The paper was to explore the preventive effects of five drugs on mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) and to provide reference for clinical medication of pig farms in Hainan Province.A total of 444 health piglets were ...The paper was to explore the preventive effects of five drugs on mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) and to provide reference for clinical medication of pig farms in Hainan Province.A total of 444 health piglets were randomly divided into 6 groups,including five medication groups (72 piglets in group A,74 piglets in group B,72 piglets in group C,76 piglets in group D,76 piglets in group E) and one control group (74 piglets).The piglets in experimental groups were treated drugs once a day for successive 5 days at 30,60,90,120 and 150 of age.The piglets in control group were free of medication.At 70 and 140 days of age,15 piglets of each group were randomly selected to collect their blood serum.The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M-Hyo) antibodies in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).During the experiment,the incidence rates of respiratory disease,lung lesion,feed conversion rate,average daily gain (ADG),and mortality rate of pigs were also observed and recorded.The results showed that the five drugs had significant difference in preventative effects.Group C (Zhiyuanjing group) received the best preventive effect and the highest economic benefits.Compared with control group,the ADG and feed conversion rate in group C were increased by 7.53% and 9.09%,respectively; the incidence rate of respiratory disease was reduced by 13.44% and lung lesion was alleviated by81.43%; and the earnings of each pig could rise by 132.70 yuan.The preventative effect and economic benefit of the drugs was sequenced by Chansu Kechuanling and Bingchan Kechuanwang.Wante Feilin and amoxicillin had weaker preventive effects against MPS but greatly influenced growth performance of pigs,so they should be used alternatively with other drugs.展开更多
This study was conducted to develop a method for accurate quantification of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae during vaccine production or experimental research. Primer and probe concentration that gave the highest ΔRn and th...This study was conducted to develop a method for accurate quantification of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae during vaccine production or experimental research. Primer and probe concentration that gave the highest ΔRn and the lowest Ct were selected to establish the real-time PCR system for the detection of M. hyopneumoniae. Template DNA of M. hyopneumoniae was extracted by boiling under different conditions and detected by real-time PCR to determine the optimal conditions for DNA extraction. Thereafter, intra-and inter-batch reproducibility tests were carried out using a standard plasmid to evaluate the stability of the PCR system. Subsequently, the effect of medium composition on the quantitative detection was evaluated. Finally, the correlation between real-time PCR and CCU method was explored. The optimal primer and probe concentration for real-time PCR were 0.4 and 0.2 μmol/L, respectively. The intra-and inter-batch coefficients of variation(CV) in Ct value of 10~4-10~9 copies/μl standard plasmid were <5%, indicating good reproducibility of the real-time PCR system. Following incubation in a boiling water bath for 10 min, M. hyopneumoniae samples can be used directly as a template in subsequent real-time PCR assays,and good intra-batch and inter-batch reproducibility was observed. The working concentration of KM2 medium should be less than the 1/10 of the concentration of the stock solution to minimize its influence on the quantitative detection. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the log of CCU and the log of DNA copy number had a significant positive relationship(r=0.797,P=0.000). Thus, the two methods can be used in combination in the quantitative detection of M. hyopneumoniae. In summary, a rapid, stable and accurate quantitative PCR system for detecting M. hyopneumoniae culture was established in this study, which provides a technical means for accurate quantification of M. hyopneumoniae in vaccine production and laboratory tests.展开更多
In order to investigate the role played by platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in the pathogenesis of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in rats repeatedly infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), a rat MP infec...In order to investigate the role played by platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in the pathogenesis of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in rats repeatedly infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), a rat MP infection model was developed by infecting rats with MP for 9 times during a period of 24 weeks with a technique of ultrasonic nebulizing inhalation. Then in situ hybridization was performed with PDGF-B chain cDNA probe and the results were quantitatively analyzed to measure the changes in PDGF-B chain mRNA expression in the lung tissue. The results showed that: (1) MP polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests showed positive results in the bronchoalveotar lavage fluid (BALF) from all of the MP-infected rats (n=4) while they were all negative in BALF from the control animals (n=4, P【0.05) and in BALF from those rats both infected with MP and, at the same time, treated with erythromycin (n=4, P【0.05). Bacterial cultures of the bronchial and lung tissue were negative in all three groups. The展开更多
