result]①From 2010 to 2018,land use types changed to different degrees,with the most amount of woodland transferred out(1627.37 hm^(2))and the most amount of construction land transferred in(1303.93 hm^(2));a total of 3552.31 hm^(2) of land was transferred,with a change ratio of 2.13%,and there was a significant conversion between construction land,arable land,and woodland.②From 2010 to 2018,the landscape ecological risk in the study area changed significantly,and the landscape ecological risk index decreased from 0.3441 to 0.1733,showing an upward and then downward trend;the landscape ecological risk of the whole region was dominated by low-risk and lower-risk zones,and the ecological risk level generally shifted from a high level to a low level,and the ecological environment was improved.③There was a negative correlation between ecological risk and topographic position,and high-risk zones were mainly distributed among low topographic zones;with the change of time,the advantage of risk level for the selection of topography was gradually weakened,and the influence of anthropogenic factors on the ecological risk of the landscape was becoming more and more prominent.[Conclusion]This paper can provide theoretical basis for land use optimization and ecological protection in karst mountainous areas.
基金Projects(61363021,61540061,61663047)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2017SE206)supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory in Software Engineering of Yunnan Province,China
文摘Due to the increasing number of cloud applications,the amount of data in the cloud shows signs of growing faster than ever before.The nature of cloud computing requires cloud data processing systems that can handle huge volumes of data and have high performance.However,most cloud storage systems currently adopt a hash-like approach to retrieving data that only supports simple keyword-based enquiries,but lacks various forms of information search.Therefore,a scalable and efficient indexing scheme is clearly required.In this paper,we present a skip list-based cloud index,called SLC-index,which is a novel,scalable skip list-based indexing for cloud data processing.The SLC-index offers a two-layered architecture for extending indexing scope and facilitating better throughput.Dynamic load-balancing for the SLC-index is achieved by online migration of index nodes between servers.Furthermore,it is a flexible system due to its dynamic addition and removal of servers.The SLC-index is efficient for both point and range queries.Experimental results show the efficiency of the SLC-index and its usefulness as an alternative approach for cloud-suitable data structures.
文摘Drill machines used in surface mines, particularly in coal, is characterized by a very poor utilization （around 40%） and low availability （around 60%）. The main purpose of this study is to develop a drill selec- tion methodology and simultaneously a performance evaluation technique based on drill cuttings produced and drilling rate achieved. In all 28 blast drilled through were investigated. The drilling was accomplished by 5 different drill machines of Ingersoll-Rand and Revathi working in coal mines of Sonepur Bazari （SECL） and Block-II （BCCL）. The drills are Rotary and Rotary Percussive type using tri- cone rock roller bits. Drill cuttings were collected and sieve analysis was done in the laboratory. Using Rosin Ramler Diagram, coarseness index （CI）, mean chip size （d）, specific-st trace area （SSA） and charac- teristic particle size distribution curves for all the holes drilled were plotted. The predictor equation for drill penetration rate established through multiple regressions was found to have a very good correlation with an index of determination of 0.85. A comparative analysis of particle size distribution curves was used to evaluate the drill efficiency. The suggested approach utilises the area under the curve, after the point of trend reversal and brittleness ratio of the respective bench to arrive at drill energy utilization index （DEUI）, for mapping of drill machine to bench, The developed DEU1 can aid in selecting or mapping a right machine to right bench for achieving higher penetration rate and utilizations.
文摘After expanding the capacity by widening the trolley of the No. 3 sintering machine, severe uneven sintering occurred in the trolley＇ s lateral distribution, which affected the output and quality of sinter. In this study, the quantitative evaluation indices of the burden uniform distribution in the width direction of the sintering machine is introduced for the first time. By measuring the temperature of discharged gas, a plane temperature field is constructed. Through analyzing the temperature field and the burden layer＇ s differential thermal equilibrium, a mathematical model for evaluating the indices, which is an online reflection of the degree of uniform distribution, is built. Following the improvements in burden distribution equipment ,the optimization of the ignition system and the dynamic adjustment of the process ,the problem of uneven sintering in lateral distribution has been solved, and the quality and the yield of sinter have been improved.
