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Effects of Periodical Soil Drying and Leaf Water Potential on the Sensitivity of Stomatal Response to Xylem ABA 被引量:6
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作者 梁建生 张建华 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 1999年第8期855-861,共7页
The study on the changes of stomatal sensitivity in relation to xylem ABA during periodical soil drying and the effect of leaf water status on the stomatal sensitivity has confirmed that xylem ABA concentration is a g... The study on the changes of stomatal sensitivity in relation to xylem ABA during periodical soil drying and the effect of leaf water status on the stomatal sensitivity has confirmed that xylem ABA concentration is a good indicator of soil water status around roots and the relation between xylem ABA concentration and predawn leaf water potential remained constant during the three consecutive soil drying cycles based on the slopes of the fitted lines. The sensitivity of stomata to xylem ABA increased substantially as the soil drying cycles progressed, and the xylem ABA concentration needed to cause a 50% decrease of stomatal conductance was as low as 550 nmol/L in the next two soil drying cycle, as compared with the 750 nmol/L ABA in the first cycle of soil drying. The results using the split_root system showed that leaf water deficit significantly enhanced the stomatal response to xylem ABA and the xylem ABA concentration needed to cause a 50% decrease in stomatal conductance was 2 to 4 times smaller in the whole_root_drying treatment than those in the semi_root_drying treatment. These results suggested that the sensitivity of stomata to xylem ABA concentration is not a fixed characteristic. 展开更多
关键词 Xylem ABA Stomatal sensitivity leaf water potential Periodical soil drying cycle
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A drought resistance index to select drought resistant plant species based on leaf water potential measurements 被引量:4
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作者 SayedJamaleddin KHAJEDDIN SayedHamid MATINKHAH Zahra JAFARI 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第4期623-635,共13页
The water deficit in arid and semi-arid regions is the primary limiting factor for the development of urban greenery and forestation. In addition, planting the species that consume low levels of water is useful in ari... The water deficit in arid and semi-arid regions is the primary limiting factor for the development of urban greenery and forestation. In addition, planting the species that consume low levels of water is useful in arid and semi-arid regions that have poor water management measures. Leaf water potential(Ψ) is a physiological parameter that can be used to identify drought resistance in various species. Indeed, Ψ is one of the most important properties of a plant that can be measured using a pressure chamber. Drought avoiding or drought resistant species have a lower Ψ than plants that use normal or high levels of water. To determine drought resistance of species that are suitable for afforestation in arid urban regions, we evaluated twenty woody species in the Isfahan City, central Iran. The experimental design was random split-split plots with five replications. The species were planted outdoor in plastic pots and then subjected to treatments that consisted of two soil types and five drip irrigation regimes. To evaluate the resistance of each species to drought, we used the Ψ and the number of survived plants to obtain the drought resistance index(DRI). Then, cluster analysis, dendrogram, and similarity index were used to group the species using DRI. Result indicates that the evaluated species were classified into five groups:(1) high water consuming species(DRI>–60 MPa);(2) above normal water consuming species(–60 MPa≥DRI>–90 MPa);(3) normal water consuming species(–90 MPa≥DRI>–120 MPa);(4) semi-drought resistant species(–120 MPa≥DRI>–150 MPa);and(5) drought resistant species(DRI≤–150 MPa). According to the DRI, Salix babylonica L., Populus alba L., and P. nigra L. are high water consuming species, Platanus orientalis L. and Albizia julibrissin Benth are normal water consuming species, and Quercus infectoria Oliv. and Olea europaea L. can be considered as drought resistant species. 展开更多
关键词 DROUGHT RESISTANT species DROUGHT resistance index forestation leaf water potential water DEFICIT
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Responses of leaf water potential and gas exchange to the precipitation manipulation in two shrubs on the Chinese Loess Plateau
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作者 LI Yangyang CHEN Jiacun +1 位作者 AI Shaoshui SHI Hui 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2020年第2期267-282,共16页