Objective Mutations in 23 S rRNA gene are known to be associated with macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae(M. pneumoniae). However, these mutations alone do not fully explain the high resistance rates in Asia...Objective Mutations in 23 S rRNA gene are known to be associated with macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae(M. pneumoniae). However, these mutations alone do not fully explain the high resistance rates in Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate other possible mutations involved in macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae. Methods The whole genomes of 10 clinical isolates of M. pneumoniae with macrolide resistance were sequenced by Illumina Hi Seq2000 platform. The role of the macrolide-specific efflux transporter was assessed by efflux-pump inhibition assays with reserpine and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone(CCCP). Results A total of 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were identified in 10 clinical isolates in comparison to the reference strains M129 and FH. Strikingly, 4 of 30 SNPs causing non-synonymous mutations were clustered in macrolide-specific efflux system gene mac B encoding macrolide-specific efflux pump protein of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family. In assays of the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of macrolide antibiotics in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitors caused a significant decrease of MICs, even under detectable levels in some strains. Conclusion Our study suggests that macrolide efflux pump may contribute to macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae in addition to the common point mutations in 23 S r RNA gene.展开更多
As an important pathogen of respiratory tract infection, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) may not only lead to primary atypical pneumonia but also cause systemic organ conditions.MP causes respiratory tract infection among ...As an important pathogen of respiratory tract infection, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) may not only lead to primary atypical pneumonia but also cause systemic organ conditions.MP causes respiratory tract infection among school-age children and is also an important infectious agent for adult respiratory tract infection. Intensive studies on roles of MP infection on the innate immune system significantly aid development of targeted therapy drugs. Epidemic studies on associated symptoms also help in clinical prevention and diagnosis and show importance to personalized treatment utilizing different drugs for different patients. This study summarizes the abovementioned three points based on MP studies in recent years.展开更多
Objective To establish and evaluate a real-time PCR assay to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.pneumoniae) in clinical specimens.Methods By analysing the whole p1 gene sequence of 60 M.pneumoniae clinical isolates in Be...Objective To establish and evaluate a real-time PCR assay to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.pneumoniae) in clinical specimens.Methods By analysing the whole p1 gene sequence of 60 M.pneumoniae clinical isolates in Beijing of China,an optimized real-time PCR assay (MpP1) using p1 gene conserved region was designed.The specificity and sensitivity of this assay were evaluated and compared with other two reported assays (RepMp1 and Mp181) using 40 positive and 100 negative clinical specimens.Results The detection limit of the new assay was 8.1 fg (about 1～3CFU) M.pneumoniae DNA.The sensitivity of MpP1,RepMp1,and Mp181 assays appeared to be 100%,100%,and 85%,respectively.Conclusion MpP1 assay is suitable for the detection of M.pneumoniae in Chinese clinical specimens.展开更多
In order to investigate the effect of vitamin A (VA) on the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (MP)-induced A549 cells, A549 cells were co-cultured with MP for different time lengths and then the le...In order to investigate the effect of vitamin A (VA) on the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (MP)-induced A549 cells, A549 cells were co-cultured with MP for different time lengths and then the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the cell culture supernatants were detected before and after treatment with different concentrations of VA by using the enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay ( ELISA). The results showed that the level of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the supernatants of MP-induced A549 cells was much higher than that in non-induced cells (P<0.01). After application of VA, IL-4 level was not increased until the concentration of VA was up to 0.5×10-5 mol/L (P<0.01). However, with concentration of VA increased up to 1×10-4 mol/L, IL-4 was significantly suppressed (P<0.01). It was concluded that MP could induce the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in A549 cells. VA could inhibit the secretion of IFN-γ and increase the IL-4 level in MP-induced A549 cells. However, high concentration of VA had an inhibitory effect on the secretion of IL-4 as well as on the IFN-γ. These data provided a theoretical basis for the application of VA in MP pneumonia in the clinical practice.展开更多
