Recently,computer aided diagnosis(CAD)model becomes an effective tool for decision making in healthcare sector.The advances in computer vision and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques have resulted in the effective d...Recently,computer aided diagnosis(CAD)model becomes an effective tool for decision making in healthcare sector.The advances in computer vision and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques have resulted in the effective design of CAD models,which enables to detection of the existence of diseases using various imaging modalities.Oral cancer(OC)has commonly occurred in head and neck globally.Earlier identification of OC enables to improve survival rate and reduce mortality rate.Therefore,the design of CAD model for OC detection and classification becomes essential.Therefore,this study introduces a novel Computer Aided Diagnosis for OC using Sailfish Optimization with Fusion based Classification(CADOC-SFOFC)model.The proposed CADOC-SFOFC model determines the existence of OC on the medical images.To accomplish this,a fusion based feature extraction process is carried out by the use of VGGNet-16 and Residual Network(ResNet)model.Besides,feature vectors are fused and passed into the extreme learning machine(ELM)model for classification process.Moreover,SFO algorithm is utilized for effective parameter selection of the ELM model,consequently resulting in enhanced performance.The experimental analysis of the CADOC-SFOFC model was tested on Kaggle dataset and the results reported the betterment of the CADOC-SFOFC model over the compared methods with maximum accuracy of 98.11%.Therefore,the CADOC-SFOFC model has maximum potential as an inexpensive and non-invasive tool which supports screening process and enhances the detection efficiency.展开更多
Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)is utilized in locally advanced oral cancers to reduce the tumor burden and downstage the tumor to be amenable for definitive surgical management.Its long-term results compared to upfron...Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)is utilized in locally advanced oral cancers to reduce the tumor burden and downstage the tumor to be amenable for definitive surgical management.Its long-term results compared to upfront surgical resection was not encouraging.Immunotherapy has now been used not only in recurrence and metastatic setting but also in the locally advanced tumor management regimens.The purpose of this concept paper is to bring forward the rationale to use a fixed low-dose immunotherapy agent as a potentiator to the standard NACT regimen and recommend their future investigation in oral cancer management.展开更多
The global incidence of oral cancer has steadily increased in recent years and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.Oral cancer is the most common cancer in the head and neck region,and is predominantly of ...The global incidence of oral cancer has steadily increased in recent years and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.Oral cancer is the most common cancer in the head and neck region,and is predominantly of epithelial origin(i.e.squamous cell carcinoma).Oral cancer treatment modalities mainly include surgery with or without radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Though proven effective,chemotherapy has significant adverse effects with possibilities of tumor resistance to anticancer drugs and recurrence.Thus,there is an imperative need to identify suitable anticancer therapies that are highly precise with minimal side effects and to make oral cancer treatment effective and safer.Among the available adjuvant therapies is curcumin,a plant polyphenol isolated from the rhizome of the turmeric plant Curcuma longa.Curcumin has been demonstrated to have antiinfectious,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anticarcinogenic properties.Curcumin has poor bioavailability,which has been overcome by its various analogues and nanoformulations,such as nanoparticles,liposome complexes,micelles,and phospholipid complexes.Studies have shown that the anticancer effects of curcumin are mediated by its action on multiple molecular targets,including activator protein 1,protein kinase B(Akt),nuclear factorκ-light-chainenhancer of activated B cells,mitogen-activated protein kinase,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)expression,and EGFR downstream signaling pathways.These targets play important roles in oral cancer pathogenesis,thereby making curcumin a promising adjuvant treatment modality.This review aims to summarize the different novel formulations of curcumin and their role in the treatment of oral cancer.展开更多
Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck.It is characterized by high rates of recurrence and distant metastasis and usually has a poor prognosis.Despite advances in cancer diagnosis and trea...Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck.It is characterized by high rates of recurrence and distant metastasis and usually has a poor prognosis.Despite advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment,the overall 5-year survival rate for oral cancer remains within40%-50%[1].展开更多
Objective:To explore the advantages of continuous nursing based on the Omaha system for patients with oral cancer surgery.Methods:120 cases patients who were treated surgically for oral cancer from January 2020 to Jun...Objective:To explore the advantages of continuous nursing based on the Omaha system for patients with oral cancer surgery.Methods:120 cases patients who were treated surgically for oral cancer from January 2020 to June 2022 were selected for this study;the ages of patients ranged from 26-78 years old.The patients were divided into a control group(60 patients)who would undergo routine nursing and an observation group who would undergo continuous nursing based on the Omaha.Statistical analysis was carried out on the clinical data.Results:After nursing,the quality of life,degree of understanding towards the disease,total satisfaction,and total rate of effectiveness of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group,and the negative emotion scores were significantly lower in the observation group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Continuous nursing based on the Omaha system can not only improve the quality of life of oral cancer patients after surgery,but also alleviate the negative emotions of patients,expand the degree of understanding towards the disease,and improve their overall quality of life.Besides,high rates of nursing satisfaction and total effectiveness can promote the postoperative recovery of patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Oral cancer(OC)is the most common malignant tumor in the oral cavity,and is mainly seen in middle-aged and elderly men.At present,OC is mainly treated clinically by surgery or combined with radiotherapy and...BACKGROUND Oral cancer(OC)is the most common malignant tumor in the oral cavity,and is mainly seen in middle-aged and elderly men.At present,OC is mainly treated clinically by surgery or combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy;but recently,more and more studies have shown that the stress trauma caused by surgery and the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy seriously affect the prognosis of patients.AIM To determine the significance of 125I radioactive seed implantation on growth differentiation factor 11(GDF11)and programmed death receptor-1(PD-1)during treatment of OC.METHODS A total of 184 OC patients admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University from May 2015 to May 2017 were selected as the research subjects for prospective analysis.Of these patients,89 who received 125I radioactive seed implantation therapy were regarded as the research group(RG)and 95 patients who received surgical treatment were regarded as the control group(CG).The clinical efficacy,incidence of adverse reactions and changes in GDF11 and PD-1 before treatment(T0),2 wk after treatment(T1),4 wk after treatment(T2)and 6 wk after treatment(T3)were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The efficacy and recurrence rate in the RG were better than those in the CG(P<0.05),while the incidence of adverse reactions and survival rate were not different.There was no difference in GDF11 and PD-1 between the two groups at T0 and T1,but these factors were lower in the RG than in the CG at T2 and T3(P<0.05).Using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis,GDF11 and PD-1 had good predictive value for efficacy and recurrence(P<0.001).CONCLUSION 125I radioactive seed implantation has clinical efficacy and can reduce the recurrence rate in patients with OC.This therapy has marked potential in clinical application.The detection of GDF11 and PD-1 in patients during treatment showed good predictive value for treatment efficacy and recurrence in OC patients,and may be potential targets for future OC treatment.展开更多
