[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effect of K fertilizer on the absorption of mineral elements in greenhouse-grown strawberry fruits.[Methods]A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of K fertili...[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effect of K fertilizer on the absorption of mineral elements in greenhouse-grown strawberry fruits.[Methods]A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of K fertilizer dosage levels on the absorption of mineral elements in Fengxiang strawberries,an excellent variety suitable for cultivation in Anhui Province.The investigation was carried out under medium N and P conditions in a greenhouse.[Results]The N content of strawberry fruits increased as the K_(2)O dosage increased within the range of 0-250 kg/hm^(2).Similarly,the P content of strawberry fruits increased gradually with the increase of K_(2)O dosage within the range of 0-125 kg/hm^(2).[Conclusions]This study presents a basis for enhancing the absorption of mineral elements in strawberry fruit by applying K appropriately.展开更多
In the present paper,the authors analysed 10 mineral elements in the roots of Rheum tanguticum collected from 30 different habitats.The mean concentration values of the 10 elements decreased as follows: Ca>Mg>K&...In the present paper,the authors analysed 10 mineral elements in the roots of Rheum tanguticum collected from 30 different habitats.The mean concentration values of the 10 elements decreased as follows: Ca>Mg>K>Fe>Mn>Cr>Zn>Ni>Cu>Se. Ca,Mg,K and Fe were abundant in this herb.Most elements varied over a wide range depending on the different habitats.The mineral element data were evaluated by principal component analysis to reveal the distribution pattern of elements in root.Four principal components(K-Ca factor,Cu factor,Mg factor and Zn-Se factor) of plant elements were selected.The authors' study provided a new scientific foundation for further studies and general application of this Chinese herb.展开更多
Manganese(Mn)is one of the essential microelements in all organisms.However,high level of Mn is deleterious to plants.In this study,the effects of exogenous manganese application on mineral element,polyamine(PA)and an...Manganese(Mn)is one of the essential microelements in all organisms.However,high level of Mn is deleterious to plants.In this study,the effects of exogenous manganese application on mineral element,polyamine(PA)and antioxidant accumulation,as well as polyamine metabolic and antioxidant enzyme activities,were investigated in Malus robusta Rehd.,a widely grown apple rootstock.High level of Mn treatments decreased endogenous Mg,Na,K and Ca contents,but increased Zn content,in a Mn-concentration-dependent manner.Polyamine metabolic assays revealed that,except the content of perchloric acid insoluble bound(PIS-bound)spermine,which increased significantly,the contents of putrescine(Put),spermidine(Spd)and spermine(Spm)all decreased progressively,accompanied with the decreased activities of arginine decarboxylase(ADC,EC 4.1.1.19)and ornithine decarboxylase(ODC,EC 4.1.1.17),and the increased activities of diamine oxidase(DAO,EC 1.4.3.6)and polyamine oxidase(PAO,EC 1.5.3.3).Further antioxidant capacity analyses demonstrated that contents of anthocyanin,non-protein thiols(NPT)and soluble sugar,and the activities of guaiacol peroxidase(POD,EC 1.11.1.7),catalase(CAT,EC 1.11.1.6)and superoxide dismutase(SOD,EC 1.15.1.1),also increased upon different concentrations of Mn treatments.Our results suggest that endogenous ion homeostasis is affected by high level of Mn application,and polyamine and antioxidant metabolism is involved in the responses of M.robusta Rehd.plants to high level of Mn stress.展开更多
To assess the indicative function of the fingerprint characteristics of mineral elements for small agricultural producing areas,20 sets of soil surface samples and corresponding rice samples were collected from Songyu...To assess the indicative function of the fingerprint characteristics of mineral elements for small agricultural producing areas,20 sets of soil surface samples and corresponding rice samples were collected from Songyuan and Hunchun of Jilin Province,China.Forty-six mineral elements of brown rice,soil,and rice husk were examined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Ten characteristic elements(Li,Ag,Y,Bi,U,Eu,Er,Rb,Mo and As)were identified via multivariate statistics(Variance importance value analysis and rank sum test in SPSS and SIMCA software packages).The correlation of mineral elements in brown rice,soil,and rice husks of the two sample areas was analyzed and regression analysis models of characteristic mineral elements in brown rice were developed.The results indicate that a correlation exists among brown rice,soil,and rice husks in the same area,and the correlation tests using selected elements showed that all correlation coefficients were 0.65 or above.Differences in brown rice were found between different regions.Consequently,brown rice producing areas can be distinguished by the fingerprint characteristics of mineral elements.展开更多
This study determined mineral value and antioxidant activity of Senegal fruits for contributing to improving healthy diet and preventing some chronic diseases. Mineral element contents of Dialium guineense, Landolphia...This study determined mineral value and antioxidant activity of Senegal fruits for contributing to improving healthy diet and preventing some chronic diseases. Mineral element contents of Dialium guineense, Landolphia heudelotti, Mangifera indica, Cyperus esculentus and Saba senegalensis, which are widely available and consumed, were studied. The results by ICP-OES spectrophotometry after acid mineralization showed highest levels of (per 100 g fruits), calcium (158 mg), potassium (1018 mg), magnesium (532 mg), zinc (26 mg) with juice of Landolphia heudelotti fruit pulp. Mangifera indica pulp is richer in sodium (89 mg), phosphorus (556 mg), sulphur (384 mg) and silicon (110 mg). Dialium senegalensis pulp is richer in iron (23 mg) and manganese (19 mg). Lyophilized Cyperus esculentus rhizomes analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry gave highest concentrations of (per 100 g fruits), calcium (2550 mg), potassium (11,843 mg) and magnesium (7669 mg) but sodium content (22 mg) is lower. In vitro antioxidant activity evaluation with the DPPH radical showed for 10 mg/ml concentration, highest inhibition percentage for Saba senegalensis 4.03%, followed by Landolphia heudelotti and Dialium guineense, which were significantly similar 2.29% and 2.20% respectively, Mangifera indica 1.7% and finally Cyperus esculentus 0.5%, but much lower compared to the ascorbic acid equal to 96.32% used as a reference.展开更多