Objective: To confirm whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) are present in reproductive tract of STD patients in China. Methods: Application of nested PCR (nPCR) and DNA sequencing to test samples of urethral/vaginal swab...Objective: To confirm whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) are present in reproductive tract of STD patients in China. Methods: Application of nested PCR (nPCR) and DNA sequencing to test samples of urethral/vaginal swabs with MP culture confirmation of several nPCR positive patients. Results: 74 of 786 STD patients were positive for MP by nPCR, with a rate of 9.4%. Of the 484 male patients, 10.5%were positive, and among the 302 female patients, 7.6%were positive. There was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Of 12 cases of MP positive samples by nPCR,4 cases were first generation culture-positive, and one ofthem passed to the next generation successfully. DNAsequencing was performed on the nPCR product of oneswab sample and one MP culture isolation. The determinedsequence was identical to the typical MP strain. Conclusion: In China, MP are present in reproductivetract of both male and female STD natients.展开更多
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) becomes one of the most important health problems in China recently. Date for MPP inChinais scarce. Although macrolides and/or cortical steroids had been reported to be effective ...Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) becomes one of the most important health problems in China recently. Date for MPP inChinais scarce. Although macrolides and/or cortical steroids had been reported to be effective treatment for MPP, the long-term outcome remained uncertain. A study on status of MPP in China was conducted via a systematic review of published studies which have the Chinese data and collected from published PubMed and core journals of China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI). The analysis was based on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, drug resistance and prognosis. Twenty five articles concerned about MPP in Chinese children and adolescent were enrolled, including 11 studies on epidemiology/etiology, 11 studies on clinical characteristics, 7 studies on drug resistance, 5 studies on treatment from China's Mainland respectively. The overall incidence of MPP ranged from 7.1% to 54.4%. Fever and cough were most frequently identified in manifestations. Drug resistance to macrolides ranged from 18.9% to 90%. The outcome of treatment in patients who received combined treatment of macrolides, cephalosporin antibiotics and/or cortical steroid seems to be better than those who received macrolides only. Macrolide combined with cephalosporin or cortical steroid both may decrease the severity of MPP in the past decade. There was not enough evidence to suggest that cortical steroid can decrease the mortality of MPP in children. And a multi-center, randomized double blind research on the effect of cortical steroid was encouraged.展开更多
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis occurring predominantly in young children less than 5 years of age. Although imperfectly known, the aetiopathogenesis of KD would be secondary to immunolog...Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis occurring predominantly in young children less than 5 years of age. Although imperfectly known, the aetiopathogenesis of KD would be secondary to immunological abnormalities that could constitute a favourable terrain for neoplasms. We report on a case in a 2-year-old girl who presented clinical manifestations compatible with Kawasaki disease complicated by coronary aneurysm. Aetiopathological investigations revealed M. pneumoniae infection as specific IgM were present in the serum (Elisa). The patient was initially treated by intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and aspirin to anti-inflammatory dose. Following a few days of desquamation, resolution of the symptomatology occurred. Four weeks later she developed disseminated tumorous syndrome. Lymph node biopsy revealed massive infiltration by large cells lymphomatous proliferation. Histologic and immunophenotypic findings were characteristic of ALK-1+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Four weeks later, the patient died from a severe nosocomial infection complicated by septic shock. Our observation is the first cases describing the association between anaplastic large cell lymphoma, KD and M. pneumoniae. Immunologic disorder due to KD and M. pneumoniae infection may play probably a central role for malignancy.展开更多
To analyze the bronchial epithelial cell damage induced by Mycoplasma pneumonia and the therapeutic effects of clarithromycin, we observed bronchial tissue damage by using a mouse model and performing immunostaining a...To analyze the bronchial epithelial cell damage induced by Mycoplasma pneumonia and the therapeutic effects of clarithromycin, we observed bronchial tissue damage by using a mouse model and performing immunostaining and scanning electron microscopy. The immunostaining study showed that M. pneumoniae-labeled fluorescence was found on the mucosal epithelium of mice, 6 days after inoculation. Clarithromycin treatment reduced the fluorescence. In this study, we demonstrated that the morphological alterations of bronchial mucosa, including the shortening and loss of ciliavisualized by scanning electron microscopy, and the inflammatory cell migration in the submucosal tissue visualized by differential interference contrast microscopy, were induced by mycoplasmal infection. We also showed that clarithromycin treatment, when administered from the first day of inoculation, attenuated both the bronchial epithelial damage and inflammatory cell migration in the submucosal tissue. These results suggest that the therapeutic effects of clarithromycin against mycoplasmal infection, may be due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the increase in diagnostic