The rapid urbanization and population growth of Lagos City, Nigeria, have led to a significant change in land use and cover over the past two decades. The primary objective of this research was to assess the changes i...The rapid urbanization and population growth of Lagos City, Nigeria, have led to a significant change in land use and cover over the past two decades. The primary objective of this research was to assess the changes in land use and cover and forecast future trends in Lagos for the sustainable development of urbanization. The study utilized remote sensing and GIS technologies to monitor and identify the land use and cover of Lagos from 2000 to 2020. The CA Markov artificial neural network technique for cellular automata was employed to predict changes in land use and cover from 2020 to 2030. In addition, the post-classification comparison method was used to detect changes in classified classes in land use and cover. The study classified satellite images for 2000, 2010, and 2020 to develop land use and cover maps using ERDAS Imagine. The classification was based on six categories, namely 1) water bodies, 2) built-up, 3) bare land, 4) forest, 5) vegetation, and 6) wetlands. The results showed that: 1) the vegetation cover, wetlands, built-up areas, forests, and bare land have undergone significant changes over the past two decades. Built-up areas, wetlands, and forests have increased by 33.57%, 1.01%, and 21.37%, respectively, while vegetation, bare land, and water have decreased by 21.77%, 5.14%, and 17.13%, respectively. 2) Moreover, during 2020-2030, it is projected that 19.18% of forests and 16% of vegetation will decline, while 5.27% of barren land, 0.82% of wetlands, and 15.83% of water will increase. The urban area will be expanded by 42.44%. 3) The simulated results showed that the correction percentage was 82.43%, and the global kappa value was 0.85. The study found that the expansion of urban built-up areas due to population growth was the primary driver of the changes in land use and cover in Lagos. This research provides crucial insights that contribute to sustainable planning and management and helps us better understand the changes in land use and cover in Lagos.展开更多
In this project, we studied land use and land cover classification of Nirmal Mandal, Adilabad district, Telenagna state by using Geographical Information system and Remote sensing techniques. LISS-IV satellite image r...In this project, we studied land use and land cover classification of Nirmal Mandal, Adilabad district, Telenagna state by using Geographical Information system and Remote sensing techniques. LISS-IV satellite image resolution 5 m × 5 m provides quality information for identification of Land use/Land cover characteristics. The image accuracy shows 45.70% of Agricultural land, 9.10% Built-up land, Forest area is 7.90%, Barren land have 7.60% and Uncultivated land occupied 29.70%. National land use and land cover mapping report based on 5 divisions classified in the study area. The area land use and land cover classification provide reliable data to understand land, water, soil, forests, urban sprawl. This socio economic survey significantly shows the changes that so far have taken place. This will help the people/farmers for the future land use and land cover change detection. Regular monitoring of agriculture, forest and greening efforts for plantation at suitable area, schemes and limitations. Free ware browsing of land cover gives sufficient development to plenty resource.展开更多
A ternary solid complex Lu(Et2dtc)3(phen) has been obtained from the reaction of hydrated lutetium chloride with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaEt2dtc), and 1,10-phenanthroline (o-phen·H2O) in absolute ethanol....A ternary solid complex Lu(Et2dtc)3(phen) has been obtained from the reaction of hydrated lutetium chloride with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaEt2dtc), and 1,10-phenanthroline (o-phen·H2O) in absolute ethanol. IR spectrum of the complex indicates that Lu3+ binds with sulfur atom in the Na(Et2dtc)3 and nitrogen atom in the o-phen. The enthalpy change of liquid-phase reaction of formation of the complex, △CHM- (l), was determined to be (-32.821 ± 0.147 ) kJ·mol-1 at 298.15 K by an RD-496 Ⅲ type heat conduction microcalormeter. The enthalpy change of the solid-phase reaction of formation of the complex, △CHM- (s), was calculated to be (104.160 ± 0.168) kJ · mol-1 on the basis of an appropriate thermochemistry cycle. The thermodynamics of liquid-phase reaction of formation of the complex was investigated by changing the temperature of liquid-phase reaction. Fundamental parameters, such as the activation enthalpy (△HM-), the activation entropy (?驻SM-), the activation free energy (△GM-), the apparent reaction rate constant (k), the apparent activation energy (E), the pre-exponential constant (A) and the reaction order (n), were obtained by combination the reaction thermodynamic and kinetic equations with the data of thermokinetic experiments. The molar heat capacity of the complex, cm, was determined to be (82.23 ± 1.47) J·mol-1·K-1 by the same microcalormeter. The constant-volume combustion energy of the complex, ΔcU, was determined as (-17 898.228 ± 8.59) kJ·mol-1 by an RBC-Ⅱtype rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. Its standard enthalpy of combustion, △CHM-, and standard enthalpy of formation, △CHM-, were calculated to be (-17 917.43 ± 8.11) kJ·mol-1 and (-859.95 ±10.12) kJ·mol-1, respectively.展开更多