Malnutrition is one of the prevailing health problems worldwide, affecting a large proportion of the populations in rice-consuming countries. Breeding rice varieties with increased concentrations of elements in the gr...Malnutrition is one of the prevailing health problems worldwide, affecting a large proportion of the populations in rice-consuming countries. Breeding rice varieties with increased concentrations of elements in the grain is considered the most cost-effective approach to alleviate malnutrition. Development of molecular markers for high grain concentrations of essential elements, particularly Zn, for use in marker-assisted selection (MAS) can hasten breeding efforts to develop rice varieties with nutrient-dense grain. We performed QTL mapping for four agronomic traits: days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of tillers, grain yield, and 13 grain elements: As, B, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, and Zn, in two doubled-haploid populations derived from the crosses IR64 × IR69428 and BR29 × IR75862. These populations were phenotyped during 2015DS and 2015WS at IRRI, Los Ba os, The Philippines, and genotyped them with a 6 K SNP chip. Inclusive composite interval mapping revealed 15 QTL for agronomic traits and 50 QTL for grain element concentration. Of these, eight QTL showed phenotypic variance of >25% and 11 QTL were consistent across seasons. There were seven QTL co-localization regions containing QTL for more than two traits. Twenty five epistatic interactions were detected for two agronomic traits and seven mineral elements. Several DH lines with high Fe and Zn in polished rice were identified. These lines can be used as donors for breeding high-Zn rice varieties. Some of the major QTL can be further validated and used in MAS to improve the concentrations of nutritive elements in rice grain.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to research the effects of CdCl2 treatment on mineral elements and amino acids in leaves of Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis. The seedlings of Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis with 6 l...The objective of this paper is to research the effects of CdCl2 treatment on mineral elements and amino acids in leaves of Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis. The seedlings of Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis with 6 leaf were cultured in 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solutions of different CdCl2 treatments (0, 0.5, 5 and 10 mg·L-1), respectively. The mineral elements and amino acids of the leaves in Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis were measured in the day 30. Compared with the control (0 mg·L-1 CdCl2), the treatments significantly decreased the contents of Mg, Fe and Zn in the tested leaves and obviously increased the contents of Cd in the experimental leaves. As to Ca and Mn, low concentration Cd treatment (0.5 mg·L-1 CdCl2) promoted their absorption, however, high concentration Cd treatments (5 and 10 mg·L-1 CdCl2) inhibited their absorption. The metabolism pathway and content of amino acids in the Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis leaves under Cd treatment were modified, the content of amino acids in the glycolate pathway became larger than that in control, the content of amino acids in the pyruvic acid synthesis pathway and tyrosine and phenylalanine became smaller than that in control, the content of other amino acids also had made a certain degree change. The results provided the important basis for safety production and quality evaluation of leaves in Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis.展开更多
Eight-element contents of 653 unpolished rice samples harvested from Xingping experiment farm, Yunnan Province under thc same ecological conditions were analyzed by ICP-AES method. The mineral elements content were cl...Eight-element contents of 653 unpolished rice samples harvested from Xingping experiment farm, Yunnan Province under thc same ecological conditions were analyzed by ICP-AES method. The mineral elements content were closely related to low diversity, high-yielding, and multi-resistance breeding; The K, Mg, Ca and Mn content in high-yielding and resistant varieties were high, and other nutrients such as P, Fe, Zn and Cu were low, which was connected with the heredity and physiological mechanism of mineral nutrients. There is zonal distribution of mineral elements content from Yunnan rice, especially for P, Fe, Zn and Cu co-related with the diversity center, paddy versus upland, glutinous and non-glutinous, glumc-hair versus nuda, rice color, rice flavor, soft rice versus non-soft rice, but it did not find any association with indica-japonica types. The results supported the ecological variety group view of 5-grade taxonomic system "species-subspecies-ccological groups-ecological variety groups - varietal types" .展开更多
[Objective]In order to compare the general egg qualities and mineral element contents of different layers,six commercial breeds in brown shell layer,including Lohmann,Jinghong,Hyline,Xinyang,Hisax,ISA,Suqing green she...[Objective]In order to compare the general egg qualities and mineral element contents of different layers,six commercial breeds in brown shell layer,including Lohmann,Jinghong,Hyline,Xinyang,Hisax,ISA,Suqing green shell layer and Wenchang chicken were used as materials.The general egg quality traits and mineral elements contents of eight breeds at 43 weeks old were mensurated.[Result] There were significant differences in general egg qualities(except yolk weight)of eight breeds.About the mineral element contents,the differences were significant only in P,Mn and Se of some breeds in this experiment.[Conclusion]The results in this study could provide the reference for further researcher,layer producers,nutritionists,consumers and so on.展开更多
Correlations between four grain quality, 24 plant morphological traits and eight element contents of 653 accessions fromYunnan rice were analyzed. P, K, Ca and Mg contents of core collection were closely correlated to...Correlations between four grain quality, 24 plant morphological traits and eight element contents of 653 accessions fromYunnan rice were analyzed. P, K, Ca and Mg contents of core collection were closely correlated to the most plant morphologicaland grain quality traits, and there were highly significant correlations (P ＜0.01) among some traits including P content to number ofstems and tillers, K content and amylose content, Ca content and plant height, Mg content and protein content. Mn, Zn, Cu and Fecontents of core collection were closely related to a few traits, such as Fe content and gel consistency (-0.1121 **), Zn content andseed setting rate (-0.1411 **), Cu content and number of grains per panicle (-0.1398**), Mn content and plant height (-0.2492**).展开更多
