Objective: The paper aims to analyze the dynamic characteristics of litter production and nutrient return of the forest ecosystems in subtropical areas, and provide a theoretical basis for the nutrient cycling study i...Objective: The paper aims to analyze the dynamic characteristics of litter production and nutrient return of the forest ecosystems in subtropical areas, and provide a theoretical basis for the nutrient cycling study in southwest Hubei Province and carbon sink function of the whole forest ecosystem. Methods: Three typical forest stands (Chinese fir plantation, Cryptomeria fortunei plantation and evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest) in Golden Mountain Forest Farm in southwest Hubei Province were investigated and monitored continuously for the litter types and productivity and nutrient return. Results: The annual litter productivity of the three forest stands ranged from 161.77 to 396.26 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup>;Litters of branches, leaves and reproductive organs accounted for 14.14% - 20.85%, 33.26% - 78.33%, 7.52% - 42.18% of the total, respectively;The litter productivity and total litter productivity of each composition in the three forest stands show unimodal or bimodal changes over months, and the total litter productivity reached the highest value in January, April and October respectively. For different nutrient contents of the three forest stands, the common feature is C > N. The order of nutrient return amount from greatest to least is evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, Cryptomeria fortunei plantation and Chinese fir plantation. For different nutrient return amounts, the common feature is C > N, and the nutrient return amounts are 76.51-180.69 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup> and 2.3 - 5.71 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup> respectively. Conclusion: The annual litter productivity and nutrient return amount of the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest are the highest among the three forest stands. Therefore, protecting the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and studying the litter changes of Chinese fir plantation and Cryptomeria fortunei plantation are of far-reaching significance for the development of sustainable forest management in this region and the further improvement of the carbon sequestration function of the whole forest ecosystem.展开更多
Nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) are essential macronutrients that are crucial not only for maize growth and development, but also for crop yield and quality. The genetic basis of macronutrient dynamics an...Nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) are essential macronutrients that are crucial not only for maize growth and development, but also for crop yield and quality. The genetic basis of macronutrient dynamics and accumulation during grain filling in maize remains largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated grain N, P, and K concentrations in 206 recombinant inbred lines generated from a cross of DH1M and T877 at six time points after pollination. We then calculated conditional phenotypic values at different time intervals to explore the dynamic characteristics of the N, P, and K concentrations. Abundant phenotypic variations were observed in the concentrations and net changes of these nutrients. Unconditional quantitative trait locus(QTL) mapping revealed 41 non-redundant QTLs, including 17, 16, and 14 for the N, P, and K concentrations, respectively. Conditional QTL mapping uncovered 39 non-redundant QTLs related to net changes in the N, P, and K concentrations. By combining QTL, gene expression, co-expression analysis, and comparative genomic data, we identified 44, 36, and 44 candidate genes for the N, P, and K concentrations, respectively, including GRMZM2G371058 encoding a Doftype zinc finger DNA-binding family protein, which was associated with the N concentration, and GRMZM2G113967encoding a CBL-interacting protein kinase, which was related to the K concentration. The results deepen our understanding of the genetic factors controlling N, P, and K accumulation during maize grain development and provide valuable genes for the genetic improvement of nutrient concentrations in maize.展开更多
Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial connections.Nutrient deficiency is a common stress for plants,yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adap...Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial connections.Nutrient deficiency is a common stress for plants,yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adaptation to such nutrient stresses.In this study,we used transcriptomics and proteomics to analyze how soybean(Glycine max)and its parasitizing dodder(Cuscuta australis)respond to nitrate and phosphate deficiency(-N and-P).After-N and-P treatment,the soybean and dodder plants exhibited substantial changes of transcriptome and proteome,although soybean plants showed very few transcriptional responses to-P and dodder did not show any transcriptional changes to either-N or-P.Importantly,large-scale interplant transport of mRNAs and proteins was detected.Although the mobile mRNAs only comprised at most 0.2%of the transcriptomes,the foreign mobile proteins could reach 6.8%of the total proteins,suggesting that proteins may be the major forms of interplant communications.Furthermore,the interplant mobility of macromolecules was specifically affected by the nutrient regimes and the transport of these macromolecules was very likely independently regulated.This study provides new insight into the communication between host plants and parasites under stress conditions.展开更多
The nutrient digestion,absorption and biological activity of bee pollen may be limited due to the complex pollen wall.Here,the effect of superfine grinding technology on the release of nutrients from bee pollen were i...The nutrient digestion,absorption and biological activity of bee pollen may be limited due to the complex pollen wall.Here,the effect of superfine grinding technology on the release of nutrients from bee pollen were investigated,and their antioxidant activities and in vitro digestion were explored in this study.Results showed that the content of nutrients in bee pollen increased after wall disruption.Among them,fat content increased by 22.55%-8.31%,protein content increased by 0.54%-4.91%,starch content increased by 36.31%-48.64%,soluble sugar content increased by 20.57%-29.67%,total phenolic acid content increased by 11.73%-86.98%and total flavonoids content increased by 14.29%-24.79%.At the same time,the antioxidant activity increased by 14.84%-46.00%.Furthermore,the active components such as phenolic compounds in the wall-disruption bee pollen were more readily to be released during the in vitro digestion,and easier to be absorbed because of their higher bioaccessibility.Antioxidant activities during in vitro digestion were also improved in walldisruption bee pollen.These findings provide evidence that bee pollen wall disruption was suggested,thus,it is more conducive to exerting the value of bee pollen in functional foods.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)and potassium(K)are two key mineral nutrient elements involved in rice growth.Accurate diagnosis of N and K status is very important for the rational application of fertilizers at a specific rice growth sta...Nitrogen(N)and potassium(K)are two key mineral nutrient elements involved in rice growth.Accurate diagnosis of N and K status is very important for the rational application of fertilizers at a specific rice growth stage.Therefore,we propose a hybrid model for diagnosing rice nutrient levels at the early panicle initiation stage(EPIS),which combines a convolutional neural network(CNN)with an attention mechanism and a long short-term memory network(LSTM).The model was validated on a large set of sequential images collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)from rice canopies at different growth stages during a two-year experiment.Compared with VGG16,AlexNet,GoogleNet,DenseNet,and inceptionV3,ResNet101 combined with LSTM obtained the highest average accuracy of 83.81%on the dataset of Huanghuazhan(HHZ,an indica cultivar).When tested on the datasets of HHZ and Xiushui 134(XS134,a japonica rice variety)in 2021,the ResNet101-LSTM model enhanced with the squeeze-and-excitation(SE)block achieved the highest accuracies of 85.38 and 88.38%,respectively.Through the cross-dataset method,the average accuracies on the HHZ and XS134 datasets tested in 2022 were 81.25 and 82.50%,respectively,showing a good generalization.Our proposed model works with the dynamic information of different rice growth stages and can efficiently diagnose different rice nutrient status levels at EPIS,which are helpful for making practical decisions regarding rational fertilization treatments at the panicle initiation stage.展开更多
Tillage practices during the fallow period benefit water storage and yield in dryland wheat crops.However,there is currently no clarity on the responses of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),and available nut...Tillage practices during the fallow period benefit water storage and yield in dryland wheat crops.However,there is currently no clarity on the responses of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),and available nutrients to tillage practices within the growing season.This study evaluated the effects of three tillage practices(NT,no tillage;SS,subsoil tillage;DT,deep tillage)over five years on soil physicochemical properties.Soil samples at harvest stage from the fifth year were analyzed to determine the soil aggregate and aggregate-associated C and N fractions.The results indicated that SS and DT improved grain yield,straw biomass and straw carbon return of wheat compared with NT.In contrast to DT and NT,SS favored SOC and TN concentrations and stocks by increasing the soil organic carbon sequestration rate(SOCSR)and soil nitrogen sequestration rate(TNSR)in the 0-40 cm layer.Higher SOC levels under SS and NT were associated with greater aggregate-associated C fractions,while TN was positively associated with soluble organic nitrogen(SON).Compared with DT,the NT and SS treatments improved soil available nutrients in the 0-20 cm layer.These findings suggest that SS is an excellent practice for increasing soil carbon,nitrogen and nutrient availability in dryland wheat fields in North China.展开更多