基金Under the auspices of Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2009CB421302)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30670375,41201245)
文摘The first account of the effects of wetland reclamation on soil nematode assemblages were provided, three sites in Heihe River Basin of Northwest China, that is grass wetland(GW), Tamarix chinensis wetland(TW) and crop wetland(CW) treatments, were compared. Results showed that the majority of soil nematodes were presented in the 0–20 cm soil layers in CW treatments, followed by in the 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm layers in GW treatments. Plant-feeding nametodes were the most abundant trophic groups in each treatment, where GW(91.0%) > TW(88.1%) > CW(53.5%). Generic richness(GR) was lower in the TW(16) than that in GW(23) and CW(25). The combination of enrichment index(EI) and structure index(SI) showed that the soil food web in GW was more structured, and those in TW was stressed, while the enrichment soil food web was presented in the CW treatment. Several ecological indices which reflected soil community structure, diversity, Shannon-Weaver diversity(H′), Evenness(J′), Richness(GR) and modified maturity index(MMI) were found to be effective for assessing the response of soil namatode communities to soil of saline wetland reclamation. Furthermore, saline wetland reclamation also exerted great influence on the soil physical and chemical properties(p H, Electric conductivity(EC), Total organic carbon(TOC), Total nitrogen(Total-N) and Nitrate Nitrogen(N-NO3–)). These results indicated that the wetland reclamation had significantly effects on soil nematode community structure and soil properties in this study.
文摘Nowadays the optimal allocation of distributed generation (DG) in the distribution network becomes the popular research area in restructuring of power system. The capacitor banks introduced in the distribution networks for reactive power compensation also have the capacity to minimize the real and reactive power losses occurred in the system. Hence, this research integrates the allocation of renewable energy DG and capacitor banks in the radial distribution network to minimize the real power loss occurred in the system. A two-stage methodology is used for simultaneous allocation of renewable DG and capacitor banks. The optimum location of renewable energy DG and capacitor banks is determined using the distributed generation sitting index (DGSI) ranking method and the optimum sizing of DG and capacitor banks is found out for simultaneous placement using weight improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (WIPSO) and self adaptive differential evolution algorithm (SADE). This two-stage methodology reduces the burden of SADE and WIPSO algorithm, by using the DGSI index in determining the optimal location. Hence the computational time gets reduced which makes them suitable for online applications. By using the above methodology, a comprehensive performance analysis is done on IEEE 33 bus and 69 bus RDNs and the results are discussed in detail.
基金supported and granted by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan(MOST110-2622-E-390-001 and MOST109-2622-E-390-002-CC3).
文摘Big data analytics in business intelligence do not provide effective data retrieval methods and job scheduling that will cause execution inefficiency and low system throughput.This paper aims to enhance the capability of data retrieval and job scheduling to speed up the operation of big data analytics to overcome inefficiency and low throughput problems.First,integrating stacked sparse autoencoder and Elasticsearch indexing explored fast data searching and distributed indexing,which reduces the search scope of the database and dramatically speeds up data searching.Next,exploiting a deep neural network to predict the approximate execution time of a job gives prioritized job scheduling based on the shortest job first,which reduces the average waiting time of job execution.As a result,the proposed data retrieval approach outperforms the previous method using a deep autoencoder and Solr indexing,significantly improving the speed of data retrieval up to 53%and increasing system throughput by 53%.On the other hand,the proposed job scheduling algorithmdefeats both first-in-first-out andmemory-sensitive heterogeneous early finish time scheduling algorithms,effectively shortening the average waiting time up to 5%and average weighted turnaround time by 19%,respectively.