Halophytes are valuable salt-, alkali-and drought-resistant germplasm resources. However, the characteristics of mineral elements in halophytes have not been investigated as intensively as those in crops. This study a...Halophytes are valuable salt-, alkali-and drought-resistant germplasm resources. However, the characteristics of mineral elements in halophytes have not been investigated as intensively as those in crops. This study attempted to investigate the characteristics of mineral elements for annual halophytes during their growth period to reveal their possible physiological mechanisms of salt resistance. By using three native annual halophytes (Salsola subcrassa, Suaeda acuminate and Petrosimonia sibirica) distributed in the desert in Northern Xinjiang of China, the dynamic changes in the mineral element contents of annual halophytes were analyzed through field sampling and laboratory analyses. The results demonstrated that the annual halophytes were able to absorb water and mineral nutrients selectively. In the interaction between the annual halophytes and saline soil, the adaptability of the annual halophytes was manifested as the accumulation of S, Na and Cl during the growth period and maintenance of water and salt balance in the plant, thus ensuring their selective absorption of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and other mineral nutrients according to their growth demand. By utilizing this property, halophyte planting and mowing (before the wilting and death periods) could bioremediate heavy saline-alkali soil.展开更多
The effects of 60Co γ ray irradiation on the contents of rare earth and mineral elements and their relativities in the fruitbodies of Agaricus biazei Murvill and their relativities were studied. The results show that...The effects of 60Co γ ray irradiation on the contents of rare earth and mineral elements and their relativities in the fruitbodies of Agaricus biazei Murvill and their relativities were studied. The results show that there are significant difference at the 0.01 level in the contents of rare earth and mineral elements in the fruitbodies among different treatments, and that the variational laws of different elements contents are different with the varieties of the dosages accordingly. Thereinto, the contents of Pr and Mo increase with the increase of the dosage, but they decrease when the dosage are in a certain degree(1.5 KGy). But the Yb content decreases with the increase of the dosage. The variational laws of the contents of K and Cu were similar along with the variety of the dosage, and they all decrease with the increase of the dosage. But the contents of them increase and are higher than that of the three anterior treatments(0, 0.5, 1.0 KGy) when the dosage are 1.5 KGy. It can be seen that the contents of rare earth and mineral elements in the fruitbodies have something to do with the dosages in different degrees, and that rare earth also has something to do with mineral elements in different degrees. Thereinto there lied good linear relationship between the content of Yb and the dosage.展开更多
Objective: This paper mainly discusses and summarises the potential issues of pollution caused by the Mineral elements, Mercury, Lead and Arsenic, its possible impacts on the human beings and the suggested solutions. ...Objective: This paper mainly discusses and summarises the potential issues of pollution caused by the Mineral elements, Mercury, Lead and Arsenic, its possible impacts on the human beings and the suggested solutions. Methods: This paper is prepared by reviewing the latest academic literatures. Result: First, this article discusses two aspects including the effects of Mercury, Lead and Arsenic on the Chinese herbal medicine and the potential issues of causing the environmental pollution. And then further study its toxicity effects and the side impacts on the human bodies in order to realize the actual circumstances people are encountering nowadays. This paper will also the corresponding its treatment method of reviews. Hope this will provide a valuable reference. Conclusion: Theses issues caused by the Mineral elements are prominent nowadays, thus the ongoing researches on the impacts of pollution and the possible solutions are regarded as highly valued in order to conserve the natural environment and meanwhile safeguard the well beings of people and the future offspring.展开更多
Sor</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">i</span></span></span></span></span>...Sor</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">i</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">z (</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><i></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:"">Sorghum</span></i></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> <i>oryzoidum</i></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:""></i></span></i></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">) is a relatively new cereal of hybrid origin ob</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">tained at the Research Institute for Maize and Sorghum of Moldova. This paper presents and analy</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">z</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">es the results of the study of essential minerals content (K, Na, Ca, P, Mg, Fe) in native and hulled sorghum grains and their changes <span>under the effect of hydrothermal treatment. The results show that the sorghum grains are a good source of essential minerals, especially of K, P and</span> Mg and are less rich in Ca, Na and Fe. The experimental data have demonstrated that the technological process applied to obtain hulled sorghum leads to a considerable decrease </span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">in</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> minerals content. Culinary treatment had a greater impact on the K content and lower on P and Mg content. The results will be used to op<span>timize the parameters of raw material processing and culinary</span> treatment with <span>the aim of minimizing the mineral loss as well as for </span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the </span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">nutritional value</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> balance of sor</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">i</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">z sorghum dishes.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explain the accumulation characteristic of mineral elements in alpine grassland plants and the effect of supplementary supply on the nutrient changes of mineral elements. [Method]Potted Poa ...[Objective] The aim was to explain the accumulation characteristic of mineral elements in alpine grassland plants and the effect of supplementary supply on the nutrient changes of mineral elements. [Method]Potted Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai plants were regularly applied with liquid mineral mixed fertilizers,and samples were collected for analysis and detection. [Result] After the regular spraying of liquid mineral mixed fertilizers,the mineral elements in potted P. crymophila and its soil reduced( P < 0. 05),but the accumulation of corresponding mineral elements of P. crymophila in the control group was increased due to the " Starvation Effect",which was one of the endogenetic forces driving the increase in the accumulation of mineral elements. [Conclusion]This study is of great significance for the study of the accumulation of mineral elements in degraded grassland plants and its dynamic mechanism,as well as testing the hypothesis of the Starvation Effect of mineral elements. In addition,it also provides scientific bases and technical support for the restoration and remediation of degraded grassland and the development of ecological livestock husbandry.展开更多
