Based on the intersection point rule of the retention value and normal boiling point of homologues in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RPLC), the intersection point rule of the retention value of ...Based on the intersection point rule of the retention value and normal boiling point of homologues in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RPLC), the intersection point rule of the retention value of homologues and mobile phase composition has been derived, and was testified by a lot of experimental data from the literature. With this newly proposed equation, we can use the retention value of the compound in one mobile phase composition to predict its retention value in any other mobile phase composition. For fourteen groups of homologues in five mobile phase compositions on five Kinds of columns, the overall average absolute error of 721 data sets is 2.8%.展开更多
Thr extract of E. containing recombinant human interferon- (rhIFN-) with 7.0 mol/L guanidine hydrochloride (Gu . HCl) was directly injected into a column of reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) to separate and p...Thr extract of E. containing recombinant human interferon- (rhIFN-) with 7.0 mol/L guanidine hydrochloride (Gu . HCl) was directly injected into a column of reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) to separate and purify rhIFN- with acetic acid-water as mobile phase. Gu I-ICI and most impure proteins can be separated by this way. Compared with the usual dilution method, the bioactivity recovery of the purified rhIFN- was found to be over 500%. In addition, compared to common organic solvents employed ill RPLC, acetic acid has higher freezing point, and therefore, it is easy to concentrate the aim-protein by freeze-drying when acetic acid-water is used as mobile phase ill RPLC.展开更多
This paper reports the development and validation of an assay for the determination of acetonitrile in the recycled mobile phase using high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The method is based on that the re...This paper reports the development and validation of an assay for the determination of acetonitrile in the recycled mobile phase using high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The method is based on that the retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography increases with decreasing concentration of organic phase in the mobile phase. The natural logarithm of the capacity ratio for a given solute is linearly related to the volume fraction of the organic modifier in the mobile phase. For dimethylphthalate and diethylphthalate, the linearity range is 30%--60%, and for biphenyl and terphenyl, the range is 60%--95%. Precision values（RSD） were both 〈1% and the accuracy（RE） was in the range of ±1%. The assay was successfully applied to the determination of acetonitrile concentration of recycled mobile phase after the distillation of the column eluent in our laboratory.展开更多
There are many compounds with different structures and chemical properties in Evodiae Fructus. It is hard to simultaneously determine the bioactive compounds by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. A new me...There are many compounds with different structures and chemical properties in Evodiae Fructus. It is hard to simultaneously determine the bioactive compounds by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. A new method was proposed for four bioactive compounds（synephrine, limonoids, evodiamine and rutecarpine） to be separated completely and determined accurately using ionic liquids（ILs） as mobile phase additives. The mechanism and the effect of the ILs for changing the chromatographic behaviors of the four compounds were studied by systemati- cally changing the pH value of mobile phase, the types and concentrations of ILs as well as the concentrations of phosphate buffer. The chromatographic behaviors of the analytes with a mobile phase containing ILs complied with the stoichiometric displacement model for retention（SDM-R）. All results demonstrate the dual nature of ionic liquids, which are competitive adsorption and ion-pair agent. Meanwhile, excellent linearity was observed for all the com- pounds with correlation coefficients between 0.9992 and 0.9998. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification of the four compounds varied from 0.47μg/mL to 0.87 μg/mL and from 1.79 μg/mL to 2.44μg/mL, respectively. Three kinds of Evodiae Fructus processed through different methods were analyzed via the method. The result shows that the contents of evodiamine and rutecarpine as the two main active compounds by processing with vinegar and salt are obviously higher than those of the raw products.展开更多