Regulation of leaf gas exchange plays an important role in the survival of trees and shrubs under future climate change. However, the responses of leaf water potential and gas exchange of shrubs in semi-arid areas to ... Regulation of leaf gas exchange plays an important role in the survival of trees and shrubs under future climate change. However, the responses of leaf water potential and gas exchange of shrubs in semi-arid areas to the precipitation alteration are not clear. Here, we conducted a manipulated experiment with three levels of precipitation, i.e., a control with ambient precipitation, 50% above ambient precipitation(irrigation treatment), and 50% below ambient precipitation(drought treatment), with two common shrubs, Salix psammophila C. Wang & C. Y. Yang(isohydric plant, maintaining a constant leaf water potential by stomatal regulation) and Caragana korshinskii Kom.(anisohydric plant, having more variable leaf water potential), on the Chinese Loess Plateau in 2014 and 2015. We measured the seasonal variations of predawn and midday leaf water potential(Ψpd and Ψmd), two parameters of gas exchange, i.e., light-saturated assimilation(An) and stomatal conductance(gs), and other foliar and canopy traits. The isohydric S. psammophila had a similar An and a higher gs than the anisohydric C. korshinskii under drought treatment in 2015, inconsistent with the view that photosynthetic capacity of anisohydric plants is higher than isohydric plants under severe drought. The two shrubs differently responded to precipitation manipulation. Ψpd, An and gs were higher under irrigation treatment than control for S. psammophila, and these three variables and Ψmd were significantly higher under irrigation treatment and lower under drought treatment than control for C. korshinskii. Leaf water potential and gas exchange responded to manipulated precipitation more strongly for C. korshinskii than for S. psammophila. However, precipitation manipulation did not alter the sensitivity of leaf gas exchange to vapor-pressure deficit and soil moisture in these two shrubs. Acclimation to long-term changes in soil moisture in these two shrubs was primarily attributed to the changes in leaf or canopy structure rather than leaf gas exchange. These findings will be useful for modeling canopy water-carbon exchange and elucidating the adaptive strategies of these two shrubs to future changes in precipitation. 展开更多
关键词 DROUGHT IRRIGATION leaf water potential gas exchange ACCLIMATION
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Free proline accumulation in rice plants under different leaf water potential 被引量:1
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作者 YANG Jianchang,WANG Zhiqin,and ZHU Qingsen,Jiangsu Agri College,Yangzhou 225001,China 《Chinese Rice Research Newsletter》 1995年第3期9-11,共3页
Seedlings of drought-tolerance rice varieties Han 501and Han A03,and the drought sensitive varietiesNanjing 11 and Yanjing 2 were raised in a paddyfield and transplanted into pots at the age of 8leaves.Water stress st... Seedlings of drought-tolerance rice varieties Han 501and Han A03,and the drought sensitive varietiesNanjing 11 and Yanjing 2 were raised in a paddyfield and transplanted into pots at the age of 8leaves.Water stress started at the tillering stage byholding water from 0 MPa of the soil water potentialin pots till the leaves showed seriously wilting. 展开更多
关键词 Free proline accumulation in rice plants under different leaf water potential MPA
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Transpiration Rate and Leaf Water Potential as Indices for Cassava Yield in Inland Valley Ecology
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作者 M. T. Lahai I.J. Ekanayake 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology》 2010年第6期34-44,共11页
Differences in transpiration and leaf water potential (LWP) in relation to cassava yield were investigated along inland valley toposequence in a 4×4 Latin square design. The landrace with the highest transpirat... Differences in transpiration and leaf water potential (LWP) in relation to cassava yield were investigated along inland valley toposequence in a 4×4 Latin square design. The landrace with the highest transpiration rate and lowest LWP yielded the lowest, while TMS 91/02324 and TMS 91/02327 with intermediate rate and highest LWP yielded the highest, indicating that high transpiration rate associated with low LWP reduced yield. Transpiration was lower in the fringe with deeper water table than valley bottom at deep water table site, while at shallow water table, it was higher in the fringe than valley bottom, suggesting that drought and excess moisture reduced transpiration. LWP and water table depth correlated negatively indicating that shallow water table reduced transpiration by reducing LWP. Transpiration increased and LWP decreased as radiation, leaf temperature and vapour pressure deficit increased and differences in these microclimatic conditions caused differences in the two processes between sites, years and time of day. Under mild water stress, transpiration and LWP were higher in the afternoon than the morning, but the reverse occurred under severe stress. TMS 91/02324 and TMS 91/02327 had the highest LWP under severe stress, indicating their higher drought tolerance than the other cultivars. 展开更多
关键词 Transpiration rate leaf water potential root yield cassava cultivars water table depth weather condition inland valley ecology.