Background:The cold winter weather in northern China influences the dietary habits of its residents,contributing to a heightened risk of cardiovascular disorders,such as hypertension and coronary heart disease.Key fac...Background:The cold winter weather in northern China influences the dietary habits of its residents,contributing to a heightened risk of cardiovascular disorders,such as hypertension and coronary heart disease.Key factors include low vegetable consumption and high salt and fat intakes.This study aims to investigate the relationships between northern dietary nutrient intake in northern China and cardiovascular disorders during the winter season.Methods:A food frequency questionnaire tailored to the actual eating habits in northern China was designed.Retrospective data from 955 Chinese adults were collected from November to March between 2014 to 2023.Logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between dietary nutrients and cardiovascular diseases,with model performance assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results:Adjusted for gender,age,and body mass index(BMI),an inverse association was observed between vitamin A(OR=0.706,95%CI:0.550,0.907),nicotinic acid(OR=0.584,95%CI:0.447,0.762),phosphorus(OR=0.777,95%CI:0.608,0.994),selenium(OR=0.719,95%CI:0.560,0.923),zinc(OR=0.683,95%CI:0.531,0.880),methionine(OR=0.730,95%CI:0.569,0.936),arginine(OR=0.753,95%CI:0.588,0.964),lysine(OR=0.706,95%CI:0.550,0.907),aspartic acid(OR=0.730,95%CI:0.569,0.936)and hypertension.Additionally,a negative association was found between niacin(OR=0.752,95%CI:0.597,0.946)and coronary heart disease.Conversely,a positive association was identified between iodine and hypertension(OR=1.305,95%CI:1.020,1.669)and coronary heart disease(OR=1.301,95%CI:1.037,1.634).Conclusion:Our study suggests that maintaining a balanced dietary intake of vitamin A,niacin,phosphorus,selenium,zinc,methionine,arginine,lysine,and aspartic acid can be beneficial in preventing hypertension.Adequate niacin intake is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease.However,excessive iodine intake may contribute to hypertension and coronary heart disease.展开更多
The necessity to saline and sodic waters is sometimes used for irrigating agricultural activities under certain circumstances, but it is important to note that the use of these waters comes with specific consideration...The necessity to saline and sodic waters is sometimes used for irrigating agricultural activities under certain circumstances, but it is important to note that the use of these waters comes with specific considerations and limitations. One way to decrease undesirable effects of sodic waters on the physical and chemical properties of soils is to apply organic and chemical amendments within the soil. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of saline water on soil acidity, alkalinity and nutrients leaching in sandy loamy soil at Bella flower farm, in Rwamagana District, Rwanda. The water used was from the Muhazi Lake which is classified as Class I (Saline water quality). Column leaching experiments using treated soils were then conducted under saturated conditions. The soil under experimental was first analyzed for its textural classification, soil properties and is classified as sandy loamy soil. The t-test was taken at 1%, 5% and 10% levels of statistical significance compared to control soil. The results indicated that the application of saline water to soils caused an increase in some soil nutrients like increase of Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), Magnesium (Mg2<sup>+</sup>), Sulphur (S), CN ratio and Sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) and decreased soil texture, physical and chemical properties and remained soil nutrients. Consequently, the intensive addition of saline water leachates to soil in PVC pipes led to decreased of soil EC through leaching and a raiser Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP). The rate of saline water application affected the increase accumulation of SAR and Na% in the top soil layers. The study indicated that saline water is an inefficient amendment for sandy soil with saline water irrigation. The study recommends further studies with similar topic with saline water irrigation, as it accentuated the alkalinity levels.展开更多
Shifts in tree species and their mycorrhizal associations driven by global change play key roles in biogeochemical cycles. In this paper, we proposed a framework of the mycorrhizal-associated nutrient economy(MANE), a...Shifts in tree species and their mycorrhizal associations driven by global change play key roles in biogeochemical cycles. In this paper, we proposed a framework of the mycorrhizal-associated nutrient economy(MANE), and tested it using nutrient addition experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests. We selected two tropical rainforests dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) and ectomycorrhizal(ECM) trees, and established eighteen20 m×20 m plots in each rainforest. Six nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) addition treatments were randomly distributed in each rainforest with three replicates. We examined the differences in soil carbon(C) and nutrient cycling, plant and litter productivity between the two rainforests and their responses to 10-year inorganic N and P additions. We also quantified the P pools of plants, roots, litter, soil and microbes in the two rainforests. Overall,distinct MANE frameworks were applicable for tropical rainforests, in which soil C, N and P were cycled primarily in an inorganic form in the AM-dominated rainforest, whereas they were cycled in an organic form in the ECMdominated rainforest. Notably, the effects of mycorrhizal types on soil P cycling were stronger than those on C and N cycling. The intensified N and P deposition benefited the growth of AM-dominated rainforests instead of ECMdominated rainforests. Our findings underpin the key role of mycorrhizal types in regulating biogeochemical processes, and have important implications for predicting the ecological consequences of global changes.展开更多
In the semiarid sandy region of Northeast China,Mongolian pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)suffers dieback after the age of 35,while Japanese red pine(Pinus densiflora)and Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis)stay healt...In the semiarid sandy region of Northeast China,Mongolian pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)suffers dieback after the age of 35,while Japanese red pine(Pinus densiflora)and Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis)stay healthy.Foliar nutrient retranslocation reflects the nutrient conservation and utilization mechanism of plants in response to their habitats.However,the nutrient retranslocation strategies employed by three Pinus tree species to cope with nutrient limitations remain largely unknown.For this study,we investigated the seasonal variations in nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)concentrations of Mongolian pine,Japanese red pine,and Chinese pine plantations in terms of the green needles of all ages,senesced needles,and soil.Further,the N retranslocation efficiency(NRE),and P retranslocation efficiency(PRE),and correlations between the N:P ratios of needles and soil were analyzed.The results showed that,except for the spring NRE in 1-year-old needles of Mongolian pine,the spring NRE and PRE in 1-and 2-year-old needles of the three tree species were greater than zero.The autumn PRE was higher than zero for Mongolian pine,but lower than zero for Japanese red pine and Chinese pine.Among the three Pinus species,Mongolian pine showed greater spring PRE in 2-year-old needles,and PRE from 1-to 2-yearold needles,and from 2-year-old needles to litter.However,Japanese red pine had higher P concentrations and lower N:P ratios in senesced needles,while greater PRE was found in Chinese pine litter.Significant relationships between the N:P ratios were found in the current year and 1-year-old needles and soil in the Mongolian pine plantation,while there was an insignificant relationship between the N:P ratios of the needles and soil in the Chinese pine plantation.Thus,for Mongolian pine,the removal of P from needles in autumn,and higher P translocation from older needles under P-deficient soil may have contributed to the tree dieback.In contrast,Japanese red pine and Chinese pine stored P in their needles during autumn.Japanese red pine returned more P to the soil via litter,while Chinese pine maintained N:P homeostasis and increased P withdrawal prior to needle abscission.展开更多