Chirality is one of the fundamental attributes of nature, which exists in different or even completely opposite metabolic,toxicological and pharmacological properties in organisms. Consequently, obtaining enantiomeric...Chirality is one of the fundamental attributes of nature, which exists in different or even completely opposite metabolic,toxicological and pharmacological properties in organisms. Consequently, obtaining enantiomerically pure drugs or optically active intermediates is highly desired in many fields like medicine, food and biochemistry. Thereby, it also promoted the development of various enantiomer selective separation techniques. Among the many chiral separation methods, chiral mobile phase additives(CMPAs) are widely used in various chromatographic techniques due to their simple operation,good versatility and low price. There have been a number of reviews on the research progress of CMPAs in last 2 decades,but they only reviewed the application of CMPAs in one specific chromatographic technique. Therefore, to provide a more comprehensive illustration of CMPAs in separation technology, their applications in high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, countercurrent chromatography, nano-liquid chromatography were summarized and their advantages and disadvantages were briefly introduced in this critical review. The application of molecular simulation in the study of chiral separation mechanism was briefly summarized. We expect that it will provide researchers with the latest developments in this field and potential inspirations.展开更多
The chiral separations of four pharmaceutical racemates which contain N-alkyl groups were satisfactorily resolved using SBE-β-CD as a chiral mobile phase additive （CMPA） in a RP-HPLC system （the resolution is 2.70...The chiral separations of four pharmaceutical racemates which contain N-alkyl groups were satisfactorily resolved using SBE-β-CD as a chiral mobile phase additive （CMPA） in a RP-HPLC system （the resolution is 2.701 for ondansetron hydrochloride, 1.996 for sulpiride, 1.293 for clenbuterol hydrochloride and 0.816 for omeprazole）. In addition, the effects of different parameters such as CD type and CD concentration were investigated. The separation mechanism arises through the combination of several potential interactions, including electrostatic interactions as well as hydrogen bonding interactions and hydrophobic inclusion interactions, which allow for the SBE-β-CD-drug complexation with strong stereoselectivity and stability. The resolution also relates to the number and location of N atoms in the enantiomers. This method will be applicable to the isolation of various types of biologically imoortant enantiomers containing N-alkyl groups.展开更多
A computer-assisted method is presented for optimization of mobile phase compositions and development distance in gradient two-step development HPTLC. The method is based on a system which can predict the final R(f) v...A computer-assisted method is presented for optimization of mobile phase compositions and development distance in gradient two-step development HPTLC. The method is based on a system which can predict the final R(f) values for gradient two-step development from values measured using five preliminary runs. The statistical scanning method is then used for optimization, using R(f) difference as the selection criterion. The method was evaluated using a mixture of eight components. Excellent agreement was obtained between predicted and experimental results.展开更多
A computer-assisted method is presented for optimization for the selection of mobile phase composition in semi-preparative HPLC.The optimization for the expected separation is based on a polynomial estimation from fiv...A computer-assisted method is presented for optimization for the selection of mobile phase composition in semi-preparative HPLC.The optimization for the expected separation is based on a polynomial estimation from five preliminary runs.Statistical scanning technique was used for optimization.Double criteria simulation system (DCSS) is established for chromatographic perfor- mance measurement in this method.The validity of the optimization strategy is confirmed by applying it to a technical Cypermethrin separation.Excellent agreement is obtained between the predicted and experimental results.展开更多
The basic principle of optimal method called “moving overlapping resolution mapping Method” to select the optimal binary mobile phase composition of multi-step linear gradient liquid chromatography is discussed with...The basic principle of optimal method called “moving overlapping resolution mapping Method” to select the optimal binary mobile phase composition of multi-step linear gradient liquid chromatography is discussed with simultaneously considering effects of position of solute inside the column and mobile phase composition on peak resolution and retention value, then a BASIC program based on this principle is developed in IBM-PC computer. The validities of both principle of optimization and BASIC program are confirmed by separation of samples Containing bile acids and PAHs in RP-HPLC.展开更多