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Leaf Turgor Potential, Plant Growth and Photosynthesis in Organically Fertilized Sweet Corn 被引量:2
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作者 XUHui-Liant WANGXiao-Ju +2 位作者 WANGJi-Hua XURong-Ya ZHAOAi-Hua 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第2期165-170,共6页
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using a complete random design with six replications. A pressure-volume curve analysis was employed to study the effects of organic fertilizers on plant water relations in swe... A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using a complete random design with six replications. A pressure-volume curve analysis was employed to study the effects of organic fertilizers on plant water relations in sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Honey-bantam) in terms of leaf osmotic concentration (Cs), osmotic potentials at full turgid status (πFT) and at incipient plasmolysis (πIP), and of symplastic (ζsym) and apoplastic (ζapo) fractions in the tissue water compartment in relation to photosynthetic capacity (Pc) and dry mass accumulation. At the seedling stage (day 15), plants with chemical fertilizer treatments showed lower πFT, πIP and ζapo and higher Cs, ζsym and PC than those with organic fertilizer treatments. Compared to PC and relative growth, where values from day 15 to day 75 were first lower for organic treatments and then higher, ζsym and Cs values were similar, while πFT and πIP were opposite being higher then lower. Dry mass production with organic fertilizer was higher than or close to the chemical fertilizer treatments in the later growth stage (day 75), though dry mass production with chemical fertilizers was much higher in the early and middle growing stages (days 15 and 45). Increased photosynthesis and dry mass production in later growth stages due to organic fertilizers were associated with increased osmotic concentration in the tissue and the symplastic fraction of the tissue water compartment. These might favor stomatal opening and biochemical activities. 展开更多
关键词 leaf photosynthesis osmotic potential sweet corn (Zea mays L.) turgor potential water potential
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Stomatal dynamics are regulated by leaf hydraulic traits and guard cell anatomy in nine true mangrove species
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作者 Ya-Dong Qie Qi-Wei Zhang +1 位作者 Scott A.M.McAdam Kun-Fang Cao 《Plant Diversity》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期395-405,共11页
Stomatal regulation is critical for mangroves to survive in the hyper-saline intertidal zone where water stress is severe and water availability is highly fluctuant.However,very little is known about the stomatal sens... Stomatal regulation is critical for mangroves to survive in the hyper-saline intertidal zone where water stress is severe and water availability is highly fluctuant.However,very little is known about the stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit(VPD)in mangroves,and its co-ordination with stomatal morphology and leaf hydraulic traits.We measured the stomatal response to a step increase in VPD in situ,stomatal anatomy,leaf hydraulic vulnerability and pressure-volume traits in nine true mangrove species of five families and collected the data of genome size.We aimed to answer two questions:(1)Does stomatal morphology influence stomatal dynamics in response to a high VPD in mangroves?with a consideration of possible influence of genome size on stomatal morphology;and(2)do leaf hydraulic traits influence stomatal sensitivity to VPD in mangroves?We found that the stomata of mangrove plants were highly sensitive to a step rise in VPD and the stomatal responses were directly affected by stomatal anatomy and hydraulic traits.Smaller,denser stomata was correlated with faster stomatal closure at high VPD across the species of Rhizophoraceae,and stomata size negatively and vein density positively correlated with genome size.Less negative leaf osmotic pressure at the full