It is important to understand the research trends and hotspots of global soil nutrient migration and control. Based on the core collection of WOS (Web of Science), citespace knowledge map analysis tool was used to ana...It is important to understand the research trends and hotspots of global soil nutrient migration and control. Based on the core collection of WOS (Web of Science), citespace knowledge map analysis tool was used to analyze the number of publications, cooperation networks, disciplines, research hotspots and frontier trends on nutrient migration in soil. The results showed that: the number of publications on the study of soil nutrient migration showed a good growth from 1990 to 2021. 173 countries had cooperative relationships. The number of articles published in the United States and China was significantly higher than that in other countries, while Chinese Academy of Sciences was the institution with the largest number of publications. It was a comprehensive system that permeates with agriculture, environmental science, botany and other disciplines. The research of nutrient migration in soil mainly focused on the measures of microbial community in different land types to promote nutrient transformation, improve soil fertility and reduce nutrient loss. In the future, the research trends will be the management measures of soil nutrient loss, the relationship between the change of soil nutrient and plant community diversity, and the remediation of agricultural contaminated soil. Through the above analysis, there was an overall understanding of soil nutrient migration. The research on nutrient migration may continue to increase in the future. It is suggested that Chinese research institutions, teams and universities need to strengthen international cooperation, and speed up their integration with the international community.展开更多
Finger millet (FM) is rich in nutrients such as minerals, vitamins, and amino acids. However, the levels of nutrients and their bioaccessibility depend on the variety, the levels of ant nutrients, the chemical form of...Finger millet (FM) is rich in nutrients such as minerals, vitamins, and amino acids. However, the levels of nutrients and their bioaccessibility depend on the variety, the levels of ant nutrients, the chemical form of nutrients, and the type of processing methods used. The study determined the levels of selected nutrients, anti-nutrients, and bioaccessibility in raw and processed varieties of finger millet being developed by the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) in Kenya. Raw finger millet seeds from KALRO Centers in Kenya were processed by malting for 60 hours and roasting at 110°C for 5 minutes as the optimal conditions. Levels of minerals were determined by AAS and AES, anti-nutrients by UV-visible spectrophotometer, proteins by the Pierce kit method, and vitamins by HPLC. The IE4115 and IE3779 showed the highest levels of nutrients and lowest levels of antinutrients hence preferred for processing and bioaccessibility studies. The level (mg/100 g) of selected minerals;K, Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Mg, Ca, P, Fe, and Zn were found to be highest in the following varieties of the FM;IE3779 (688.519 ± 1.57), IE 4115 (1.29 ± 0.07), IE4115 (294.38 ± 1.93), IE3779 (466.67 ± 4.17), IE4115 (250.92 ± 0.33), KERICHO P (16.98 ± 0.05) and IE4115 (64.10 ± 2.35) respectively. For β-carotene, vitamin B, B2, B3, B6 and B9 the levels were highest in the following varieties of FM;KAKW3 (0.023 ± 0.02), IE4115 (14.85 ± 0.16), IE4115 (12.998 ± 0.04), IE4115 (5.843 ± 0.07), IE3779 (0.06 ± 0.04) and KAKW4 (9.832 ± 0.08). Phytates, tannins, phenols, and oxalates were found to be lowest in the following varieties: IE3779 (14.20 ± 2.90, IE4115 (27.83 ± 0.73), NKFM1 (9.69 ± 0.07) and IE4115 (0.25 ± 0.01). The highest bioaccessibility values reported for K, Mg, Ca, P, Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Fe, and Zn were 89.53% (malting, IE3779), 49.28% (malting, IE4115), 60.41% (Malting, IE4115), 69.40% (malting, IE4115), 12.9% (malting, IE4115), 59.84% (malting, KAKW3) and 66.89% (roasting, IE3779) respectively (Table 8). For beta carotene, vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6 and B9 the values were 73.33% (malting, p224), 78.84% (malting, IE4115), 78.34 (malting, IE3779), 97.63% (malting, IE4115), 91.64% (malting, IE4115), and 77.52% (roasting, IE4115) (table The result on levels and bioaccessibility showed that IE4115 and IE3779 varieties were more nutritious and therefore should be promoted for nutritional security.展开更多
Inversion tillage with straw amendment is widely applied in northeastern China, and it can substantially increase the storage of carbon and improve multiple subsoil functions. Soil microorganisms are believed to be th...Inversion tillage with straw amendment is widely applied in northeastern China, and it can substantially increase the storage of carbon and improve multiple subsoil functions. Soil microorganisms are believed to be the key to this process,but research into their role in subsoil amelioration is limited. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in 2018 in a region in northeastern China with Hapli-Udic Cambisol using four treatments: conventional tillage(CT, tillage to a depth of 15 cm with no straw incorporation), straw incorporation with conventional tillage(SCT, tillage to a depth of 15 cm),inversion tillage(IT, tillage to a depth of 35 cm) and straw incorporation with inversion tillage(SIT, tillage to a depth of 35 cm). The soils were managed by inversion to a depth of 15 or 35 cm every year after harvest. The results indicated that SIT improved soil multi-nutrient cycling variables and increased the availability of key nutrients such as soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in both the topsoil and subsoil.In contrast to CT and SCT, SIT created a looser microbial network structure but with highly centralized clusters by reducing the topological properties of average connectivity and node number, and by increasing the average path length and the modularity. A Random Forest analysis found that the average path length and the clustering coefficient were the main determinants of soil multi-nutrient cycling. These findings suggested that SIT can be an effective option for improving soil multi-nutrient cycling and the structure of microbial networks, and they provide crucial information about the microbial strategies that drive the decomposition of straw in Hapli-Udic Cambisol.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to investigate the hydration properties of different-source fibrous materials by com-paring their water-binding capacity(WBC),water swelling capacity(WSC),viscosity,and in vivo effects of s...Background:This study aimed to investigate the hydration properties of different-source fibrous materials by com-paring their water-binding capacity(WBC),water swelling capacity(WSC),viscosity,and in vivo effects of selected samples on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,diarrhea,and intestinal health in weaned piglets.Methods:A total of 13 commercially available fibrous materials were first compared in chemical composition and in vitro hydration property.Subsequently,40 weaned piglets were randomized to five experimental dietary groups(8 piglets per group):control diet(a basal diet without dietary fiber,CON),basal diet supplemented with 5%microcrys-talline cellulose(MCC),5%wheat bran(WB),5%Moringa oleifera leaf powder(MOLP),or 5%sugar beet pulp(SBP),fol-lowed by analyzing their growth performance and diarrhea rate in a 28-d experiment.After the feeding experiment,anaesthetized piglets were killed,and their intestinal and colon content or plasma samples were analyzed in nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,intestinal barrier,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bacterial population.Results:In vitro studies showed low hydration properties for WB and MCC,while medium hydration properties for MOLP and SBP.In vivo studies indicated that compared with medium hydration property groups,low hydration prop-erty groups showed(1)exacerbated diarrhea,impaired intestinal health,and reduced apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter,gross energy,acid detergent fiber,and neutral detergent fiber;(2)decreased SCFAs concentration and rela-tive levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium,but increased levels of Escherichia coli and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in colon contents.Additionally,SBP showed optimal performance in reducing diarrhea and increasing SCFAs produc-tion.Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of fiber hydration properties with in vitro SCFAs production,and diarrhea index and nutrient digestibility were negatively and positively correlated with SCFAs levels in the colon contents of weaned piglets,respectively.Conclusions:Different-source dietary fibers varied in their hydration properties and impacts on diarrhea,microbial composition and SCFAs production in weaned piglets.WB and MCC could exacerbate diarrhea and impair nutrient digestibility,probably because their low hydration properties were detrimental to gut microbial homeostasis and fermentation.Our findings provide new ideas for rational use of fiber resources in weaned piglets.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dietary methyl donors might influence DNA methylation during carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer(CRC).However,whether the influence of methyl donor intake is modified by polymorphisms in such epigenetic reg...BACKGROUND Dietary methyl donors might influence DNA methylation during carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer(CRC).However,whether the influence of methyl donor intake is modified by polymorphisms in such epigenetic regulators is still unclear.AIM To improve the current understanding of the molecular basis of CRC.METHODS A literature search in the Medline database,Reference Citation Analysis(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/),and manual reference screening were performed to identify observational studies published from inception to May 2022.RESULTS A total of fourteen case-control studies and five cohort studies were identified.These studies included information on dietary methyl donors,dietary components that potentially modulate the bioavailability of methyl groups,genetic variants of methyl metabolizing enzymes,and/or markers of CpG island methylator phenotype and/or microsatellite instability,and their possible interactions on CRC risk.CONCLUSION Several studies have suggested interactions between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms,methyl donor nutrients(such as folate)and alcohol on CRC risk.Moreover,vitamin B6,niacin,and alcohol may affect CRC risk through not only genetic but also epigenetic regulation.Identification of specific mechanisms in these interactions associated with CRC may assist in developing targeted prevention strategies for individuals at the highest risk of developing CRC.展开更多