yield, by using IgA in addition to IgM, instead of IgM alone, in relation to the age of the patients.METHODS The study considered 1067 blood samples from patients with clinic...AIM To evaluate the increase in diagnostic yield, by using IgA in addition to IgM, instead of IgM alone, in relation to the age of the patients.METHODS The study considered 1067 blood samples from patients with clinical signs of lower respiratory tract infections, tested for anti-Mycoplasma IgG, IgM and IgA antibody.RESULTS The increase in diagnostic yield with IgA, compared to IgM detection alone was of 3.5% with statistically significant differences between age groups(0.8% for those equal/under 50 years of age and 4.3% for those over 50).CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that IgA detection lead to a twofold increase in the number of diagnoses among the older age groups, but it did not result in relevant increase among the younger age groups.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of Qingfei Mixture(清肺合剂), a Chinese medicine, in treating mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) in MP patients and rat model. Methods: A total of 46 MP children with phlegm heat o...Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of Qingfei Mixture(清肺合剂), a Chinese medicine, in treating mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) in MP patients and rat model. Methods: A total of 46 MP children with phlegm heat obstructing Fei(Lung) syndrome were randomly assigned to two groups by the method of random number table, with 23 children in each group. The control group was treated with intravenous infusion of azithromycin; the treatment group received intravenous infusion of azithromycin and oral administration of Qingfei Mixture. The treatment course was 7 days. Major symptoms and minor symptoms were observed and scored before and after treatments. A rat model of MP was also established. A total of 120 wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a normal group, infection group, Qingfei Mixture treatment group, azithromycin treatment group, and Qingfei Mixture + azithromycin treatment group. Each group contained 24 rats, from which every 6 were euthanatized 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after infection. MP DNA in pulmonary tissue homogenates was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Pathology was assessed after hematoxylin(HE) staining and lung tissue pathology scores were determined in pulmonary tissue. Transmission electron microscopic detection and electronic image analysis were performed on lung tissue 3 days after infection. Interleukin(IL)-17 was detected in serum using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) 7 days after infection. Results: In the clinical study, both control and the treatment group showed improved results on removing symptoms of phlegm heat syndrome compared to the control group(P<0.05). In animal experiments, On the 7th day after MP infection, as detected by electron microscopy, the pulmonary capillary basement membranes of the azithromycin + Qingfei Mixture treatment group were much thinner than those of the azithromycin or Qingfei mixture treatment groups(P<0.05). The level of serum IL-17 in the azithromycin + Qingfei Mixture treatment group was lower than that in the azithromycin or Qingfei Mixture groups(P<0.01). Conclusion: Both Qingfei Mixture and azithromycin have therapeutic effects on mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, but the combination of both agents had the greatest effect.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560696)Special Project of Enterprises-Universities-Researches Integration of Hainan Province(cxy20150008)Special Project of Technology Development in Scientific Research Institutes of Hainan Province(KYYS-2014-32)
文摘The paper was to explore the preventive effects of five drugs on mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) and to provide reference for clinical medication of pig farms in Hainan Province.A total of 444 health piglets were randomly divided into 6 groups,including five medication groups (72 piglets in group A,74 piglets in group B,72 piglets in group C,76 piglets in group D,76 piglets in group E) and one control group (74 piglets).The piglets in experimental groups were treated drugs once a day for successive 5 days at 30,60,90,120 and 150 of age.The piglets in control group were free of medication.At 70 and 140 days of age,15 piglets of each group were randomly selected to collect their blood serum.The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M-Hyo) antibodies in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).During the experiment,the incidence rates of respiratory disease,lung lesion,feed conversion rate,average daily gain (ADG),and mortality rate of pigs were also observed and recorded.The results showed that the five drugs had significant difference in preventative effects.Group C (Zhiyuanjing group) received the best preventive effect and the highest economic benefits.Compared with control group,the ADG and feed conversion rate in group C were increased by 7.53% and 9.09%,respectively; the incidence rate of respiratory disease was reduced by 13.44% and lung lesion was alleviated by81.43%; and the earnings of each pig could rise by 132.70 yuan.The preventative effect and economic benefit of the drugs was sequenced by Chansu Kechuanling and Bingchan Kechuanwang.Wante Feilin and amoxicillin had weaker preventive effects against MPS but greatly influenced growth performance of pigs,so they should be used alternatively with other drugs.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China(2017YFD0501604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31400164)