An association between Candida and oral cancer has long been discussed in the literature and in particular Candida albicans has been proposed to play a significant role in the development of oral cancer. Although this...An association between Candida and oral cancer has long been discussed in the literature and in particular Candida albicans has been proposed to play a significant role in the development of oral cancer. Although this organism is a common member of the oral mucosa and can cause a variety of oral mucosal lesions, the exact mechanisms by which C. albicans potentially causes the development of malignant disease still require much research. We have undertaken an extensive literature search to understand pathogenicity of C. albicans, including its virulence factors, its interactions with the host immune, how a dysregulation of the immune response can result in malignancy, and how a potential C. albicans specific cytokine response may be involved in oral carcinogenesis. We present here a candid assessment of the role of Candida in oral carcinogenesis and a hypothetical model about how this may occur. Finally, we present potential future research which is necessary to elucidate this role.展开更多
<b>Introduction:</b> Oral cancer is the third most prominent type of cancer in Bangladesh. During or after oral cancer treatment, immune-compromised cancer patients may be susceptible to an infection by mu...<b>Introduction:</b> Oral cancer is the third most prominent type of cancer in Bangladesh. During or after oral cancer treatment, immune-compromised cancer patients may be susceptible to an infection by multi-drug-resistant opportunistic microbes. This study aims to identify the prevalent microorganisms from the infected site of oral cancer patients and observe their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Clinical samples were collected from the infected sites of oral cancer patients and healthy people. The swabs collected were placed on nutrient agar slant, then incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC. Bacteria from the slant were inoculated in several selective media (Mannitol Salt Agar Media, KF Streptococcus Agar media, Cetrimide Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar). Several biochemical tests identified opportunistic microorganisms. Finally, the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. <b>Results:</b> The study found that 65.4% of microbes isolated from the patients’ oral cavities were Gram-negative bacteria, and 34.6% were Gram-positive bacteria. Among the patient group isolates (n = 55), the most prevalent organism was <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. (30;54.54%). Others were <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. (27;49.09%), <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (24;43.63%), <i>E. coli</i> (14;25.45%), <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (14;25.45%), <i>Proteus</i> spp. (12;21.8%) and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (6;10.90%). Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes from the patient group have shown high resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. In the control group (n = 50), the most prevalent organism was <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (15;30%). Other organisms were <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (6;12%), <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. (11;22%), <i>E. coli</i> (3;6%), <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (14;25.45%), <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. (8;16%). The microbes of the control group showed less resistance to the antibiotics and rather showed sensitivity to them. <b>Conclusion:</b> The study revealed a high prevalence of multi-drug-resistant opportunistic microbes on immune-compromised oral cancer patients compared to microbes isolated from healthy people’s oral cavity.展开更多
The Yes-associated protein(YAP)is a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway and acts as a key transcription co-factor to regulate cell migration,proliferation,and survival.The Hippo pathway is evolutionarily conserve...The Yes-associated protein(YAP)is a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway and acts as a key transcription co-factor to regulate cell migration,proliferation,and survival.The Hippo pathway is evolutionarily conserved and controls tissue growth and organ size.Dysregulation and heterogeneity of this pathway are found in cancers,including oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),leading to overexpression of YAP and its regulated proliferation machinery.The activity of YAP is associated with its nuclear expression and is negatively regulated by the Hippo kinase-mediated phosphorylation resulting in an induction of its cytoplasmic translocation.This review focuses on the role of YAP in OSCC in the context of cancer metastatic potential and highlights the latestfindings about the heterogeneity of YAP expression and its nuclear transcription activity in oral cancer cell lines.The review also discusses the potential target of YAP in oral cancer therapy and the recentfinding of the unprecedented role of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-3(DSG3)in regulating Hippo-YAP signaling.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of erianin on the viability,migration,and invasion of KB cells and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Cell Counting Kit-8,colony formation,wound healing,and Transwell assays w...Objective:To evaluate the effect of erianin on the viability,migration,and invasion of KB cells and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Cell Counting Kit-8,colony formation,wound healing,and Transwell assays were used to determine the proliferation,migration,and invasion of oral cancer KB cells.Furthermore,malondialdehyde(MDA)and glutathione(GSH)levels were determined.Fluorescent probes were used to detect changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species and iron ions.Additionally,the expressions of ferroptosis-related proteins,NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2),ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1),heme oxygenase 1(HO-1),and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)were analyzed by Western blotting assays.Results:Erianin induced ferroptosis and inhibited the proliferation,migration,and invasion of KB cells.Moreover,erianin decreased GSH level,increased MDA level,elevated intracellular ROS and Fe2+contents,and downregulated the expression of the ferroptosis-related proteins Nrf2,HO-1,GPX4,and FTH1 in KB cells.These effects of erianin were effectively reversed by a ferroptosis inhibitor,ferrostatin-1.Conclusions:Erianin inhibits the proliferation,migration,and invasion of oral cancer cells and induces ferroptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 signaling pathway.Therefore,erianin may be a potential candidate for the treatment of oral cancer.展开更多
