The development and wide application of genetic transformation for cotton improvement are restrained by the unresolved problem of genotype dependence in regeneration in vitro.High embryogenic and regenerative potentia...The development and wide application of genetic transformation for cotton improvement are restrained by the unresolved problem of genotype dependence in regeneration in vitro.High embryogenic and regenerative potential have been obtained for limited number of Coker type genotypes。展开更多
AIM: To analyze the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes CYP2E1, GSTM1 andKazakh's esophageal squamous cell cancer in China.METHODS: The genotypes of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 2E1 and gl...AIM: To analyze the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes CYP2E1, GSTM1 andKazakh's esophageal squamous cell cancer in China.METHODS: The genotypes of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 2E1 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) following PCR in 104 Kazakh's patients with esophageal cancer (EC) and 104 non-cancer controls.RESULTS: The frequency of CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotype was significantly higher in patients with cancer (77.9%) thanin control subjects (24.0%) (P＜0.05; OR, 11.13; 95%CI,5.84-21.22). The difference of GSTM1 null was significantly more frequent in the cancer (34.6%) vsthe control group (3.8%) (P＜0.05; OR, 13.24; 95%CI, 4.50-38.89). On the other hand, the combination of GSTM1 presence and CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotypes increased the risk for cancer (P＜0.05;OR, 13.42; 95%CI, 6.29-28.3).CONCLUSION: The CYP2E1 c1/c1, GSTM1 deletion genotypes are genetically susceptible biomarkers for ESCC in Kazakh population. Individuals with allele c1 of RsaI polymorphic locus for CYP2E1 may increase the risk of ESCC. Moreover, CYP2E1 wild type (c1/c1) increased thesusceptibility to ESCC risk in Kazakh individuals with GSTM1 presence genotype.展开更多
This study was aimed to screen human papillomavirus(HPV) types associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of Kazakh in Xinjiang using the gene chip technique and study the clinical significance of this applica...This study was aimed to screen human papillomavirus(HPV) types associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of Kazakh in Xinjiang using the gene chip technique and study the clinical significance of this application. The DNAs were collected from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and healthy esophageal mucosa of Kazakh adults in Xinjiang, and amplified firstly using HPV MY09/11 and then using HPV G5+/6+ to screen positive HPV specimens. These positive specimens were further detected by the gene chip technique to screen highly pathogenic HPV types. After determination with nested PCR amplification with HPV MY09/11 and G5+/6+, the infection rate of HPV was 66.67% in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group and 12.12% in the healthy control group. By testing the positive HPV specimens from the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group, the infection rate of HPV16 was 97.72% and the co-infection rate of HPV16 and HPV18 was 2.27%. HPV16 infection may be involved in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Xinjiang Hazakh adults.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the association and interaction of genetic polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHER) and cytochrome P4502E1 (CY-P4502E1), environment risk factors with esophageal cancer (EC) in Kaz...AIM: To evaluate the association and interaction of genetic polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHER) and cytochrome P4502E1 (CY-P4502E1), environment risk factors with esophageal cancer (EC) in Kazakh, a high EC incidence area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.METHODS: A 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted with 120 cases of EC and 240 population-or hospital-based controls. The controls were matched for sex, nationality, area of residence and age within a 5-year difference. MTHER and CYP4502E1 genotypes were identified by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). A conditional logistic regression model was established to identify risk factors. The strata method was adopted in interaction analysis. RESULTS: Low consumption of green vegetables and fresh fruits, alcohol