文摘This study was conducted to develop a method for accurate quantification of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae during vaccine production or experimental research. Primer and probe concentration that gave the highest ΔRn and the lowest Ct were selected to establish the real-time PCR system for the detection of M. hyopneumoniae. Template DNA of M. hyopneumoniae was extracted by boiling under different conditions and detected by real-time PCR to determine the optimal conditions for DNA extraction. Thereafter, intra-and inter-batch reproducibility tests were carried out using a standard plasmid to evaluate the stability of the PCR system. Subsequently, the effect of medium composition on the quantitative detection was evaluated. Finally, the correlation between real-time PCR and CCU method was explored. The optimal primer and probe concentration for real-time PCR were 0.4 and 0.2 μmol/L, respectively. The intra-and inter-batch coefficients of variation(CV) in Ct value of 10~4-10~9 copies/μl standard plasmid were <5%, indicating good reproducibility of the real-time PCR system. Following incubation in a boiling water bath for 10 min, M. hyopneumoniae samples can be used directly as a template in subsequent real-time PCR assays,and good intra-batch and inter-batch reproducibility was observed. The working concentration of KM2 medium should be less than the 1/10 of the concentration of the stock solution to minimize its influence on the quantitative detection. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the log of CCU and the log of DNA copy number had a significant positive relationship(r=0.797,P=0.000). Thus, the two methods can be used in combination in the quantitative detection of M. hyopneumoniae. In summary, a rapid, stable and accurate quantitative PCR system for detecting M. hyopneumoniae culture was established in this study, which provides a technical means for accurate quantification of M. hyopneumoniae in vaccine production and laboratory tests.
文摘In order to investigate the role played by platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in the pathogenesis of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in rats repeatedly infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), a rat MP infection model was developed by infecting rats with MP for 9 times during a period of 24 weeks with a technique of ultrasonic nebulizing inhalation. Then in situ hybridization was performed with PDGF-B chain cDNA probe and the results were quantitatively analyzed to measure the changes in PDGF-B chain mRNA expression in the lung tissue. The results showed that: (1) MP polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests showed positive results in the bronchoalveotar lavage fluid (BALF) from all of the MP-infected rats (n=4) while they were all negative in BALF from the control animals (n=4, P【0.05) and in BALF from those rats both infected with MP and, at the same time, treated with erythromycin (n=4, P【0.05). Bacterial cultures of the bronchial and lung tissue were negative in all three groups. The
基金supported by the grants from National Nature Science Foundation of China(81601778 and 81672062)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7152025)Beijing Talents Fund(2015000021469G192)
文摘Objective Mutations in 23 S rRNA gene are known to be associated with macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae(M. pneumoniae). However, these mutations alone do not fully explain the high resistance rates in Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate other possible mutations involved in macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae. Methods The whole genomes of 10 clinical isolates of M. pneumoniae with macrolide resistance were sequenced by Illumina Hi Seq2000 platform. The role of the macrolide-specific efflux transporter was assessed by efflux-pump inhibition assays with reserpine and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone(CCCP). Results A total of 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were identified in 10 clinical isolates in comparison to the reference strains M129 and FH. Strikingly, 4 of 30 SNPs causing non-synonymous mutations were clustered in macrolide-specific efflux system gene mac B encoding macrolide-specific efflux pump protein of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family. In assays of the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of macrolide antibiotics in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitors caused a significant decrease of MICs, even under detectable levels in some strains. Conclusion Our study suggests that macrolide efflux pump may contribute to macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae in addition to the common point mutations in 23 S r RNA gene.
文摘As an important pathogen of respiratory tract infection, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) may not only lead to primary atypical pneumonia but also cause systemic organ conditions.MP causes respiratory tract infection among school-age children and is also an important infectious agent for adult respiratory tract infection. Intensive studies on roles of MP infection on the innate immune system significantly aid development of targeted therapy drugs. Epidemic studies on associated symptoms also help in clinical prevention and diagnosis and show importance to personalized treatment utilizing different drugs for different patients. This study summarizes the abovementioned three points based on MP studies in recent years.