turgor(πo)was related to higher operating steady-state stomatal conductance(gs);and a higher leaf capacitance(Cleaf)and more embolism resistant leaf xylem were associated with slower stomatal responses to an increase in VPD.In addition,stomatal responsiveness to VPD was indirectly affected by leaf morphological traits,which were affected by site salinity and consequently leaf water status.Our results demonstrate that mangroves display a unique relationship between genome size,stomatal size and vein packing,and that stomatal responsiveness to VPD is regulated by leaf hydraulic traits and stomatal morphology.Our work provides a quantitative framework to better understand of stomatal regulation in mangroves in an environment with high salinity and dynamic water availability. 展开更多
关键词 Stomatal temporal kinetics Vapour-pressure deficit(VPD) leaf water relations leaf hydraulic vulnerability leaf osmotic potential Genome size
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Understanding Differential Responses of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Leaf and Fruit to Water Stress and Recovery Following Re-Watering 被引量:1
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作者 Bhaskar Bondada Janani Shutthanandan 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2012年第9期1232-1240,共9页
Among all fruit crops of horticultural importance, grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) stand out as the most drought tolerant crop species whose tolerance is credited to their proficiency to recover from water stress in bo... Among all fruit crops of horticultural importance, grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) stand out as the most drought tolerant crop species whose tolerance is credited to their proficiency to recover from water stress in both the natural and vineyard growing conditions. However, information on the recovery responses is relatively scant. Studies were conducted to address this issue using potted vines of the grapevine cultivar, Cabernet Sauvignon, which was subjected to water stress and along with anatomical and ultrastructural characterizations, physiological status was assessed in healthy and water stressed vines, and following recovery via rewatering from the water stressed vines. Water stress induced wilting of leaves, drooping of tendrils, and desiccation followed by abscission of shoot tip leaving behind a brown scar at the shoot apex. The wilted leaves accumulated ABA, which correspondingly reduced stomatal conductance and leaf water potential. Upon re-watering, both these parameters made a recovery with values similar to healthy leaves. Likewise, leaf anatomical features following rewatering resembled to that of healthy leaves. In clusters, water stress caused shriveling of preveraison (unripened) berries, which regained full turgor following water resupply, whereas the postveraison (ripening) berries in the same cluster remained unaffected as evidenced by the presence of viable mesocarp cells and epicuticular wax in the form of platelets. The study revealed that shoot tip with leaf primordia was most sensitive to water stress followed by fully expanded leaves and preveraison berries, whereas the postveraison berries remained unaffected. This information could be valuable to implementing irrigation strategies towards sustaining grape production in existing vineyards experiencing episodic droughts and targeted areas prone to drought. 展开更多
关键词 ABA Berry leaf water potential water Stress VITIS VINIFERA
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Leaf Water Status and Its Relationship with Reproductive Responses of Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>L.) Genotypes under Water Stress
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作者 Apurba Kanti Choudhury Md Abdul Karim +3 位作者 Md Moynul Haque Qazi Abdul Khaliq Jalal Uddin Ahmed Mohammad Mofazzal Hossain 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2014年第11期1547-1556,共10页