Nitrogen(N) and potassium(K) are essential elements for rice growth. When N and K are in deficient rice, specific symptoms appear on the leaves that are similar and difficult to distinguish with the naked eye.
Constructing multispecies submerged vegetation systems and maintaining stable seasonal succession is crucial for restoring shallow eutrophic lakes.However,little is known about the interactions between successional an...Constructing multispecies submerged vegetation systems and maintaining stable seasonal succession is crucial for restoring shallow eutrophic lakes.However,little is known about the interactions between successional and existing species of different growth forms,particularly under the low light and high nutrient conditions of eutrophic lakes.We measured the functional traits of mature Vallisneria natans(Lour.)Hara plants and Potamogeton crispus L.shoots in monoculture and mosaic patterns under different light and nutrient conditions.The effect of light on functional traits of the submerged macrophyte species was more significant than that of nutrients,but the reverse was true for P.crispus biomass allocation.Moreover,interspecific interactions affected only the submerged macrophytes under the low light condition and varied with species.Specifically,the interaction of P.crispus to V.natans was biased towards competition,while the interaction of V.natans to P.crispus was converted from facilitation to competition by eutrophication,particularly in the homogenous mosaic growth pattern.This study demonstrates that sufficient light is a prerequisite and patch planting is an effective means to form a multispecies submerged vegetation system.In addition,we emphasize that the coexistence of eutrophication and low light will likely result in a competition between submerged macrophytes thus simplifying the vegetation,even if their growth forms and growing seasons are different.These findings help explain the collapse of multispecies submerged vegetation and guide the restoration of aquatic plants in eutrophic lakes.展开更多
Marine ciliates play important roles not only in linking the microbial loop to the classic pelagic and benthic food chains but also in regenerating nutrients,yet how dietary nutrient imbalance impacts their nutrient r...Marine ciliates play important roles not only in linking the microbial loop to the classic pelagic and benthic food chains but also in regenerating nutrients,yet how dietary nutrient imbalance impacts their nutrient regeneration has not been thoroughly addressed.The growth and physiological responses of Euplotes vannus to low dietary nitrogen(LN)and low dietary phosphorus(LP)conditions were studied,with the bacterium Pseudomonas putida as prey.Feeding on LN prey reduced the growth rate of E.vannus.Dietary nutrient limitation changed the types and quantities of nutrient recycling.Feeding on LP prey enhanced dissolved organic carbon excretion but reduced orthophosphate excretion,whereas feeding on LN prey generally resulted in decreases in the excretion rate in all N forms(ammonium,urea,and nitrate).In addition,the proportion of ammonium in regenerated N increased significantly under the LN condition.These findings indicate that a nutrient-imbalanced diet triggers E.vannus to retain limited macronutrients and promotes the recycling of excessive macronutrients,which may potentially form positive and negative feedback to ambient N and P limitations,respectively.展开更多
Since 2015, green tides have been blooming in offshore waters of Qinhuangdao, with serious impacts on the local ecological environment and tourism. Ulva australis, Bryopsis plumosa, and U. prolifera are the dominant s...Since 2015, green tides have been blooming in offshore waters of Qinhuangdao, with serious impacts on the local ecological environment and tourism. Ulva australis, Bryopsis plumosa, and U. prolifera are the dominant species of Qinhuangdao green tides, following a sequential succession pattern. Ulva prolifera is the dominant species,with the highest biomass and the greatest influence on the local ecological environment. To study the reason of green tide dominant species succession and U. profilera became the dominant species with the largest biomass,we compared and analyzed the growth and nutrient uptake capacity of the three algae. The results showed that temperature significantly affects the growth of the three species. Within the temperature range of the experimental setup, the optimum temperature for the growth of U. australis, B. plumosa and U. profilera is10℃, 15℃, and 20–25℃, respectively. Combined with the temperature variation trend during green tide bloom development, we believe that temperature is the key environmental factor for the succession of the dominant species. Ulva prolifera has a higher growth rate than U. australis and B. plumosa under the same nitrate,ammonium, and phosphate levels. Significant differences in the maximum absorption rate(R_(max)) and R_(max)/Ks(the relationship between uptake rate and substrate concentration) values indicated that U. prolifera had an apparent competitive advantage over U. australis and B. plumosa regarding nutrient uptake. Therefore, the strong growth and nutrient uptake capacities of U. prolifera might be the main reason for becoming the dominant species with the largest biomass in Qinhuangdao green tides.展开更多
To investigate the role of nutrients intake during pregnancy with longitudinal development of rhinitis,asthma,eczema,wheeze,and food allergy in offspring.The PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane library were searched for articl...To investigate the role of nutrients intake during pregnancy with longitudinal development of rhinitis,asthma,eczema,wheeze,and food allergy in offspring.The PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane library were searched for articles published throughout May 2022.The pooled effect estimate were presented using relative risk and calculated by the random-effects model.Twenty-three prospective cohort studies enrolling 210817 individuals were included.The risk of wheeze in offspring were lowered when high vitamin D,vitamin E,zinc,and milk intakes during pregnancy,whereas high meat intake during pregnancy could induce additional risk of wheeze in offspring.Moreover,highβ-carotene and magnesium intakes during pregnancy were related to lower eczema risk in offspring,whereas eczema risk in offspring was increased for pregnant women with high intake of butter and margarine.Finally,the asthma risk in offspring could protect against for pregnant women with high intake of vitamin D and apple,whereas high folic acid during pregnancy could produce excess asthma risk in offspring.This study provides the summary evidences regarding the role of nutrients intake during pregnancy and subsequent risk of rhinitis,asthma,eczema,wheeze,and food allergy,and further effective intervention strategies should be employed to improve childhood allergic diseases.展开更多
文摘Objective: The paper aims to analyze the dynamic characteristics of litter production and nutrient return of the forest ecosystems in subtropical areas, and provide a theoretical basis for the nutrient cycling study in southwest Hubei Province and carbon sink function of the whole forest ecosystem. Methods: Three typical forest stands (Chinese fir plantation, Cryptomeria fortunei plantation and evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest) in Golden Mountain Forest Farm in southwest Hubei Province were investigated and monitored continuously for the litter types and productivity and nutrient return. Results: The annual litter productivity of the three forest stands ranged from 161.77 to 396.26 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup>;Litters of branches, leaves and reproductive organs accounted for 14.14% - 20.85%, 33.26% - 78.33%, 7.52% - 42.18% of the total, respectively;The litter productivity and total litter productivity of each composition in the three forest stands show unimodal or bimodal changes over months, and the total litter productivity reached the highest value in January, April and October respectively. For different nutrient contents of the three forest stands, the common feature is C > N. The order of nutrient return amount from greatest to least is evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, Cryptomeria fortunei plantation and Chinese fir plantation. For different nutrient return amounts, the common feature is C > N, and the nutrient return amounts are 76.51-180.69 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup> and 2.3 - 5.71 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup> respectively. Conclusion: The annual litter productivity and nutrient return amount of the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest are the highest among the three forest stands. Therefore, protecting the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and studying the litter changes of Chinese fir plantation and Cryptomeria fortunei plantation are of far-reaching significance for the development of sustainable forest management in this region and the further improvement of the carbon sequestration function of the whole forest ecosystem.