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma(OSCC)is a type of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma(HNSCC)and it should be diagnosed at early stages to accomplish efficient treatment,increase the survival rate,and reduce death rate....Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma(OSCC)is a type of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma(HNSCC)and it should be diagnosed at early stages to accomplish efficient treatment,increase the survival rate,and reduce death rate.Histopathological imaging is a wide-spread standard used for OSCC detection.However,it is a cumbersome process and demands expert’s knowledge.So,there is a need exists for automated detection ofOSCC using Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Computer Vision(CV)technologies.In this background,the current research article introduces Improved Slime Mould Algorithm with Artificial Intelligence Driven Oral Cancer Classification(ISMA-AIOCC)model on Histopathological images(HIs).The presented ISMA-AIOCC model is aimed at identification and categorization of oral cancer using HIs.At the initial stage,linear smoothing filter is applied to eradicate the noise from images.Besides,MobileNet model is employed to generate a useful set of feature vectors.Then,Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit(BGRU)model is exploited for classification process.At the end,ISMA algorithm is utilized to fine tune the parameters involved in BGRU model.Moreover,ISMA algorithm is created by integrating traditional SMA and ChaoticOppositional Based Learning(COBL).The proposed ISMA-AIOCC model was validated for performance using benchmark dataset and the results pointed out the supremacy of ISMA-AIOCC model over other recent approaches.展开更多
Oral cancer is the most commonly occurring‘head and neck cancers’across the globe.Most of the oral cancer cases are diagnosed at later stages due to absence of awareness among public.Since earlier identification of ...Oral cancer is the most commonly occurring‘head and neck cancers’across the globe.Most of the oral cancer cases are diagnosed at later stages due to absence of awareness among public.Since earlier identification of disease is essential for improved outcomes,Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)models are used in this regard.In this background,the current study introduces Artificial Intelligence with Deep Transfer Learning driven Oral Cancer detection and Classification Model(AIDTLOCCM).The primary goal of the proposed AIDTL-OCCM model is to diagnose oral cancer using AI and image processing techniques.The proposed AIDTL-OCCM model involves fuzzy-based contrast enhancement approach to perform data pre-processing.Followed by,the densely-connected networks(DenseNet-169)model is employed to produce a useful set of deep features.Moreover,Chimp Optimization Algorithm(COA)with Autoencoder(AE)model is applied for oral cancer detection and classification.Furthermore,COA is employed to determine optimal parameters involved in AE model.A wide range of experimental analyses was conducted on benchmark datasets and the results were investigated under several aspects.The extensive experimental analysis outcomes established the enhanced performance of AIDTLOCCM model compared to other approaches with a maximum accuracy of 90.08%.展开更多
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has marked the beginning of a new pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). The World Health Organization has announced it as a heal...The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has marked the beginning of a new pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). The World Health Organization has announced it as a health emergency that is of international concern. The disease has been reported to cause respiratory illness, pneumonia and even hinder the immunity of an individual. Individuals with disturbed immune responses have been found to be quite susceptible to this viral infection. Oral cancer patients are also at high risk in this pandemic situation and might encounter severe detrimental outcomes. Angiotensin receptors, documented in studies as the path of entry of this virus, are highly expressed in the epithelial cells of oral mucosa, making the group of individuals with oral cancers even more vulnerable. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer is another potential target for SARS-CoV-2. An exhaustion of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 cell receptors leads to protumoral effects, whereas a downregulation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer leads to antitumoral effects. Thus, it causes a variation of the biological behavior of the tumor. This article focusses on the molecular mechanisms, effects and pathophysiology of COVID-19 in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The different molecular changes in oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of COVID-19 will modify various environmental factors for this pathology and have an effect on the carcinogenesis process. Understanding the behavior of the tumor will help plan advanced treatment strategies for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients in the background of COVID-19.展开更多
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide.Public knowledge in oral cancer risk factors and survival is limited.AIM To come up with machine learning(ML)algorithms to predict the length of surv...BACKGROUND Oral cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide.Public knowledge in oral cancer risk factors and survival is limited.AIM To come up with machine learning(ML)algorithms to predict the length of survival for individuals diagnosed with oral cancer,and to explore the most important factors that were responsible for shortening or lengthening oral cancer survival.METHODS We used the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database from the years 1975 to 2016 that consisted of a total of 257880 cases and 94 variables.Four ML techniques in the area of artificial intelligence were applied for model training and validation.Model accuracy was evaluated using mean absolute error(MAE),mean squared error(MSE),root mean squared error(RMSE),R2 and adjusted R2.RESULTS The most important factors predictive of oral cancer survival time were age at diagnosis,primary cancer site,tumor size and year of diagnosis.Year of diagnosis referred to the year when the tumor was first diagnosed,implying that individuals with tumors that were diagnosed in the modern era tend to have longer survival than those diagnosed in the past.The extreme gradient boosting ML algorithms showed the best performance,with the MAE equaled to 13.55,MSE 486.55 and RMSE 22.06.CONCLUSION Using artificial intelligence,we developed a tool that can be used for oral cancer survival prediction and for medical-decision making.The finding relating to the year of diagnosis represented an important new discovery in the literature.The results of this study have implications for cancer prevention and education for the public.展开更多
<strong>Purpose:</strong> To investigate whether photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using a portable fluorescence spectrophotometer (FC-1) can easily and objectively discriminate between normal and tumor cells a...<strong>Purpose:</strong> To investigate whether photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using a portable fluorescence spectrophotometer (FC-1) can easily and objectively discriminate between normal and tumor cells at the dental chairside, and to further compare it with PDD that requires speculum examination by focusing on protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). <strong>Methods: </strong>Three cell lines (2 human oral squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell lines, HSC-2 and HSC-3 cells, and oral keratinocytes, HOK cells) were cultured. 5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA) and deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) were mixed in DMEM, and the mixture was set to Control (DMEM only) and PDD (5-ALA+DFO) groups. And then, a fluorescence was measured under room temperature (RT) and 37°C (Incubation) by using FC-1. In this study, the two conditions were combined with the Control and PDD groups to form the Control/RT, Control/Incubate, PDD/RT, and PDD/Incubate groups. Additionally, the amount of singlet oxygen (1O2) generated by irradiation with 405 nm LED was measured using electron spin resonance spectroscopy to detect PPIX in the cell supernatant after 24 hours. <strong>Results:</strong> In HSC-2 and HSC-3, the fluorescence intensity values increased significantly at 2 hours between the Control/RT and PDD/RT groups. In addition, there was a significant difference between HSC-2 and HSC-3 compared to HOK. In all cell lines, the fluorescence intensity values of the PDD/Incubate group were significantly higher than those of the PDD/Control group. The amount of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> generated by 405 nm LED irradiation was higher in the cell supernatants of all cell lines in the order of Control/RT < Control/Incubate < PDD/RT < PDD/Incubate group, and HSC-3 in the PDD/Incubate group showed a significant increase compared to HOK. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is suggested that PDD using FC-1 can clearly distinguish between normal cells and tumor cells in vitro studies using cell lines at 2 hours under 37°C, and it can detect not only intracellular PPIX, but also extracellular PPIX.展开更多