Two tolerant (BB24 and BB43) and two susceptible (BARI busbean-2 and BB04) genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated for their water status and its relationship with reproductive responses under ... Two tolerant (BB24 and BB43) and two susceptible (BARI busbean-2 and BB04) genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated for their water status and its relationship with reproductive responses under continuous water stress (50% field capacity) and control (80% field capacity) conditions in a net house covered with polyethylene sheet at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh. Under water stress condition, the susceptible genotype namely BB04 exhibited more negative leaf water potential (LWP) which was followed by that of BARI bushbean-2 in all the time of the day except at noon. The tolerant genotype namely BB24 exhibited less negative LWP at noon. The tolerant genotypes maintained higher relative water content (WRC) than the susceptible ones from dawn to dusk. The relationship between RWC and LWP was examined separately for four genotypes under water stress condition. The genotype BB24 showed a smaller decrease in RWC with more negative LWP than BB04. Water stress reduced pod setting ratio. The relationship between the leaf water status and reproductive responses showed that the genotype with a little reduction in mid-day drop of RWC or with high mid-day RWC displayed a high pod setting ratio. 展开更多
关键词 leaf water potential Pod Setting Ratio Relative water Content
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水分条件变化对典型园林灌木叶片水势及光合特征的影响 被引量:2
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作者 李佳赢 侯立伟 +3 位作者 鲁绍伟 李少宁 赵娜 徐晓天 《东北林业大学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期30-37,共8页
北京市拥有丰富的灌木资源,很多种类具有较高的观赏价值和低耗水、抗旱性强等特点,有效地开发利用灌木资源应用于城市园林绿化,不仅可以节约园林灌溉用水量,还可降低园林养护成本。以北京市典型园林灌木大叶黄杨(冬青卫矛,Euonymus japo... 北京市拥有丰富的灌木资源,很多种类具有较高的观赏价值和低耗水、抗旱性强等特点,有效地开发利用灌木资源应用于城市园林绿化,不仅可以节约园林灌溉用水量,还可降低园林养护成本。以北京市典型园林灌木大叶黄杨(冬青卫矛,Euonymus japonicus)、金叶女贞(Ligustrum×vicaryi)、紫叶小檗(Berberis thunbergii var.atropurpurea)和棣棠(Kerria japonica)为研究对象,对4种灌木进行模拟干旱试验,分析干旱条件下,不同灌木的叶片水势、净光合速率和气孔导度等指标的变化规律以及相互关系。结果表明:(1)各灌木水分胁迫对水势的影响呈上升趋势,紫叶小檗变化最为明显,干旱组水势升高幅度为55.56%。(2)4种灌木中,大叶黄杨净光合速率对水分的适应能力较强,在干旱后期较干旱前净光合速率从1.3μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)增大到11.0μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。(3)金叶女贞气孔导度开放值变化较其余3种灌木最大,2022年8月21日达到531.26 mmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),而干旱组大叶黄杨变化最大,较干旱初期气孔导度上升30.75%。因此,适度干旱对于4种灌木的生长影响不显著。 展开更多
关键词 灌木 干旱胁迫 叶片水势 光合特征
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阳光玫瑰葡萄需水量及耗水规律研究 被引量:1
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作者 崔阳慧 王莉 +2 位作者 乔月莲 师校欣 杜国强 《中国果树》 2024年第2期51-57,共7页
为了明确阳光玫瑰葡萄生长期的需水量,为葡萄园节水灌溉提供理论依据,以阳光玫瑰葡萄为研究对象,通过调查生产上有效降雨量,计算水分盈亏量,在水分盈亏量的基础上设计3个灌水量处理(1 500、2 250、3 000 m^(3)/hm^(2)),研究不同灌水量... 为了明确阳光玫瑰葡萄生长期的需水量,为葡萄园节水灌溉提供理论依据,以阳光玫瑰葡萄为研究对象,通过调查生产上有效降雨量,计算水分盈亏量,在水分盈亏量的基础上设计3个灌水量处理(1 500、2 250、3 000 m^(3)/hm^(2)),研究不同灌水量对葡萄叶水势、树冠覆盖率、叶面积系数、果实品质和耗水特性的影响,确定葡萄需水量,并揭示其耗水规律。结果表明:在2 250、3 000 m^(3)/hm^(2)灌水量处理下,果实可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量、固酸比均无显著性差异,但均显著高于1 500 m^(3)/hm^(2)灌水量处理;在2 250 m^(3)/hm^(2)灌水量下既不影响果实品质,又能节水;不同灌水量下葡萄耗水规律为果实膨大期>果实成熟期>新梢生长期>花期。综上,阳光玫瑰葡萄生长期总需水量为5 539 m^(3)/hm^(2)。 展开更多
关键词 葡萄 阳光玫瑰 叶水势 需水量 蒸发量 蒸腾量
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基于无人机多光谱影像的矮林芳樟叶片含水率与叶水势反演
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作者 杨宝城 鲁向晖 +3 位作者 张海娜 王倩 陈志琪 张杰 《农业机械学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期220-230,267,共12页
叶片含水率和叶水势反映植物组织中水分的状态,是衡量植物水分供应和水分利用效率的重要指标。为探究基于不同高度下无人机多光谱影像反演叶片含水率和叶水势模型的差异,本研究在3个飞行高度处理F30、F60、F100(30、60、100 m)下采集多... 叶片含水率和叶水势反映植物组织中水分的状态,是衡量植物水分供应和水分利用效率的重要指标。为探究基于不同高度下无人机多光谱影像反演叶片含水率和叶水势模型的差异,本研究在3个飞行高度处理F30、F60、F100(30、60、100 m)下采集多光谱影像数据,通过使用6种光谱反射率+经验植被指数的组合与地面实测数据进行相关性分析,获得不同飞行高度下的光谱反射率+经验植被指数组合与叶片含水率和叶水势的反演模型及其决定系数,以决定系数为依据分别构建支持向量机(SVM)、随机森林(RF)和径向基神经网络(RBFNN)模型,分析不同飞行高度无人机多光谱影像反演芳樟叶片含水率和叶水势的精度。结果发现:3个飞行高度下,基于RF模型的反演精度均高于SVM模型和RBFNN模型。F30处理对叶片含水率与叶水势反演效果均优于F60和F100处理。F30处理对叶片含水率反演的敏感光谱反射率+植被指数组合为红光波段反射率(R)、红边1波段反射率(RE1)、红边2波段反射率(RE2)、近红外波段反射率(NIR)、增强型植被指数(EVI)、土壤调节植被指数(SAVI)。RF模型训练集的R2、RMSE、MRE分别为0.845、0.548%、0.712%;测试集的R2、RMSE、MRE分别为0.832、0.683%、0.897%。对叶水势反演的敏感光谱反射率+植被指数组合为R、RE2、NIR、EVI、SAVI、花青素反射指数(ARI)。RF模型训练集的R2、RMSE、MRE分别为0.814、0.073 MPa、3.550%;测试集的R2、RMSE、MRE分别为0.806、0.095 MPa、4.250%。研究结果表明飞行高度30 m与RF方法分别为反演叶片含水率和叶水势的最优光谱获取高度与最优模型构建方法。本研究可为基于无人机平台的矮林芳樟水分监测提供技术支持,并可为筛选无人机多光谱波段与经验植被指数、实现植物长势参数快速估测提供应用参考。 展开更多