The content characteristics of 16 elements(Al,Ca,Cr,Cu,Fe,K,Li,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,P,Pb,Sr,and Zn) in 23 plant species collected from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were investigated using ICP-OES.Results sh...The content characteristics of 16 elements(Al,Ca,Cr,Cu,Fe,K,Li,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,P,Pb,Sr,and Zn) in 23 plant species collected from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were investigated using ICP-OES.Results show that the average contents of Ca,K,Mg,Fe and P were higher than 1,000 mg/kg,those of Al,Na,Zn and Cr ranged between 10-1,000 mg/kg and those of Cu,Li,Pb and Mo were less than 10 mg/kg.The levels of Al,Ca,K,Mg and Na were within the scope of the reported terrestrial plant element content,those of Sr,Fe and Cr were higher than the average of the terrestrial plants and the maximum content of Mn was higher than the upper limit of the reported Mn content.The main character of the element content was of the Ca>K type,however,in terms of Cyperaceae species the element content character was K>Ca type.The contents of Ca,Li,Mg and Sr in Gramineae and Cyperaceae species were higher than those in other species and the contents of Ca,K,Mg,Fe,P,Al and Na in all collected plants were higher than those of other elements.Zn had weak variability with the lowest coefficient(i.e.,7.81%),while other elements had strong variability.The ratio of maximum content to minimum content indicated Ca and K had less change than other elements in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region.Element content of alpine vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region mainly shows a positive correlation,among which the correlation coefficient between Al and Pb,Al and Fe,Mo and Cr,Pb and Fe,Sr and Li were higher than 0.9,and negative correlation had no statistical significance.The correlation between Al and Fe,Mg,Mn in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were consistent with that reported in Kunlun Mountains.展开更多
We have reported that the roots of figleaf gourd(Cucurbita ficifolia,as rootstock) could improve the resistance of cucum-ber seedlings(Cucumis sativus L.cv.Jinyan 4,as scion) to 6 h stress at low temperature and low i...We have reported that the roots of figleaf gourd(Cucurbita ficifolia,as rootstock) could improve the resistance of cucum-ber seedlings(Cucumis sativus L.cv.Jinyan 4,as scion) to 6 h stress at low temperature and low irradiance [1].In this experiment,the relationship between the mineral elements uptake and photosynthetic activity of photosystems in figleaf gourd and cucumber seedlings were to be studied during lowtemperature(8 C) stress under lowirradiance(100 μmol m-2 s-1 PFD) for 5 days.Compared with control seedlings,the maximal photochemical efficiency of PS2(Fv/Fm) and the oxidizable P700(P700+) of both figleaf gourd and cucumber seedlings decreased,and both Fv/Fm and P700+ were lower in cucumber leaves than in figleaf gourd seedlings at the end of the stress.Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was higher in both leaves and roots of figleaf gourd than in leaves and roots of cucumber at both room temperature and low temperature.However,the product rate of O 2 was lower in figleaf gourd leaves than in cucumber leaves.Upon ex-posure to the stress,the malondialdehyde(MDA) content increased markedly in leaves and roots of figleaf gourd and cucumber seedlings,and it grewfaster in cucumber seedlings than that in figleaf gourd seedlings.Under adaptive conditions,some mineral elements(Such as Cu,Zn,Mn and Mg) have different contents in leaves and roots between figleaf gourd seedlings and cucumber seedlings.However,at the end of the stress these elements were accumulated apparently in both leaves and roots of figleaf gourd accompanied by no obvious change in cucumber seedlings.展开更多
The lithium potential in the Aïr massif is represented by mineral index of spodumene pegmatites and, lepidolite pegmatites. The mineral deposits of lithium occur in cluster or veins that cut the host rock or are ...The lithium potential in the Aïr massif is represented by mineral index of spodumene pegmatites and, lepidolite pegmatites. The mineral deposits of lithium occur in cluster or veins that cut the host rock or are located near the contact between the greenstone belt and granitic massif. The evidence of lithium is in the form of clusters or disseminated and stockwerk. Mineralogical characteristics show similarities between the Air Massif pegmatites and indicate the same homogenous source during the magma-generation process. The pegmatite rocks attracted the attention due to their wide exposure and composition, well appearance, and economically hosting of significant rare earth metals such as Sn and W. The mineralogical and petrographical investigations on the eight pegmatites rocks samples observed have a relative similarity, while a little difference in the shapes attributed to the ratio in the pegmatite rocks of the minerals. The occurrence of the kink band indicates the influence of the tectonic processes which affected the Aïr massif after the emplacement of late magmatic or post-magmatic pegmatites by injection into fractured rocks in the upper part of the crust. The Air Massif pegmatite has higher concentrations Li and of all trace elements except Hf and occasionally Zr, Ti, Sn and Mg of for the economic exploration.展开更多
This study investigated the correlations between mechanical properties and mineralogy of granite using the digital image processing(DIP) and discrete element method(DEM). The results showed that the X-ray diffraction(...This study investigated the correlations between mechanical properties and mineralogy of granite using the digital image processing(DIP) and discrete element method(DEM). The results showed that the X-ray diffraction(XRD)-based DIP method effectively analyzed the mineral composition contents and spatial distributions of granite. During the particle flow code(PFC2D) model calibration phase, the numerical simulation exhibited that the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) value, elastic modulus(E), and failure pattern of the granite specimen in the UCS test were comparable to the experiment. By establishing 351 sets of numerical models and exploring the impacts of mineral composition on the mechanical properties of granite, it indicated that there was no negative correlation between quartz and feldspar for UCS, tensile strength(σ_(t)), and E. In contrast, mica had a significant negative correlation for UCS, σ_(t), and E. The presence of quartz increased the brittleness of granite, whereas the presence of mica and feldspar increased its ductility in UCS and direct tensile strength(DTS) tests. Varying contents of major mineral compositions in granite showed minor influence on the number of cracks in both UCS and DTS tests.展开更多