基金supported by the Seed Industry Revitalization Project of Jiangsu Province,China(JBGS[2021]009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32061143030 and 31972487)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Province University Basic Science Research Project,China(21KJA210002)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2022343)the Innovative Research Team of Universities in Jiangsu Province,China,the High-end Talent Project of Yangzhou University,China,the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),Chinathe Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province,China。
文摘Nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) are essential macronutrients that are crucial not only for maize growth and development, but also for crop yield and quality. The genetic basis of macronutrient dynamics and accumulation during grain filling in maize remains largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated grain N, P, and K concentrations in 206 recombinant inbred lines generated from a cross of DH1M and T877 at six time points after pollination. We then calculated conditional phenotypic values at different time intervals to explore the dynamic characteristics of the N, P, and K concentrations. Abundant phenotypic variations were observed in the concentrations and net changes of these nutrients. Unconditional quantitative trait locus(QTL) mapping revealed 41 non-redundant QTLs, including 17, 16, and 14 for the N, P, and K concentrations, respectively. Conditional QTL mapping uncovered 39 non-redundant QTLs related to net changes in the N, P, and K concentrations. By combining QTL, gene expression, co-expression analysis, and comparative genomic data, we identified 44, 36, and 44 candidate genes for the N, P, and K concentrations, respectively, including GRMZM2G371058 encoding a Doftype zinc finger DNA-binding family protein, which was associated with the N concentration, and GRMZM2G113967encoding a CBL-interacting protein kinase, which was related to the K concentration. The results deepen our understanding of the genetic factors controlling N, P, and K accumulation during maize grain development and provide valuable genes for the genetic improvement of nutrient concentrations in maize.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970274 (J.W.), 32170272 (X.W.), 32100251 (J.Z.), 32000179 (Y.X.))the Special Research Assistant of Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.Z. and Y.X.), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M713224 (J.Z.))+6 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDPB16 (J.W.))the Yunnan Innovation Team Project (202105AE160013 (J.W.))CAS “Light of West China” Program (G.S.)Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program “Young Talents” Project (XDYC-QNRC-2022-0301 (J.Z.), XDYC-QNRC-2022-0001 (G.S.))the General and Key Project of the Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan (202001AS070021(J.W.))Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects-General Project (202101AT070457 (S.L.))Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects-Youth Talent Project (202101AU070021(S.L.))
文摘Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial connections.Nutrient deficiency is a common stress for plants,yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adaptation to such nutrient stresses.In this study,we used transcriptomics and proteomics to analyze how soybean(Glycine max)and its parasitizing dodder(Cuscuta australis)respond to nitrate and phosphate deficiency(-N and-P).After-N and-P treatment,the soybean and dodder plants exhibited substantial changes of transcriptome and proteome,although soybean plants showed very few transcriptional responses to-P and dodder did not show any transcriptional changes to either-N or-P.Importantly,large-scale interplant transport of mRNAs and proteins was detected.Although the mobile mRNAs only comprised at most 0.2%of the transcriptomes,the foreign mobile proteins could reach 6.8%of the total proteins,suggesting that proteins may be the major forms of interplant communications.Furthermore,the interplant mobility of macromolecules was specifically affected by the nutrient regimes and the transport of these macromolecules was very likely independently regulated.This study provides new insight into the communication between host plants and parasites under stress conditions.
基金the Program of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Nanchang University (SKLF-ZZB-202119)。
文摘The nutrient digestion,absorption and biological activity of bee pollen may be limited due to the complex pollen wall.Here,the effect of superfine grinding technology on the release of nutrients from bee pollen were investigated,and their antioxidant activities and in vitro digestion were explored in this study.Results showed that the content of nutrients in bee pollen increased after wall disruption.Among them,fat content increased by 22.55%-8.31%,protein content increased by 0.54%-4.91%,starch content increased by 36.31%-48.64%,soluble sugar content increased by 20.57%-29.67%,total phenolic acid content increased by 11.73%-86.98%and total flavonoids content increased by 14.29%-24.79%.At the same time,the antioxidant activity increased by 14.84%-46.00%.Furthermore,the active components such as phenolic compounds in the wall-disruption bee pollen were more readily to be released during the in vitro digestion,and easier to be absorbed because of their higher bioaccessibility.Antioxidant activities during in vitro digestion were also improved in walldisruption bee pollen.These findings provide evidence that bee pollen wall disruption was suggested,thus,it is more conducive to exerting the value of bee pollen in functional foods.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300700)the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China National Rice Research Institute(20210403)the Zhejiang“Ten Thousand Talents”Plan Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project,China(2020R52035)。
文摘Nitrogen(N)and potassium(K)are two key mineral nutrient elements involved in rice growth.Accurate diagnosis of N and K status is very important for the rational application of fertilizers at a specific rice growth stage.Therefore,we propose a hybrid model for diagnosing rice nutrient levels at the early panicle initiation stage(EPIS),which combines a convolutional neural network(CNN)with an attention mechanism and a long short-term memory network(LSTM).The model was validated on a large set of sequential images collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)from rice canopies at different growth stages during a two-year experiment.Compared with VGG16,AlexNet,GoogleNet,DenseNet,and inceptionV3,ResNet101 combined with LSTM obtained the highest average accuracy of 83.81%on the dataset of Huanghuazhan(HHZ,an indica cultivar).When tested on the datasets of HHZ and Xiushui 134(XS134,a japonica rice variety)in 2021,the ResNet101-LSTM model enhanced with the squeeze-and-excitation(SE)block achieved the highest accuracies of 85.38 and 88.38%,respectively.Through the cross-dataset method,the average accuracies on the HHZ and XS134 datasets tested in 2022 were 81.25 and 82.50%,respectively,showing a good generalization.Our proposed model works with the dynamic information of different rice growth stages and can efficiently diagnose different rice nutrient status levels at EPIS,which are helpful for making practical decisions regarding rational fertilization treatments at the panicle initiation stage.