We investigate the strain in various Ge-on-insulator （GeOI） micro-structures induced by three phase-change maferials （PCMs） （Ge2Sb2Te5, Sb2Te3, GeTe） deposited. The PCMs could change the phase from amorphous sta...We investigate the strain in various Ge-on-insulator （GeOI） micro-structures induced by three phase-change maferials （PCMs） （Ge2Sb2Te5, Sb2Te3, GeTe） deposited. The PCMs could change the phase from amorphous state to polycrystalline state with a low temperature thermal annealing, resulting in an intrinsic contraction in the PCM films. Raman spectroscopy analysis is performed to compare the strain induced in the GeOI micro- structures by various PCMs. By comparison, Sb2 Tea could induce the largest amount of tensile strain in the GeOI micro-structures after the low temperature annealing. Based on the strain calculated from the Raman peak shifts, finite element numerical simulation is performed to calculate the strain-induced electron mobility enhancement for Ge n-MOSFETs with PCM liner stressors. With the adoption of Sb2 Te3 liner stressor, 22% electron mobility enhancement at Xinv=1×10^13cm^-2 could be achieved, suggesting that PCM especially Sb2 Te3 liner stressor is a promising technique for the performance enhancement of Ge MOSFETs.展开更多
We investigate the electronic structures and phase stability of ZnO, CdO and the related alloys in rocksalt（B1）and wurzite（B4） crystal, using the first-principle density functional theory within the hybrid functio...We investigate the electronic structures and phase stability of ZnO, CdO and the related alloys in rocksalt（B1）and wurzite（B4） crystal, using the first-principle density functional theory within the hybrid functional approximation. By varying the concentration of Zn components from 0% to 100%, we find that the Zn_xCd（1-x）O alloy undergoes a phase transition from octahedron to tetrahedron at x = 0.32, in agreement with the recent experimental findings. The phase transition leads to a mutation of the electron mobility originated from the changes of the effective mass. Our results qualify Zn O/Cd O alloy as an attractive candidate for photo-electrochemical and solar cell power applications.展开更多
A linear solvation energy relationships（LSERs） model was used to examine the fundamental chemical interactions governing the retention of 9 organic compounds on a C18 column by means of reversed-phase high performan...A linear solvation energy relationships（LSERs） model was used to examine the fundamental chemical interactions governing the retention of 9 organic compounds on a C18 column by means of reversed-phase high performance liquid cbromatography（RP-HPLC）. Three ionic liquids, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate （[Hmin][BF4]）, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate（[Bmin][BF4]） and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate（[OMIm][BF4]） as additives, were added to a methanol-water mobile phase. The effects of these three ionic liquids additives on the retention of nine organic compounds were investigated, and a comparison between the predicted and experimental retention factors was made via the LSERs model, which indicated that the LSERs model could be used to reproduce the experimental retention factors of the solutes under different mobile phase conditions. It is also a useful tool for modeling the interactions of the solutes between the stationary and mobile phases and evaluating the retention characteristics of HPLC.展开更多
This paper proposes the use of novel surfactant additives for the separation of organic acids by ion-pair chromatography and studies the influences of surfactants on the chromatographic separation behaviors.Researches...This paper proposes the use of novel surfactant additives for the separation of organic acids by ion-pair chromatography and studies the influences of surfactants on the chromatographic separation behaviors.Researches have been carried out on both silica gel matrix and polymer supporters in order to compare the two ordinary kinds of stationary phases,and the phenomenon is similar. Separation is based on differences in the stabilities of analyte-additive complexes in solution.Retention times of analytes can ...展开更多
This paper presents a VHF（30-300 MHz） RF programmable gain amplifier（PGA） with an adaptive phase correction technique.The proposed technique effectively mitigates phase errors over the VHF band,and the RFPGA as a ...This paper presents a VHF（30-300 MHz） RF programmable gain amplifier（PGA） with an adaptive phase correction technique.The proposed technique effectively mitigates phase errors over the VHF band,and the RFPGA as a whole satisfies all the specifications of the China mobile multimedia broadcasting VHF band applications.The RFPGA is implemented with a TSMC 0.25μm CMOS process.Measurement results reveal a gain range of around 61 dB,an ⅡP3 of-7 dBm at maximum gain,a power consumption of 10.2 mA at maximum gain,and a phase imbalance of less than 0.3 degrees.展开更多