Gneisses with anatectic characteristics from the Liansan island in the Sulu UHPM(ultra-high pressure metamorphic)belt were studied for petrography,titanite U-Pb dating and mineral geochemistry.Three origins of garnets...Gneisses with anatectic characteristics from the Liansan island in the Sulu UHPM(ultra-high pressure metamorphic)belt were studied for petrography,titanite U-Pb dating and mineral geochemistry.Three origins of garnets are distinguished:metamorphic garnet,peritectic garnet and anatectic garnet,which are formed in the stages of peak metamorphism,retrograde anatexis and melt crystallization,respectively.The euhedral titanite has a high content of REE and high Th/U ratios,which is interpreted as indicating that it was newly-formed from an anatectic melt.The LA-ICP-MS titanite U-Pb dating yields 214-217 Ma ages for the titanite(melt)crystallization.The distribution of trace elements varies in response to the different host minerals at different stages.At the peak metamorphic stage,Y and HREE are mainly hosted by garnet,Ba and Rb by phengite,Sr,Nb,Ta,Pb,Th,U and LREE by allanite and Y,U and HREE by zircon.During partial melting,Y,Pb,Th,U and REE are released into the melt,which causes a dramatic decline of these element contents in the retrograde minerals.Finally,titanite absorbs most of the Nb,U,LREE and HREE from the melt.Therefore,the different stages of metamorphism have different mineral assemblages,which host different trace elements.展开更多
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effect of K fertilizer on the absorption of mineral elements in greenhouse-grown strawberry fruits.[Methods]A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of K fertilizer dosage levels on the absorption of mineral elements in Fengxiang strawberries,an excellent variety suitable for cultivation in Anhui Province.The investigation was carried out under medium N and P conditions in a greenhouse.[Results]The N content of strawberry fruits increased as the K_(2)O dosage increased within the range of 0-250 kg/hm^(2).Similarly,the P content of strawberry fruits increased gradually with the increase of K_(2)O dosage within the range of 0-125 kg/hm^(2).[Conclusions]This study presents a basis for enhancing the absorption of mineral elements in strawberry fruit by applying K appropriately.
基金The National Mid-West Fund of China(2001BA901A47)the Knowledge Innovation Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CXLY-2002-08)
文摘In the present paper,the authors analysed 10 mineral elements in the roots of Rheum tanguticum collected from 30 different habitats.The mean concentration values of the 10 elements decreased as follows: Ca>Mg>K>Fe>Mn>Cr>Zn>Ni>Cu>Se. Ca,Mg,K and Fe were abundant in this herb.Most elements varied over a wide range depending on the different habitats.The mineral element data were evaluated by principal component analysis to reveal the distribution pattern of elements in root.Four principal components(K-Ca factor,Cu factor,Mg factor and Zn-Se factor) of plant elements were selected.The authors' study provided a new scientific foundation for further studies and general application of this Chinese herb.
基金This work was jointly supported by the following grants:The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701866 and 31870576)The Youth Fund of Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2016CQ27)+1 种基金The National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1000500)the Key R&D project of Shandong Province(2018GNC110007).
文摘Manganese(Mn)is one of the essential microelements in all organisms.However,high level of Mn is deleterious to plants.In this study,the effects of exogenous manganese application on mineral element,polyamine(PA)and antioxidant accumulation,as well as polyamine metabolic and antioxidant enzyme activities,were investigated in Malus robusta Rehd.,a widely grown apple rootstock.High level of Mn treatments decreased endogenous Mg,Na,K and Ca contents,but increased Zn content,in a Mn-concentration-dependent manner.Polyamine metabolic assays revealed that,except the content of perchloric acid insoluble bound(PIS-bound)spermine,which increased significantly,the contents of putrescine(Put),spermidine(Spd)and spermine(Spm)all decreased progressively,accompanied with the decreased activities of arginine decarboxylase(ADC,EC 4.1.1.19)and ornithine decarboxylase(ODC,EC 4.1.1.17),and the increased activities of diamine oxidase(DAO,EC 1.4.3.6)and polyamine oxidase(PAO,EC 1.5.3.3).Further antioxidant capacity analyses demonstrated that contents of anthocyanin,non-protein thiols(NPT)and soluble sugar,and the activities of guaiacol peroxidase(POD,EC 1.11.1.7),catalase(CAT,EC 1.11.1.6)and superoxide dismutase(SOD,EC 1.15.1.1),also increased upon different concentrations of Mn treatments.Our results suggest that endogenous ion homeostasis is affected by high level of Mn application,and polyamine and antioxidant metabolism is involved in the responses of M.robusta Rehd.plants to high level of Mn stress.
基金Supported by National College Students'Innouation and Entrepreneurship Trainning Program(No.202110183249)。
文摘To assess the indicative function of the fingerprint characteristics of mineral elements for small agricultural producing areas,20 sets of soil surface samples and corresponding rice samples were collected from Songyuan and Hunchun of Jilin Province,China.Forty-six mineral elements of brown rice,soil,and rice husk were examined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Ten characteristic elements(Li,Ag,Y,Bi,U,Eu,Er,Rb,Mo and As)were identified via multivariate statistics(Variance importance value analysis and rank sum test in SPSS and SIMCA software packages).The correlation of mineral elements in brown rice,soil,and rice husks of the two sample areas was analyzed and regression analysis models of characteristic mineral elements in brown rice were developed.The results indicate that a correlation exists among brown rice,soil,and rice husks in the same area,and the correlation tests using selected elements showed that all correlation coefficients were 0.65 or above.Differences in brown rice were found between different regions.Consequently,brown rice producing areas can be distinguished by the fingerprint characteristics of mineral elements.
