When the amphibious vehicle navigates in water,the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity greatly influence the navigation characteristics.In the relevant research on reducing the navig...When the amphibious vehicle navigates in water,the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity greatly influence the navigation characteristics.In the relevant research on reducing the navigation resistance of amphibious vehicles by adjusting the angle of the anti-wave plate,there is a lack of scientific selection of parameters and reasonable research of simulation results by using mathematical methods,and the influence of the center of gravity position on navigation characteristics is not considered at the same time.To study the influence of the combinations of the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity on the resistance reduction characteristics,a numerical calculation model of the amphibious unmanned vehicle was established by using the theory of computational fluid dynamics,and the experimental data verified the correctness of the numerical model.Based on this numerical model,the navigation characteristics of the amphibious unmanned vehicle were studied when the center of gravity was located at different positions,and the orthogonal experimental design method was used to optimize the parameters of the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity.The results show that through the parameter optimization analysis based on the orthogonal experimental method,the combination of the optimal angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity is obtained.And the numerical simulation result of resistance is consistent with the predicted optimal solution.Compared with the maximum navigational resistance,the parameter optimization reduces the navigational resistance of the amphibious unmanned vehicle by 24%.展开更多
As a new bionic algorithm,Spider Monkey Optimization(SMO)has been widely used in various complex optimization problems in recent years.However,the new space exploration power of SMO is limited and the diversity of the...As a new bionic algorithm,Spider Monkey Optimization(SMO)has been widely used in various complex optimization problems in recent years.However,the new space exploration power of SMO is limited and the diversity of the population in SMO is not abundant.Thus,this paper focuses on how to reconstruct SMO to improve its performance,and a novel spider monkey optimization algorithm with opposition-based learning and orthogonal experimental design(SMO^(3))is developed.A position updatingmethod based on the historical optimal domain and particle swarmfor Local Leader Phase(LLP)andGlobal Leader Phase(GLP)is presented to improve the diversity of the population of SMO.Moreover,an opposition-based learning strategy based on self-extremum is proposed to avoid suffering from premature convergence and getting stuck at locally optimal values.Also,a local worst individual elimination method based on orthogonal experimental design is used for helping the SMO algorithm eliminate the poor individuals in time.Furthermore,an extended SMO^(3)named CSMO^(3)is investigated to deal with constrained optimization problems.The proposed algorithm is applied to both unconstrained and constrained functions which include the CEC2006 benchmark set and three engineering problems.Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than three well-known SMO algorithms and other evolutionary algorithms in unconstrained and constrained problems.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction process and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Yunnan Mengzi pomegranate peel.Single factor and orthogonal test were used as optimize the extract rate(ER)o...The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction process and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Yunnan Mengzi pomegranate peel.Single factor and orthogonal test were used as optimize the extract rate(ER)of polyphenols from pomegranate peel(PGP).The polyphenols antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH·,·OH and total reducing ability,and compared with that of Vc.The optimum extraction conditions of polyphenols were as follows:ethanol concentration of 50%,liquid-solid ratio of 50:1,extraction temperature of 90°C,extraction for 4 h.Under these conditions,the ER of polyphenols from GPG was 8.15%.The results showed that the scavenging effects of polyphenols and Vc on DPPH·,·OH increased with increasing concentration,and the scavenging effect of polyphenols on DPPH·was higher than Vc in rang of 0.1-1.6µg/mL.When the concentration is greater than 0.6µg/mL,the scavenging effects of plyphenols on·OH is higher than Vc.The total reducing ability of polyphenols from PGP improved with the increase of concentration,and when the concentration was 8µg/mL,the total reducing ability was 114 U/mL.展开更多
Elastic anisotropy of shales is critical to accurate constraints for rock physical models,quantitative interpretation and hydraulic fracturing.However,the causes of elastic anisotropy of shales are very complicated,an...Elastic anisotropy of shales is critical to accurate constraints for rock physical models,quantitative interpretation and hydraulic fracturing.However,the causes of elastic anisotropy of shales are very complicated,and the understanding of how multiple influence factors affect the elastic anisotropy of shales is still not clear.Hence,the orthogonal experiment,as an effective multiple factors experimental method,is adopted in this study to analyze the effect of multiple factors for shale elastic anisotropy.Three factors,clay content,organic matter(OM)content and compaction stress are selected as independent variables,the orthogonal test table L_(16)(4^(3))with four levels for each factor is adopted.According to the designed orthogonal table,sixteen artificial shales are constructed based on the cold-pressing method,and all the dry artificial shales are measured by the ultrasonic measurements.The influence of each factor on the elastic anisotropy and the sensitivity orders of three factors are obtained using the range analysis.The orders of sensitivity for selected factors follow the sequence clay content>compaction stress>OM content for velocity anisotropy parameters.The compaction mechanism of artificial shales is also discussed by the compaction factor,which are positively correlated with the velocity anisotropy parameters.The clay platelets orientation distribution function(ODF)of samples is evaluated by a theoretical model,the ODF coefficients are significantly affected by the clay content and compaction stress,and W200 are much more sensitive to these factors than W400.The results can provide a critical rock physics basis for quantitative interpretation and reservoir prediction of the low-maturity or maturity shale reservoir.展开更多