drinking, and unsafe water (shallow well, or river) were found to be the risk factors for EC. Individuals with the MTHFR677 (C/T + T/T) genotype had a 2.62-fold (95% CI: 1.61-4.28) risk of developing EC compared with those who carried the C/C genotype. Individuals with the CYP4502E1C1/C1 genotype had a 3.00-fold (95% CI: 1.82-4.96) risk compared with those who carried the CYP4502E1 (C1/C2 + C2/C2) genotype.Gene-environment interaction analysis showed that MTHFR677 gene polymorphism was correlated with consumption of green vegetables and fresh fruit, while CYP4502E1 C1/C1 was correlated with alcohol drink-ing and unsafe drinking water. MTHFR and CYP4502E1 analysis of gene-gene interaction showed that individu-als with the MTHFR677 (C/T + T/T) and CYP4502E1C1/C1 genotypes had a 7.41-fold (95% CI: 3.60-15.25) risk of developing EC compared with those who carried the MTHFR677C/C and CYP4502E1 RsaI C1/C2 + C2/C2 genes, and the interaction rate was higher than that of the two factors alone. CONCLUSION: Low consumption of green vegetables and fresh fruits, alcohol drinking, and unsafe water (shallow well, or river) and polymorphisms in MTHFR and CYP4502E1 genes are important risk factors for EC. There is a synergistic interaction among polymorphisms in MTHFR and CYP4502E1 genes and environment factors. MTHFR and CYP4502E1 genes can be used as biomarkers for prevention of EC in Kazakh, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the glutathione-S-transferase Ml (GSTM1) polymorphisms in three Chinese minorities, Kazakh, Uygur, and Tajik; and the pathological significance of GSTM1 polymorphisms in esophageal carcinogenesis i...AIM: To investigate the glutathione-S-transferase Ml (GSTM1) polymorphisms in three Chinese minorities, Kazakh, Uygur, and Tajik; and the pathological significance of GSTM1 polymorphisms in esophageal carcinogenesis in Kazakh. METHODS: A total of 1121 blood samples (442 males and 679 females) were obtained from healthy Kazakh (654), Uygur (412) and Tajik (55). Primary esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) tissues from Kazakh were obtained from 116 patients who underwent surgery. GSTM1 polymorphisms were analyzed by a combined approach of PCR and electrophoresis techniques. RESULTS: GSTM1 null genotype was found in 62.63% Uygur, 50.91% Tajik and 47.40% Kazakh. A significantly higher frequency of GSTM1 null genotype in Uygur was observed compared with Kazakh (OR: 1.859, 95% CI: 1.445 -2.391, X2 = 23.71, P = 0.000). In addition, GSTM1 null genotype was found in 23.53% of well-differentiated ESCC in Kazakh, in 49.23% of poorly differentiated ESCC, with a significant difference (OR: 3.152, 95% CI: 1.403-7.080, X2 = 8.018, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: There is a marked difference in the frequency of common GSTM1 null genotype between Uygur and Kazakh. GSTM1 null genotype is associated with differentiation of ESCC in Kazakh.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the detection rate of humanpapilloma virus (HPV) DNA in the Kazakh esophageal carcinoma(EC) patients of Xinjiang.METHODS We detected the prevalence of a HPV gene in tumortissues from 318 esoph...OBJECTIVE To investigate the detection rate of humanpapilloma virus (HPV) DNA in the Kazakh esophageal carcinoma(EC) patients of Xinjiang.METHODS We detected the prevalence of a HPV gene in tumortissues from 318 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Tumor tissues were kept in formalin and embedded in paraffin.One hundred seventeen samples used crude cell suspension, whilethe other 201 used the method of DNA extraction with phenol-Tris/chloroform. We analyzed the relevance to EC of Kazakh's inXinjiang.RESULTS In the ESCC samples of Kazakh's in Xinjiang, totaldetection rate for HPV DNA was 64.5% (205/318). The positiverate of HPV in group of crude cell suspensions was 82.9% (97/117)compared with the rate of 53.7% (108/201) in the group of DNAextraction. The results in the two groups showed significantdiffference (x^2 = 5.711, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION HPV DNA infection may be one of the mostimportant factors related to EC of Kazakh's in Xinjiang.展开更多