文摘This study determined mineral value and antioxidant activity of Senegal fruits for contributing to improving healthy diet and preventing some chronic diseases. Mineral element contents of Dialium guineense, Landolphia heudelotti, Mangifera indica, Cyperus esculentus and Saba senegalensis, which are widely available and consumed, were studied. The results by ICP-OES spectrophotometry after acid mineralization showed highest levels of (per 100 g fruits), calcium (158 mg), potassium (1018 mg), magnesium (532 mg), zinc (26 mg) with juice of Landolphia heudelotti fruit pulp. Mangifera indica pulp is richer in sodium (89 mg), phosphorus (556 mg), sulphur (384 mg) and silicon (110 mg). Dialium senegalensis pulp is richer in iron (23 mg) and manganese (19 mg). Lyophilized Cyperus esculentus rhizomes analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry gave highest concentrations of (per 100 g fruits), calcium (2550 mg), potassium (11,843 mg) and magnesium (7669 mg) but sodium content (22 mg) is lower. In vitro antioxidant activity evaluation with the DPPH radical showed for 10 mg/ml concentration, highest inhibition percentage for Saba senegalensis 4.03%, followed by Landolphia heudelotti and Dialium guineense, which were significantly similar 2.29% and 2.20% respectively, Mangifera indica 1.7% and finally Cyperus esculentus 0.5%, but much lower compared to the ascorbic acid equal to 96.32% used as a reference.
基金HarvestPlus for funding development of high Zinc rice
文摘Malnutrition is one of the prevailing health problems worldwide, affecting a large proportion of the populations in rice-consuming countries. Breeding rice varieties with increased concentrations of elements in the grain is considered the most cost-effective approach to alleviate malnutrition. Development of molecular markers for high grain concentrations of essential elements, particularly Zn, for use in marker-assisted selection (MAS) can hasten breeding efforts to develop rice varieties with nutrient-dense grain. We performed QTL mapping for four agronomic traits: days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of tillers, grain yield, and 13 grain elements: As, B, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, and Zn, in two doubled-haploid populations derived from the crosses IR64 × IR69428 and BR29 × IR75862. These populations were phenotyped during 2015DS and 2015WS at IRRI, Los Ba os, The Philippines, and genotyped them with a 6 K SNP chip. Inclusive composite interval mapping revealed 15 QTL for agronomic traits and 50 QTL for grain element concentration. Of these, eight QTL showed phenotypic variance of >25% and 11 QTL were consistent across seasons. There were seven QTL co-localization regions containing QTL for more than two traits. Twenty five epistatic interactions were detected for two agronomic traits and seven mineral elements. Several DH lines with high Fe and Zn in polished rice were identified. These lines can be used as donors for breeding high-Zn rice varieties. Some of the major QTL can be further validated and used in MAS to improve the concentrations of nutritive elements in rice grain.
文摘The objective of this paper is to research the effects of CdCl2 treatment on mineral elements and amino acids in leaves of Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis. The seedlings of Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis with 6 leaf were cultured in 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solutions of different CdCl2 treatments (0, 0.5, 5 and 10 mg·L-1), respectively. The mineral elements and amino acids of the leaves in Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis were measured in the day 30. Compared with the control (0 mg·L-1 CdCl2), the treatments significantly decreased the contents of Mg, Fe and Zn in the tested leaves and obviously increased the contents of Cd in the experimental leaves. As to Ca and Mn, low concentration Cd treatment (0.5 mg·L-1 CdCl2) promoted their absorption, however, high concentration Cd treatments (5 and 10 mg·L-1 CdCl2) inhibited their absorption. The metabolism pathway and content of amino acids in the Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis leaves under Cd treatment were modified, the content of amino acids in the glycolate pathway became larger than that in control, the content of amino acids in the pyruvic acid synthesis pathway and tyrosine and phenylalanine became smaller than that in control, the content of other amino acids also had made a certain degree change. The results provided the important basis for safety production and quality evaluation of leaves in Malus hupehensis var. pingyiensis.
文摘Eight-element contents of 653 unpolished rice samples harvested from Xingping experiment farm, Yunnan Province under thc same ecological conditions were analyzed by ICP-AES method. The mineral elements content were closely related to low diversity, high-yielding, and multi-resistance breeding; The K, Mg, Ca and Mn content in high-yielding and resistant varieties were high, and other nutrients such as P, Fe, Zn and Cu were low, which was connected with the heredity and physiological mechanism of mineral nutrients. There is zonal distribution of mineral elements content from Yunnan rice, especially for P, Fe, Zn and Cu co-related with the diversity center, paddy versus upland, glutinous and non-glutinous, glumc-hair versus nuda, rice color, rice flavor, soft rice versus non-soft rice, but it did not find any association with indica-japonica types. The results supported the ecological variety group view of 5-grade taxonomic system "species-subspecies-ccological groups-ecological variety groups - varietal types" .
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program (2012BAD39B04-3)Yangzhou city societal development item (YZ2010080)
文摘[Objective]In order to compare the general egg qualities and mineral element contents of different layers,six commercial breeds in brown shell layer,including Lohmann,Jinghong,Hyline,Xinyang,Hisax,ISA,Suqing green shell layer and Wenchang chicken were used as materials.The general egg quality traits and mineral elements contents of eight breeds at 43 weeks old were mensurated.[Result] There were significant differences in general egg qualities(except yolk weight)of eight breeds.About the mineral element contents,the differences were significant only in P,Mn and Se of some breeds in this experiment.[Conclusion]The results in this study could provide the reference for further researcher,layer producers,nutritionists,consumers and so on.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30260060)a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan,China(2002C0077M).
文摘Correlations between four grain quality, 24 plant morphological traits and eight element contents of 653 accessions fromYunnan rice were analyzed. P, K, Ca and Mg contents of core collection were closely correlated to the most plant morphologicaland grain quality traits, and there were highly significant correlations (P ＜0.01) among some traits including P content to number ofstems and tillers, K content and amylose content, Ca content and plant height, Mg content and protein content. Mn, Zn, Cu and Fecontents of core collection were closely related to a few traits, such as Fe content and gel consistency (-0.1121 **), Zn content andseed setting rate (-0.1411 **), Cu content and number of grains per panicle (-0.1398**), Mn content and plant height (-0.2492**).