[Objectives] To screen the optimal extraction conditions of flavonoids from leaves of Paliurus ramosissimus( Lour.) Poir.,measure the content of flavonoids in leaves of P. ramosissimus. using the Microplate Reader,and...[Objectives] To screen the optimal extraction conditions of flavonoids from leaves of Paliurus ramosissimus( Lour.) Poir.,measure the content of flavonoids in leaves of P. ramosissimus. using the Microplate Reader,and provide experimental basis for the development of medicinal resources of P. ramosissimus. [Methods] The ultrasonic extraction method was adopted and orthogonal design was carried out to study the effects of ethanol concentration( A),ultrasonic time( B),the solid-to-liquid ratio( C) on the extraction of flavonoids from leaves of P. ramosissimus. The Microplate Reader was used to measure the content of flavonoids in leaves of P. ramosissimus. in different extraction conditions,P. ramosissimus. and the optimal extraction conditions were used to measure the content of flavonoids from leaves of P. ramosissimus.[Results]Effects of the ultrasonic extraction method on the extraction rate of flavonoids from leaves of P. ramosissimus: extraction times >ethanol concentration > Ultrasound time > solid-liquid ratio. The screened optimal extraction process was: ethanol concentration of 65%,the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶ 25,ultrasonic time of 2 h and extraction times Under this condition,the extraction rate of total flavonoids in leaves of P. ramosissimus. was 2. 56%. [Conclusions] This method is simple and feasibility,reliable,and suitable for rapid measurement with large samples.展开更多
Parameter optimization integrating operation parameters and structure parameters for the purpose of high permeate flux,high productivity and low exergy consumption of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) proces...Parameter optimization integrating operation parameters and structure parameters for the purpose of high permeate flux,high productivity and low exergy consumption of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process was conducted based on Taguchi experimental design. L16(45) orthogonal experiments were carried out with feed inlet temperature,permeate stream inlet temperature,flow rate,module packing density and length-diameter ratio as optimization parameters and with permeate flux,water productivity per unit volume of module and water production per unit exergy loss separately as optimization objectives. By using range analysis method,the dominance degree of the various influencing factors for the three objectives was analyzed and the optimum condition was obtained for the three objectives separately. Furthermore,the multi-objectives optimization was performed based on a weight grade method. The combined optimum conditions are feed inlet temperature 75℃,packing density 30% ,length-diameter ratio 10,permeate stream inlet temperature 30 ℃ and flow rate 25 L/h,which is in order of their dominance degree,and the validity of the optimization scheme was confirmed.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of luteolin, a natural product of Ternate Grape Fern Herb, so as to provide a theoretical research basis for the chemical composition, pharmacol...[Objectives] This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of luteolin, a natural product of Ternate Grape Fern Herb, so as to provide a theoretical research basis for the chemical composition, pharmacological research and preparation development of Ternate Grape Fern Herb. [Methods] The effects of four factors including ultrasonic extraction time, liquid-to-material ratio, ultrasonic extraction temperature and ethanol concentration on extraction yield of luteolin from Ternate Grape Fern Herb were investigated by the ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology, through a single-factor experiment and an orthogonal experiment based on the single-factor experiment, and the experimental data was subjected to variance analysis and SSR analysis of the significance of differences between groups by SPSS20.0 software to select the optimal extraction process conditions. [Results] The optimal extraction process conditions were as follows: ultrasonic extraction time 25 min, liquid-to-material ratio 25∶1 ml/g, ethanol volume fraction 60%, ultrasonic extraction temperature 85 ℃. [Conclusions] The results were verified, and it was determined that the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process established in this study is reasonable and reliable, and can be used for the extraction of luteolin.展开更多
The construction of arch dams exhibits high uncertainty. Sensitivity analysis of construction parameters is important for the design and optimization of dam construction duration. However, current research cannot full...The construction of arch dams exhibits high uncertainty. Sensitivity analysis of construction parameters is important for the design and optimization of dam construction duration. However, current research cannot fully consider the combined influences of multiple parameters on the total construction. To effectively analyze the duration of arch dam construction, this study proposes a global comprehensive sensitivity analysis method in view of the whole process of arch dam construction based on an orthogonal experiment. This method could comprehensively consider the influence of the construction parameters that may lead to the uncertainty of construction duration. In addition, this method is able to identify the key parameters that may have a significant effect on duration uncertainty and sums up the general rules of combined parameters' interaction effect, which provides a scientific basis for reasonable optimization of the duration of dam construction.展开更多
To improve piezoelectric harvesting efficiency of Cymbal, optimization design of Cymbal parameters was studied with the method of Taguchi’s orthogonal experiment. The effective factors of piezoelectric harvesting pro...To improve piezoelectric harvesting efficiency of Cymbal, optimization design of Cymbal parameters was studied with the method of Taguchi’s orthogonal experiment. The effective factors of piezoelectric harvesting property were firstly analyzed. The orthogonal experiment schedule was then designed. The finite element model of Cymbal was built via ASPL tool in ANSYS software and static analysis was done. The experimental results were gotten with developed program. The optimization level of each factor was gained. Under the synthetical optimization level of each design factor, the piezoelectric analysis was tested and the open voltage of 236.476 V was revealed with improving 35.73% than the maximum voltage of 174.228 V in the orthogonal experiment. The average voltage of 229.98 V was measured with the manufactured optimized Cymbal structure design. The relative error was 2.54% between simulation and measured data. It indicated that the optimization design schedule was reasonable. Cymbal harvester with the optimized parameters could scavenge larger voltage.展开更多