In order to understand the characteristics of genetic resources of Kazakh horses in Xinjiang,their body size,phenotypes and coat colors were investigated and analyzed using the methods of resources survey and body siz...In order to understand the characteristics of genetic resources of Kazakh horses in Xinjiang,their body size,phenotypes and coat colors were investigated and analyzed using the methods of resources survey and body size measurement. The results showed that the coat color of Kazakh horses in Xinjiang is very rich,covering more than 90% of the world's horse coat colors. The influencing factors of Kazakh horse body size data might include the environment and geographical distribution of Kazakh horses. The gap between Xinjiang Kazakh horse and Kazakhstan Kazakh horse was relatively large,which was related to the degree of breeding.There were some differences in the appearance of Kazakh horses between Altay and Ili regions with different ecological environment. The Kazakh horses in Altay were relatively strong in size,well developed in coat and long hair,long and dense in fuzz in winter,and rich in coat color. But the Kazakh horses in Ili were compact in size,less in coat than those in Altay,and have a single coat color.展开更多
试验旨在探究燕麦饲喂条件下断奶马驹十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物细菌丰度的变化,为通过营养方式调节肠道微生物,增强马驹肠道健康提供参考依据。选择出生日期和断奶日期相近、体重为(112.36±7.50)kg的哈萨克马公驹5匹,在相同的饲...试验旨在探究燕麦饲喂条件下断奶马驹十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物细菌丰度的变化,为通过营养方式调节肠道微生物,增强马驹肠道健康提供参考依据。选择出生日期和断奶日期相近、体重为(112.36±7.50)kg的哈萨克马公驹5匹,在相同的饲养管理和日粮营养水平条件下,进行为期60 d的饲养。于试验最后1 d进行屠宰,分别采集马驹十二指肠、空肠和回肠的内容物,利用16S r DNA高通量测序技术检测各肠段内容物细菌多样性。结果表明:(1)十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物菌群中共有OTU为1389个,特有的OTU数量分别为360、318和249个,各肠段内容物菌群的Chao1、ACE、Shannon和Simpson指数无差异显著性(P>0.05);(2)马驹各肠段内容物10大优势菌门分别为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、螺旋菌门(Spirochaetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres)、软壁菌门(Tenericutes)、Melainabacteria和蓝藻(Cyanobacteria);10大优势菌科为毛螺旋菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、链球菌科(Streptococcaceae)、未经确认的梭菌科(unidentified_Clostridiales)、瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、普雷沃氏菌科(Prevotellaceae)、巴斯德氏菌科(Pasteurellaceae)、理研菌科(Rikenellaceae)和明串珠菌科(Leuconostocaceae);10大优势菌属为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、未经确认的肠杆菌属(unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、未经确认的梭菌属(unidentified_Clostridiales)、八叠球菌属(Sarcina)、柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)、放线杆菌属(Actinobacillus)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)和未经确认的瘤胃球菌属(unidentified_Ruminococcaceae)。(3)除空肠内容物中普雷沃氏菌科高于回肠135.96%外(P<0.05),其余优势菌在门、科、属水平均无差异显著性(P>0.05)。(4)LEFSe分析中,十二指肠、空肠和回肠肠道内容物菌群之间存在显著差异的菌有11种。其中,十二指肠内容物中显著上调的菌8种,空肠内容物显著上调的菌1种,回肠内容物显著上调的菌2种;功能预测出25种功能。综上所述,燕麦饲喂条件下,断奶马驹十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物菌群多样性指数没有显著性变化;在细菌种类和相对丰度方面,排名在前的10大优势菌种类一致,但十二指肠内容物与空肠和回肠相比,存在较多的差异显著菌,且细菌功能具有区域特异性,导致各肠段微生物的功能不尽相同。展开更多
In 2017,the Republic of Kazakhstan began the phased transition of its alphabet from Cyrillic to Latin script.This transition has presented significant challenges to Kazakhstani document examiners,who have yet to devel...In 2017,the Republic of Kazakhstan began the phased transition of its alphabet from Cyrillic to Latin script.This transition has presented significant challenges to Kazakhstani document examiners,who have yet to develop appropriate methodologies for the analysis of handwriting samples written in the Kazakh language using Latin letters.This study aims to identify distinguishing macro and micro features of letters within Kazakh writing samples produced using the Latin alphabet and determine their frequencies of occurrence and discriminating power indices.Micro features were examined using the four most frequently appearing letters:“a”,“y”,“e”and“n”.A comparative analysis of tested Latin letters with those of a similar configuration in Cyrillic demonstrated differences in the number of distinguishing features,as well as in the frequency of occurrence and discriminating power indices of similar features.These results show that separate statistical bases should be used for Latin and Cyrillic letters when analysing handwriting samples based on the frequencies of occurrence of micro and macro writing features.展开更多
文摘The development and wide application of genetic transformation for cotton improvement are restrained by the unresolved problem of genotype dependence in regeneration in vitro.High embryogenic and regenerative potential have been obtained for limited number of Coker type genotypes。
基金Supported by the Xinjiang Key Lab Fund, XJDX0202-2003-05