基金financially supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20609)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1901102-4)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Integrative Sustainable Dryland Agriculture(in preparation)the Shanxi Agricultural University,China(202003-3)the Open Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province,China(2020002)。
文摘Tillage practices during the fallow period benefit water storage and yield in dryland wheat crops.However,there is currently no clarity on the responses of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),and available nutrients to tillage practices within the growing season.This study evaluated the effects of three tillage practices(NT,no tillage;SS,subsoil tillage;DT,deep tillage)over five years on soil physicochemical properties.Soil samples at harvest stage from the fifth year were analyzed to determine the soil aggregate and aggregate-associated C and N fractions.The results indicated that SS and DT improved grain yield,straw biomass and straw carbon return of wheat compared with NT.In contrast to DT and NT,SS favored SOC and TN concentrations and stocks by increasing the soil organic carbon sequestration rate(SOCSR)and soil nitrogen sequestration rate(TNSR)in the 0-40 cm layer.Higher SOC levels under SS and NT were associated with greater aggregate-associated C fractions,while TN was positively associated with soluble organic nitrogen(SON).Compared with DT,the NT and SS treatments improved soil available nutrients in the 0-20 cm layer.These findings suggest that SS is an excellent practice for increasing soil carbon,nitrogen and nutrient availability in dryland wheat fields in North China.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82273613)Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LC2016032).
文摘Background:The cold winter weather in northern China influences the dietary habits of its residents,contributing to a heightened risk of cardiovascular disorders,such as hypertension and coronary heart disease.Key factors include low vegetable consumption and high salt and fat intakes.This study aims to investigate the relationships between northern dietary nutrient intake in northern China and cardiovascular disorders during the winter season.Methods:A food frequency questionnaire tailored to the actual eating habits in northern China was designed.Retrospective data from 955 Chinese adults were collected from November to March between 2014 to 2023.Logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between dietary nutrients and cardiovascular diseases,with model performance assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results:Adjusted for gender,age,and body mass index(BMI),an inverse association was observed between vitamin A(OR=0.706,95%CI:0.550,0.907),nicotinic acid(OR=0.584,95%CI:0.447,0.762),phosphorus(OR=0.777,95%CI:0.608,0.994),selenium(OR=0.719,95%CI:0.560,0.923),zinc(OR=0.683,95%CI:0.531,0.880),methionine(OR=0.730,95%CI:0.569,0.936),arginine(OR=0.753,95%CI:0.588,0.964),lysine(OR=0.706,95%CI:0.550,0.907),aspartic acid(OR=0.730,95%CI:0.569,0.936)and hypertension.Additionally,a negative association was found between niacin(OR=0.752,95%CI:0.597,0.946)and coronary heart disease.Conversely,a positive association was identified between iodine and hypertension(OR=1.305,95%CI:1.020,1.669)and coronary heart disease(OR=1.301,95%CI:1.037,1.634).Conclusion:Our study suggests that maintaining a balanced dietary intake of vitamin A,niacin,phosphorus,selenium,zinc,methionine,arginine,lysine,and aspartic acid can be beneficial in preventing hypertension.Adequate niacin intake is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease.However,excessive iodine intake may contribute to hypertension and coronary heart disease.
文摘The necessity to saline and sodic waters is sometimes used for irrigating agricultural activities under certain circumstances, but it is important to note that the use of these waters comes with specific considerations and limitations. One way to decrease undesirable effects of sodic waters on the physical and chemical properties of soils is to apply organic and chemical amendments within the soil. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of saline water on soil acidity, alkalinity and nutrients leaching in sandy loamy soil at Bella flower farm, in Rwamagana District, Rwanda. The water used was from the Muhazi Lake which is classified as Class I (Saline water quality). Column leaching experiments using treated soils were then conducted under saturated conditions. The soil under experimental was first analyzed for its textural classification, soil properties and is classified as sandy loamy soil. The t-test was taken at 1%, 5% and 10% levels of statistical significance compared to control soil. The results indicated that the application of saline water to soils caused an increase in some soil nutrients like increase of Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), Magnesium (Mg2<sup>+</sup>), Sulphur (S), CN ratio and Sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) and decreased soil texture, physical and chemical properties and remained soil nutrients. Consequently, the intensive addition of saline water leachates to soil in PVC pipes led to decreased of soil EC through leaching and a raiser Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP). The rate of saline water application affected the increase accumulation of SAR and Na% in the top soil layers. The study indicated that saline water is an inefficient amendment for sandy soil with saline water irrigation. The study recommends further studies with similar topic with saline water irrigation, as it accentuated the alkalinity levels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31988102)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0503906)。
文摘Shifts in tree species and their mycorrhizal associations driven by global change play key roles in biogeochemical cycles. In this paper, we proposed a framework of the mycorrhizal-associated nutrient economy(MANE), and tested it using nutrient addition experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests. We selected two tropical rainforests dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) and ectomycorrhizal(ECM) trees, and established eighteen20 m×20 m plots in each rainforest. Six nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) addition treatments were randomly distributed in each rainforest with three replicates. We examined the differences in soil carbon(C) and nutrient cycling, plant and litter productivity between the two rainforests and their responses to 10-year inorganic N and P additions. We also quantified the P pools of plants, roots, litter, soil and microbes in the two rainforests. Overall,distinct MANE frameworks were applicable for tropical rainforests, in which soil C, N and P were cycled primarily in an inorganic form in the AM-dominated rainforest, whereas they were cycled in an organic form in the ECMdominated rainforest. Notably, the effects of mycorrhizal types on soil P cycling were stronger than those on C and N cycling. The intensified N and P deposition benefited the growth of AM-dominated rainforests instead of ECMdominated rainforests. Our findings underpin the key role of mycorrhizal types in regulating biogeochemical processes, and have important implications for predicting the ecological consequences of global changes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32271846,31400613)the Key Program of Education Department of Liaoning Province(No.LJKZZ20220050).