To effectively harvest vibration energy from pavement without affecting driving comfort and safety, parameter optimization was done with the orthogonal experiment design and the finite element analysis. L16(44) Taguch...To effectively harvest vibration energy from pavement without affecting driving comfort and safety, parameter optimization was done with the orthogonal experiment design and the finite element analysis. L16(44) Taguchi’s orthogonal experiments were carried out with planted depth, PZT material, PZT diameter and thickness as optimization parameters and with open voltage and pavement displacement as optimization objectives. The experiment results were obtained via the finite element method. By using range analysis method, the dominance degree of the influencing factors and the optimum condition was obtained for the two objectives, respectively. Further, the multi-objective optimization was performed based on a weight grade method. The combined optimum conditions in order of their dominance degree are PZT diameter 35 mm, PZT thickness 6 mm, planted depth 50 mm and material PZT4. The validity of optimization scheme was confirmed.展开更多
The thermal induced errors can account for as much as 70% of the dimensional errors on a workpiece. Accurate modeling of errors is an essential part of error compensation. Base on analyzing the existing approaches of ...The thermal induced errors can account for as much as 70% of the dimensional errors on a workpiece. Accurate modeling of errors is an essential part of error compensation. Base on analyzing the existing approaches of the thermal error modeling for machine tools, a new approach of regression orthogonal design is proposed, which combines the statistic theory with machine structures, surrounding condition, engineering judgements, and experience in modeling. A whole computation and analysis procedure is given. Therefore, the model got from this method are more robust and practical than those got from the present method that depends on the modeling data completely. At last more than 100 applications of CNC turning center with only one thermal error model are given. The cutting diameter variation reduces from more than 35 μm to about 12 μm with the orthogonal regression modeling and compensation of thermal error.展开更多
The influence of labyrinth seal structure parameters and their interaction on the characteristics of leakage amount are numerically investigated by conducting a quadratic regression orthogonal experiment. To determine...The influence of labyrinth seal structure parameters and their interaction on the characteristics of leakage amount are numerically investigated by conducting a quadratic regression orthogonal experiment. To determine the optimal structure parameters of the steam seal for minimizing the leakage amount, a reliable regression equation that does not lack of fit is established. The flow characteristics of the fluid in the labyrinth seal are analyzed in detail. Results show that the leakage amount is greatly influenced by seal cavity depth, convex platform height, seal tooth thickness, and tooth tip clearance, with the tip clearance having the most significant effect. The interaction among the four items exerts a certain impact on the leakage amount. The proposed regression equation exhibits a good significance and does not lack of fit. After optimization, the labyrinth seal demonstrates increased entropy and energy dissipation at the tip of the seal tooth, as well as decreased speed and inertia effect in the cavity, suggesting that the resistance leakage performance of the optimized labyrinth seal is improved.展开更多
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30(PVP) was introduced into the preparation of nanozero-valent iron(n ZVI) and the traditional liquid-phase reduction was improved. The introduction of PVP simplified the traditional method.The ...Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30(PVP) was introduced into the preparation of nanozero-valent iron(n ZVI) and the traditional liquid-phase reduction was improved. The introduction of PVP simplified the traditional method.The n ZVI prepared with this new approach showed excellent surface characters and high performance on the removal of cadmium. TEM results showed that the aggregates of n ZVI can reach to several micrometers in length but less than 100 nm in diameter. The iron particles that were enclosed by a layer of oxide film that is less than10 nm, demonstrated that the n ZVI possesses a core–shell structure. BET results indicate that the specific surface area of the n ZVI was 20.3159 m^2g^(-1). A three factor and three level orthogonal experiment was employed to find out the dominant factor that affects the removal rate of cadmium by n ZVI. Based on the range values, the prominence order of each factor was: initial p H of the solution N initial concentration of cadmium N dosage of n ZVI, the range was 96.453, 3.294 and 1.747, respectively. A simulation was performed under the same condition and a same conclusion was derived, this consistence confirmed the validity of the conclusion that p H is the most significant factor that affects the adsorption efficiency.展开更多
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have potential applications in many fields, chemical vapor deposition(CVD) is an effective method for CNTs preparation. By CVD, the catalytic pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time and the size o...Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have potential applications in many fields, chemical vapor deposition(CVD) is an effective method for CNTs preparation. By CVD, the catalytic pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time and the size of the raw gas flow have a great influence on yield rate of CNTs and their form. In this paper, the orthogonal experiment analysis method is used for studying the influence factors of yield rate of CNTs. Research results show that, in the suitable temperature range of preparing CNTs, there is relatively more CNTs with excellent morphology, otherwise, if the temperature is too low, the growth of CNTs will not be sufficient; if the temperature is too high, then CNTs will be generated with excessive defects; with longer growth time of suitable pyrolysis of CNTs, higher yield of CNTs will be obtained; CNTs morphology with reaction time is not proportional; too low or too high raw gas flow rate is not conducive to the growth of CNTs. We have found the optimum conditions for the CNTs preparation: pyrolysis temperature 680 ℃, pyrolysis time 35 min, propylene flow rate of 180 m L/min. The results have a reference value for the preparation of CNTS and their composites.展开更多
Biological aerated filters have many advantages such as small volume and high treatment efficiency. This research focused on sewage treatment performance of integrated biological aerated filter (IBAF) under different ...Biological aerated filters have many advantages such as small volume and high treatment efficiency. This research focused on sewage treatment performance of integrated biological aerated filter (IBAF) under different conditions such as aeration, hydraulic retention time and the height of fillers layer, to identify the turn of marked affecting factor of removal performance through orthogonal experiments, optimize the function parameter of IBAF, reveal the regularity of sewage treatment of IBAF under different conditions, and adopt suitable measures to guarantee excess water quality of IBAF.展开更多