基金supported by the National Key Program for Infectious Diseases of China,No.2008ZX10004-002
文摘Objective To establish and evaluate a real-time PCR assay to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.pneumoniae) in clinical specimens.Methods By analysing the whole p1 gene sequence of 60 M.pneumoniae clinical isolates in Beijing of China,an optimized real-time PCR assay (MpP1) using p1 gene conserved region was designed.The specificity and sensitivity of this assay were evaluated and compared with other two reported assays (RepMp1 and Mp181) using 40 positive and 100 negative clinical specimens.Results The detection limit of the new assay was 8.1 fg (about 1～3CFU) M.pneumoniae DNA.The sensitivity of MpP1,RepMp1,and Mp181 assays appeared to be 100%,100%,and 85%,respectively.Conclusion MpP1 assay is suitable for the detection of M.pneumoniae in Chinese clinical specimens.
文摘In order to investigate the effect of vitamin A (VA) on the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (MP)-induced A549 cells, A549 cells were co-cultured with MP for different time lengths and then the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the cell culture supernatants were detected before and after treatment with different concentrations of VA by using the enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay ( ELISA). The results showed that the level of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the supernatants of MP-induced A549 cells was much higher than that in non-induced cells (P<0.01). After application of VA, IL-4 level was not increased until the concentration of VA was up to 0.5×10-5 mol/L (P<0.01). However, with concentration of VA increased up to 1×10-4 mol/L, IL-4 was significantly suppressed (P<0.01). It was concluded that MP could induce the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in A549 cells. VA could inhibit the secretion of IFN-γ and increase the IL-4 level in MP-induced A549 cells. However, high concentration of VA had an inhibitory effect on the secretion of IL-4 as well as on the IFN-γ. These data provided a theoretical basis for the application of VA in MP pneumonia in the clinical practice.
文摘Objective: To confirm whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) are present in reproductive tract of STD patients in China. Methods: Application of nested PCR (nPCR) and DNA sequencing to test samples of urethral/vaginal swabs with MP culture confirmation of several nPCR positive patients. Results: 74 of 786 STD patients were positive for MP by nPCR, with a rate of 9.4%. Of the 484 male patients, 10.5%were positive, and among the 302 female patients, 7.6%were positive. There was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Of 12 cases of MP positive samples by nPCR,4 cases were first generation culture-positive, and one ofthem passed to the next generation successfully. DNAsequencing was performed on the nPCR product of oneswab sample and one MP culture isolation. The determinedsequence was identical to the typical MP strain. Conclusion: In China, MP are present in reproductivetract of both male and female STD natients.
文摘Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) becomes one of the most important health problems in China recently. Date for MPP inChinais scarce. Although macrolides and/or cortical steroids had been reported to be effective treatment for MPP, the long-term outcome remained uncertain. A study on status of MPP in China was conducted via a systematic review of published studies which have the Chinese data and collected from published PubMed and core journals of China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI). The analysis was based on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, drug resistance and prognosis. Twenty five articles concerned about MPP in Chinese children and adolescent were enrolled, including 11 studies on epidemiology/etiology, 11 studies on clinical characteristics, 7 studies on drug resistance, 5 studies on treatment from China's Mainland respectively. The overall incidence of MPP ranged from 7.1% to 54.4%. Fever and cough were most frequently identified in manifestations. Drug resistance to macrolides ranged from 18.9% to 90%. The outcome of treatment in patients who received combined treatment of macrolides, cephalosporin antibiotics and/or cortical steroid seems to be better than those who received macrolides only. Macrolide combined with cephalosporin or cortical steroid both may decrease the severity of MPP in the past decade. There was not enough evidence to suggest that cortical steroid can decrease the mortality of MPP in children. And a multi-center, randomized double blind research on the effect of cortical steroid was encouraged.