Background: Oral cancer presents a heterogeneous geographic incidence. Annually, more than 275,000 new cases are diagnosed worldwide. In spite of the easy accessibility of oral cavity during physical examination, most...Background: Oral cancer presents a heterogeneous geographic incidence. Annually, more than 275,000 new cases are diagnosed worldwide. In spite of the easy accessibility of oral cavity during physical examination, most malignancies are not diagnosed until late stages of disease. Methods: Oral health promotion was our main objective, risk factors were identified and oral cavity self-examination was promoted. The population considered (n = 1117) was divided in two main age groups—a youngest (individuals under 25 years old) mostly targeted for oral cancer awareness and oral cavity self examination promotion, and an older group having accumulated potential risk exposure. Results: The results obtained revealed smoking habits and fruits-vegetables consumption deficit as the highest risks factors found. Considering a Risk Factor Exposure Index analysis, individuals with secondary level of instruction and living in sub-urban areas assumed the highest risk exposure. Alcohol consumption had also contributed as a significant risk exposure. Conclusions: Some of these risk factors work as biological reward of quality of life deficit. A wide comprehension of the problem requires a multidisciplinary approach necessarily involving Health and Social Sciences in order to target the core of oral cancer health promotion. An effective epidemiological strategy must thus support three major aspects: population knowledge, sensitization and visual screening.展开更多
In Hungary, the incidence and mortality from oral cancer is so high, that in the past decades it has attracted international attention. The mortality rates are the highest in Europe. As risk factors, smoking and alcoh...In Hungary, the incidence and mortality from oral cancer is so high, that in the past decades it has attracted international attention. The mortality rates are the highest in Europe. As risk factors, smoking and alcohol drinking have a multiplicative role;in addition, a number of dental factors also play a role. Premalignant conditions and lesions are well known. They should be targeted for early detection and early treatment. The screening tool is simple: inspection and palpation. The physician-patient encounters provide opportunity for screening. This paper looks for the answer to the long debated question: who is responsible for oral screening?展开更多
Objective: To descript the incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer among Chinese population in 2011, and provide valuable data for oral cancer prevention and research.Methods: Data from 177 population-based cance...Objective: To descript the incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer among Chinese population in 2011, and provide valuable data for oral cancer prevention and research.Methods: Data from 177 population-based cancer registries distributed in 28 provinces were accepted for this study after evaluation based on quality control criteria, covering a total of 175,310,169 populations and accounting for 13.01% of the overall national population in 2011. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated by area, gender and age groups. The numbers of new cases and deaths were estimated using the 5-year age-specific cancer incidence/mortality rates and the corresponding populations. The Chinese population in 2000 and World Segi's population were used for age-standardized rates.Results: The estimate of new cases diagnosed with oral cancer was 39,450 including 26,160 males and 13,290 females. The overall crude incidence rate for oral cancer was 2.93/100,000. The age-standardized rates by China(ASRCN) population and by World population(ASRwld) were 2.22/100,000 and 2.17/100,000, respectively. Among subjects aged 0-74 years, the cumulative incidence rate was 0.25%. The estimated number of oral cancer deaths of China in 2011 was 16,933, including 11,794 males and 5,139 females. The overall crude mortality rate was 1.26/100,000, accounting for 0.80% of all cancer deaths. The ASRCN and ASRwld for mortality were 0.90/100,000 and 0.89/100,000, respectively. Among subjects aged 0-74 years, the cumulative mortality rate was 0.10%. The incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer were much higher in males and urban areas than in females and rural areas. In addition, the incidence and mortality rates were increased by the raising of ages.Conclusions: Results in the study may have important roles for oral cancer prevention and research. Although oral cancer burden of China is not high, we must pay attention to this malignancy as well. In addition, further researches need to be done for primary and secondary prevention research of oral cancer, especially for the high risk population.展开更多
Background:Oral cancer is a common type of head and neck cancers.Knowing its epidemiologic characteristics is crucial to preventing,diagnosing,and treating this cancer.This study aimed to explore the epidemiologic cha...Background:Oral cancer is a common type of head and neck cancers.Knowing its epidemiologic characteristics is crucial to preventing,diagnosing,and treating this cancer.This study aimed to explore the epidemiologic characteristics of oral cancer in South China.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed data from 4097 oral cancer patients treated at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between 1960 and 2013.We compared the age of onset,sex ratio,pathologic type,and primary tumor location among three subcultural areas(Guangfu,Hakka,and Chaoshan) and between an economically developed region and a less-developed one in Guangdong.Results:Overall,oral cancer had a male-to-female ratio of approximately 2:1,and this ratio decreased over time.Oral cancer occurred mostly in patients of 45-64 years old(54.5%),and the percentage of older patients gradually increased over time.The most common tumor location was the tongue.Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant pathologic type.The percentage of blood type O in oral cancer patients was lower than that in the healthy population.The male-to-female ratio in the Chaoshan area was higher than that in the Guangfu and Hakka areas,whereas the age of disease onset in Guangfu was higher than that in Hakka and Chaoshan.The male-to-female ratio was lower and the age of disease onset was higher in the economically developed region than in the less-developed region.Conclusion:The incidence of oral cancer in South China presents typical characteristics to which doctors should pay attention when diagnosing and treating oral cancer patients.展开更多
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work under grant number(RGP 2/142/43)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2022R151)+1 种基金Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code:22UQU4310373DSR13This research project was supported by a grant from the Research Center of the Female Scientific and Medical Colleges,Deanship of Scientific Research,King Saud University.