Utilizing self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS) reactive spraying technology,the feeding self-combustion agglomerated particles composed of Ti,B4C and C powders,TiC-TiB2 multi-phase ceramic coatings were pr...Utilizing self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS) reactive spraying technology,the feeding self-combustion agglomerated particles composed of Ti,B4C and C powders,TiC-TiB2 multi-phase ceramic coatings were prepared on the steel substrates. Orthogonal experiment was carried out to optimize the spraying parameters. The phase component and microstructure of the coating fabricated at the optimized parameters were studied by XRD and SEM. The reactive mechanism in flying agglomerated particles was discussed. The optimized conditions,spraying distance of 220 mm,powders delivering gas pressure of 0.3 MPa and preheating temperature of 240 ℃ to sprayed particles,were obtained from orthogonal experiment. For the coating,porosity of 2.5% and HV 1 595 are achieved under the optimized parameters. The coatings are mainly composed of TiC0.3N0.7,TiB2 and a little TiO2. The SEM analysis shows the morphology of TiC0.3N0.7 matrix in which the fine granular TiB2 crystals evenly disperse. It is concluded that,as solo reactive units,the agglomerated particles would finally form into the coatings after going through four successive stages in the flame,which are,respectively,pregnant reaction,flight combustion,collision and structure transformation and solidification. The solid diffusion and dissolution-precipitation are the two mechanisms to control the synthesis reaction.展开更多
Using the orthogonal experimental design method involving three factors and three levels, the flexural strength and the compressive strength of copolymer grouting material were studied with different compositions of w...Using the orthogonal experimental design method involving three factors and three levels, the flexural strength and the compressive strength of copolymer grouting material were studied with different compositions of water-cement ratio (mass fraction of water to cement), epoxy resin content, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content. By orthogonal range and variance analysis, the orders of three factors to influence the strength, the significance levels of different factors, and the optimized compound ratio scheme of copolymer grouting material mixture at different curing ages were determined. An empirical relationship among the strength of copolymer grouting material, the water-cement ratio, the epoxy resin content, and the waterborne epoxy curing agent content was established by multivariate regression analysis. The results indicate that water-cement ratio is the most principal and significant influencing factor on the strength. eEpoxy resins content and waterborne epoxy curing agent content also have a significant influence on the strength. But epoxy resin content has a greater influence on the 7-day and 28-day flexural strength, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content has a greater influence on the 3-day flexural strength and the compressive strength. The copolymer grouting material with water-cement ratio of 0.4, epoxy resin content of 8% (mass fraction) and waterborne epoxy curing agent content of 2% (mass fraction) is the best one for repairing of cement concrete pavement. The flexural strength and the compressive strength have good correlation, and the ratio of compressive strength to flexural strength is between 1.0 and 3.3.展开更多
The energy conversion efficiency of a multistage synchronous induction coilgun(MSSICG) has become one of the key factors that restricts its industrialization. To improve the launch efficiency of medium-and high-veloci...The energy conversion efficiency of a multistage synchronous induction coilgun(MSSICG) has become one of the key factors that restricts its industrialization. To improve the launch efficiency of medium-and high-velocity MSSICG,we propose an optimization design scheme combining orthogonal experimental design(OED) and self-consistent design method in this paper. The OED is introduced to reduce the number of iterations and improve the identification accuracy and efficiency. A self-consistent design model is established to overcome a defect that the parameters that need to be optimized will multiply as the number of coil stages increases. The influence of six factors(radial thickness of armature, axial length of armature, axial length of coil, capacitance, wire diameter, and slip speed) on the launch efficiency are then evaluated by range analysis. This work presents a valuable reference for optimizing medium-and high-velocity MSSICG.展开更多
[Objectives] To optimize the pet dog dyeing process of plant hair dye. [Methods]Three factors affecting dyeing were selected including pH,concentration of dye and dyeing time. The L_9(3~3) orthogonal design was used t...[Objectives] To optimize the pet dog dyeing process of plant hair dye. [Methods]Three factors affecting dyeing were selected including pH,concentration of dye and dyeing time. The L_9(3~3) orthogonal design was used to evaluate the hair coloring effect and the absorbance of cleaning solution after hair was dyed. [Results] The optimum pet dog dyeing process of plant hair dye was dye concentration of50 mg/mL,dye pH of 7. 5 and dyeing time of 1 h. [Conclusions] The coloring and fixing effects of the dye and dyeing process are good,which can lay a foundation for the development and utilization of plant dyes.展开更多
The inverse heat conduction method is one of methods to identify the casting simu- lation parameters. A new inverse method was presented according to the Tikhonov regularization theory. One appropriate regularized fun...The inverse heat conduction method is one of methods to identify the casting simu- lation parameters. A new inverse method was presented according to the Tikhonov regularization theory. One appropriate regularized functional was established, and the functional was solved by the sensitivity coeffcient and Newton-Raphson iteration method. Moreover, the orthogonal experimental design was used to estimate the ap- propriate initial value and variation domain of each variable to decrease the number of iteration and improve the identification accuracy and effciency. It illustrated a detailed case of AlSi7Mg sand mold casting and the temperature measurement ex- periment was done. The physical properties of sand mold and the interfacial heat transfer coeffcient were identified at the meantime. The results indicated that the new regularization method was effcient in overcoming the ill-posedness of the inverse heat conduction problem and improving the stability and accuracy of the solutions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174154).