基金financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(201130106-2)the Innovation and Sustainable Development Research on Forest Carbon Sink in Karamay
文摘Halophytes are valuable salt-, alkali-and drought-resistant germplasm resources. However, the characteristics of mineral elements in halophytes have not been investigated as intensively as those in crops. This study attempted to investigate the characteristics of mineral elements for annual halophytes during their growth period to reveal their possible physiological mechanisms of salt resistance. By using three native annual halophytes (Salsola subcrassa, Suaeda acuminate and Petrosimonia sibirica) distributed in the desert in Northern Xinjiang of China, the dynamic changes in the mineral element contents of annual halophytes were analyzed through field sampling and laboratory analyses. The results demonstrated that the annual halophytes were able to absorb water and mineral nutrients selectively. In the interaction between the annual halophytes and saline soil, the adaptability of the annual halophytes was manifested as the accumulation of S, Na and Cl during the growth period and maintenance of water and salt balance in the plant, thus ensuring their selective absorption of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and other mineral nutrients according to their growth demand. By utilizing this property, halophyte planting and mowing (before the wilting and death periods) could bioremediate heavy saline-alkali soil.
文摘The effects of 60Co γ ray irradiation on the contents of rare earth and mineral elements and their relativities in the fruitbodies of Agaricus biazei Murvill and their relativities were studied. The results show that there are significant difference at the 0.01 level in the contents of rare earth and mineral elements in the fruitbodies among different treatments, and that the variational laws of different elements contents are different with the varieties of the dosages accordingly. Thereinto, the contents of Pr and Mo increase with the increase of the dosage, but they decrease when the dosage are in a certain degree(1.5 KGy). But the Yb content decreases with the increase of the dosage. The variational laws of the contents of K and Cu were similar along with the variety of the dosage, and they all decrease with the increase of the dosage. But the contents of them increase and are higher than that of the three anterior treatments(0, 0.5, 1.0 KGy) when the dosage are 1.5 KGy. It can be seen that the contents of rare earth and mineral elements in the fruitbodies have something to do with the dosages in different degrees, and that rare earth also has something to do with mineral elements in different degrees. Thereinto there lied good linear relationship between the content of Yb and the dosage.
文摘Objective: This paper mainly discusses and summarises the potential issues of pollution caused by the Mineral elements, Mercury, Lead and Arsenic, its possible impacts on the human beings and the suggested solutions. Methods: This paper is prepared by reviewing the latest academic literatures. Result: First, this article discusses two aspects including the effects of Mercury, Lead and Arsenic on the Chinese herbal medicine and the potential issues of causing the environmental pollution. And then further study its toxicity effects and the side impacts on the human bodies in order to realize the actual circumstances people are encountering nowadays. This paper will also the corresponding its treatment method of reviews. Hope this will provide a valuable reference. Conclusion: Theses issues caused by the Mineral elements are prominent nowadays, thus the ongoing researches on the impacts of pollution and the possible solutions are regarded as highly valued in order to conserve the natural environment and meanwhile safeguard the well beings of people and the future offspring.
文摘Sor</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">i</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">z (</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><i></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:"">Sorghum</span></i></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> <i>oryzoidum</i></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><i><span style="font-family:""></i></span></i></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">) is a relatively new cereal of hybrid origin ob</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">tained at the Research Institute for Maize and Sorghum of Moldova. This paper presents and analy</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">z</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">es the results of the study of essential minerals content (K, Na, Ca, P, Mg, Fe) in native and hulled sorghum grains and their changes <span>under the effect of hydrothermal treatment. The results show that the sorghum grains are a good source of essential minerals, especially of K, P and</span> Mg and are less rich in Ca, Na and Fe. The experimental data have demonstrated that the technological process applied to obtain hulled sorghum leads to a considerable decrease </span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">in</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> minerals content. Culinary treatment had a greater impact on the K content and lower on P and Mg content. The results will be used to op<span>timize the parameters of raw material processing and culinary</span> treatment with <span>the aim of minimizing the mineral loss as well as for </span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the </span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">nutritional value</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> balance of sor</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">i</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">z sorghum dishes.
基金Supported by the General Program of Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2016-ZJ-906)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explain the accumulation characteristic of mineral elements in alpine grassland plants and the effect of supplementary supply on the nutrient changes of mineral elements. [Method]Potted Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai plants were regularly applied with liquid mineral mixed fertilizers,and samples were collected for analysis and detection. [Result] After the regular spraying of liquid mineral mixed fertilizers,the mineral elements in potted P. crymophila and its soil reduced( P < 0. 05),but the accumulation of corresponding mineral elements of P. crymophila in the control group was increased due to the " Starvation Effect",which was one of the endogenetic forces driving the increase in the accumulation of mineral elements. [Conclusion]This study is of great significance for the study of the accumulation of mineral elements in degraded grassland plants and its dynamic mechanism,as well as testing the hypothesis of the Starvation Effect of mineral elements. In addition,it also provides scientific bases and technical support for the restoration and remediation of degraded grassland and the development of ecological livestock husbandry.
基金by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31100337)National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2005CB422005)
文摘The content characteristics of 16 elements(Al,Ca,Cr,Cu,Fe,K,Li,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,P,Pb,Sr,and Zn) in 23 plant species collected from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were investigated using ICP-OES.Results show that the average contents of Ca,K,Mg,Fe and P were higher than 1,000 mg/kg,those of Al,Na,Zn and Cr ranged between 10-1,000 mg/kg and those of Cu,Li,Pb and Mo were less than 10 mg/kg.The levels of Al,Ca,K,Mg and Na were within the scope of the reported terrestrial plant element content,those of Sr,Fe and Cr were higher than the average of the terrestrial plants and the maximum content of Mn was higher than the upper limit of the reported Mn content.The main character of the element content was of the Ca>K type,however,in terms of Cyperaceae species the element content character was K>Ca type.The contents of Ca,Li,Mg and Sr in Gramineae and Cyperaceae species were higher than those in other species and the contents of Ca,K,Mg,Fe,P,Al and Na in all collected plants were higher than those of other elements.Zn had weak variability with the lowest coefficient(i.e.,7.81%),while other elements had strong variability.The ratio of maximum content to minimum content indicated Ca and K had less change than other elements in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region.Element content of alpine vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region mainly shows a positive correlation,among which the correlation coefficient between Al and Pb,Al and Fe,Mo and Cr,Pb and Fe,Sr and Li were higher than 0.9,and negative correlation had no statistical significance.The correlation between Al and Fe,Mg,Mn in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were consistent with that reported in Kunlun Mountains.