文摘AIM: To analyze the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes CYP2E1, GSTM1 andKazakh's esophageal squamous cell cancer in China.METHODS: The genotypes of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 2E1 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) following PCR in 104 Kazakh's patients with esophageal cancer (EC) and 104 non-cancer controls.RESULTS: The frequency of CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotype was significantly higher in patients with cancer (77.9%) thanin control subjects (24.0%) (P＜0.05; OR, 11.13; 95%CI,5.84-21.22). The difference of GSTM1 null was significantly more frequent in the cancer (34.6%) vsthe control group (3.8%) (P＜0.05; OR, 13.24; 95%CI, 4.50-38.89). On the other hand, the combination of GSTM1 presence and CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotypes increased the risk for cancer (P＜0.05;OR, 13.42; 95%CI, 6.29-28.3).CONCLUSION: The CYP2E1 c1/c1, GSTM1 deletion genotypes are genetically susceptible biomarkers for ESCC in Kazakh population. Individuals with allele c1 of RsaI polymorphic locus for CYP2E1 may increase the risk of ESCC. Moreover, CYP2E1 wild type (c1/c1) increased thesusceptibility to ESCC risk in Kazakh individuals with GSTM1 presence genotype.
文摘This study was aimed to screen human papillomavirus(HPV) types associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of Kazakh in Xinjiang using the gene chip technique and study the clinical significance of this application. The DNAs were collected from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and healthy esophageal mucosa of Kazakh adults in Xinjiang, and amplified firstly using HPV MY09/11 and then using HPV G5+/6+ to screen positive HPV specimens. These positive specimens were further detected by the gene chip technique to screen highly pathogenic HPV types. After determination with nested PCR amplification with HPV MY09/11 and G5+/6+, the infection rate of HPV was 66.67% in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group and 12.12% in the healthy control group. By testing the positive HPV specimens from the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group, the infection rate of HPV16 was 97.72% and the co-infection rate of HPV16 and HPV18 was 2.27%. HPV16 infection may be involved in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Xinjiang Hazakh adults.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30660161Prophase Basic Research Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China, No. 2005CCA03700, No. 2007CB516804+1 种基金Science and Technology Research Project of Ministry of Education of China, No. 206167Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases Program of Xinjiang, No. 200416
文摘AIM: To evaluate the association and interaction of genetic polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHER) and cytochrome P4502E1 (CY-P4502E1), environment risk factors with esophageal cancer (EC) in Kazakh, a high EC incidence area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.METHODS: A 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted with 120 cases of EC and 240 population-or hospital-based controls. The controls were matched for sex, nationality, area of residence and age within a 5-year difference. MTHER and CYP4502E1 genotypes were identified by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). A conditional logistic regression model was established to identify risk factors. The strata method was adopted in interaction analysis. RESULTS: Low consumption of green vegetables and fresh fruits, alcohol drinking, and unsafe water (shallow well, or river) were found to be the risk factors for EC. Individuals with the MTHFR677 (C/T + T/T) genotype had a 2.62-fold (95% CI: 1.61-4.28) risk of developing EC compared with those who carried the C/C genotype. Individuals with the CYP4502E1C1/C1 genotype had a 3.00-fold (95% CI: 1.82-4.96) risk compared with those who carried the CYP4502E1 (C1/C2 + C2/C2) genotype.Gene-environment interaction analysis showed that MTHFR677 gene polymorphism was correlated with consumption of green vegetables and fresh fruit, while CYP4502E1 C1/C1 was correlated with alcohol drink-ing and unsafe drinking water. MTHFR and CYP4502E1 analysis of gene-gene interaction showed that individu-als with the MTHFR677 (C/T + T/T) and CYP4502E1C1/C1 genotypes had a 7.41-fold (95% CI: 3.60-15.25) risk of developing EC compared with those who carried the MTHFR677C/C and CYP4502E1 RsaI C1/C2 + C2/C2 genes, and the interaction rate was higher than that of the two factors alone. CONCLUSION: Low consumption of green vegetables and fresh fruits, alcohol drinking, and unsafe water (shallow well, or river) and polymorphisms in MTHFR and CYP4502E1 genes are important risk factors for EC. There is a synergistic interaction among polymorphisms in MTHFR and CYP4502E1 genes and environment factors. MTHFR and CYP4502E1 genes can be used as biomarkers for prevention of EC in Kazakh, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