文摘Recently,computer aided diagnosis(CAD)model becomes an effective tool for decision making in healthcare sector.The advances in computer vision and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques have resulted in the effective design of CAD models,which enables to detection of the existence of diseases using various imaging modalities.Oral cancer(OC)has commonly occurred in head and neck globally.Earlier identification of OC enables to improve survival rate and reduce mortality rate.Therefore,the design of CAD model for OC detection and classification becomes essential.Therefore,this study introduces a novel Computer Aided Diagnosis for OC using Sailfish Optimization with Fusion based Classification(CADOC-SFOFC)model.The proposed CADOC-SFOFC model determines the existence of OC on the medical images.To accomplish this,a fusion based feature extraction process is carried out by the use of VGGNet-16 and Residual Network(ResNet)model.Besides,feature vectors are fused and passed into the extreme learning machine(ELM)model for classification process.Moreover,SFO algorithm is utilized for effective parameter selection of the ELM model,consequently resulting in enhanced performance.The experimental analysis of the CADOC-SFOFC model was tested on Kaggle dataset and the results reported the betterment of the CADOC-SFOFC model over the compared methods with maximum accuracy of 98.11%.Therefore,the CADOC-SFOFC model has maximum potential as an inexpensive and non-invasive tool which supports screening process and enhances the detection efficiency.
文摘Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)is utilized in locally advanced oral cancers to reduce the tumor burden and downstage the tumor to be amenable for definitive surgical management.Its long-term results compared to upfront surgical resection was not encouraging.Immunotherapy has now been used not only in recurrence and metastatic setting but also in the locally advanced tumor management regimens.The purpose of this concept paper is to bring forward the rationale to use a fixed low-dose immunotherapy agent as a potentiator to the standard NACT regimen and recommend their future investigation in oral cancer management.
文摘The global incidence of oral cancer has steadily increased in recent years and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.Oral cancer is the most common cancer in the head and neck region,and is predominantly of epithelial origin(i.e.squamous cell carcinoma).Oral cancer treatment modalities mainly include surgery with or without radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Though proven effective,chemotherapy has significant adverse effects with possibilities of tumor resistance to anticancer drugs and recurrence.Thus,there is an imperative need to identify suitable anticancer therapies that are highly precise with minimal side effects and to make oral cancer treatment effective and safer.Among the available adjuvant therapies is curcumin,a plant polyphenol isolated from the rhizome of the turmeric plant Curcuma longa.Curcumin has been demonstrated to have antiinfectious,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anticarcinogenic properties.Curcumin has poor bioavailability,which has been overcome by its various analogues and nanoformulations,such as nanoparticles,liposome complexes,micelles,and phospholipid complexes.Studies have shown that the anticancer effects of curcumin are mediated by its action on multiple molecular targets,including activator protein 1,protein kinase B(Akt),nuclear factorκ-light-chainenhancer of activated B cells,mitogen-activated protein kinase,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)expression,and EGFR downstream signaling pathways.These targets play important roles in oral cancer pathogenesis,thereby making curcumin a promising adjuvant treatment modality.This review aims to summarize the different novel formulations of curcumin and their role in the treatment of oral cancer.
基金supported by grants from the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation[ZR2020MH188,ZR2021MH051]Project of Science and Technology Development Plan of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Province[Grant/Award Number:2019-0424]2021 Youth Innovation Talent Introduction and Education Program of Shandong Province Universities(The innovative team for molecular epidemiology of oral cancer based on multi-omics)。
文摘Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck.It is characterized by high rates of recurrence and distant metastasis and usually has a poor prognosis.Despite advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment,the overall 5-year survival rate for oral cancer remains within40%-50%[1].
基金Natural Science Foundation of China:Analysis of the Current Situation of Waterway Pollution in Dental Units and Preliminary Study on the Effect of New Intervention Measures(Fund Number:201801D121343)。
文摘Objective:To explore the advantages of continuous nursing based on the Omaha system for patients with oral cancer surgery.Methods:120 cases patients who were treated surgically for oral cancer from January 2020 to June 2022 were selected for this study;the ages of patients ranged from 26-78 years old.The patients were divided into a control group(60 patients)who would undergo routine nursing and an observation group who would undergo continuous nursing based on the Omaha.Statistical analysis was carried out on the clinical data.Results:After nursing,the quality of life,degree of understanding towards the disease,total satisfaction,and total rate of effectiveness of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group,and the negative emotion scores were significantly lower in the observation group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Continuous nursing based on the Omaha system can not only improve the quality of life of oral cancer patients after surgery,but also alleviate the negative emotions of patients,expand the degree of understanding towards the disease,and improve their overall quality of life.Besides,high rates of nursing satisfaction and total effectiveness can promote the postoperative recovery of patients.