基金Project supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Program (Grant No.09PJ1404600)the New Century Excellent Talents in University, Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.NCET-10-0082)+1 种基金the Shanghai Shuguang Program (Grant No.08SG40)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.S30108)
文摘We demonstrate experimentally fabrication of CO2 laser written long-period fiber gratings （LPFGs） in single-mode fiber （SMF） under tension. New transmission dips can be generated due to the frozen-in stress in the fiber under tension. Dynamics analysis of laser writing process is performed to study the mechanism of the grating inscription. Experimental results show that the wavelength shift of new generated resonance dips can shift towards the longer or shorter wavelength with the increase of laser scanning cycles for gratings with different pitches.
文摘A new method of image processing of corona virus based on two and multiple beam interference is suggested. The method is based on measuring the fringe shift with respect to the background interference pattern. The interested application of the corona virus image in confocal microscopy is getting depth information since it has the property of optical sectioning. An accurate measurement of the fringe shift is obtained using multiple beam interference since contrast is higher than that for two beam interference. The refractive index of the corona virus image is deduced from the fringe shift. A MATLAB code is used for the processing of all images.
基金supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program 863(Grant No.2012AA102001)Natural Scientific Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.D201410)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province Department Education Commission(Grant No.12531513)
文摘Terrain is an important environment factor that plays a vital role in human development by influencing the spatial layout of land use patterns. The terrain niche index, combined with slope and elevation, can comprehensively present detailed information about spatial differences in terrain and is superior to single terrain factors. We applied remote sensing and geographical information system to terrain gradient, used the non-dimensional distribution index to examine spatial distribution characteristics of various landscape types, and analyzed the ecological effects of landscape were quantitatively on terrain gradients. Eco-environment quality (EEQ) was evaluated using the forestry operation area as the evaluation unit. The spatial distributions in various landscapes were significantly influenced by terrain factors, especially by bodies of water, cropland and residential land. The spatial distribution varied greatly in different terrain gradients for similar landscape types. The areas associated with good, intermediate and poor EEQ were occupied primarily by natural landscape, semi-natural and largely artificial landscapes, respectively.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41501560,41606110)the Young Orient Scholars Programme of Shanghai(No.QD2017038)the Shanghai Special Research Fund for Training College’s Young Teachers(No.ZZSHOU 18025).
文摘The release technique,affecting the survival rate of fish species released for stock enhancement,plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the enhancement.In order to improve the probability of released fish settling down to bottom,a new cage-based release technique was designed and tested via a water tank with artificial reef models.Two coral reef fish species,Sebastes schlegelii and Paralichthys olivaceus were assessed using this technique.Fish behavior and distribution in water tank were recorded and compared with the traditional release release techniques.Results showed that in the case of cage-based release technique:1)when the release process is just finished,the distribution index(DI)of juveniles S.schlegelii and P.olivaceus were 97.8%and 98.9%at reef area,40%and 71.1%at release point,respectively,which was higher than those using two alternative techniques;2)its impact duration was less than that in the other two conditions,where the DI within 4 hours was higher after releasing,especially for S.schiegelii.These findings indicated that the new cage-based technique could release the fish into the specified location,and has a potential to mitigate the stress reaction of fish caused by releasing process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61302169)
文摘Based on the properties of wideband source’s spatial spread,an algorithm for reverberation suppression in beams domain is proposed.In an effective observation range,a compact bank of receiving spatial beams is operated to transform the data from element domain to beam domain.Angular Distribution Index(ADI) is obtained by comparing to a reference value which is computed by Monte Carlo Integration.ADI decreases with a stronger target echo.Hence,choosing an appropriate threshold of ADI,the target echo can be separated from reverberation by cutting off the high AD components.The filter is compatible with the procedures of beamforming and detection for the current sonar.The computation complexity of the filter is low.The relationships between ADI and frequency,bandwidth,signal-reverberation ratio,are illustrated by a simulation example.The processing results based on the lake-trial and sea-trial data show that reverberation can be significantly suppressed,and threshold choosing for wideband ADI filter is fault tolerant.