文摘When the amphibious vehicle navigates in water,the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity greatly influence the navigation characteristics.In the relevant research on reducing the navigation resistance of amphibious vehicles by adjusting the angle of the anti-wave plate,there is a lack of scientific selection of parameters and reasonable research of simulation results by using mathematical methods,and the influence of the center of gravity position on navigation characteristics is not considered at the same time.To study the influence of the combinations of the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity on the resistance reduction characteristics,a numerical calculation model of the amphibious unmanned vehicle was established by using the theory of computational fluid dynamics,and the experimental data verified the correctness of the numerical model.Based on this numerical model,the navigation characteristics of the amphibious unmanned vehicle were studied when the center of gravity was located at different positions,and the orthogonal experimental design method was used to optimize the parameters of the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity.The results show that through the parameter optimization analysis based on the orthogonal experimental method,the combination of the optimal angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity is obtained.And the numerical simulation result of resistance is consistent with the predicted optimal solution.Compared with the maximum navigational resistance,the parameter optimization reduces the navigational resistance of the amphibious unmanned vehicle by 24%.
基金supported by the First Batch of Teaching Reform Projects of Zhejiang Higher Education“14th Five-Year Plan”(jg20220434)Special Scientific Research Project for Space Debris and Near-Earth Asteroid Defense(KJSP2020020202)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LGG19F030010)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61703183).
文摘As a new bionic algorithm,Spider Monkey Optimization(SMO)has been widely used in various complex optimization problems in recent years.However,the new space exploration power of SMO is limited and the diversity of the population in SMO is not abundant.Thus,this paper focuses on how to reconstruct SMO to improve its performance,and a novel spider monkey optimization algorithm with opposition-based learning and orthogonal experimental design(SMO^(3))is developed.A position updatingmethod based on the historical optimal domain and particle swarmfor Local Leader Phase(LLP)andGlobal Leader Phase(GLP)is presented to improve the diversity of the population of SMO.Moreover,an opposition-based learning strategy based on self-extremum is proposed to avoid suffering from premature convergence and getting stuck at locally optimal values.Also,a local worst individual elimination method based on orthogonal experimental design is used for helping the SMO algorithm eliminate the poor individuals in time.Furthermore,an extended SMO^(3)named CSMO^(3)is investigated to deal with constrained optimization problems.The proposed algorithm is applied to both unconstrained and constrained functions which include the CEC2006 benchmark set and three engineering problems.Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than three well-known SMO algorithms and other evolutionary algorithms in unconstrained and constrained problems.
基金This project is funded by Livelihood Plan Project of Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province(2021JH2/10300069,2019-ZD-0845)Department of Education of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0918)Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Scientific Research Foundation(GGJJ2015102).
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction process and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Yunnan Mengzi pomegranate peel.Single factor and orthogonal test were used as optimize the extract rate(ER)of polyphenols from pomegranate peel(PGP).The polyphenols antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH·,·OH and total reducing ability,and compared with that of Vc.The optimum extraction conditions of polyphenols were as follows:ethanol concentration of 50%,liquid-solid ratio of 50:1,extraction temperature of 90°C,extraction for 4 h.Under these conditions,the ER of polyphenols from GPG was 8.15%.The results showed that the scavenging effects of polyphenols and Vc on DPPH·,·OH increased with increasing concentration,and the scavenging effect of polyphenols on DPPH·was higher than Vc in rang of 0.1-1.6µg/mL.When the concentration is greater than 0.6µg/mL,the scavenging effects of plyphenols on·OH is higher than Vc.The total reducing ability of polyphenols from PGP improved with the increase of concentration,and when the concentration was 8µg/mL,the total reducing ability was 114 U/mL.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund Projects(42104107)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022XJDC06).