AIM: Variation in structure-related components in plant products prompted the trend to establish methods, using multiple or total analog analysis, for their effective quality control. However, the general use of routi...AIM: Variation in structure-related components in plant products prompted the trend to establish methods, using multiple or total analog analysis, for their effective quality control. However, the general use of routine quality control is restricted by the limited availability of reference substances. Using an easily available single marker as a reference standard to determine multiple or total analogs should be a practical option. METHOD: In this study, the Ultra-HPLC method was used for the baseline separation of the main components in ginseng extracts. Using a plant chemical component database, ginsenosides in ginseng extracts were identified by Ultra-HPLC-MS analysis. The charged aerosol detection(CAD) system with post-column compensation of the gradient generates a similar response for identical amounts of different analytes, and thus, the content of each ginsenoside in ginseng extracts was determined by comparing the analyte peak area with the reference standard(determination of total analogs by single marker, DTSM). The total ginsenoside content was determined by the summation of reference standard and other ginsenoside components. RESULTS: The results showed that DTSM approaches were available for the determination of total ginsenosides in a high purity ginseng extract because of the removal of impurities. In contrast, DTSM approaches might be suitable for determination of multiple ginsenosides without interference from impurities in the crude ginseng extract. CONCLUSION: Future practical studies similar to the present study should be conducted to verify that DTSM approaches based on CAD with post-column inverse gradient for uniform response are ideal for the quality control of plant products.展开更多
文摘Based on the intersection point rule of the retention value and normal boiling point of homologues in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RPLC), the intersection point rule of the retention value of homologues and mobile phase composition has been derived, and was testified by a lot of experimental data from the literature. With this newly proposed equation, we can use the retention value of the compound in one mobile phase composition to predict its retention value in any other mobile phase composition. For fourteen groups of homologues in five mobile phase compositions on five Kinds of columns, the overall average absolute error of 721 data sets is 2.8%.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China!(29675017,39880003)
文摘Thr extract of E. containing recombinant human interferon- (rhIFN-) with 7.0 mol/L guanidine hydrochloride (Gu . HCl) was directly injected into a column of reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) to separate and purify rhIFN- with acetic acid-water as mobile phase. Gu I-ICI and most impure proteins can be separated by this way. Compared with the usual dilution method, the bioactivity recovery of the purified rhIFN- was found to be over 500%. In addition, compared to common organic solvents employed ill RPLC, acetic acid has higher freezing point, and therefore, it is easy to concentrate the aim-protein by freeze-drying when acetic acid-water is used as mobile phase ill RPLC.
文摘This paper reports the development and validation of an assay for the determination of acetonitrile in the recycled mobile phase using high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The method is based on that the retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography increases with decreasing concentration of organic phase in the mobile phase. The natural logarithm of the capacity ratio for a given solute is linearly related to the volume fraction of the organic modifier in the mobile phase. For dimethylphthalate and diethylphthalate, the linearity range is 30%--60%, and for biphenyl and terphenyl, the range is 60%--95%. Precision values（RSD） were both 〈1% and the accuracy（RE） was in the range of ±1%. The assay was successfully applied to the determination of acetonitrile concentration of recycled mobile phase after the distillation of the column eluent in our laboratory.
文摘There are many compounds with different structures and chemical properties in Evodiae Fructus. It is hard to simultaneously determine the bioactive compounds by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. A new method was proposed for four bioactive compounds（synephrine, limonoids, evodiamine and rutecarpine） to be separated completely and determined accurately using ionic liquids（ILs） as mobile phase additives. The mechanism and the effect of the ILs for changing the chromatographic behaviors of the four compounds were studied by systemati- cally changing the pH value of mobile phase, the types and concentrations of ILs as well as the concentrations of phosphate buffer. The chromatographic behaviors of the analytes with a mobile phase containing ILs complied with the stoichiometric displacement model for retention（SDM-R）. All results demonstrate the dual nature of ionic liquids, which are competitive adsorption and ion-pair agent. Meanwhile, excellent linearity was observed for all the com- pounds with correlation coefficients between 0.9992 and 0.9998. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification of the four compounds varied from 0.47μg/mL to 0.87 μg/mL and from 1.79 μg/mL to 2.44μg/mL, respectively. Three kinds of Evodiae Fructus processed through different methods were analyzed via the method. The result shows that the contents of evodiamine and rutecarpine as the two main active compounds by processing with vinegar and salt are obviously higher than those of the raw products.