文摘Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis occurring predominantly in young children less than 5 years of age. Although imperfectly known, the aetiopathogenesis of KD would be secondary to immunological abnormalities that could constitute a favourable terrain for neoplasms. We report on a case in a 2-year-old girl who presented clinical manifestations compatible with Kawasaki disease complicated by coronary aneurysm. Aetiopathological investigations revealed M. pneumoniae infection as specific IgM were present in the serum (Elisa). The patient was initially treated by intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and aspirin to anti-inflammatory dose. Following a few days of desquamation, resolution of the symptomatology occurred. Four weeks later she developed disseminated tumorous syndrome. Lymph node biopsy revealed massive infiltration by large cells lymphomatous proliferation. Histologic and immunophenotypic findings were characteristic of ALK-1+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Four weeks later, the patient died from a severe nosocomial infection complicated by septic shock. Our observation is the first cases describing the association between anaplastic large cell lymphoma, KD and M. pneumoniae. Immunologic disorder due to KD and M. pneumoniae infection may play probably a central role for malignancy.
文摘To analyze the bronchial epithelial cell damage induced by Mycoplasma pneumonia and the therapeutic effects of clarithromycin, we observed bronchial tissue damage by using a mouse model and performing immunostaining and scanning electron microscopy. The immunostaining study showed that M. pneumoniae-labeled fluorescence was found on the mucosal epithelium of mice, 6 days after inoculation. Clarithromycin treatment reduced the fluorescence. In this study, we demonstrated that the morphological alterations of bronchial mucosa, including the shortening and loss of ciliavisualized by scanning electron microscopy, and the inflammatory cell migration in the submucosal tissue visualized by differential interference contrast microscopy, were induced by mycoplasmal infection. We also showed that clarithromycin treatment, when administered from the first day of inoculation, attenuated both the bronchial epithelial damage and inflammatory cell migration in the submucosal tissue. These results suggest that the therapeutic effects of clarithromycin against mycoplasmal infection, may be due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.
文摘AIM To evaluate the increase in diagnostic yield, by using IgA in addition to IgM, instead of IgM alone, in relation to the age of the patients.METHODS The study considered 1067 blood samples from patients with clinical signs of lower respiratory tract infections, tested for anti-Mycoplasma IgG, IgM and IgA antibody.RESULTS The increase in diagnostic yield with IgA, compared to IgM detection alone was of 3.5% with statistically significant differences between age groups(0.8% for those equal/under 50 years of age and 4.3% for those over 50).CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that IgA detection lead to a twofold increase in the number of diagnoses among the older age groups, but it did not result in relevant increase among the younger age groups.
基金This work was supported by the grants from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation （No.7112019） and the Beijing City Talent Training Project Fund （No.20071A0303200118）.
基金Supported by Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z151100003815020)the Capital Fund for the Development of Medical Science(TCM Board.No.SF-2007-Ⅲ-23)the Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Beijing(No.JJ2012-09)
文摘Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of Qingfei Mixture(清肺合剂), a Chinese medicine, in treating mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) in MP patients and rat model. Methods: A total of 46 MP children with phlegm heat obstructing Fei(Lung) syndrome were randomly assigned to two groups by the method of random number table, with 23 children in each group. The control group was treated with intravenous infusion of azithromycin; the treatment group received intravenous infusion of azithromycin and oral administration of Qingfei Mixture. The treatment course was 7 days. Major symptoms and minor symptoms were observed and scored before and after treatments. A rat model of MP was also established. A total of 120 wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a normal group, infection group, Qingfei Mixture treatment group, azithromycin treatment group, and Qingfei Mixture + azithromycin treatment group. Each group contained 24 rats, from which every 6 were euthanatized 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after infection. MP DNA in pulmonary tissue homogenates was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Pathology was assessed after hematoxylin(HE) staining and lung tissue pathology scores were determined in pulmonary tissue. Transmission electron microscopic detection and electronic image analysis were performed on lung tissue 3 days after infection. Interleukin(IL)-17 was detected in serum using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) 7 days after infection. Results: In the clinical study, both control and the treatment group showed improved results on removing symptoms of phlegm heat syndrome compared to the control group(P<0.05). In animal experiments, On the 7th day after MP infection, as detected by electron microscopy, the pulmonary capillary basement membranes of the azithromycin + Qingfei Mixture treatment group were much thinner than those of the azithromycin or Qingfei mixture treatment groups(P<0.05). The level of serum IL-17 in the azithromycin + Qingfei Mixture treatment group was lower than that in the azithromycin or Qingfei Mixture groups(P<0.01). Conclusion: Both Qingfei Mixture and azithromycin have therapeutic effects on mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, but the combination of both agents had the greatest effect.