文摘Elastic anisotropy of shales is critical to accurate constraints for rock physical models,quantitative interpretation and hydraulic fracturing.However,the causes of elastic anisotropy of shales are very complicated,and the understanding of how multiple influence factors affect the elastic anisotropy of shales is still not clear.Hence,the orthogonal experiment,as an effective multiple factors experimental method,is adopted in this study to analyze the effect of multiple factors for shale elastic anisotropy.Three factors,clay content,organic matter(OM)content and compaction stress are selected as independent variables,the orthogonal test table L_(16)(4^(3))with four levels for each factor is adopted.According to the designed orthogonal table,sixteen artificial shales are constructed based on the cold-pressing method,and all the dry artificial shales are measured by the ultrasonic measurements.The influence of each factor on the elastic anisotropy and the sensitivity orders of three factors are obtained using the range analysis.The orders of sensitivity for selected factors follow the sequence clay content>compaction stress>OM content for velocity anisotropy parameters.The compaction mechanism of artificial shales is also discussed by the compaction factor,which are positively correlated with the velocity anisotropy parameters.The clay platelets orientation distribution function(ODF)of samples is evaluated by a theoretical model,the ODF coefficients are significantly affected by the clay content and compaction stress,and W200 are much more sensitive to these factors than W400.The results can provide a critical rock physics basis for quantitative interpretation and reservoir prediction of the low-maturity or maturity shale reservoir.
基金Supported by Project of Sichuan Provincial Health Department(120385)Project of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department(14JC0137)Project of Luzhou City Department of Science and Technology(2015LZCYDS09(2/8))
文摘[Objectives] To screen the optimal extraction conditions of flavonoids from leaves of Paliurus ramosissimus( Lour.) Poir.,measure the content of flavonoids in leaves of P. ramosissimus. using the Microplate Reader,and provide experimental basis for the development of medicinal resources of P. ramosissimus. [Methods] The ultrasonic extraction method was adopted and orthogonal design was carried out to study the effects of ethanol concentration( A),ultrasonic time( B),the solid-to-liquid ratio( C) on the extraction of flavonoids from leaves of P. ramosissimus. The Microplate Reader was used to measure the content of flavonoids in leaves of P. ramosissimus. in different extraction conditions,P. ramosissimus. and the optimal extraction conditions were used to measure the content of flavonoids from leaves of P. ramosissimus.[Results]Effects of the ultrasonic extraction method on the extraction rate of flavonoids from leaves of P. ramosissimus: extraction times >ethanol concentration > Ultrasound time > solid-liquid ratio. The screened optimal extraction process was: ethanol concentration of 65%,the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶ 25,ultrasonic time of 2 h and extraction times Under this condition,the extraction rate of total flavonoids in leaves of P. ramosissimus. was 2. 56%. [Conclusions] This method is simple and feasibility,reliable,and suitable for rapid measurement with large samples.
文摘Parameter optimization integrating operation parameters and structure parameters for the purpose of high permeate flux,high productivity and low exergy consumption of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process was conducted based on Taguchi experimental design. L16(45) orthogonal experiments were carried out with feed inlet temperature,permeate stream inlet temperature,flow rate,module packing density and length-diameter ratio as optimization parameters and with permeate flux,water productivity per unit volume of module and water production per unit exergy loss separately as optimization objectives. By using range analysis method,the dominance degree of the various influencing factors for the three objectives was analyzed and the optimum condition was obtained for the three objectives separately. Furthermore,the multi-objectives optimization was performed based on a weight grade method. The combined optimum conditions are feed inlet temperature 75℃,packing density 30% ,length-diameter ratio 10,permeate stream inlet temperature 30 ℃ and flow rate 25 L/h,which is in order of their dominance degree,and the validity of the optimization scheme was confirmed.
基金Supported by 2019 Undergraduate Innovation and Enterpreneurship Training Program of Fujian Province(201912631026)Undergraduate Innovation and Enterpreneurship Training Program of Xiamen Medical College(201912631057)。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of luteolin, a natural product of Ternate Grape Fern Herb, so as to provide a theoretical research basis for the chemical composition, pharmacological research and preparation development of Ternate Grape Fern Herb. [Methods] The effects of four factors including ultrasonic extraction time, liquid-to-material ratio, ultrasonic extraction temperature and ethanol concentration on extraction yield of luteolin from Ternate Grape Fern Herb were investigated by the ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology, through a single-factor experiment and an orthogonal experiment based on the single-factor experiment, and the experimental data was subjected to variance analysis and SSR analysis of the significance of differences between groups by SPSS20.0 software to select the optimal extraction process conditions. [Results] The optimal extraction process conditions were as follows: ultrasonic extraction time 25 min, liquid-to-material ratio 25∶1 ml/g, ethanol volume fraction 60%, ultrasonic extraction temperature 85 ℃. [Conclusions] The results were verified, and it was determined that the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process established in this study is reasonable and reliable, and can be used for the extraction of luteolin.
基金supported by the Foundation for Innovation Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51621092)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51339003 and 51409186)
文摘The construction of arch dams exhibits high uncertainty. Sensitivity analysis of construction parameters is important for the design and optimization of dam construction duration. However, current research cannot fully consider the combined influences of multiple parameters on the total construction. To effectively analyze the duration of arch dam construction, this study proposes a global comprehensive sensitivity analysis method in view of the whole process of arch dam construction based on an orthogonal experiment. This method could comprehensively consider the influence of the construction parameters that may lead to the uncertainty of construction duration. In addition, this method is able to identify the key parameters that may have a significant effect on duration uncertainty and sums up the general rules of combined parameters' interaction effect, which provides a scientific basis for reasonable optimization of the duration of dam construction.