基金Supported by a grant from the Xinjiang Science and TechnologyBureau, No. XJKJT200511113 and a grant for 100 YoungExcellent Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars Program, ChineseAcademy of Sciences
文摘AIM: To investigate the glutathione-S-transferase Ml (GSTM1) polymorphisms in three Chinese minorities, Kazakh, Uygur, and Tajik; and the pathological significance of GSTM1 polymorphisms in esophageal carcinogenesis in Kazakh. METHODS: A total of 1121 blood samples (442 males and 679 females) were obtained from healthy Kazakh (654), Uygur (412) and Tajik (55). Primary esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) tissues from Kazakh were obtained from 116 patients who underwent surgery. GSTM1 polymorphisms were analyzed by a combined approach of PCR and electrophoresis techniques. RESULTS: GSTM1 null genotype was found in 62.63% Uygur, 50.91% Tajik and 47.40% Kazakh. A significantly higher frequency of GSTM1 null genotype in Uygur was observed compared with Kazakh (OR: 1.859, 95% CI: 1.445 -2.391, X2 = 23.71, P = 0.000). In addition, GSTM1 null genotype was found in 23.53% of well-differentiated ESCC in Kazakh, in 49.23% of poorly differentiated ESCC, with a significant difference (OR: 3.152, 95% CI: 1.403-7.080, X2 = 8.018, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: There is a marked difference in the frequency of common GSTM1 null genotype between Uygur and Kazakh. GSTM1 null genotype is associated with differentiation of ESCC in Kazakh.
基金supported by grants from State Key Development Program of Basic Research of China(No.2005CCA03700/2007CB516804)Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.206167)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30660161).
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the detection rate of humanpapilloma virus (HPV) DNA in the Kazakh esophageal carcinoma(EC) patients of Xinjiang.METHODS We detected the prevalence of a HPV gene in tumortissues from 318 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Tumor tissues were kept in formalin and embedded in paraffin.One hundred seventeen samples used crude cell suspension, whilethe other 201 used the method of DNA extraction with phenol-Tris/chloroform. We analyzed the relevance to EC of Kazakh's inXinjiang.RESULTS In the ESCC samples of Kazakh's in Xinjiang, totaldetection rate for HPV DNA was 64.5% (205/318). The positiverate of HPV in group of crude cell suspensions was 82.9% (97/117)compared with the rate of 53.7% (108/201) in the group of DNAextraction. The results in the two groups showed significantdiffference (x^2 = 5.711, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION HPV DNA infection may be one of the mostimportant factors related to EC of Kazakh's in Xinjiang.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560616)International Cooperation Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2011BC007)
文摘In order to understand the characteristics of genetic resources of Kazakh horses in Xinjiang,their body size,phenotypes and coat colors were investigated and analyzed using the methods of resources survey and body size measurement. The results showed that the coat color of Kazakh horses in Xinjiang is very rich,covering more than 90% of the world's horse coat colors. The influencing factors of Kazakh horse body size data might include the environment and geographical distribution of Kazakh horses. The gap between Xinjiang Kazakh horse and Kazakhstan Kazakh horse was relatively large,which was related to the degree of breeding.There were some differences in the appearance of Kazakh horses between Altay and Ili regions with different ecological environment. The Kazakh horses in Altay were relatively strong in size,well developed in coat and long hair,long and dense in fuzz in winter,and rich in coat color. But the Kazakh horses in Ili were compact in size,less in coat than those in Altay,and have a single coat color.