基金Supported by Heilongjiang Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission Research Project,No.2017-413
文摘BACKGROUND Oral cancer(OC)is the most common malignant tumor in the oral cavity,and is mainly seen in middle-aged and elderly men.At present,OC is mainly treated clinically by surgery or combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy;but recently,more and more studies have shown that the stress trauma caused by surgery and the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy seriously affect the prognosis of patients.AIM To determine the significance of 125I radioactive seed implantation on growth differentiation factor 11(GDF11)and programmed death receptor-1(PD-1)during treatment of OC.METHODS A total of 184 OC patients admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University from May 2015 to May 2017 were selected as the research subjects for prospective analysis.Of these patients,89 who received 125I radioactive seed implantation therapy were regarded as the research group(RG)and 95 patients who received surgical treatment were regarded as the control group(CG).The clinical efficacy,incidence of adverse reactions and changes in GDF11 and PD-1 before treatment(T0),2 wk after treatment(T1),4 wk after treatment(T2)and 6 wk after treatment(T3)were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The efficacy and recurrence rate in the RG were better than those in the CG(P<0.05),while the incidence of adverse reactions and survival rate were not different.There was no difference in GDF11 and PD-1 between the two groups at T0 and T1,but these factors were lower in the RG than in the CG at T2 and T3(P<0.05).Using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis,GDF11 and PD-1 had good predictive value for efficacy and recurrence(P<0.001).CONCLUSION 125I radioactive seed implantation has clinical efficacy and can reduce the recurrence rate in patients with OC.This therapy has marked potential in clinical application.The detection of GDF11 and PD-1 in patients during treatment showed good predictive value for treatment efficacy and recurrence in OC patients,and may be potential targets for future OC treatment.
文摘An association between Candida and oral cancer has long been discussed in the literature and in particular Candida albicans has been proposed to play a significant role in the development of oral cancer. Although this organism is a common member of the oral mucosa and can cause a variety of oral mucosal lesions, the exact mechanisms by which C. albicans potentially causes the development of malignant disease still require much research. We have undertaken an extensive literature search to understand pathogenicity of C. albicans, including its virulence factors, its interactions with the host immune, how a dysregulation of the immune response can result in malignancy, and how a potential C. albicans specific cytokine response may be involved in oral carcinogenesis. We present here a candid assessment of the role of Candida in oral carcinogenesis and a hypothetical model about how this may occur. Finally, we present potential future research which is necessary to elucidate this role.
文摘<b>Introduction:</b> Oral cancer is the third most prominent type of cancer in Bangladesh. During or after oral cancer treatment, immune-compromised cancer patients may be susceptible to an infection by multi-drug-resistant opportunistic microbes. This study aims to identify the prevalent microorganisms from the infected site of oral cancer patients and observe their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Clinical samples were collected from the infected sites of oral cancer patients and healthy people. The swabs collected were placed on nutrient agar slant, then incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC. Bacteria from the slant were inoculated in several selective media (Mannitol Salt Agar Media, KF Streptococcus Agar media, Cetrimide Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar). Several biochemical tests identified opportunistic microorganisms. Finally, the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. <b>Results:</b> The study found that 65.4% of microbes isolated from the patients’ oral cavities were Gram-negative bacteria, and 34.6% were Gram-positive bacteria. Among the patient group isolates (n = 55), the most prevalent organism was <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. (30;54.54%). Others were <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. (27;49.09%), <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (24;43.63%), <i>E. coli</i> (14;25.45%), <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (14;25.45%), <i>Proteus</i> spp. (12;21.8%) and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (6;10.90%). Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes from the patient group have shown high resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. In the control group (n = 50), the most prevalent organism was <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (15;30%). Other organisms were <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (6;12%), <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. (11;22%), <i>E. coli</i> (3;6%), <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (14;25.45%), <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. (8;16%). The microbes of the control group showed less resistance to the antibiotics and rather showed sensitivity to them. <b>Conclusion:</b> The study revealed a high prevalence of multi-drug-resistant opportunistic microbes on immune-compromised oral cancer patients compared to microbes isolated from healthy people’s oral cavity.
基金founded by Elfarouq Foundation(a small charity).
文摘The Yes-associated protein(YAP)is a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway and acts as a key transcription co-factor to regulate cell migration,proliferation,and survival.The Hippo pathway is evolutionarily conserved and controls tissue growth and organ size.Dysregulation and heterogeneity of this pathway are found in cancers,including oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),leading to overexpression of YAP and its regulated proliferation machinery.The activity of YAP is associated with its nuclear expression and is negatively regulated by the Hippo kinase-mediated phosphorylation resulting in an induction of its cytoplasmic translocation.This review focuses on the role of YAP in OSCC in the context of cancer metastatic potential and highlights the latestfindings about the heterogeneity of YAP expression and its nuclear transcription activity in oral cancer cell lines.The review also discusses the potential target of YAP in oral cancer therapy and the recentfinding of the unprecedented role of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-3(DSG3)in regulating Hippo-YAP signaling.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of erianin on the viability,migration,and invasion of KB cells and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Cell Counting Kit-8,colony formation,wound healing,and Transwell assays were used to determine the proliferation,migration,and invasion of oral cancer KB cells.Furthermore,malondialdehyde(MDA)and glutathione(GSH)levels were determined.Fluorescent probes were used to detect changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species and iron ions.Additionally,the expressions of ferroptosis-related proteins,NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2),ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1),heme oxygenase 1(HO-1),and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)were analyzed by Western blotting assays.Results:Erianin induced ferroptosis and inhibited the proliferation,migration,and invasion of KB cells.Moreover,erianin decreased GSH level,increased MDA level,elevated intracellular ROS and Fe2+contents,and downregulated the expression of the ferroptosis-related proteins Nrf2,HO-1,GPX4,and FTH1 in KB cells.These effects of erianin were effectively reversed by a ferroptosis inhibitor,ferrostatin-1.Conclusions:Erianin inhibits the proliferation,migration,and invasion of oral cancer cells and induces ferroptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 signaling pathway.Therefore,erianin may be a potential candidate for the treatment of oral cancer.