This paper studied the change in soil animal community in contaminated and irrigated area by organophosphorus pesticide waste water and its mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the species and quantities o...This paper studied the change in soil animal community in contaminated and irrigated area by organophosphorus pesticide waste water and its mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the species and quantities of soil animals decreased with organophosphorus pesticide pollution degree increasing. The species of soil animals decreased with average and rare population mainly decreasing, while the amount change was associated with that of the dominant population of Acarina, Collembola and Nematoda. Toxicity experiment demonstrated that the respiration intensity of soil animal was restrained obviously by pesticide pollution. After observation of SEM, the effect of pesticide pollution on the earthworm (\%Pheretima robusta)\% stomach intestinal mucosa damage has been observed, which showed the pesticide contamination may damage the earthworms bodies. Ulcerous focus and perforation on stomach mucosa were usually seen. The stomach microvilli appeared atrophic and disordered especially in the bodies of these earthworms growing in seriously polluted soil, bad atrophic phenomena were seen not only on the stomach mucosa microvilli but also on the cilia of the intestinal mucosa which appeared swollen as a spheroid. Under TEM, RER and Golgi compound dilatation, chondrisome swell and ridge disappearance were observed on cells of stomach epithelium mucosa of \%P.robusta\% collected from heavy polluted area. By calculation, the safety concentration of earthworm in methamidophos pesticide is 0\^2517 ml/L.展开更多
Flavonoids are a large group of phenolic secondary metabolites havinga wide range of biochemical and pharmacological effects.Quantitative analysis of flavonoid profiles in the genus Actinidia,which has not been intens...Flavonoids are a large group of phenolic secondary metabolites havinga wide range of biochemical and pharmacological effects.Quantitative analysis of flavonoid profiles in the genus Actinidia,which has not been intensively conducted,is useful to a better understanding of the pattern and distribution of flavonoids.In the present work,a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS)method was developed to profile the flavonoids,which was then used to determine the dynamic change of 17 biologically active flavonoids in the leaves of Actinidia valvata at the main growing stages,including glucuronides and acylated di-and triglycosides of flavonoids.The contents of flavonoid triglycosides were significantly higher than other flavonoids.The highest concentrations of kaemperol glycosides were observed in June,while other flavonoids showed highest concentrations in October.On the other hand,the contents of four isorhamnetin glycosides were increased sharply in September to October.The flavonoid profiles seem to be related to temperature,UV-B,and water deficit.Further studies are required to examine the functions of flavonoids in the Actinidia valvata and the underlying molecular mechanisms of actions.展开更多
文摘The rapid urbanization and population growth of Lagos City, Nigeria, have led to a significant change in land use and cover over the past two decades. The primary objective of this research was to assess the changes in land use and cover and forecast future trends in Lagos for the sustainable development of urbanization. The study utilized remote sensing and GIS technologies to monitor and identify the land use and cover of Lagos from 2000 to 2020. The CA Markov artificial neural network technique for cellular automata was employed to predict changes in land use and cover from 2020 to 2030. In addition, the post-classification comparison method was used to detect changes in classified classes in land use and cover. The study classified satellite images for 2000, 2010, and 2020 to develop land use and cover maps using ERDAS Imagine. The classification was based on six categories, namely 1) water bodies, 2) built-up, 3) bare land, 4) forest, 5) vegetation, and 6) wetlands. The results showed that: 1) the vegetation cover, wetlands, built-up areas, forests, and bare land have undergone significant changes over the past two decades. Built-up areas, wetlands, and forests have increased by 33.57%, 1.01%, and 21.37%, respectively, while vegetation, bare land, and water have decreased by 21.77%, 5.14%, and 17.13%, respectively. 2) Moreover, during 2020-2030, it is projected that 19.18% of forests and 16% of vegetation will decline, while 5.27% of barren land, 0.82% of wetlands, and 15.83% of water will increase. The urban area will be expanded by 42.44%. 3) The simulated results showed that the correction percentage was 82.43%, and the global kappa value was 0.85. The study found that the expansion of urban built-up areas due to population growth was the primary driver of the changes in land use and cover in Lagos. This research provides crucial insights that contribute to sustainable planning and management and helps us better understand the changes in land use and cover in Lagos.