文摘试验旨在探究燕麦饲喂条件下断奶马驹十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物细菌丰度的变化,为通过营养方式调节肠道微生物,增强马驹肠道健康提供参考依据。选择出生日期和断奶日期相近、体重为(112.36±7.50)kg的哈萨克马公驹5匹,在相同的饲养管理和日粮营养水平条件下,进行为期60 d的饲养。于试验最后1 d进行屠宰,分别采集马驹十二指肠、空肠和回肠的内容物,利用16S r DNA高通量测序技术检测各肠段内容物细菌多样性。结果表明:(1)十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物菌群中共有OTU为1389个,特有的OTU数量分别为360、318和249个,各肠段内容物菌群的Chao1、ACE、Shannon和Simpson指数无差异显著性(P>0.05);(2)马驹各肠段内容物10大优势菌门分别为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、螺旋菌门(Spirochaetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres)、软壁菌门(Tenericutes)、Melainabacteria和蓝藻(Cyanobacteria);10大优势菌科为毛螺旋菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、链球菌科(Streptococcaceae)、未经确认的梭菌科(unidentified_Clostridiales)、瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、普雷沃氏菌科(Prevotellaceae)、巴斯德氏菌科(Pasteurellaceae)、理研菌科(Rikenellaceae)和明串珠菌科(Leuconostocaceae);10大优势菌属为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、未经确认的肠杆菌属(unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、未经确认的梭菌属(unidentified_Clostridiales)、八叠球菌属(Sarcina)、柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)、放线杆菌属(Actinobacillus)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)和未经确认的瘤胃球菌属(unidentified_Ruminococcaceae)。(3)除空肠内容物中普雷沃氏菌科高于回肠135.96%外(P<0.05),其余优势菌在门、科、属水平均无差异显著性(P>0.05)。(4)LEFSe分析中,十二指肠、空肠和回肠肠道内容物菌群之间存在显著差异的菌有11种。其中,十二指肠内容物中显著上调的菌8种,空肠内容物显著上调的菌1种,回肠内容物显著上调的菌2种;功能预测出25种功能。综上所述,燕麦饲喂条件下,断奶马驹十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物菌群多样性指数没有显著性变化;在细菌种类和相对丰度方面,排名在前的10大优势菌种类一致,但十二指肠内容物与空肠和回肠相比,存在较多的差异显著菌,且细菌功能具有区域特异性,导致各肠段微生物的功能不尽相同。
基金This work was funded by the Kazakhstan Centre for International Programmes through the Bolashaq International Scholarship Scheme.
文摘In 2017,the Republic of Kazakhstan began the phased transition of its alphabet from Cyrillic to Latin script.This transition has presented significant challenges to Kazakhstani document examiners,who have yet to develop appropriate methodologies for the analysis of handwriting samples written in the Kazakh language using Latin letters.This study aims to identify distinguishing macro and micro features of letters within Kazakh writing samples produced using the Latin alphabet and determine their frequencies of occurrence and discriminating power indices.Micro features were examined using the four most frequently appearing letters:“a”,“y”,“e”and“n”.A comparative analysis of tested Latin letters with those of a similar configuration in Cyrillic demonstrated differences in the number of distinguishing features,as well as in the frequency of occurrence and discriminating power indices of similar features.These results show that separate statistical bases should be used for Latin and Cyrillic letters when analysing handwriting samples based on the frequencies of occurrence of micro and macro writing features.