基金financially funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1905500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21922409,21976131)Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology(18JCZDJC37500)
文摘Chirality is one of the fundamental attributes of nature, which exists in different or even completely opposite metabolic,toxicological and pharmacological properties in organisms. Consequently, obtaining enantiomerically pure drugs or optically active intermediates is highly desired in many fields like medicine, food and biochemistry. Thereby, it also promoted the development of various enantiomer selective separation techniques. Among the many chiral separation methods, chiral mobile phase additives(CMPAs) are widely used in various chromatographic techniques due to their simple operation,good versatility and low price. There have been a number of reviews on the research progress of CMPAs in last 2 decades,but they only reviewed the application of CMPAs in one specific chromatographic technique. Therefore, to provide a more comprehensive illustration of CMPAs in separation technology, their applications in high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, countercurrent chromatography, nano-liquid chromatography were summarized and their advantages and disadvantages were briefly introduced in this critical review. The application of molecular simulation in the study of chiral separation mechanism was briefly summarized. We expect that it will provide researchers with the latest developments in this field and potential inspirations.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Special Projects(Nos.2012ZX 09301-002-001 and 2012 ZX09301-002-006)the Research and Application of New Efficient Analytical Technologies and Methods in Drug Quality Control and Drug Safety(No.2011IM030200)the State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines Open Project(No.GTZK201310)
文摘The chiral separations of four pharmaceutical racemates which contain N-alkyl groups were satisfactorily resolved using SBE-β-CD as a chiral mobile phase additive （CMPA） in a RP-HPLC system （the resolution is 2.701 for ondansetron hydrochloride, 1.996 for sulpiride, 1.293 for clenbuterol hydrochloride and 0.816 for omeprazole）. In addition, the effects of different parameters such as CD type and CD concentration were investigated. The separation mechanism arises through the combination of several potential interactions, including electrostatic interactions as well as hydrogen bonding interactions and hydrophobic inclusion interactions, which allow for the SBE-β-CD-drug complexation with strong stereoselectivity and stability. The resolution also relates to the number and location of N atoms in the enantiomers. This method will be applicable to the isolation of various types of biologically imoortant enantiomers containing N-alkyl groups.
文摘A computer-assisted method is presented for optimization of mobile phase compositions and development distance in gradient two-step development HPTLC. The method is based on a system which can predict the final R(f) values for gradient two-step development from values measured using five preliminary runs. The statistical scanning method is then used for optimization, using R(f) difference as the selection criterion. The method was evaluated using a mixture of eight components. Excellent agreement was obtained between predicted and experimental results.
文摘A computer-assisted method is presented for optimization for the selection of mobile phase composition in semi-preparative HPLC.The optimization for the expected separation is based on a polynomial estimation from five preliminary runs.Statistical scanning technique was used for optimization.Double criteria simulation system (DCSS) is established for chromatographic perfor- mance measurement in this method.The validity of the optimization strategy is confirmed by applying it to a technical Cypermethrin separation.Excellent agreement is obtained between the predicted and experimental results.
文摘The basic principle of optimal method called “moving overlapping resolution mapping Method” to select the optimal binary mobile phase composition of multi-step linear gradient liquid chromatography is discussed with simultaneously considering effects of position of solute inside the column and mobile phase composition on peak resolution and retention value, then a BASIC program based on this principle is developed in IBM-PC computer. The validities of both principle of optimization and BASIC program are confirmed by separation of samples Containing bile acids and PAHs in RP-HPLC.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61376097,61504120U1609213,the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No LR14F040001the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No 20130091110025
文摘We investigate the strain in various Ge-on-insulator （GeOI） micro-structures induced by three phase-change maferials （PCMs） （Ge2Sb2Te5, Sb2Te3, GeTe） deposited. The PCMs could change the phase from amorphous state to polycrystalline state with a low temperature thermal annealing, resulting in an intrinsic contraction in the PCM films. Raman spectroscopy analysis is performed to compare the strain induced in the GeOI micro- structures by various PCMs. By comparison, Sb2 Tea could induce the largest amount of tensile strain in the GeOI micro-structures after the low temperature annealing. Based on the strain calculated from the Raman peak shifts, finite element numerical simulation is performed to calculate the strain-induced electron mobility enhancement for Ge n-MOSFETs with PCM liner stressors. With the adoption of Sb2 Te3 liner stressor, 22% electron mobility enhancement at Xinv=1×10^13cm^-2 could be achieved, suggesting that PCM especially Sb2 Te3 liner stressor is a promising technique for the performance enhancement of Ge MOSFETs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11474273 and 11634003the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No 2017154
文摘We investigate the electronic structures and phase stability of ZnO, CdO and the related alloys in rocksalt（B1）and wurzite（B4） crystal, using the first-principle density functional theory within the hybrid functional approximation. By varying the concentration of Zn components from 0% to 100%, we find that the Zn_xCd（1-x）O alloy undergoes a phase transition from octahedron to tetrahedron at x = 0.32, in agreement with the recent experimental findings. The phase transition leads to a mutation of the electron mobility originated from the changes of the effective mass. Our results qualify Zn O/Cd O alloy as an attractive candidate for photo-electrochemical and solar cell power applications.