文摘In this project, we studied land use and land cover classification of Nirmal Mandal, Adilabad district, Telenagna state by using Geographical Information system and Remote sensing techniques. LISS-IV satellite image resolution 5 m × 5 m provides quality information for identification of Land use/Land cover characteristics. The image accuracy shows 45.70% of Agricultural land, 9.10% Built-up land, Forest area is 7.90%, Barren land have 7.60% and Uncultivated land occupied 29.70%. National land use and land cover mapping report based on 5 divisions classified in the study area. The area land use and land cover classification provide reliable data to understand land, water, soil, forests, urban sprawl. This socio economic survey significantly shows the changes that so far have taken place. This will help the people/farmers for the future land use and land cover change detection. Regular monitoring of agriculture, forest and greening efforts for plantation at suitable area, schemes and limitations. Free ware browsing of land cover gives sufficient development to plenty resource.
文摘A ternary solid complex Lu(Et2dtc)3(phen) has been obtained from the reaction of hydrated lutetium chloride with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaEt2dtc), and 1,10-phenanthroline (o-phen·H2O) in absolute ethanol. IR spectrum of the complex indicates that Lu3+ binds with sulfur atom in the Na(Et2dtc)3 and nitrogen atom in the o-phen. The enthalpy change of liquid-phase reaction of formation of the complex, △CHM- (l), was determined to be (-32.821 ± 0.147 ) kJ·mol-1 at 298.15 K by an RD-496 Ⅲ type heat conduction microcalormeter. The enthalpy change of the solid-phase reaction of formation of the complex, △CHM- (s), was calculated to be (104.160 ± 0.168) kJ · mol-1 on the basis of an appropriate thermochemistry cycle. The thermodynamics of liquid-phase reaction of formation of the complex was investigated by changing the temperature of liquid-phase reaction. Fundamental parameters, such as the activation enthalpy (△HM-), the activation entropy (?驻SM-), the activation free energy (△GM-), the apparent reaction rate constant (k), the apparent activation energy (E), the pre-exponential constant (A) and the reaction order (n), were obtained by combination the reaction thermodynamic and kinetic equations with the data of thermokinetic experiments. The molar heat capacity of the complex, cm, was determined to be (82.23 ± 1.47) J·mol-1·K-1 by the same microcalormeter. The constant-volume combustion energy of the complex, ΔcU, was determined as (-17 898.228 ± 8.59) kJ·mol-1 by an RBC-Ⅱtype rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. Its standard enthalpy of combustion, △CHM-, and standard enthalpy of formation, △CHM-, were calculated to be (-17 917.43 ± 8.11) kJ·mol-1 and (-859.95 ±10.12) kJ·mol-1, respectively.
文摘This paper studied the change in soil animal community in contaminated and irrigated area by organophosphorus pesticide waste water and its mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the species and quantities of soil animals decreased with organophosphorus pesticide pollution degree increasing. The species of soil animals decreased with average and rare population mainly decreasing, while the amount change was associated with that of the dominant population of Acarina, Collembola and Nematoda. Toxicity experiment demonstrated that the respiration intensity of soil animal was restrained obviously by pesticide pollution. After observation of SEM, the effect of pesticide pollution on the earthworm (\%Pheretima robusta)\% stomach intestinal mucosa damage has been observed, which showed the pesticide contamination may damage the earthworms bodies. Ulcerous focus and perforation on stomach mucosa were usually seen. The stomach microvilli appeared atrophic and disordered especially in the bodies of these earthworms growing in seriously polluted soil, bad atrophic phenomena were seen not only on the stomach mucosa microvilli but also on the cilia of the intestinal mucosa which appeared swollen as a spheroid. Under TEM, RER and Golgi compound dilatation, chondrisome swell and ridge disappearance were observed on cells of stomach epithelium mucosa of \%P.robusta\% collected from heavy polluted area. By calculation, the safety concentration of earthworm in methamidophos pesticide is 0\^2517 ml/L.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81102336 and U1203104)Special Project of Biological Medicine of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.10431900500)
文摘Flavonoids are a large group of phenolic secondary metabolites havinga wide range of biochemical and pharmacological effects.Quantitative analysis of flavonoid profiles in the genus Actinidia,which has not been intensively conducted,is useful to a better understanding of the pattern and distribution of flavonoids.In the present work,a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS)method was developed to profile the flavonoids,which was then used to determine the dynamic change of 17 biologically active flavonoids in the leaves of Actinidia valvata at the main growing stages,including glucuronides and acylated di-and triglycosides of flavonoids.The contents of flavonoid triglycosides were significantly higher than other flavonoids.The highest concentrations of kaemperol glycosides were observed in June,while other flavonoids showed highest concentrations in October.On the other hand,the contents of four isorhamnetin glycosides were increased sharply in September to October.The flavonoid profiles seem to be related to temperature,UV-B,and water deficit.Further studies are required to examine the functions of flavonoids in the Actinidia valvata and the underlying molecular mechanisms of actions.
