The opioid epidemic in the United States continues to take the lives of many individuals, with overdoses continuing to rise every year. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that is efficacious in temporarily reversing opi...The opioid epidemic in the United States continues to take the lives of many individuals, with overdoses continuing to rise every year. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that is efficacious in temporarily reversing opioid overdoses. Pharmacists play an important role in the accessibility and education of naloxone in both the community and health system settings. Recent efforts, such as co-dispensing naloxone with opioid prescriptions, naloxone training programs, and approval of naloxone to be over-the-counter, have been implemented in hopes to better control the opioid epidemic. Despite the efforts to make naloxone more accessible, there are still some barriers to overcome such as lack of training, cost, stigma, and patient refusal. This review aims to explore the contributions pharmacists have made thus far and define the barriers that still have to be resolved.展开更多
The pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet were studied with HPLC-electrochemical detection. Eight male dogs received single 5 mg dose of naloxone intravenously, the plasma con...The pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet were studied with HPLC-electrochemical detection. Eight male dogs received single 5 mg dose of naloxone intravenously, the plasma concentration-time curves could be fitted to two-compartment open model, with 12.0 min of t1/2( , 143.4 min of t1/2( and 7.92 mg(min/L of AUC. The same eight dogs received 5 mg dose of the sublingual naloxone tablet after an interval of a week. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were: t1/2ka = 11.0 min, t1/2( = 15.4 min, t1/2( = 164.1 min, Tmax = 27.7 min, Cmax = 34.2 ng / ml, and AUC = 6.79 mg(min / L, respectively. The plasma concentration-time curves were fitted to the first order absorption two-compartment open model also. The mean absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet was 86.8 ( 10.9%. No statistically significant differences were found with t1/2(, t1/2(, ( and ( between the two routes of administration. These results indicated that the course of disposition for naloxone in dogs was similar for the two routes of administration, and the absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet was high. Thus satisfactory clinical effects could be expected.展开更多
目的探索纳洛酮联合血塞通在治疗急性脑梗死患者中的可行性。方法选取2023年1月至2024年1月于蕲春县人民医院就诊的112例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组各56例。研究组给予纳洛酮联合血塞通进行治疗,对照组给予...目的探索纳洛酮联合血塞通在治疗急性脑梗死患者中的可行性。方法选取2023年1月至2024年1月于蕲春县人民医院就诊的112例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组各56例。研究组给予纳洛酮联合血塞通进行治疗,对照组给予纳洛酮治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分、肢体运动功能(Fugl-Meyer Assessment,FMA)评分及Barthel指数(Barthel Index,BI)评分,以及临床有效率、血浆脑钠肽(Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide,BNP)水平及不良反应。结果经过两周治疗后,两组患者临床症状体征和自理能力均好转,但研究组患者临床有效率更高(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者NIHSS、FMA和BI评分均无显著差异(P>0.005);治疗后,两组患者NIHSS评分均显著下降(P<0.001),FMA评分和BI评分均显著升高(P<0.001),但研究组NIHSS评分下降程度更明显(P<0.001),FMA评分和BI评分上升程度更明显(P<0.001)。治疗后,两组患者血浆BNP水平均降低,且研究组改善程度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗期间,两组患者皮疹、恶心、嗜睡、心动过速等不良反应发生率无显著差异(8.93%vs 12.50%,P>0.541)。结论纳洛酮联合血塞通治疗急性脑梗死,有利于运动功能和神经功能的恢复,可有效提高患者的生活能力,且不良反应少。展开更多
文摘The opioid epidemic in the United States continues to take the lives of many individuals, with overdoses continuing to rise every year. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that is efficacious in temporarily reversing opioid overdoses. Pharmacists play an important role in the accessibility and education of naloxone in both the community and health system settings. Recent efforts, such as co-dispensing naloxone with opioid prescriptions, naloxone training programs, and approval of naloxone to be over-the-counter, have been implemented in hopes to better control the opioid epidemic. Despite the efforts to make naloxone more accessible, there are still some barriers to overcome such as lack of training, cost, stigma, and patient refusal. This review aims to explore the contributions pharmacists have made thus far and define the barriers that still have to be resolved.
文摘The pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet were studied with HPLC-electrochemical detection. Eight male dogs received single 5 mg dose of naloxone intravenously, the plasma concentration-time curves could be fitted to two-compartment open model, with 12.0 min of t1/2( , 143.4 min of t1/2( and 7.92 mg(min/L of AUC. The same eight dogs received 5 mg dose of the sublingual naloxone tablet after an interval of a week. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were: t1/2ka = 11.0 min, t1/2( = 15.4 min, t1/2( = 164.1 min, Tmax = 27.7 min, Cmax = 34.2 ng / ml, and AUC = 6.79 mg(min / L, respectively. The plasma concentration-time curves were fitted to the first order absorption two-compartment open model also. The mean absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet was 86.8 ( 10.9%. No statistically significant differences were found with t1/2(, t1/2(, ( and ( between the two routes of administration. These results indicated that the course of disposition for naloxone in dogs was similar for the two routes of administration, and the absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet was high. Thus satisfactory clinical effects could be expected.
文摘目的探索纳洛酮联合血塞通在治疗急性脑梗死患者中的可行性。方法选取2023年1月至2024年1月于蕲春县人民医院就诊的112例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组各56例。研究组给予纳洛酮联合血塞通进行治疗,对照组给予纳洛酮治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分、肢体运动功能(Fugl-Meyer Assessment,FMA)评分及Barthel指数(Barthel Index,BI)评分,以及临床有效率、血浆脑钠肽(Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide,BNP)水平及不良反应。结果经过两周治疗后,两组患者临床症状体征和自理能力均好转,但研究组患者临床有效率更高(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者NIHSS、FMA和BI评分均无显著差异(P>0.005);治疗后,两组患者NIHSS评分均显著下降(P<0.001),FMA评分和BI评分均显著升高(P<0.001),但研究组NIHSS评分下降程度更明显(P<0.001),FMA评分和BI评分上升程度更明显(P<0.001)。治疗后,两组患者血浆BNP水平均降低,且研究组改善程度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗期间,两组患者皮疹、恶心、嗜睡、心动过速等不良反应发生率无显著差异(8.93%vs 12.50%,P>0.541)。结论纳洛酮联合血塞通治疗急性脑梗死,有利于运动功能和神经功能的恢复,可有效提高患者的生活能力,且不良反应少。