文摘To improve piezoelectric harvesting efficiency of Cymbal, optimization design of Cymbal parameters was studied with the method of Taguchi’s orthogonal experiment. The effective factors of piezoelectric harvesting property were firstly analyzed. The orthogonal experiment schedule was then designed. The finite element model of Cymbal was built via ASPL tool in ANSYS software and static analysis was done. The experimental results were gotten with developed program. The optimization level of each factor was gained. Under the synthetical optimization level of each design factor, the piezoelectric analysis was tested and the open voltage of 236.476 V was revealed with improving 35.73% than the maximum voltage of 174.228 V in the orthogonal experiment. The average voltage of 229.98 V was measured with the manufactured optimized Cymbal structure design. The relative error was 2.54% between simulation and measured data. It indicated that the optimization design schedule was reasonable. Cymbal harvester with the optimized parameters could scavenge larger voltage.
文摘To effectively harvest vibration energy from pavement without affecting driving comfort and safety, parameter optimization was done with the orthogonal experiment design and the finite element analysis. L16(44) Taguchi’s orthogonal experiments were carried out with planted depth, PZT material, PZT diameter and thickness as optimization parameters and with open voltage and pavement displacement as optimization objectives. The experiment results were obtained via the finite element method. By using range analysis method, the dominance degree of the influencing factors and the optimum condition was obtained for the two objectives, respectively. Further, the multi-objective optimization was performed based on a weight grade method. The combined optimum conditions in order of their dominance degree are PZT diameter 35 mm, PZT thickness 6 mm, planted depth 50 mm and material PZT4. The validity of optimization scheme was confirmed.
文摘The thermal induced errors can account for as much as 70% of the dimensional errors on a workpiece. Accurate modeling of errors is an essential part of error compensation. Base on analyzing the existing approaches of the thermal error modeling for machine tools, a new approach of regression orthogonal design is proposed, which combines the statistic theory with machine structures, surrounding condition, engineering judgements, and experience in modeling. A whole computation and analysis procedure is given. Therefore, the model got from this method are more robust and practical than those got from the present method that depends on the modeling data completely. At last more than 100 applications of CNC turning center with only one thermal error model are given. The cutting diameter variation reduces from more than 35 μm to about 12 μm with the orthogonal regression modeling and compensation of thermal error.
文摘The influence of labyrinth seal structure parameters and their interaction on the characteristics of leakage amount are numerically investigated by conducting a quadratic regression orthogonal experiment. To determine the optimal structure parameters of the steam seal for minimizing the leakage amount, a reliable regression equation that does not lack of fit is established. The flow characteristics of the fluid in the labyrinth seal are analyzed in detail. Results show that the leakage amount is greatly influenced by seal cavity depth, convex platform height, seal tooth thickness, and tooth tip clearance, with the tip clearance having the most significant effect. The interaction among the four items exerts a certain impact on the leakage amount. The proposed regression equation exhibits a good significance and does not lack of fit. After optimization, the labyrinth seal demonstrates increased entropy and energy dissipation at the tip of the seal tooth, as well as decreased speed and inertia effect in the cavity, suggesting that the resistance leakage performance of the optimized labyrinth seal is improved.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51278147)the Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(51121062)State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Harbin Institute of Technology)(2014TS02)
文摘Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30(PVP) was introduced into the preparation of nanozero-valent iron(n ZVI) and the traditional liquid-phase reduction was improved. The introduction of PVP simplified the traditional method.The n ZVI prepared with this new approach showed excellent surface characters and high performance on the removal of cadmium. TEM results showed that the aggregates of n ZVI can reach to several micrometers in length but less than 100 nm in diameter. The iron particles that were enclosed by a layer of oxide film that is less than10 nm, demonstrated that the n ZVI possesses a core–shell structure. BET results indicate that the specific surface area of the n ZVI was 20.3159 m^2g^(-1). A three factor and three level orthogonal experiment was employed to find out the dominant factor that affects the removal rate of cadmium by n ZVI. Based on the range values, the prominence order of each factor was: initial p H of the solution N initial concentration of cadmium N dosage of n ZVI, the range was 96.453, 3.294 and 1.747, respectively. A simulation was performed under the same condition and a same conclusion was derived, this consistence confirmed the validity of the conclusion that p H is the most significant factor that affects the adsorption efficiency.
基金Funded by Beijing Excellent Talents Training Program(No.2014000020124G072)
文摘Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have potential applications in many fields, chemical vapor deposition(CVD) is an effective method for CNTs preparation. By CVD, the catalytic pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time and the size of the raw gas flow have a great influence on yield rate of CNTs and their form. In this paper, the orthogonal experiment analysis method is used for studying the influence factors of yield rate of CNTs. Research results show that, in the suitable temperature range of preparing CNTs, there is relatively more CNTs with excellent morphology, otherwise, if the temperature is too low, the growth of CNTs will not be sufficient; if the temperature is too high, then CNTs will be generated with excessive defects; with longer growth time of suitable pyrolysis of CNTs, higher yield of CNTs will be obtained; CNTs morphology with reaction time is not proportional; too low or too high raw gas flow rate is not conducive to the growth of CNTs. We have found the optimum conditions for the CNTs preparation: pyrolysis temperature 680 ℃, pyrolysis time 35 min, propylene flow rate of 180 m L/min. The results have a reference value for the preparation of CNTS and their composites.