文摘In the semiarid sandy region of Northeast China,Mongolian pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)suffers dieback after the age of 35,while Japanese red pine(Pinus densiflora)and Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis)stay healthy.Foliar nutrient retranslocation reflects the nutrient conservation and utilization mechanism of plants in response to their habitats.However,the nutrient retranslocation strategies employed by three Pinus tree species to cope with nutrient limitations remain largely unknown.For this study,we investigated the seasonal variations in nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)concentrations of Mongolian pine,Japanese red pine,and Chinese pine plantations in terms of the green needles of all ages,senesced needles,and soil.Further,the N retranslocation efficiency(NRE),and P retranslocation efficiency(PRE),and correlations between the N:P ratios of needles and soil were analyzed.The results showed that,except for the spring NRE in 1-year-old needles of Mongolian pine,the spring NRE and PRE in 1-and 2-year-old needles of the three tree species were greater than zero.The autumn PRE was higher than zero for Mongolian pine,but lower than zero for Japanese red pine and Chinese pine.Among the three Pinus species,Mongolian pine showed greater spring PRE in 2-year-old needles,and PRE from 1-to 2-yearold needles,and from 2-year-old needles to litter.However,Japanese red pine had higher P concentrations and lower N:P ratios in senesced needles,while greater PRE was found in Chinese pine litter.Significant relationships between the N:P ratios were found in the current year and 1-year-old needles and soil in the Mongolian pine plantation,while there was an insignificant relationship between the N:P ratios of the needles and soil in the Chinese pine plantation.Thus,for Mongolian pine,the removal of P from needles in autumn,and higher P translocation from older needles under P-deficient soil may have contributed to the tree dieback.In contrast,Japanese red pine and Chinese pine stored P in their needles during autumn.Japanese red pine returned more P to the soil via litter,while Chinese pine maintained N:P homeostasis and increased P withdrawal prior to needle abscission.
文摘It is important to understand the research trends and hotspots of global soil nutrient migration and control. Based on the core collection of WOS (Web of Science), citespace knowledge map analysis tool was used to analyze the number of publications, cooperation networks, disciplines, research hotspots and frontier trends on nutrient migration in soil. The results showed that: the number of publications on the study of soil nutrient migration showed a good growth from 1990 to 2021. 173 countries had cooperative relationships. The number of articles published in the United States and China was significantly higher than that in other countries, while Chinese Academy of Sciences was the institution with the largest number of publications. It was a comprehensive system that permeates with agriculture, environmental science, botany and other disciplines. The research of nutrient migration in soil mainly focused on the measures of microbial community in different land types to promote nutrient transformation, improve soil fertility and reduce nutrient loss. In the future, the research trends will be the management measures of soil nutrient loss, the relationship between the change of soil nutrient and plant community diversity, and the remediation of agricultural contaminated soil. Through the above analysis, there was an overall understanding of soil nutrient migration. The research on nutrient migration may continue to increase in the future. It is suggested that Chinese research institutions, teams and universities need to strengthen international cooperation, and speed up their integration with the international community.
文摘Finger millet (FM) is rich in nutrients such as minerals, vitamins, and amino acids. However, the levels of nutrients and their bioaccessibility depend on the variety, the levels of ant nutrients, the chemical form of nutrients, and the type of processing methods used. The study determined the levels of selected nutrients, anti-nutrients, and bioaccessibility in raw and processed varieties of finger millet being developed by the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) in Kenya. Raw finger millet seeds from KALRO Centers in Kenya were processed by malting for 60 hours and roasting at 110°C for 5 minutes as the optimal conditions. Levels of minerals were determined by AAS and AES, anti-nutrients by UV-visible spectrophotometer, proteins by the Pierce kit method, and vitamins by HPLC. The IE4115 and IE3779 showed the highest levels of nutrients and lowest levels of antinutrients hence preferred for processing and bioaccessibility studies. The level (mg/100 g) of selected minerals;K, Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Mg, Ca, P, Fe, and Zn were found to be highest in the following varieties of the FM;IE3779 (688.519 ± 1.57), IE 4115 (1.29 ± 0.07), IE4115 (294.38 ± 1.93), IE3779 (466.67 ± 4.17), IE4115 (250.92 ± 0.33), KERICHO P (16.98 ± 0.05) and IE4115 (64.10 ± 2.35) respectively. For β-carotene, vitamin B, B2, B3, B6 and B9 the levels were highest in the following varieties of FM;KAKW3 (0.023 ± 0.02), IE4115 (14.85 ± 0.16), IE4115 (12.998 ± 0.04), IE4115 (5.843 ± 0.07), IE3779 (0.06 ± 0.04) and KAKW4 (9.832 ± 0.08). Phytates, tannins, phenols, and oxalates were found to be lowest in the following varieties: IE3779 (14.20 ± 2.90, IE4115 (27.83 ± 0.73), NKFM1 (9.69 ± 0.07) and IE4115 (0.25 ± 0.01). The highest bioaccessibility values reported for K, Mg, Ca, P, Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Fe, and Zn were 89.53% (malting, IE3779), 49.28% (malting, IE4115), 60.41% (Malting, IE4115), 69.40% (malting, IE4115), 12.9% (malting, IE4115), 59.84% (malting, KAKW3) and 66.89% (roasting, IE3779) respectively (Table 8). For beta carotene, vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6 and B9 the values were 73.33% (malting, p224), 78.84% (malting, IE4115), 78.34 (malting, IE3779), 97.63% (malting, IE4115), 91.64% (malting, IE4115), and 77.52% (roasting, IE4115) (table The result on levels and bioaccessibility showed that IE4115 and IE3779 varieties were more nutritious and therefore should be promoted for nutritional security.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1500100)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA28070100)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41807085)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS04)。
文摘Inversion tillage with straw amendment is widely applied in northeastern China, and it can substantially increase the storage of carbon and improve multiple subsoil functions. Soil microorganisms are believed to be the key to this process,but research into their role in subsoil amelioration is limited. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in 2018 in a region in northeastern China with Hapli-Udic Cambisol using four treatments: conventional tillage(CT, tillage to a depth of 15 cm with no straw incorporation), straw incorporation with conventional tillage(SCT, tillage to a depth of 15 cm),inversion tillage(IT, tillage to a depth of 35 cm) and straw incorporation with inversion tillage(SIT, tillage to a depth of 35 cm). The soils were managed by inversion to a depth of 15 or 35 cm every year after harvest. The results indicated that SIT improved soil multi-nutrient cycling variables and increased the availability of key nutrients such as soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in both the topsoil and subsoil.In contrast to CT and SCT, SIT created a looser microbial network structure but with highly centralized clusters by reducing the topological properties of average connectivity and node number, and by increasing the average path length and the modularity. A Random Forest analysis found that the average path length and the clustering coefficient were the main determinants of soil multi-nutrient cycling. These findings suggested that SIT can be an effective option for improving soil multi-nutrient cycling and the structure of microbial networks, and they provide crucial information about the microbial strategies that drive the decomposition of straw in Hapli-Udic Cambisol.
基金funded by Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172744 and 31902165)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515012116)Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou City(202102080090).
文摘Background:This study aimed to investigate the hydration properties of different-source fibrous materials by com-paring their water-binding capacity(WBC),water swelling capacity(WSC),viscosity,and in vivo effects of selected samples on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,diarrhea,and intestinal health in weaned piglets.Methods:A total of 13 commercially available fibrous materials were first compared in chemical composition and in vitro hydration property.Subsequently,40 weaned piglets were randomized to five experimental dietary groups(8 piglets per group):control diet(a basal diet without dietary fiber,CON),basal diet supplemented with 5%microcrys-talline cellulose(MCC),5%wheat bran(WB),5%Moringa oleifera leaf powder(MOLP),or 5%sugar beet pulp(SBP),fol-lowed by analyzing their growth performance and diarrhea rate in a 28-d experiment.After the feeding experiment,anaesthetized piglets were killed,and their intestinal and colon content or plasma samples were analyzed in nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,intestinal barrier,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bacterial population.Results:In vitro studies showed low hydration properties for WB and MCC,while medium hydration properties for MOLP and SBP.In vivo studies indicated that compared with medium hydration property groups,low hydration prop-erty groups showed(1)exacerbated diarrhea,impaired intestinal health,and reduced apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter,gross energy,acid detergent fiber,and neutral detergent fiber;(2)decreased SCFAs concentration and rela-tive levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium,but increased levels of Escherichia coli and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in colon contents.Additionally,SBP showed optimal performance in reducing diarrhea and increasing SCFAs produc-tion.Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of fiber hydration properties with in vitro SCFAs production,and diarrhea index and nutrient digestibility were negatively and positively correlated with SCFAs levels in the colon contents of weaned piglets,respectively.Conclusions:Different-source dietary fibers varied in their hydration properties and impacts on diarrhea,microbial composition and SCFAs production in weaned piglets.WB and MCC could exacerbate diarrhea and impair nutrient digestibility,probably because their low hydration properties were detrimental to gut microbial homeostasis and fermentation.Our findings provide new ideas for rational use of fiber resources in weaned piglets.