关键词 矮林芳樟 叶片含水率 叶水势 无人机 多光谱 飞行高度
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西南地区野生岩柿的光合与水分生理特征
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作者 彭凌霄 何真敏 +2 位作者 罗志锋 欧朝蓉 孙永玉 《东北林业大学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第6期33-42,共10页
以中国西南地区野生岩柿幼苗(Diospyros dumetorum W.W.Smith)为试验材料,探讨岩柿光合与水分生理特征规律,以期为岩柿资源保护、西南地区乡土植物群落修复提供理论和技术支持。分别使用Li-6800便携式光合测定仪和露点水势仪对光合生理... 以中国西南地区野生岩柿幼苗(Diospyros dumetorum W.W.Smith)为试验材料,探讨岩柿光合与水分生理特征规律,以期为岩柿资源保护、西南地区乡土植物群落修复提供理论和技术支持。分别使用Li-6800便携式光合测定仪和露点水势仪对光合生理指标和叶水势日变化进行测定,苗期岩柿叶片光饱和点为856.7919μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),光补偿点为20.4177μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),最大净光合速率为9.9469μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1);其净光合速率主要与大气温度(T_(a))、气孔限制值(L_(s))、叶肉瞬时羧化效率(M_(CE))、蒸腾速率(E)、水分利用效率(W_(UE))、气孔导度(G_(s))影响因子呈正相关,叶片水势与大气温度(T_(a))、大气湿度(R_(H))与光合有效辐射(P_(AR))环境因子有密切关系,苗期岩柿光适应范围较窄,光饱和点及光补偿点偏低,在温度较高、湿度较低、光辐射强的环境下岩柿幼苗吸水能力减弱,使得其幼苗在光辐射强、植被覆盖率低的西南地区较为少见,因此,岩柿更适宜在适度遮荫的林下空间生长,在西南地区进行乡土植物岩柿的培育及经营管理时应进行合理植物配置、建立多层次林分结构,为岩柿幼苗提供一定遮光、降温、增湿的作用,将有助于其发挥更大的生态效益。 展开更多
关键词 岩柿 光合作用 叶水势 生理生态
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不同品种春小麦生长生理指标及产量对水分响应研究
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作者 王浩莎 曹润宁 黄兴法 《灌溉排水学报》 CAS CSCD 2024年第10期1-10,54,共11页
[目的]系统研究不同程度间歇性干旱对春小麦生长生理及产量的影响。[方法]通过位于甘肃武威的大田试验,以春小麦“陇春41号”和“永良4号”为研究对象,系统研究拔节期和灌浆期不同程度间歇性干旱对春小麦生长生理及产量的影响。在春小... [目的]系统研究不同程度间歇性干旱对春小麦生长生理及产量的影响。[方法]通过位于甘肃武威的大田试验,以春小麦“陇春41号”和“永良4号”为研究对象,系统研究拔节期和灌浆期不同程度间歇性干旱对春小麦生长生理及产量的影响。在春小麦拔节期、灌浆期分别设置灌水量为充分灌溉对照组的65%、80%的亏水处理,即:W1(拔节期65%/灌浆期65%)、W2(拔节期80%/灌浆期65%)、W3(拔节期65%/灌浆期80%)、W4(拔节期80%/灌浆期80%)、W5(充分灌溉对照组)。分析不同处理下春小麦生长指标、产量、叶片光合参数及叶绿素荧光动力学参数对水分的响应规律。[结果]拔节期和灌浆期水分亏缺会对春小麦株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率及光合电子传递速率产生显著负面影响,指标随灌水量减少而降低;抽穗期复水(恢复充分灌溉)后,“陇春41号”LAI得到了明显恢复,复水对春小麦叶绿素量、光合电子传递速率以及蒸腾速率的恢复有显著积极作用;产量随水分亏缺程度的加剧而减小,“陇春41号”整体产量高于“永良4号”,“陇春41号”W4处理下产量与W5处理无显著差异。[结论]考虑节水高产,本文推荐最优灌溉制度为W4处理(拔节期80%/灌浆期80%),推荐种植品种为“陇春41号”。 展开更多
关键词 春小麦 水分亏缺 生长指标 光合特性 光合电子传递速率 叶水势
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紫穗槐叶水势对生物炭基肥和干旱胁迫的响应特征研究
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作者 冯树林 周婷 王军利 《辽宁农业科学》 2024年第5期1-7,共7页
探究不同生物炭基肥施用量和干旱—复水环境下紫穗槐叶水势响应特征,为紫穗槐的栽培利用提供理论和技术支撑。通过盆栽试验,研究了不同生物炭基肥施用量(750 kg/hm^(2),1500 kg/hm^(2),2250 kg/hm^(2))和不同水分处理[100.00%土壤相对... 探究不同生物炭基肥施用量和干旱—复水环境下紫穗槐叶水势响应特征,为紫穗槐的栽培利用提供理论和技术支撑。通过盆栽试验,研究了不同生物炭基肥施用量(750 kg/hm^(2),1500 kg/hm^(2),2250 kg/hm^(2))和不同水分处理[100.00%土壤相对含水量(Soil relative water content),87.84%SRWC,70.00%SRWC,52.16%SRWC,40.00%SRWC]复水后紫穗槐苗木叶水势的响应特征。结果表明:在750 kg/hm^(2)、1500 kg/hm^(2)、2250 kg/hm^(2)生物炭基肥施用量下,随着土壤干旱程度加重,紫穗槐叶水势均呈下降趋势,水分胁迫指数呈上升趋势;40.00%SRWC处理的紫穗槐叶水势下降幅度达到最大,其中2250 kg/hm^(2)施肥量调控15 d干旱历时下40.00%SRWC处理组的叶水势下降幅度最大,相比对照下降了0.67 MPa。随着旱后复水时间的增加,紫穗槐叶水势逐渐恢复,恢复速率与干旱程度、干旱历时密切相关。复水6 d后,除30 d干旱历时下52.16%SRWC和40.00%SRWC处理的紫穗槐叶水势未恢复到对照水平,其余处理组的紫穗槐叶水势总体恢复到对照水平,出现补偿效应和超补偿效应。 展开更多
关键词 干旱胁迫 生物炭基肥 叶水势 复水 恢复
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黄土高原15种木本植物叶片水力效率与水力安全的权衡关系
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作者 寇萌 尹秋龙 《生态科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期88-93,共6页
理清植物水力效率与水力安全之间的权衡关系有助于深入理解植物的环境适应性。目前,关于上述性状权衡关系的研究多集中于枝条,而对于较难测量的叶片,其水力效率与水力安全之间的权衡关系仍存在争议。我们选取了黄土高原15种木本植物,包... 理清植物水力效率与水力安全之间的权衡关系有助于深入理解植物的环境适应性。目前,关于上述性状权衡关系的研究多集中于枝条,而对于较难测量的叶片,其水力效率与水力安全之间的权衡关系仍存在争议。我们选取了黄土高原15种木本植物,包括6种乔木和9种灌木,测定其叶片单位质量导水率(K_(leaf-mass))、单位面积导水率(K_(leaf-area))及导水率降低50%时叶水势(P_(50)),分析叶片中水力效率与水力安全之间的权衡关系。结果表明:3种指标在乔木与灌木之间均不存在显著差异;P_(50)与K_(leaf-mass)和K_(leaf-area)均没有显著相关性,说明黄土高原木本植物叶片水力效率与水力安全之间不存在权衡关系。这种效率与安全之间权衡关系的缺失在干旱环境中可能是有利的,允许植物同时具有较高的水力效率和水力安全性。在今后的研究中,应考虑加强干旱地区植物水力性状的研究,同时将叶片、枝条、树干及根系的水力性状相结合,从植株整体上探讨植物水力性状权衡关系及其环境适应性。 展开更多
关键词 环境适应性 叶导水率 叶水势 水力脆弱性