基金Supported by research project of "Innovation Engineering" of The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM:Academy 0804
文摘Objective To study the feasibility of the crossover trial design and the minimal imbalance index random distribution method in the clinical small-sample-size randomized controlled trial（RCT） research of thalamic pain treated with acupuncture under the guidance of evidence-based medicine（EBM）.Methods The crossover trial design was adopted.Eleven cases with the definite diagnosis were randomized into a program-I group（6 cases,treated with acupuncture before western medicine） and a program-II group（5 cases,treated with western medicine before acupuncture） according to the minimal imbalance index method.In the statistical analysis,the groups were named as an acupuncture group and a western medicine group separately,11 cases in each one.Acupuncture was applied to Xìmén（郄门 PC 4）,Yīnxì（阴郄 HT 6）,Xuèhǎi（血海 SP 10）,etc.In the control treatment,Carbamazepine was prescribed for oral administration.Either the duration of treatment or the wash-out period was 10 days.The visual analogue scale（VAS） was adopted for the efficacy assessment.Results The total effective was 100.0%（11/11） after treatment in either group.The remarkably effective rates were 63.6%（7/11） and 36.4%（4/11） in the acupuncture group and the western medicine group separately,without statistically significant difference in comparison.Conclusion The crossover trial design and the minimal imbalance index distribution method can accomplish RCT of the clinical acupuncture and moxibustion research with the small sample size involved.They can provide the high-quality evidences for clinical acupuncture research.Acupuncture therapy can achieve the same therapeutic effect as Carbamazepine,the common western medicine,and the efficacy of it is potentially superior to that of western medicine.
基金The first author acknowledges the financial support by Federal Democratic Republic of EthiopiaCommission of Environment,Forest and Climate changeEthiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute.
文摘Assessment of ecological fitness of woody species across land use is critical issues in degraded land restoration.However,little is known about AGBC stored capacity,important value and distribution index of woody species grows in exclosure and adjacent open lands.Therefore,this research is aimed to(i)analyse impact of exclosure on AGBC(ii)ecological fit species.A random sampling method was employed.Forty sample plots(50m*50m)were used.AGBC stocks(mean±SE)of woody species in adjacent open grazing and exclosure land use of GW site was 0.11±0.07 and 1.24±0.27Mg ha^(-1) respectively.While in adjacent open grazing and exclosure land use of WG site,the value was 0.27±0.03 and 2.79±0.27Mgha^(-1) respectively.In both site exclosure land uses,the proportion of rare,occasional and common woody species were better than their adjacent open grazing land.Cupressus lustanica from open grazing and Vernonia auriculifera from exclosure land use of WG as well as Croton macrostachyus from open grazing and Leucaena leucocephala fromexclosure land use of GWsite were recorded as top ecologically fit species.It is recommended to protect degraded lands via integrating ecologically adapted native species and fully used their diversity to achieve the potential benefits of land restoration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41405136)
文摘Daily and annual average atmospheric environmental capacity coefficient(A-value) sequences for China's Mainland are calculated from hourly data recorded at 378 ground stations over 1975–2014. A-values at different recurrence intervals are calculated by fitting the sequences to Pearson type III distribution curves. Based on these A-values and source-sink balance(reference concentration 100 μg m^(-3)), atmospheric environmental capacities at the recurrence intervals are calculated for all of China's Mainland and each provincial administrative region. The climate average atmospheric environmental capacity reference value for the entire mainland is 2.169×10~7 t yr^(-1). An urban atmospheric load index is defined for analyses of the impact of population density on the urban atmospheric environment. Analyses suggest that this index is also useful for differentiating whether air quality changes are attributable to varying meteorological conditions or variations of artificial emission rate.Equations guiding the control of unorganized emission sources are derived for preventing air quality deterioration during urban expansion and population concentration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11271210the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘The integrable nonlocal Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel(LPD) equation which has the higher-order terms(dispersions and nonlinear effects) is first introduced. We demonstrate the integrability of the nonlocal LPD equation,provide its Lax pair, and present its rational soliton solutions and self-potential function by using the degenerate Darboux transformation. From the numerical plots of solutions, the compression effects of the real refractive index profile and the gain-or-loss distribution produced by δ are discussed.