基金The Basque Government(BIOMICs Research Group,MICROFLUIDICs&BIOMICs Cluster of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU),No.IT1633-22.
文摘BACKGROUND Dietary methyl donors might influence DNA methylation during carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer(CRC).However,whether the influence of methyl donor intake is modified by polymorphisms in such epigenetic regulators is still unclear.AIM To improve the current understanding of the molecular basis of CRC.METHODS A literature search in the Medline database,Reference Citation Analysis(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/),and manual reference screening were performed to identify observational studies published from inception to May 2022.RESULTS A total of fourteen case-control studies and five cohort studies were identified.These studies included information on dietary methyl donors,dietary components that potentially modulate the bioavailability of methyl groups,genetic variants of methyl metabolizing enzymes,and/or markers of CpG island methylator phenotype and/or microsatellite instability,and their possible interactions on CRC risk.CONCLUSION Several studies have suggested interactions between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms,methyl donor nutrients(such as folate)and alcohol on CRC risk.Moreover,vitamin B6,niacin,and alcohol may affect CRC risk through not only genetic but also epigenetic regulation.Identification of specific mechanisms in these interactions associated with CRC may assist in developing targeted prevention strategies for individuals at the highest risk of developing CRC.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31801255 and 52071200)。
文摘Nitrogen(N) and potassium(K) are essential elements for rice growth. When N and K are in deficient rice, specific symptoms appear on the leaves that are similar and difficult to distinguish with the naked eye.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U2240207,41971043,51809178)the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2018AB36010)。
文摘Constructing multispecies submerged vegetation systems and maintaining stable seasonal succession is crucial for restoring shallow eutrophic lakes.However,little is known about the interactions between successional and existing species of different growth forms,particularly under the low light and high nutrient conditions of eutrophic lakes.We measured the functional traits of mature Vallisneria natans(Lour.)Hara plants and Potamogeton crispus L.shoots in monoculture and mosaic patterns under different light and nutrient conditions.The effect of light on functional traits of the submerged macrophyte species was more significant than that of nutrients,but the reverse was true for P.crispus biomass allocation.Moreover,interspecific interactions affected only the submerged macrophytes under the low light condition and varied with species.Specifically,the interaction of P.crispus to V.natans was biased towards competition,while the interaction of V.natans to P.crispus was converted from facilitation to competition by eutrophication,particularly in the homogenous mosaic growth pattern.This study demonstrates that sufficient light is a prerequisite and patch planting is an effective means to form a multispecies submerged vegetation system.In addition,we emphasize that the coexistence of eutrophication and low light will likely result in a competition between submerged macrophytes thus simplifying the vegetation,even if their growth forms and growing seasons are different.These findings help explain the collapse of multispecies submerged vegetation and guide the restoration of aquatic plants in eutrophic lakes.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong under contract No.2021A1515011384。
文摘Marine ciliates play important roles not only in linking the microbial loop to the classic pelagic and benthic food chains but also in regenerating nutrients,yet how dietary nutrient imbalance impacts their nutrient regeneration has not been thoroughly addressed.The growth and physiological responses of Euplotes vannus to low dietary nitrogen(LN)and low dietary phosphorus(LP)conditions were studied,with the bacterium Pseudomonas putida as prey.Feeding on LN prey reduced the growth rate of E.vannus.Dietary nutrient limitation changed the types and quantities of nutrient recycling.Feeding on LP prey enhanced dissolved organic carbon excretion but reduced orthophosphate excretion,whereas feeding on LN prey generally resulted in decreases in the excretion rate in all N forms(ammonium,urea,and nitrate).In addition,the proportion of ammonium in regenerated N increased significantly under the LN condition.These findings indicate that a nutrient-imbalanced diet triggers E.vannus to retain limited macronutrients and promotes the recycling of excessive macronutrients,which may potentially form positive and negative feedback to ambient N and P limitations,respectively.
基金The Fund of Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning,Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea,Ministry of Natural Resources under contract No.2022107the Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project under contract No.QDBSH202001。
文摘Since 2015, green tides have been blooming in offshore waters of Qinhuangdao, with serious impacts on the local ecological environment and tourism. Ulva australis, Bryopsis plumosa, and U. prolifera are the dominant species of Qinhuangdao green tides, following a sequential succession pattern. Ulva prolifera is the dominant species,with the highest biomass and the greatest influence on the local ecological environment. To study the reason of green tide dominant species succession and U. profilera became the dominant species with the largest biomass,we compared and analyzed the growth and nutrient uptake capacity of the three algae. The results showed that temperature significantly affects the growth of the three species. Within the temperature range of the experimental setup, the optimum temperature for the growth of U. australis, B. plumosa and U. profilera is10℃, 15℃, and 20–25℃, respectively. Combined with the temperature variation trend during green tide bloom development, we believe that temperature is the key environmental factor for the succession of the dominant species. Ulva prolifera has a higher growth rate than U. australis and B. plumosa under the same nitrate,ammonium, and phosphate levels. Significant differences in the maximum absorption rate(R_(max)) and R_(max)/Ks(the relationship between uptake rate and substrate concentration) values indicated that U. prolifera had an apparent competitive advantage over U. australis and B. plumosa regarding nutrient uptake. Therefore, the strong growth and nutrient uptake capacities of U. prolifera might be the main reason for becoming the dominant species with the largest biomass in Qinhuangdao green tides.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science(CIFMS 2019-I2M-5-024)。
文摘To investigate the role of nutrients intake during pregnancy with longitudinal development of rhinitis,asthma,eczema,wheeze,and food allergy in offspring.The PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane library were searched for articles published throughout May 2022.The pooled effect estimate were presented using relative risk and calculated by the random-effects model.Twenty-three prospective cohort studies enrolling 210817 individuals were included.The risk of wheeze in offspring were lowered when high vitamin D,vitamin E,zinc,and milk intakes during pregnancy,whereas high meat intake during pregnancy could induce additional risk of wheeze in offspring.Moreover,highβ-carotene and magnesium intakes during pregnancy were related to lower eczema risk in offspring,whereas eczema risk in offspring was increased for pregnant women with high intake of butter and margarine.Finally,the asthma risk in offspring could protect against for pregnant women with high intake of vitamin D and apple,whereas high folic acid during pregnancy could produce excess asthma risk in offspring.This study provides the summary evidences regarding the role of nutrients intake during pregnancy and subsequent risk of rhinitis,asthma,eczema,wheeze,and food allergy,and further effective intervention strategies should be employed to improve childhood allergic diseases.