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Effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on spring wheat growth and yield in arid Northwest China 被引量:11
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作者 Jing JIANG ZaiLin HUO +3 位作者 ShaoYuan FENG ShaoZhong KANG FenXing WANG ChaoBo ZHANG 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2013年第2期143-154,共12页
Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to study the effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on spring wheat growth and yield in an arid region of Northwest China. Nine treatments included three sali... Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to study the effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on spring wheat growth and yield in an arid region of Northwest China. Nine treatments included three salinity levels sl, s2 and s3 (0.65, 3.2, and 6.1 dS/m) in combination with three water levels wl, w2 and w3 (375, 300, and 225 mm). In 2008, for most treatments, deficit irrigation showed adverse effects on wheat growth; meanwhile, the effect of saline irrigation was not apparent. In 2009, growth parameters of wl treatments were not always optimal under saline irrigation. At 3.2 and 6.1 dS/m in 2008, the highest yield was obtained by wl treatments, however, in 2009, the weight of 1,000 grains and wheat yield both followed the order w2 〉 wl 〉 w3. In this study, spring wheat was sensitive to water deficit, especially at the booting to grain-filling stages, but was not significantly affected by saline irrigation and the combination of the two factors. The results demonstrated that 300-mm irrigation water with a salinity of less than 3.2 dS/m is suitable for wheat fields in the study area. 展开更多
关键词 saline water irrigation leaf area index (LAI) leaf potential yield components
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Hydraulic resistance partitioning between shoot and root system and plant water status of Haloxyolon ammodendron growing at sites of contrasting soil texture 被引量:4
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作者 Xu, GuiQing Li, Yan Zou, Ting 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE 2010年第2期98-106,共9页
Hydraulic resistance components and water relations were studied on Haloxyolon ammoden-dron,a small xeric tree,growing at sites significantly differed in soil texture.Soil water content,leaf water potential(ψl),xylem... Hydraulic resistance components and water relations were studied on Haloxyolon ammoden-dron,a small xeric tree,growing at sites significantly differed in soil texture.Soil water content,leaf water potential(ψl),xylem water potential(ψx),root water potential(ψroot),leaf transpiration rate(TR) and stomatal conductance(gs) were measured at the two sites during the growing season of 2005 and 2006.Leaf spe-cific hydraulic resistance(Rplant) during the whole growing season,hydraulic resistance of plants(Rp),shoots(Rshoot) and roots(Rroot) in the August of both years were calculated and expressed on leaf area basis.The results showed the proportion of the hydraulic resistance of the aerial part(Rshoot) to the Rp was the same to the proportion of the hydraulic resistance of the soil part(Rroot) to the Rp,indicating that both parts were equivalent important to plant water hydraulic system from soil to leaf.Positive significant corre-lations were found between Rp and Rroot,suggesting that root hydraulics resistance was a major determinant of plant hydraulic resistance(Rp) and transpiration rate.The integrated effect of stomatal control,hy-draulic regulation and morphology adjustment enabled plants at heavy soil site surviving the extreme water deficit period. 展开更多
关键词 hydraulic architecture leaf water potential TRANSPIRATION hydraulic resistance stomatal conductance hydraulic limitation
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Correlation analysis and QTL identification for canopy temperature,leaf water potential and spikelet fertility in rice under contrasting moisture regimes 被引量:12
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作者 LIUHongyan ZOUGuihua +5 位作者 LIUGuolan HUSongpin LIMingshou YUXinqiao MEIHanwei LUOLijun 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS 2005年第4期317-326,共10页