基金Supported by the Basic Science Research Program Through the National Research Foundation(NRF) of Korea Funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(No.2010-0015731)
文摘A linear solvation energy relationships（LSERs） model was used to examine the fundamental chemical interactions governing the retention of 9 organic compounds on a C18 column by means of reversed-phase high performance liquid cbromatography（RP-HPLC）. Three ionic liquids, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate （[Hmin][BF4]）, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate（[Bmin][BF4]） and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate（[OMIm][BF4]） as additives, were added to a methanol-water mobile phase. The effects of these three ionic liquids additives on the retention of nine organic compounds were investigated, and a comparison between the predicted and experimental retention factors was made via the LSERs model, which indicated that the LSERs model could be used to reproduce the experimental retention factors of the solutes under different mobile phase conditions. It is also a useful tool for modeling the interactions of the solutes between the stationary and mobile phases and evaluating the retention characteristics of HPLC.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20775070)Zhejiang Qianjiang Project of Science and Technology for Competent People(No.2008R10028)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.R4080124,Y4080064)Zhejiang Provincial Analysis and Testing Foundation of China(No.2007F70061)
文摘This paper proposes the use of novel surfactant additives for the separation of organic acids by ion-pair chromatography and studies the influences of surfactants on the chromatographic separation behaviors.Researches have been carried out on both silica gel matrix and polymer supporters in order to compare the two ordinary kinds of stationary phases,and the phenomenon is similar. Separation is based on differences in the stabilities of analyte-additive complexes in solution.Retention times of analytes can ...
文摘This paper presents a VHF（30-300 MHz） RF programmable gain amplifier（PGA） with an adaptive phase correction technique.The proposed technique effectively mitigates phase errors over the VHF band,and the RFPGA as a whole satisfies all the specifications of the China mobile multimedia broadcasting VHF band applications.The RFPGA is implemented with a TSMC 0.25μm CMOS process.Measurement results reveal a gain range of around 61 dB,an ⅡP3 of-7 dBm at maximum gain,a power consumption of 10.2 mA at maximum gain,and a phase imbalance of less than 0.3 degrees.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81303246)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(BK2011815)+1 种基金the ‘Qing Lan’ Project from Jiangsu Provincial Framework Teacher Support Schemethe Projects of priority-discipline for colleges and universities of Jiangsu Province
文摘AIM: Variation in structure-related components in plant products prompted the trend to establish methods, using multiple or total analog analysis, for their effective quality control. However, the general use of routine quality control is restricted by the limited availability of reference substances. Using an easily available single marker as a reference standard to determine multiple or total analogs should be a practical option. METHOD: In this study, the Ultra-HPLC method was used for the baseline separation of the main components in ginseng extracts. Using a plant chemical component database, ginsenosides in ginseng extracts were identified by Ultra-HPLC-MS analysis. The charged aerosol detection(CAD) system with post-column compensation of the gradient generates a similar response for identical amounts of different analytes, and thus, the content of each ginsenoside in ginseng extracts was determined by comparing the analyte peak area with the reference standard(determination of total analogs by single marker, DTSM). The total ginsenoside content was determined by the summation of reference standard and other ginsenoside components. RESULTS: The results showed that DTSM approaches were available for the determination of total ginsenosides in a high purity ginseng extract because of the removal of impurities. In contrast, DTSM approaches might be suitable for determination of multiple ginsenosides without interference from impurities in the crude ginseng extract. CONCLUSION: Future practical studies similar to the present study should be conducted to verify that DTSM approaches based on CAD with post-column inverse gradient for uniform response are ideal for the quality control of plant products.