基金This research was supported by the Natural Science Foun-dation of China(30571126,30671242)the Scientific Research Encouragement Foundation for Outstanding Young and Middleaged Scientists of Shandong Province,China(2005BS06003)
文摘We have reported that the roots of figleaf gourd(Cucurbita ficifolia,as rootstock) could improve the resistance of cucum-ber seedlings(Cucumis sativus L.cv.Jinyan 4,as scion) to 6 h stress at low temperature and low irradiance [1].In this experiment,the relationship between the mineral elements uptake and photosynthetic activity of photosystems in figleaf gourd and cucumber seedlings were to be studied during lowtemperature(8 C) stress under lowirradiance(100 μmol m-2 s-1 PFD) for 5 days.Compared with control seedlings,the maximal photochemical efficiency of PS2(Fv/Fm) and the oxidizable P700(P700+) of both figleaf gourd and cucumber seedlings decreased,and both Fv/Fm and P700+ were lower in cucumber leaves than in figleaf gourd seedlings at the end of the stress.Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was higher in both leaves and roots of figleaf gourd than in leaves and roots of cucumber at both room temperature and low temperature.However,the product rate of O 2 was lower in figleaf gourd leaves than in cucumber leaves.Upon ex-posure to the stress,the malondialdehyde(MDA) content increased markedly in leaves and roots of figleaf gourd and cucumber seedlings,and it grewfaster in cucumber seedlings than that in figleaf gourd seedlings.Under adaptive conditions,some mineral elements(Such as Cu,Zn,Mn and Mg) have different contents in leaves and roots between figleaf gourd seedlings and cucumber seedlings.However,at the end of the stress these elements were accumulated apparently in both leaves and roots of figleaf gourd accompanied by no obvious change in cucumber seedlings.
文摘The lithium potential in the Aïr massif is represented by mineral index of spodumene pegmatites and, lepidolite pegmatites. The mineral deposits of lithium occur in cluster or veins that cut the host rock or are located near the contact between the greenstone belt and granitic massif. The evidence of lithium is in the form of clusters or disseminated and stockwerk. Mineralogical characteristics show similarities between the Air Massif pegmatites and indicate the same homogenous source during the magma-generation process. The pegmatite rocks attracted the attention due to their wide exposure and composition, well appearance, and economically hosting of significant rare earth metals such as Sn and W. The mineralogical and petrographical investigations on the eight pegmatites rocks samples observed have a relative similarity, while a little difference in the shapes attributed to the ratio in the pegmatite rocks of the minerals. The occurrence of the kink band indicates the influence of the tectonic processes which affected the Aïr massif after the emplacement of late magmatic or post-magmatic pegmatites by injection into fractured rocks in the upper part of the crust. The Air Massif pegmatite has higher concentrations Li and of all trace elements except Hf and occasionally Zr, Ti, Sn and Mg of for the economic exploration.
基金This research was supported by the Department of Mining Engineering at the University of Utah.In addition,the lead author wishes to acknowledge the financial support received from the Talent Introduction Project,part of the Elite Program of Shandong University of Science and Technology(No.0104060540171).
文摘This study investigated the correlations between mechanical properties and mineralogy of granite using the digital image processing(DIP) and discrete element method(DEM). The results showed that the X-ray diffraction(XRD)-based DIP method effectively analyzed the mineral composition contents and spatial distributions of granite. During the particle flow code(PFC2D) model calibration phase, the numerical simulation exhibited that the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) value, elastic modulus(E), and failure pattern of the granite specimen in the UCS test were comparable to the experiment. By establishing 351 sets of numerical models and exploring the impacts of mineral composition on the mechanical properties of granite, it indicated that there was no negative correlation between quartz and feldspar for UCS, tensile strength(σ_(t)), and E. In contrast, mica had a significant negative correlation for UCS, σ_(t), and E. The presence of quartz increased the brittleness of granite, whereas the presence of mica and feldspar increased its ductility in UCS and direct tensile strength(DTS) tests. Varying contents of major mineral compositions in granite showed minor influence on the number of cracks in both UCS and DTS tests.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42172067,41972064,U1906207)the SDUST Research Fund。
文摘Gneisses with anatectic characteristics from the Liansan island in the Sulu UHPM(ultra-high pressure metamorphic)belt were studied for petrography,titanite U-Pb dating and mineral geochemistry.Three origins of garnets are distinguished:metamorphic garnet,peritectic garnet and anatectic garnet,which are formed in the stages of peak metamorphism,retrograde anatexis and melt crystallization,respectively.The euhedral titanite has a high content of REE and high Th/U ratios,which is interpreted as indicating that it was newly-formed from an anatectic melt.The LA-ICP-MS titanite U-Pb dating yields 214-217 Ma ages for the titanite(melt)crystallization.The distribution of trace elements varies in response to the different host minerals at different stages.At the peak metamorphic stage,Y and HREE are mainly hosted by garnet,Ba and Rb by phengite,Sr,Nb,Ta,Pb,Th,U and LREE by allanite and Y,U and HREE by zircon.During partial melting,Y,Pb,Th,U and REE are released into the melt,which causes a dramatic decline of these element contents in the retrograde minerals.Finally,titanite absorbs most of the Nb,U,LREE and HREE from the melt.Therefore,the different stages of metamorphism have different mineral assemblages,which host different trace elements.