Canopy temperature (CT), leaf water potential (LWP) and spikelet fertility (SF) of a set of RILs (F9) from the cross between Zhenshan97B and IRAT109 were investi- gated under two soil moisture regimes in a drought scr... Canopy temperature (CT), leaf water potential (LWP) and spikelet fertility (SF) of a set of RILs (F9) from the cross between Zhenshan97B and IRAT109 were investi- gated under two soil moisture regimes in a drought screen facility. In water stress condition, CT was negatively corre- lated with SF (r = ?0.2867) and LWP (r = ?0.2740), and LWP was positively associated with SF (r = 0.1696). These results indicated that the plant with high drought tolerant ability could maintain higher LWP and lower CT, leading to higher SF. A total of 44 main effect QTLs were associated with CT, LWP and SF. The accumulated contributionsof QTLs forCT, LWP and SF were 87.85%, 15.06%, 79.46% under well water condition and 72.61%, 87.68%, 33.29% under stress condi- tion, respectively. Totally 45 pairs of digenic interactions were detected. The accumulated contribution of digenic epistasis on CT, LWP and SF were 55.69%, 47.15%, 48.15% under well water condition and 53.44%, 57.94%, 54.62% under water stress condition. Compared with other drought tolerance QTL mapping researches in rice, 19 main effect QTLs were found to be located at the same or closely con- joint regions. 展开更多
关键词 温度 异位显性 生物化学 耐旱能力 灌溉技术
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Responses of Native Tree Species to Soil Water Stress in a Tropical Forest on Limestone,Vietnam 被引量:2
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作者 Le Van Binh Nguyen Van Thinh +2 位作者 Reinhard Kopp Vo Dai Hai Ralph Mitlohner 《Open Journal of Forestry》 2015年第7期711-722,共12页
Forests over limestone in the tropics have received little attention and limestone forests in Vietnam have been overlooked to an even greater extent in terms of tree physiology. In Ba Be National Park, Vietnam, soil w... Forests over limestone in the tropics have received little attention and limestone forests in Vietnam have been overlooked to an even greater extent in terms of tree physiology. In Ba Be National Park, Vietnam, soil water availability in limestone forests seems to be the most limiting factor in the dry season. Therefore, in order to enhance the preliminary knowledge of choosing native tree species for enrichment planting in the restoration zone, characteristics of the 20 native tree species to soil water stress were investigated in a limestone forest. One-ha plot each consisting of twenty-five 20 m × 20 m plots was established in undisturbed forests. All trees ≥ 10 cm DBH were measured in 20 m × 20 m plots, while twenty-five 5 m × 5 m subplots were established in order to sample the regeneration of tree species with a DBH < 10 cm. The Scholander apparatus and freezing point osmometry were used in order to measure the leaf water potential (Ψw) and leaf osmotic potential (Ψπ) of the 20 native tree species, respectively in this study. 61 species belonging to 34 families of all trees with a DBH ≥ 10 cm were recorded in one ha, while 31 species representing 18 families of trees < 10 cm DBH were identified in 625 m2. The 20 species’ leaf water and osmotic potential values revealed significant differences among species. The maximum leaf water potential was not affected by any anticipated sources of variation, while the minimum water potential, however, showed significant variation to soil water stress. The results in the study area emphasized the importance of water factors in influencing tree species distribution;it could be concluded that native species with wide water potential ranges would be better able to withstand water changes and might be thus good candidates for reforestation (enrichment planting) in limestone areas. 展开更多
关键词 Tropical Limestone Forests Floristic Composition Native Tree Species leaf water potential leaf Osmotic potential
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