基金The work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(Government Order FENU-2020-0022).
文摘Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma(OSCC)is a type of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma(HNSCC)and it should be diagnosed at early stages to accomplish efficient treatment,increase the survival rate,and reduce death rate.Histopathological imaging is a wide-spread standard used for OSCC detection.However,it is a cumbersome process and demands expert’s knowledge.So,there is a need exists for automated detection ofOSCC using Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Computer Vision(CV)technologies.In this background,the current research article introduces Improved Slime Mould Algorithm with Artificial Intelligence Driven Oral Cancer Classification(ISMA-AIOCC)model on Histopathological images(HIs).The presented ISMA-AIOCC model is aimed at identification and categorization of oral cancer using HIs.At the initial stage,linear smoothing filter is applied to eradicate the noise from images.Besides,MobileNet model is employed to generate a useful set of feature vectors.Then,Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit(BGRU)model is exploited for classification process.At the end,ISMA algorithm is utilized to fine tune the parameters involved in BGRU model.Moreover,ISMA algorithm is created by integrating traditional SMA and ChaoticOppositional Based Learning(COBL).The proposed ISMA-AIOCC model was validated for performance using benchmark dataset and the results pointed out the supremacy of ISMA-AIOCC model over other recent approaches.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work under grant number(RGP 1/322/42)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2022R161)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code:(22UQU4310373DSR06).
文摘Oral cancer is the most commonly occurring‘head and neck cancers’across the globe.Most of the oral cancer cases are diagnosed at later stages due to absence of awareness among public.Since earlier identification of disease is essential for improved outcomes,Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)models are used in this regard.In this background,the current study introduces Artificial Intelligence with Deep Transfer Learning driven Oral Cancer detection and Classification Model(AIDTLOCCM).The primary goal of the proposed AIDTL-OCCM model is to diagnose oral cancer using AI and image processing techniques.The proposed AIDTL-OCCM model involves fuzzy-based contrast enhancement approach to perform data pre-processing.Followed by,the densely-connected networks(DenseNet-169)model is employed to produce a useful set of deep features.Moreover,Chimp Optimization Algorithm(COA)with Autoencoder(AE)model is applied for oral cancer detection and classification.Furthermore,COA is employed to determine optimal parameters involved in AE model.A wide range of experimental analyses was conducted on benchmark datasets and the results were investigated under several aspects.The extensive experimental analysis outcomes established the enhanced performance of AIDTLOCCM model compared to other approaches with a maximum accuracy of 90.08%.
文摘The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has marked the beginning of a new pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). The World Health Organization has announced it as a health emergency that is of international concern. The disease has been reported to cause respiratory illness, pneumonia and even hinder the immunity of an individual. Individuals with disturbed immune responses have been found to be quite susceptible to this viral infection. Oral cancer patients are also at high risk in this pandemic situation and might encounter severe detrimental outcomes. Angiotensin receptors, documented in studies as the path of entry of this virus, are highly expressed in the epithelial cells of oral mucosa, making the group of individuals with oral cancers even more vulnerable. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer is another potential target for SARS-CoV-2. An exhaustion of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 cell receptors leads to protumoral effects, whereas a downregulation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer leads to antitumoral effects. Thus, it causes a variation of the biological behavior of the tumor. This article focusses on the molecular mechanisms, effects and pathophysiology of COVID-19 in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The different molecular changes in oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of COVID-19 will modify various environmental factors for this pathology and have an effect on the carcinogenesis process. Understanding the behavior of the tumor will help plan advanced treatment strategies for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients in the background of COVID-19.
基金The authors sincerely thank the Clinical Outcomes Research and Education at Collegeof Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences for supporting this study.
文摘BACKGROUND Oral cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide.Public knowledge in oral cancer risk factors and survival is limited.AIM To come up with machine learning(ML)algorithms to predict the length of survival for individuals diagnosed with oral cancer,and to explore the most important factors that were responsible for shortening or lengthening oral cancer survival.METHODS We used the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database from the years 1975 to 2016 that consisted of a total of 257880 cases and 94 variables.Four ML techniques in the area of artificial intelligence were applied for model training and validation.Model accuracy was evaluated using mean absolute error(MAE),mean squared error(MSE),root mean squared error(RMSE),R2 and adjusted R2.RESULTS The most important factors predictive of oral cancer survival time were age at diagnosis,primary cancer site,tumor size and year of diagnosis.Year of diagnosis referred to the year when the tumor was first diagnosed,implying that individuals with tumors that were diagnosed in the modern era tend to have longer survival than those diagnosed in the past.The extreme gradient boosting ML algorithms showed the best performance,with the MAE equaled to 13.55,MSE 486.55 and RMSE 22.06.CONCLUSION Using artificial intelligence,we developed a tool that can be used for oral cancer survival prediction and for medical-decision making.The finding relating to the year of diagnosis represented an important new discovery in the literature.The results of this study have implications for cancer prevention and education for the public.