文摘Biological aerated filters have many advantages such as small volume and high treatment efficiency. This research focused on sewage treatment performance of integrated biological aerated filter (IBAF) under different conditions such as aeration, hydraulic retention time and the height of fillers layer, to identify the turn of marked affecting factor of removal performance through orthogonal experiments, optimize the function parameter of IBAF, reveal the regularity of sewage treatment of IBAF under different conditions, and adopt suitable measures to guarantee excess water quality of IBAF.
基金Project (50672130) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Utilizing self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS) reactive spraying technology,the feeding self-combustion agglomerated particles composed of Ti,B4C and C powders,TiC-TiB2 multi-phase ceramic coatings were prepared on the steel substrates. Orthogonal experiment was carried out to optimize the spraying parameters. The phase component and microstructure of the coating fabricated at the optimized parameters were studied by XRD and SEM. The reactive mechanism in flying agglomerated particles was discussed. The optimized conditions,spraying distance of 220 mm,powders delivering gas pressure of 0.3 MPa and preheating temperature of 240 ℃ to sprayed particles,were obtained from orthogonal experiment. For the coating,porosity of 2.5% and HV 1 595 are achieved under the optimized parameters. The coatings are mainly composed of TiC0.3N0.7,TiB2 and a little TiO2. The SEM analysis shows the morphology of TiC0.3N0.7 matrix in which the fine granular TiB2 crystals evenly disperse. It is concluded that,as solo reactive units,the agglomerated particles would finally form into the coatings after going through four successive stages in the flame,which are,respectively,pregnant reaction,flight combustion,collision and structure transformation and solidification. The solid diffusion and dissolution-precipitation are the two mechanisms to control the synthesis reaction.
基金Projects(40728003, 40772180, 40802064) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (07JJ4012) supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金project (20080430680) supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(B308) supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project
文摘Using the orthogonal experimental design method involving three factors and three levels, the flexural strength and the compressive strength of copolymer grouting material were studied with different compositions of water-cement ratio (mass fraction of water to cement), epoxy resin content, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content. By orthogonal range and variance analysis, the orders of three factors to influence the strength, the significance levels of different factors, and the optimized compound ratio scheme of copolymer grouting material mixture at different curing ages were determined. An empirical relationship among the strength of copolymer grouting material, the water-cement ratio, the epoxy resin content, and the waterborne epoxy curing agent content was established by multivariate regression analysis. The results indicate that water-cement ratio is the most principal and significant influencing factor on the strength. eEpoxy resins content and waterborne epoxy curing agent content also have a significant influence on the strength. But epoxy resin content has a greater influence on the 7-day and 28-day flexural strength, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content has a greater influence on the 3-day flexural strength and the compressive strength. The copolymer grouting material with water-cement ratio of 0.4, epoxy resin content of 8% (mass fraction) and waterborne epoxy curing agent content of 2% (mass fraction) is the best one for repairing of cement concrete pavement. The flexural strength and the compressive strength have good correlation, and the ratio of compressive strength to flexural strength is between 1.0 and 3.3.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.5140130)
文摘The energy conversion efficiency of a multistage synchronous induction coilgun(MSSICG) has become one of the key factors that restricts its industrialization. To improve the launch efficiency of medium-and high-velocity MSSICG,we propose an optimization design scheme combining orthogonal experimental design(OED) and self-consistent design method in this paper. The OED is introduced to reduce the number of iterations and improve the identification accuracy and efficiency. A self-consistent design model is established to overcome a defect that the parameters that need to be optimized will multiply as the number of coil stages increases. The influence of six factors(radial thickness of armature, axial length of armature, axial length of coil, capacitance, wire diameter, and slip speed) on the launch efficiency are then evaluated by range analysis. This work presents a valuable reference for optimizing medium-and high-velocity MSSICG.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Foundation Project of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Resources Rescuing and Organizing(2013FY110600-03)
文摘[Objectives] To optimize the pet dog dyeing process of plant hair dye. [Methods]Three factors affecting dyeing were selected including pH,concentration of dye and dyeing time. The L_9(3~3) orthogonal design was used to evaluate the hair coloring effect and the absorbance of cleaning solution after hair was dyed. [Results] The optimum pet dog dyeing process of plant hair dye was dye concentration of50 mg/mL,dye pH of 7. 5 and dyeing time of 1 h. [Conclusions] The coloring and fixing effects of the dye and dyeing process are good,which can lay a foundation for the development and utilization of plant dyes.
文摘The inverse heat conduction method is one of methods to identify the casting simu- lation parameters. A new inverse method was presented according to the Tikhonov regularization theory. One appropriate regularized functional was established, and the functional was solved by the sensitivity coeffcient and Newton-Raphson iteration method. Moreover, the orthogonal experimental design was used to estimate the ap- propriate initial value and variation domain of each variable to decrease the number of iteration and improve the identification accuracy and effciency. It illustrated a detailed case of AlSi7Mg sand mold casting and the temperature measurement ex- periment was done. The physical properties of sand mold and the interfacial heat transfer coeffcient were identified at the meantime. The results indicated that the new regularization method was effcient in overcoming the ill-posedness of the inverse heat conduction problem and improving the stability and accuracy of the solutions.