文摘<strong>Purpose:</strong> To investigate whether photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using a portable fluorescence spectrophotometer (FC-1) can easily and objectively discriminate between normal and tumor cells at the dental chairside, and to further compare it with PDD that requires speculum examination by focusing on protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). <strong>Methods: </strong>Three cell lines (2 human oral squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell lines, HSC-2 and HSC-3 cells, and oral keratinocytes, HOK cells) were cultured. 5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA) and deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) were mixed in DMEM, and the mixture was set to Control (DMEM only) and PDD (5-ALA+DFO) groups. And then, a fluorescence was measured under room temperature (RT) and 37°C (Incubation) by using FC-1. In this study, the two conditions were combined with the Control and PDD groups to form the Control/RT, Control/Incubate, PDD/RT, and PDD/Incubate groups. Additionally, the amount of singlet oxygen (1O2) generated by irradiation with 405 nm LED was measured using electron spin resonance spectroscopy to detect PPIX in the cell supernatant after 24 hours. <strong>Results:</strong> In HSC-2 and HSC-3, the fluorescence intensity values increased significantly at 2 hours between the Control/RT and PDD/RT groups. In addition, there was a significant difference between HSC-2 and HSC-3 compared to HOK. In all cell lines, the fluorescence intensity values of the PDD/Incubate group were significantly higher than those of the PDD/Control group. The amount of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> generated by 405 nm LED irradiation was higher in the cell supernatants of all cell lines in the order of Control/RT < Control/Incubate < PDD/RT < PDD/Incubate group, and HSC-3 in the PDD/Incubate group showed a significant increase compared to HOK. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is suggested that PDD using FC-1 can clearly distinguish between normal cells and tumor cells in vitro studies using cell lines at 2 hours under 37°C, and it can detect not only intracellular PPIX, but also extracellular PPIX.
文摘Background: Oral cancer presents a heterogeneous geographic incidence. Annually, more than 275,000 new cases are diagnosed worldwide. In spite of the easy accessibility of oral cavity during physical examination, most malignancies are not diagnosed until late stages of disease. Methods: Oral health promotion was our main objective, risk factors were identified and oral cavity self-examination was promoted. The population considered (n = 1117) was divided in two main age groups—a youngest (individuals under 25 years old) mostly targeted for oral cancer awareness and oral cavity self examination promotion, and an older group having accumulated potential risk exposure. Results: The results obtained revealed smoking habits and fruits-vegetables consumption deficit as the highest risks factors found. Considering a Risk Factor Exposure Index analysis, individuals with secondary level of instruction and living in sub-urban areas assumed the highest risk exposure. Alcohol consumption had also contributed as a significant risk exposure. Conclusions: Some of these risk factors work as biological reward of quality of life deficit. A wide comprehension of the problem requires a multidisciplinary approach necessarily involving Health and Social Sciences in order to target the core of oral cancer health promotion. An effective epidemiological strategy must thus support three major aspects: population knowledge, sensitization and visual screening.
文摘In Hungary, the incidence and mortality from oral cancer is so high, that in the past decades it has attracted international attention. The mortality rates are the highest in Europe. As risk factors, smoking and alcohol drinking have a multiplicative role;in addition, a number of dental factors also play a role. Premalignant conditions and lesions are well known. They should be targeted for early detection and early treatment. The screening tool is simple: inspection and palpation. The physician-patient encounters provide opportunity for screening. This paper looks for the answer to the long debated question: who is responsible for oral screening?
文摘Objective: To descript the incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer among Chinese population in 2011, and provide valuable data for oral cancer prevention and research.Methods: Data from 177 population-based cancer registries distributed in 28 provinces were accepted for this study after evaluation based on quality control criteria, covering a total of 175,310,169 populations and accounting for 13.01% of the overall national population in 2011. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated by area, gender and age groups. The numbers of new cases and deaths were estimated using the 5-year age-specific cancer incidence/mortality rates and the corresponding populations. The Chinese population in 2000 and World Segi's population were used for age-standardized rates.Results: The estimate of new cases diagnosed with oral cancer was 39,450 including 26,160 males and 13,290 females. The overall crude incidence rate for oral cancer was 2.93/100,000. The age-standardized rates by China(ASRCN) population and by World population(ASRwld) were 2.22/100,000 and 2.17/100,000, respectively. Among subjects aged 0-74 years, the cumulative incidence rate was 0.25%. The estimated number of oral cancer deaths of China in 2011 was 16,933, including 11,794 males and 5,139 females. The overall crude mortality rate was 1.26/100,000, accounting for 0.80% of all cancer deaths. The ASRCN and ASRwld for mortality were 0.90/100,000 and 0.89/100,000, respectively. Among subjects aged 0-74 years, the cumulative mortality rate was 0.10%. The incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer were much higher in males and urban areas than in females and rural areas. In addition, the incidence and mortality rates were increased by the raising of ages.Conclusions: Results in the study may have important roles for oral cancer prevention and research. Although oral cancer burden of China is not high, we must pay attention to this malignancy as well. In addition, further researches need to be done for primary and secondary prevention research of oral cancer, especially for the high risk population.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81172568)
文摘Background:Oral cancer is a common type of head and neck cancers.Knowing its epidemiologic characteristics is crucial to preventing,diagnosing,and treating this cancer.This study aimed to explore the epidemiologic characteristics of oral cancer in South China.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed data from 4097 oral cancer patients treated at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between 1960 and 2013.We compared the age of onset,sex ratio,pathologic type,and primary tumor location among three subcultural areas(Guangfu,Hakka,and Chaoshan) and between an economically developed region and a less-developed one in Guangdong.Results:Overall,oral cancer had a male-to-female ratio of approximately 2:1,and this ratio decreased over time.Oral cancer occurred mostly in patients of 45-64 years old(54.5%),and the percentage of older patients gradually increased over time.The most common tumor location was the tongue.Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant pathologic type.The percentage of blood type O in oral cancer patients was lower than that in the healthy population.The male-to-female ratio in the Chaoshan area was higher than that in the Guangfu and Hakka areas,whereas the age of disease onset in Guangfu was higher than that in Hakka and Chaoshan.The male-to-female ratio was lower and the age of disease onset was higher in the economically developed region than in the less-developed region.Conclusion:The incidence of oral cancer in South China presents typical characteristics to which doctors should pay attention when diagnosing and treating oral cancer patients.
